8WEBINAR_MODAL-VERBS.pdf
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This document discusses a webinar on modal verbs in English presented by Antonina Korobeynikova. The webinar covers the basic uses and functions of common modal verbs like can, could, may, must, should, and others. It explains that modal verbs are used to express ideas like probability, ability, obligation, permission, habits, and more. The document provides examples for how each modal verb is used in different contexts. It also includes interactive exercises asking the reader to identify the correct modal verb for different sentence prompts.
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The document discusses the use of modal verbs in the English language. It explains that modal verbs are used to express ideas like ability, permission, necessity, obligation, possibility, and probability. Some common modal verbs discussed are can, could, may, might, must, have to, need to, shall, should, will, and would. The document provides examples of how these modal verbs are used in different contexts like expressing ability, permission, obligation, possibility, probability, giving commands or suggestions, and asking questions. It also includes an activity with multiple choice questions to test understanding of using the correct modal verb in different sentences.
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Using rhetorical questions correctly
· These can be quite useful to encourage readers to think about an issue in a new way.
· DO use rhetorical questions in the middle of paragraphs, especially after using an example or anecdote. It helps readers place themselves in the situation and consider what they might do as well.
· DO NOT use rhetorical questions at the beginning of paragraphs (especially the beginning of the essay) or the ends of paragraphs. Also avoid using more than one for every page of writing you have.
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· Sure, you’ve got a page count to reach. But inserting filler words isn’t the way to do it. It may fill up the page, but your paper will be really painful to read.
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· DO write: He carries a weather-beaten leather briefcase.
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· DO use a voice, tone, and style that is more formal than you normally would in speaking, even to someone official like a boss. This is called Standard Written English.
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· These can be quite useful to encourage readers to think about an issue in a new way.
· DO use rhetorical questions in the middle of paragraphs, especially after using an example or anecdote. It helps readers place themselves in the situation and consider what they might do as well.
· DO NOT use rhetorical questions at the beginning of paragraphs (especially the beginning of the essay) or the ends of paragraphs. Also avoid using more than one for every page of writing you have.
Avoid Wordiness
· Sure, you’ve got a page count to reach. But inserting filler words isn’t the way to do it. It may fill up the page, but your paper will be really painful to read.
· DON’T write: He carries a briefcase made out of leather that is weather-beaten.
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· DON’T write: There is a place called the Writing Center where students can go in order to improve their academic writing skills.
· DO write: Students can improve their academic writing skills at the Writing Center.
Avoid using a conversational tone
· This can be anything from using slang to just using conversational words like “well” and “so” and “now” at the beginning of sentences. Just as you wouldn’t include things like “um” or “uh” also avoid using other words that people use as fillers in actual conversation.
· DO use a voice, tone, and style that is more formal than you normally would in speaking, even to someone official like a boss. This is called Standard Written English.
· DO NOT feel like using SWE means that you have to use the thesaurus to make yourself sound official. It’s fine to use simple and clear language to get your point across.
Avoid defining common terms
· Many times, especially at the beginning of the essay, there is the temptation to define terms like “music” or “love” or “disease.” But this is really unnecessary and simply looks like filler.
· DO discuss how experts view these terms, possibly contrasting their ideas with others if you want to show a nuance between them.
· DO NOT cite a dictionary definition simply for the sake of informing readers of the word’s meaning as if they are stupid. Especially do not cite Webster’s dictionary or similar.
Change up your sentence structure
· If you notice that you are beginning sentences with the same word (“the” for example) you may not have very much variation in your sentence structure. While not inherently wrong, setting up your sentences the same way makes your writing sound boring and simplistic.
· DO change things like “the woman walked up the street and noticed the trees were in bloom” to something like “As the woman walked up the street, she looked around and saw that the trees were blooming” or “Walking up the street, the woman noticed that the trees were in bloom.”
· DO NOT make the sentences so convoluted that they don’t follow basic grammar rules. You don’t want to take it too far.
