Travel and tourism has evolved significantly over thousands of years. In ancient times, travel was primarily for trade, empire building by kings, or to sites of religious significance. The development of inns in large towns aided travelers' needs. In the Middle Ages, travel became more difficult and dangerous. The industrial revolution led to urbanization and mass immigration to cities, causing people to travel to escape and find leisure. Resorts and spas grew in popularity in the 17th-18th centuries. The development of railways and later air travel further catalyzed both business and leisure travel. Today, travel and tourism is a major global industry providing employment and foreign exchange earnings worldwide.

1. Travel & Tourism
BY
Vinitha Emilia
Sneha Thomas

3. TRAVEL & TOURISM
EVOLUTION
• 2000 years Before Christ, in India and Mesopotamia
 Travel for trade was an important feature since the beginning of civilisation.
•
600 BC and thereafter
 The earliest form of leisure tourism can be traced as far back as the Babylonian and Egyptian
empires.
 In India, as elsewhere, kings travelled for empire building.
• 500 BC, the Greek civilisation
 The Greek tourists travelled to sites of healing gods.
 Inns were established in large towns and seaports to provide for travellers' needs.
 This era also saw the birth of travel writing.
• In the Middle Ages
 Travel became difficult and dangerous as people travelled for business or for a sense of obligation
and duty.

4. • Role of the industrial revolution in promoting travel in the west
 The rapid urbanisation due to industrialisation led to mass immigration in cities.
These people were lured into travel to escape their environment to places of
natural beauty, often to the countryside they had come from change of routine
from a physically and psychologically stressful jobs to a leisurely pace in
countryside.
• The development of the spas
 The spas grew in popularity in the seventeenth century in Britain and a little later
in the European Continent as awareness about the therapeutic qualities of mineral
water increased.
• The sun, sand and sea resorts
 The sea water became associated with health benefits.
 By the early eighteenth century, small fishing resorts sprung up in England

5. • Highlights of travel in the nineteenth century
 Advent of railway initially catalysed business
travel and later leisure travel. Gradually
special trains were chartered to only take
leisure travel to their destinations.
 Tourism in the Twentieth Century
The birth of air travel and after

6. PRODUCT
• Travel and Tourism one of the world's largest foreign exchange
earner among industries, provides employment directly to millions
of people worldwide and indirectly through many associated
service industries.
• A very wide industry, it includes:
 Government tourism departments,
 Immigration and customs services,
 travel agencies,
 airlines,
 tour operators,
 hotels
 and many associated service industries such as airline catering or
laundry services, Guides, Interpreters, Tourism promotion and sales
etc.

7. TYPES OF TOURISM
 Leisure travel
 Winter tourism
 Mass tourism
 Ecotourism
 Recession tourism
 Medical tourism
 Educational tourism
 Creative tourism
 Dark tourism
 Sports tourism
 Latest trends

8. PLACE
• Not only the location of the tourist attraction
or facility but the location of points of sale
that provides customers with access to tourist
products.
• Ex: I-site, Accommodation, Cafe

9. PRICE
• Used to achieve predetermined sales volume
and revenue objectives
• It gives a preceived value in the eyes of the
customer

10. PEOPLE
• Traveller
• Tourist
Meet their expectations
• Employees – Physical appearance, Knowledge, Grooming,
Trained
• The people who sell and service your product are an
extremely important part of tourism marketing. Friendly
personal service and trained employees can make or break a
tourism business.
• Because much of the tourism industry is based upon word of-
mouth advertising particularly about the service received-
what your customers say after they depart can thrust your
business forward or send it into a downward spiral.

11. PROCESS
• There are different types of processes involved in
running a tourism business
 administration,
 training,
 planning and strategizing,
 recruitment,
 distribution,
 purchasing and service delivery.
It is important to ensure that these processes are
planned and carried out properly so that operations
run smoothly and problems are rectified quickly

12. PROMOTION
• A range of activities can be used to convince
customers to buy the product, including
information kits, web sites, advertising,
personal selling, sales promotion, travel
shows, and public relations.
• Utilize tourist information centers, such as
welcome centers.
• Participation with your state, regional and
local tourism offices and associations.

13. PHYSICAL EVIDENCE
• The physical evidence of a tourism product
refers to a range of more tangible attributes
of the operations. Tangibalising the product is
a good way of giving positive and attractive
hints or cues to potential customers
with regard to the quality of the product.

14. THANK YOU