This document discusses different types of tourism including inbound, outbound, and domestic tourism. It defines key tourism terms like visitors, tourists, and excursionists. It outlines the history of travel from early times through the industrial revolution. Different scholars' views on travel motivations are presented, including Gray's wanderlust and sunlust concepts and Maslow's hierarchy of needs as it relates to travel motivations. The economic importance of tourism and its impact on the environment are also mentioned.

1. Travel Pattern and Management

2. Name Roll
Khadiza Noor 55
Aaqib Md. Shatil 87
Cynthia Islam 101
Zakia Shabnam Maria 27
Poly Talukder 47

3.  Travel & Tourism is the largest industry to fulfill the
demand of whole world
 Its economic contribution measured in terms of
investment, employment, balance of payment
 There is also increasing concern about the effect of tourism
on the global environment, in terms of use of energy and
water supplies; impact of global warming; and damage to
marine environment and ecosystem of destination
developed as a major tourism resort.
 This sector has different segments which is shown in the
figure 1.1

5. Inbound
Tourism
• Travelling to a country of residents
of other countries
Outbound
Tourism
• Residents of a country travelling to
others country
Domestic
Tourism
• Residents of a country traveling to
own country

6.  People who travel to and stay in countries other than
their country of residence for less than one year
 Most important market sector as they spend more and
stay longer , use more expensive transportation and
accommodation & bring more foreign currency which
contributes to a destination’s balance of payments
 It has grown strongly since 1950s
 It is widely experienced in Northern Europe

7.  People who travel and stay overnight within the
boundaries of their own country
 Now a days domestic tourism is increasing at a high scale
 It is estimated that 90% of the citizen experiences same day
tourism frequently
 But getting the actual number domestic tourism is very
difficult to measure because people hardly remember the
number of trips they made in a certain period of time
 Most of the time this type of tourism is formed for
business, religious, education, social and health purpose

8.  Tourism necessarily covers all relevant aspects of travel
 Travel can be defined as a visit with purpose and tourism is a visit for pleasure
with all traveling components
 Both travel and tourism has three components
i. Activities outside routine work
ii. Transportation for destinations
iii. Focused destination
 Five important points should be noted in relation to the definition
1. Overnight stay or same day visit
2. Visit for leisure, pleasure , sports, religious, social , business activities
3. Tourism include elements of travel
4. Includes so many recreational activities
5. Temporary trips including few hours or nights

10. Visitors
• Travelers who
fall within
agreed
definition
Tourist
• Staying visitors
• Stay overnight
at a
destination
Excursionist
• Same day
visitors
• Who arrive
and depart the
destitution on
the same day

11.  Early Travel
 Pleasure Travel
 Travel in Ancient India
 Caravan and Trade Routes
 The Middle Age
 The Renaissance and the Grand Tour
 Spas
 Seaside Resorts
 The Industrial Revolution

12.  Early Travel
In the nomadic stage, man moved from one location to
another and migrated to new places and countries for
greater comfort.
In olden feudal societies, travel was primarily related to
 Trade
 Military Conquest
 Performance of rites

13.  Pleasure Travel
People is ancient days were compelled by the innate
human desire to explore the surroundings, discover the
unknown and seek new experiences.
Curiosity, health, sports, knowledge made them travel for
pleasure.
Pleasure travel was a pastime of the Romans.

14.  Travel in Ancient India
Travel for religious and business purposes was a significant
feature of Indian life.
Ancient Indian Travel was fostered by
 Institution of pilgrimage
 Trade
 Commerce
 Desire for cultural contacts

15.  The Middle Age
 Religious motive gave a special boost to travel
 Pilgrimages have always been a great motivation for travel
 Some sort of law and order was restored during this age,
eleventh century precisely
 Medieval churches were instrumental in education and
information on travel

16.  Renaissance and the Grand Tour
Navigations and discoveries of late 15th and early 16th
centuries changed the outlook of men, stirred curiosity and
broadened horizons.
Italy became the cultural centre of Europe this time.
Travel became the means of self improvement and
education. Such educational tours are known as Grand Tour.

17. The concept of travel generally denotes the
movement of people. It is common practice to use
the words “Travel” & “Tourism” either singly or in
combination to describe Three types of concepts :
A) the movement of people
B) A sector of economy or & industry
C)A broad system of interacting relationship of
people .

