2. OINTMENT

3. Presented By:
 TANJILA TABASSUM REG NO:12103078
 MD.FAHIM SHAHRIAR REG NO:12103096
 SADIA ANJUM REG NO: 12103101
 JERIN RAHMAN REG NO:12103107
 BADHAN SARKER REG NO: 12103114

4. CONTENTS:
 Its advantages and disadvantages
 Ideal properties of ointment
 Types of ointments
 Applications of ointment
 Ointment base type
 Manufacturing of ointment
 Evaluation parameters
 Ointment absorption through skin
 Packaging & Storage
 Available market preparations
 Special circumstance

5. *
*Ointment is a topical medication applied
on the body surfaces that is homogeneous,
viscous, spreadable, semi-solid preparation
with a high viscosity.

6. ADVANTAGES
Handling of
ointments is easier
than bulky liquid
dosage forms.
They are
chemically more
stable than liquid
dosage forms.
Convenient and
easy to apply.Chance of side
effect is reduced.
Avoidance of
first pass
metabolism..

7. DISADVANTAGES
They are
bulkier than
solid dosage
forms
They are less
stable than
solid dosage
forms.
The base
which is used
can be
oxidized
Time
consuming.
May be messy
or
uncomfortable

8. Characteristi
cs of an Ideal
Ointment
chemically and
physically stable.
smooth and free
from grittiness
melt or soften at
body
temperature and
be easily applied.
non-irritant and
should have no
therapeutic
action
finely divided
and uniformly
distributed
throughout the
base

9. TYPES OF OINTMENT
MEDICATED
OINTMENTS
UNMEDICATED
OINTMENTS

10. MEDICATED OINTMENTS
Dermatologic ointments
Ophthalmic ointments
Rectal ointments
Vaginal ointments
Nasal ointments

11. UNMEDICATED OINTMENTS

12. Eyes Hands
Legs Face

13. There are various problems when an ointment is suggested for
treatment such as:
Burns
Cuts boils
and scars
Itching
skin
problems
like
eczema,
dermatitis
and
psoriasis.

14. Types of Ointments Bases
Hydrocarbon bases

15. Absorption base
Types of Ointments Bases

16. Types of Ointments Bases
Emulsifying bases
Water soluble

17. MANUFACTURING OF OINTMENT:
The three variables in the manufacturing of ointment
are
 Time
 Temperature and
 Mechanical work

18. Incorporation Method
MANUFACTURING OF OINTMENT
In this method the components are mixed until a uniform preparation is attained, a stainless steel
ointment spatula is used for this method

20. MANUFACTURING OF OINTMENT
Fusion Method
A fusion process is done only when the components are stable at fusion temperatures. Ointments
containing white wax, yellow wax, paraffin and high - molecular - weight PEGs are generally
prepared by the fusion process.

21. 1.Penetration of
the base through
the skin
2. Absorption of the
drug into the blood
Stream
3. Rate of release of the
drug from the base

22. Process of ointment absorption through skin
involves:

23. Microbial Content:
STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA
AMONG THE ANTIMICROBIAL PRESERVATIVES USED TO INHIBIT
MICROBIAL GROWTH IN TOPICAL PREPARATIONS ARE:
benzoicacidPhenol
propyle
paraben
Methyl
paraben

24. Packaging: • no air space in jar, tubes
• well closed, air tight
container
• light-resistant containers
Glass Plastic
Light Resistant
Aluminum

25. • Cool place to avoid
softening and liquification
of base
Storage:
• 36 month, 48 month and 60 months
• the month during the batch was certified
and 6 months from date of opening
Expire
Date:
• FOR EXTERNAL USE
ONLY
• STORE IN A COOL AND
DRY PLACE”
Labeling

26. Available market preparation:

27. Newborn babies
Pregnancy
and lactation:
Ditranol
Salicylic acid ointment
Special circumstances:

28.  www.albania.com
 Wikipedia
 The Theory and Practice of Industrial
Pharmacy- Leon Lachmann, Hebert A,
Liuberman, Joseph L. Kanig
 Pharmaceutics: The Science of Dosage
Form Design- Michael Aulton
 Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students-
Cooper and Gunn