energy sublevels, azimuthal, and more

2. Energy Levels
Energy Levels
(7)
Sublevels
(4)
s p d f
1 orbital 3 orbitals 5 orbitals 7 orbitals
2 e- 6 e- 10 e- 14 e-

3. QUANTUM
NUMBERS
Set of 4 numbers used to describe the
electrons in terms of :
a. Distance from the nucleus
b. Shape of the orbitals
c. Orientation in space
d. Direction of electron spin

6. PRINCIPAL QUANTUM
NUMBER, n
- Refers to the main energy levels
- Related to the average distance of the
electron from the nucleus
- Can only have integral values of
n = 1, 2, 3, 4 etc.

10. AZIMUTHAL or SECONDARY
QUANTUM NUMBER, l
- Defines the shape of the orbital.
- Also refers to the energy sublevels

13. MAGNETIC QUANTUM
NUMBER, ml
Describes the orientation of the orbitals in space.
The range of magnetic quantum numbers defined
by the formula ml = 2l + 1 and takes the integer
value between –l to +l including 0

17. SPIN QUANTUM NUMBER, ms
- differentiates how two electrons behave
under a magnetic field.
- Can only have two possible values
+½ and -½

21. Example. What are the possible quantum
numbers for the outermost electron of
oxygen?
SOLUTION:
Identify the final orbital occupied by the electron.
1s2 2s2 2p4
2 p4
n =
l =
ml =
ms =
2
1
-1, 0, +1
+½ , -½

22. What are the possible quantum numbers for the
outermost electron of chromium?
SOLUTION:
Identify the final orbital occupied by the electron.
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d5
3 d5
n =
l =
ml =
ms =
3
2
-2, -1, 0, +1, +2
+½ , -½

24. Electron Population Distribution or
Electron Orbital Notation
Show the electron population distribution for 15P.
P has 15 electrons.
Its electron configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3.
The electron population distribution for P is:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p