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This document discusses modal verbs, including their meaning, form, and use. It defines modal verbs as special verbs that behave differently than normal verbs. Some key differences are that modal verbs don't take -s in the third person and use "not" for negation. The document also categorizes common modal verbs like can, may, must, should, etc. It provides examples of how modal verbs are used for probability, ability, obligation, advice, and permission. An activity asks the reader to identify the modal verb in sample sentences.
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
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- 1. MODAL VERBS ВЕБИНАР ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ENGLISH ACCENT
- 2. ВЕБИНАР ПРОВОДИТ Антонина Коробейникова/Аркель редактор Lingvovisor.ru преподаватель и бизнес-тренер основатель “Школы деловых коммуникаций ArkelTraining.com” Проводит бизнес-тренинги по деловым коммуникациям на английском языке в крупных международных и отечественных компаниях. Разрабатывает программы обучения. Сотрудничает с бизнес-школами и вузами. Сфера профессиональных интересов: лингвистика, прагмалингвистика, психолингвистика, маркетинг, PR © arkeltraining.com arkeltraining.com/about
- 3. © arkeltraining.com Modal Verbs can could would must might should will shall may ought to Modal verbs in English
- 4. © arkeltraining.com Modal Verbs Modal verbs: 1. don't use an 's' for the third person singular 2. make questions by inversion ('she can go' becomes 'can she go?') 3. are followed directly by the infinitive of another verb (without 'to'). You must wash your hands before breakfast! You ought to be more attentive.
- 5. © arkeltraining.com Probability Modal verbs can be used when we want to say how sure we are that something happened / is happening / will happen. It's snowing, so it must be very cold outside. I don't know where John is. He could have missed the train. This bill can't be right. £200 for two cups of coffee!
- 6. © arkeltraining.com Ability We use 'can' and 'could' to talk about a skill or ability. She can speak six languages. My grandfather could play golf very well. I can't drive. To talk about things that we managed to do on specific occasions in the past, we cannot use could. Instead, we use was/were able to. I was able to get some really good bargains in the sale. (NOT I could get some really good bargains in the sale.)
- 7. © arkeltraining.com Obligation & Advice We can use verbs such as 'must‘, ‘ought to’ or 'should' to say when something is necessary or unnecessary, or to give advice. Children must do their homework. We ought to wear uniform at work. We ought not to have ordered so much food. You should stop smoking.
- 8. © arkeltraining.com Permission We can use verbs such as 'can', 'could' and 'may' to ask for and give permission. We also use modal verbs to say something is not allowed. Could I leave early today, please? You may not use the car tonight. Can we swim in the lake?
- 9. © arkeltraining.com Habits We can use 'will' and 'would' to talk about habits or things we usually do, or did in the past. When I lived in Italy, we would often eat in the restaurant next to my flat. John will always be late!
- 10. © arkeltraining.com Submit your answers using chat box Train Your Brain We ______________ get to the meeting on time yesterday because the train was delayed by one hour. Choose the correct modal verb: May, can, could, couldn’t, mustn’t, must
- 11. © arkeltraining.com Submit your answers using chat box Train Your Brain We couldn’t get to the meeting on time yesterday because the train was delayed by one hour. Choose the correct modal verb: May, can, could, couldn’t, mustn’t, must
- 12. © arkeltraining.com Submit your answers using chat box Train Your Brain He ___________ to arrive at the party on time, even after missing the train, so he was very pleased. Choose the correct modal verb: May, can, could, couldn’t, mustn’t, must, to be able to
- 13. © arkeltraining.com Submit your answers using chat box Train Your Brain He was able to arrive at the party on time, even after missing the train, so he was very pleased. Choose the correct modal verb: May, can, could, couldn’t, mustn’t, must
- 14. © arkeltraining.com Submit your answers using chat box Train Your Brain Why is that man looking around like that? He ______ be lost. Choose the correct modal verb: May, can, could, couldn’t, mustn’t, must
- 15. © arkeltraining.com Submit your answers using chat box Train Your Brain Why is that man looking around like that? He must be lost. Choose the correct modal verb: May, can, could, couldn’t, mustn’t, must
- 16. Thank you!