The Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the 18th century, leading manufacturing to dominate the economy for nearly two centuries. However, since the 1950s, the majority of jobs have shifted to the service sector, particularly in banking, finance, and tourism. Today, key industries also include automotive, aerospace, oil and gas, though farming and manufacturing still contribute as well. The UK has a large labor force with low unemployment and a diversified economy centered around services.

3. Vocabulary
• Service sector
• Industrial Revolution
• Manufacturing
• Generating
• Volume

4. History of Industry
• The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in
1750 AD
– allowing the UK to dominate international trade in the
19th century
• Manufacturing (factory) jobs and farming jobs
once accounted for a great majority of jobs in
the UK until the 1950s when Service sector jobs
became the majority.
– Shipbuilding
– Coal Mining
– Steelmaking

5. Overview of the Industry in G.B.
• The main industries today are banking and
finance, steel, transport equipment, oil and gas,
and tourism
• Other industries-
• Machine tools, electric power equipment,
automation equipment, railroad equipment,
shipbuilding, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts,
electronics and communications equipment,
metals, chemicals, coal, petroleum, paper and
paper products, food processing, textiles,
clothing, and other consumer goods.
• Do you think that the modern day jobs are better
than old traditional jobs? Why?

6. Continued Overview
• Labour force: 29.7 million
• Labour force - by occupation:
agriculture 1.4%,
industry 18.2%,
services 80.4%
• Unemployment rate: 7.9%
– Why do you think it is so high?

7. Farming
• It contributes around
0.5% of GDP. Around two
thirds of production is
devoted to livestock, one
third to arable crops.
• Agriculture is intensive,
highly mechanized, and
efficient by European
standards, producing
about 60% of food needs
with only 1.4 % of the
labour force.
• cereals, oilseed, potatoes,
vegetables, cattle, sheep,
poultry, fish.

8. Industry in Great Britain
• Industry accounts for
18.2% of the workforce
in the UK
• Primary energy
production accounts for
10% of GDP
– one of the highest
shares of any industrial
nation.
• Largest industry-
related jobs are
Automotive and
aerospace.

9. The Automotive Industry
• The automotive industry is a
significant part of the UK
manufacturing sector and
employs over 800,000 people,
generating £26.6 billion of
exports
• Famous cars made in UK
– Aston Martin, Bentley, Daimler,
Jaguar, Lagonda, Land Rover, Lotus,
McLaren, MG, Mini, Morgan and
Rolls-Royce
• UK is the 12th-largest producer of
cars measured by volume.

10. Aerospace Industry
• The aerospace industry of
the United Kingdom is the
second largest national
aerospace industry in the
world
• The industry employs
around 389,000 people and
generates around £20
billion

11. Service Sector
• Service sector jobs make
up 80.4% of all jobs.
• Main service industries:
banking, insurance, and
business services,
account by far for the
largest proportion of
GDP

12. • This industry added
gross value of £86,145
million to the UK
economy.
• The UK's exports of
financial and business
services are very
important to the British
economy

13. Tourism
• Tourism is very important to
the British economy.
– With over 27 million tourists
arriving in 2004, the United
Kingdom is ranked as the sixth
major tourist destination in the
world
• Tourism is Britain’s 5th
largest industry,
• 3rd largest export earner and
worth £115 billion a year.
• It employs 2.6 million
people