Economy and environmental science

1. Government and Business

2. Economics
• Key element in all environmental issues
• Profit is one of the driving forces of most economics
• Profit motive often dictates shortcuts in production that
have an effect on wildlife habitat
• Fails to account for external costs: Pollution, habitat
destruction, and other environmental impact that are not
entered into the cost of producing goods.
Companies should invest in pollution
control devices, in this case the
external costs would be greatly
reduced. Downside: consumers would
have to pay a higher price for energy
and goods.

3. The cost of pollution
• The “science” of computing environmental damage is very inexact
because much of the damage is due to intangibles that have no
market price.
Polluted sunsets
Reduced wildlife
Lost recreation opportunities
**One of the most frustrating things about all of the environmental
damage is that it can be avoided

4. Direct costs of pollution on the economy
• It impairs health thus reducing labor force activity and
output
• It destroys capital
• It diverts resources to undesired activities
• It reduces our social welfare by denying us access to
clean air, water, and land

5. Green Marketing
• Refers to the ability of the firms to promote their efforts to protect
the environment by eliminating toxic materials from production and
using recyclable or reusable materials in products and services.
Social Responsibility
• It is the firm’s obligation to improve its positive effects on society and
reduce its negative effects. This also implies that the executives are
responsible for their acts

6. Conservation
• Environmental Conservation is the practice of preserving
the natural world to prevent it from collapsing as a result
of human activities, such as unsustainable agriculture,
deforestation, and burning fossil fuels.
Environmental Conservation Programs
• Environmental conservation is the protection, preservation,
management, or restoration of natural environments and the
ecological communities that inhabit them. Conservation is generally
held to include the management of human use of natural resources
for current public benefit and sustainable social and economic
utilization.

9. Migratory Birds

11. Endangered species

22. Aquatic Habitat Conservation
Problem: over the last 100 years, approximately 50% of Florida’s aquatic
resources have been negatively impacted due to drainage practices,
urbanization, flood control, etc. These impacts can also have a negative
effect on the fish and wildlife that depend on these aquatic resources.
FWC’s Aquatic Habitat Conservation and Restoration (AHCR)
• Section has the responsibility of restoring, enhancing, and managing many
of these publicly owned aquatic resources.
• To achieve this, AHCR has established multi-disciplinary teams throughout
the state to help identify and prioritize aquatic resources that have been
negatively impacted.
• Teams are comprised of individuals from governmental and non-
governmental entities, conservation groups, stakeholders, and partners
who have a vested interest in how these public aquatic resources are
managed.

23. Partnership Conservation
• The Conservation Partners Program provides vital grant funding to support
organizations that provide staff and technical assistance to private landowners in
order to maximize the benefits of Farm Bill programs on working lands.
• WWF- World wildlife fund

24. Restoring Coastal Habitat
• The area where land meets the sea is often a place of spectacular
biodiversity and ecological beauty. The coastal zone makes up only 10
percent of the ocean environment but is home to over 90 percent of
all marine species.
Pacific Region Coastal Program
• One of the regional programs under the USFWS Coastal Program.
• The Pacific Islands program provides a crucial link between
private landowners, Federal agencies, State and local
governments, and communities to facilitate significant coastal
conservation efforts.

25. Restoring Coastal Habitat
• The area where land meets the sea is often a place of spectacular
biodiversity and ecological beauty. The coastal zone makes up only 10
percent of the ocean environment but is home to over 90 percent of
all marine species.
NOAA Fisheries
Recovery Act projects and the benefits they have
brought to coastal communities across the country.

26. National Wildlife Refuge
• The National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act provides authority,
guidelines, and directives for the Service to improve the National Wildlife Refuge
System;
• Administers a national network of lands and waters for the conservation,
management, and restoration of fish, wildlife, and plant resources and habitats;
• Ensures the biological integrity, diversity, and environmental health of refuges is
maintained;
• Defines compatible wildlife-dependent recreation as appropriate general public
use of refuges;
• Establishes hunting, fishing, wildlife observation and photography, and
environmental education as priority uses;
• Establishes a formal process for determining compatible uses of refuges; and
provides for public involvement in developing comprehensive conservation plans
for refuges.

27. Energy Efficiency Use
• The Alliance to Save Energy is a bipartisan, nonprofit coalition of business,
government, environmental, and consumer groups based in Washington, D.C.
• The Alliance states that it advocates for "energy-efficiency policies that minimize
costs to society and individual consumers, and that lessen greenhouse gas
emissions.
ACEE- The American council for an energy-efficient economy

30. Environmental Policy

31. Environmental Policy