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Understanding Earth's Geography
- 1. Chapter 1 Using Geography Skills
- 2. Section 1 Understanding the Earth
- 3. The Earth, The Sun, & Our Environment • Galaxy family of stars – Includes the Earth, sun, planets, and stars • Milky Way – Galaxy we live in – Our sun is a star in the Milky Way • Sun provides light and energy needed for life in Earth
- 4. Days & Nights • Sun is 93 million miles from Earth – Provides Earth with heat and light • Orbit – Earth travels around the sun in an oval-shaped path • Revolution – Journey Earth makes round the sun – Takes 365 ¼ days (1 year)
- 5. Days and Nights • Axis – An imaginary line running through Earth between the North & South Poles – Earth spins as it revolves around the sun • Rotation – Each complete turn (or spin) the Earth makes • Takes 24 hours (1 day) • As Earth rotates – Side facing the sun = daylight • Other side is night
- 7. Understanding Seasons • Some places on Earth days are longer & in others days are shorter – b/c Earth’s axis is at an angle • Earth’s tilt causes differences in temperature – Sun’s rays hit Earth more directly than in others • More direct rays – warmer – Also affects how much food an area produces • Why?
- 9. Effect of Latitude • Latitude – Imaginary lines that are east-west circles around the globe • Equator – A latitude line that circles the Earth exactly halfway between the North & South Poles
- 10. Effect of Latitude • Tropic of Cancer – Line of latitude – Summer solstice – June 22nd – sun shines directly above Tropic of Cancer • Tropic of Capricorn – Line of latitude – Winter solstice – December 22nd – sun shines directly over Tropic of Capricorn • Low Latitudes (tropics) – Areas between the tropics
- 11. Effect of Latitude • High altitudes or polar zones – No direct sunlight, bitter cold – Arctic Circle • 66 degrees North – Antarctic Circle • 66 degrees South
- 12. Effect of Latitude • Middle latitudes (temperate zones) – Times of direct and indirect sunlight – Makes mid-lat’s have seasons • Spring, Fall, Winter, Summer – Each lasts about 3 months – Patterns of daylight, temperature, & weather
- 13. Section 2 The Five Themes of Geography
- 14. Study of Geography • Geography study of Earth – Geographers study how Earth and its people affect each other • Geographers try to solve two main ?’s – Where are things located? – Why are they there? – Use 5 Themes of Geography to answer these questions
- 15. 5 Themes of Geography • • • • • Location Place Human-Environment Interaction Movement Regions
- 16. Location • 2 types – Exact & Relative • Exact Location – Uses latitude & longitude to find exact location on Earth – Lines of latitude = parallels – measure north to south of equator – Lines of longitude = meridians – measure east to west of Prime Meridian – Both measure in degrees
- 17. Location • Relative Location – Explains where a place is by describing what is near it – Ex: The gym is about 100 feet passed Mr. Edwards’ door. – Ex: Vienna is about 35 south of Jefferson City.
- 18. Place • Place combines a location’s physical & human features – Physical Features – describes climate or what lands is like – Human Features – how many people or what kind of things people do
- 19. Human-Environment Interaction • How people affect their environment, the physical characteristics of their natural surroundings, and how their environment affects them – Ex: irrigation in dry lands
- 20. Movement • Helps geographers understand relationship among places • Explains how people, goods and ideas get from one place to another – Cultural changes
- 21. Regions • Geographers use this theme to make comparisons • Regions have unifying characteristics – Climate, land, population, history, etc.
- 22. Section 3 Using the Tools of Geography