World Geography, The disciplines, the Earth, the Sun, The movements of the Earth, Equinoxes

2. • Geography - Studies the Earth's surface. It
also occupies a unique position in the field
of knowledge due to the richness of its
content. It also provides connecting links
between among various disciplines.

3. • Arts and Humanities
• Physical Sciences
• Biological Sciences
• Social Sciences
• Mathematical Sciences

10. • Natural Science
–Studies Nature ( water, landforms,
minerals, soil, climate and the
surface of the Earth)

12. • Artistic works, like paintings,
sculptures, literature, music,
dance

13. • Solar system
-consists of the Sun and the Nine planets.
(Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn,
Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. These 9 planets
revolving around the sun follows elliptical orbits
to maintain fine balance of the 2 opposing
forces. (Gravitational Attraction, Centrifugal
Force)

14. also known as GRAVITY, keeps the
planets from sailing out into space as they
revolve around the sunin their particular
orbits

15. • This force tends to make moving bodies fly away
from the center of rotation.
• an apparent force that acts outward on a body
moving around a center, arising from the body's
inertia.
Asteroids - group of planetary fragments
Meteors - chaotic wanderers

16. - source of solar radiation also called sunlight
- most important to the Earth and to the
geographic study
- center of the Solar System
- richest source of electromagnetice energy (in
the form of heat and light)

17. • is a minor planet bound to an extraordinary
star in the outskirts of a galaxy known as
Milky Way, far out in the immeasurable
universe

18. • it is nearly but not exactly spherical, it is known
that the Earth departs from a perfect sphere.
• Equatorial diameter - 7,926 miles
• Polar diameter - 7,900 miles
• The earth is pear shaped or an oblate ellipsoid

20. • Crust- outermost layer that covers the Earth like
a thin skin
• composed of 3 kinds of rocks
• Igneous-primary rocks of the Earth's crust
• Sedimentary- cover much of the Earth surface,
develop from materials that were once part of
older rocks, plants, animals
• Metamorphic- formed deep in the crust when
igneous and sedimentary rocks are changed by
heat and the weight of the crust presses on them

21. • Mantle- thick layer beneath the crust , it goes
down about 1,800 miles or (2,900 km)

22. • Core- occupies the central region, center of the
Earth
• it's divided into zones
• Inner core- radius about 780 miles is quite rigid
• Outer core- its surrounding is almost liquid

23. • Rotation
– rotates on its axis from
west to east.
– causes the alternatives
of day and night
• Revolution
– motion of the Earth in
its travel path or orbit
around the Sun, west
to east
– Period of revolution is
1 year

24. • International Date line or also known as IDL,
eliminated the problems on time
• is the place where one calendar day ends and
the next begins
• an imaginary line located at 180 degrees
longitude
• Leap year- an extra day added to the calendar,
every four years of February

25. • Seasons- are the divisions of the year into dry
or wet, or into spring, autumn, summer and
winter
• Summer Solstice-days are longer in the
Southern Hemisphere, Nights are longer in the
Northern Hemisphere
• Winter Solstice- days are longer in the
Northern Hemisphere, Nights are longer in the
Southern Hemisphere

26. • It is the equal day and night
The Equinoxes
• Vernal Equinox
• Autumnal Equinox

28. • Dr. Cecilio D. Duka, World Geography, Rex
Bookstore Inc., 2001