pharmaceutics

1. INTRODUCTION TO
DIFFERENT DOSAGE FORMS
Presented by
Mr. Parimal Hadge
Datta Meghe Institute of Medical
Science(DU) Salod(H);Sawangi(M);
Wardha:

2. Learning objectives:
The learner will be able to learn:
• Different types of dosage form
• Needs of dosage form
• Detail account on Classification of ointment base

3. Classification of ointment base
Oleaginous bases
Absorption bases
 Emulsion bases
Water soluble bases

4. Oleaginous base
These bases consist of water soluble hydrocarbons, vegetable oils,
animal fats & wax.
The constituents of hydrocarbon bases are soft paraffin, hard paraffin &
liquid paraffin.
The vegetable oils are mainly used in ointment to lower the melting
point or to soften the bases.
These bases serve to keep the medicaments in prolonged contact with
the skin & also act as occlusive dressings. They have a low capacity to
absorb water & are used chiefly for their emollient effect.
These bases losing their importance now a days for the many reason.

5. Disadvantages of oleaginous bases
They are greasy.
They are sticky & are difficult to remove both from skin & clothing.
They retain body heat which may produce an uncomfortable feeling of
warmth.
They do not help in the absorption of medicaments.

6. Absorption bases
These bases are generally anhydrous substance which have the property
of absorbing considerable quantities of water but still retaining their
ointment like consistency.
The absorption bases are of two type namely as
I) Non emulsified bases
II) Water in oil emulsion
Non emulsified bases absorb water & aqueous solutions producing w/o
emulsion. E.g. Wool fat, wool alcohol, beeswax & cholesterol.
Water in oil emulsions are capable of absorbing more water & have the
properties of non- emulsified bases. E.g. hydrous wool fat ( lanoline)

7. Emulsion bases
These bases are semisolid or have cream like consistency.
Both o/w or w/o emulsions are used as a ointment base.
The o/w emulsion base is more popular now days because ease of
application will easily achieved.
The w/o type of emulsion bases are greasy & sticky.
The emulsifying ointment is prepared from emulsifying wax, white soft
paraffin & liquid paraffin.

8. Water soluble bases
These are commonly known as greaseless ointment bases.
The water soluble bases consist of water soluble ingredients such as
carbowaxes ( polyethylene glycol polymer)
The carbowaxes are water soluble, non – volatile & inert substance.
Selection of appropriate carbowaxes is depend on their molecular weight.

9. creams
These are viscous semisolid emulsions which are meant for external
use.
Cream is divided in to two types namely as
I) Aqueous creams
II) Oily creams
In case of aqueous creams the emulsions are o/w type & it is relatively
non greasy. The emulsifying waxes are anionic, cationic & non –ionic
used. Generally polysorbate, triethanolamine soap are used as
emulsifying agent.
In case of oily creams w/o type & it is relatively greasy. The emulsifying
agent such as wool fat, wool alcohols, beeswax & calcium soap is used.
The cream should be store in collapsible tube & supplied in well closed
container to prevent evaporation & contamination.

10. pastes
Pastes are semisolid preparations intended for
external application to skin.
The pastes are generally very thick & stiff.
They do not melt at ordinary temperature & thus
forms a protective coating over the area where
they are applied.
Pastes are differ from ointment as they contain a
high proportion of finely powdered medicaments.
They are mainly used as a antiseptic, protective,
soothing dressings.
Pastes should be stored & supplied in containers
made of materials which do not allow absorption or
diffusion of content.

11. jellies
Jellies are transparent or translucent, non greasy, semi solid preparations
mainly used for external application to skin.
These are also used for lubricating catheters, surgical gloves & rectal
thermometer.
The substance like gelatin, starch, tragacanth, sodium alginate & cellulose
derivatives are used for the formulation of jellies.
Jellies are of three types namely as
Medicated jellies
 Lubricating jellies
Miscellaneous jellies

12. References:
• R. M. Mehta text book for pharmaceutics I
• Lachman, A reference book for pharmaceutics
• Martin, A reference book for pharmaceutics

13. Thank you