18.  This three elements constitute the essential conditions for the
existence of the phenomenon of tourism :
1) Man (the human element)
2) Space ( the physical element)
3) Time (the temporal element)

19. Concept of Tourism is characterized by
a) a movement of people
b) the movement of temporary nature
c) It gives rise to activities at the destination
d) the main motive for participation in tourism is largely
recreation
e) lastly, tourism, in the pure sense , is essentially a pleasure
activity .

20. The motivation for tourism is such a factor that stimulates a
tourist to travel outside his/her residential area for pleasure,
health, business and so on.
Now we know…..
Why people leave their home area?
Why do tourist travel?
Why people participate in Tourism?

21. Different scholars have expressed different views
why people travel…….
Gray's view
Lundberg's view
Robinson's view
MASLOW'S VIEW

22. According to Gray…………..
Two basic and distinct reasons for pleasure travel can be conceived:
i. Wanderlust
ii. Sunlust
Wanderlust: wanderlust is the basic trait in human nature which causes some
individuals to want to leave things with which they are familiar and to go and see at
first hand different existing cultures and places.
Sunlust: sunlust generate a special type of travel which depends upon the existence
elsewhere of different on better amenities for a specific purpose. It centers generally
around the lure of the sun, sand and sea.
To sum up, in case of sunlust travel, the tourist visits one country, seeks domestic
amenities and accommodations and travel is a minor consideration after arrival at a
destination. On the other hand, wanderlust is generally multicounty; travelers seek
different cultures, institutions and cuisine. The wanderlust leads to relatively more
international travel and tourist business

23. According to Lundberg’s view……..
Lundberg has listed 18 motivations under 4 groups which are
considered to be most important in causing people to travel.
These are:
Educational and cultural motives
1. To see how people in other countries live, work and play.
2. To see particular sight.
3. To gain a better understanding of what goes on in the
news.
4. To attend special growth.
Relaxation and pleasure
5. To get away from everyday routine.
6. To have a good time.
7. To achieve some sort of romantic experience.

24. Ethnic
8. To visit places one’s family came from.
9. To visit places one’s family or friends have gone to.
Other
10. Weather
11. Health
12. Sports
13. Economy
14. Adventure
15. Conformity
16. One-upmanship
17. To participate in history
18. Sociological motives

25. Robinson’s view…….
1. The main reasons for people to engage in tourism, according to Robinson are:
2. Relaxation and refreshment of body and mind
3. Health
4. Pleasure
5. Curiosity and culture
6. Interpersonal reasons
7. Spiritual purpose and
8. Profession and business reasons
According to Maslow’s need theory………
The relation between travel motivations and Maslow’s need theory has been
stressed by Mill and Morision and travel is viewed as a need satisfier. Maslow’s
need hierarchy order is:
1. Psychological: hunger, thirst, rest activity.
2. Safety: security, freedom from fear and anxiety.

26. 3. Belonging and life: affection, giving and receiving love.
4. Esteem: self-esteem and esteem from other.
5. Self-actualization: personal self-fulfillment.
Two intellectual needs were later added to the original list. These
are:
6. To know and understand: acquiring knowledge.
7. Aesthetics: appreciation of beauty.
Mill and Morison have shown that the 36 travel motivations
listed in travel literature can fit into Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
model.

27.  Industrial Revolution
In later 18th century, significant changes were brought.
Number of holidays were lessened. A large and prosperous
middle class was created.
Factors of modern tourism are
 Social Prestige and Pleasure
 Spas and Resorts
 Education
 Improved transportation
 Relief from workday routine
 Exhilaration and relaxation

28.  tourism is a generic term which includes several types of travel
and stay depending upon the motivations that impel people to
move from one place to another. People travel for various reasons
and the main purpose of travel determines the form of tourism.
 Domestic tourism :
The travel by people, outside their normal domicile to other
areas within their own country constitutes domestic or internal
tourism.
 International tourism:
International tourism involves the movements of people
between different countries in the world.
 Intra-regional and inter-regional tourism:
Intra-regional tourism refers to tourist flows between countries
of the new region. Inter-regional tourism involves tourist flow
from one region to another country in another WTO region.

29.  Holiday tourism:
According to the purpose of the visit a broad
distinction is made between holiday business and
common interest tourism. Holiday takes many forms
such as:
1) recreational tourism
2) health tourism
3)sports tourism
4)cultural tourism the holiday tourists have a freedom
of choice about where to go and to a greater or lesser
extent when to go.

30.  Business travel:
Business travel refers to journeys undertaken in the
context of a person's professional activities. Business
travel is a valuable part of the tourism industry since
the business tourist is a higher spender than the
holiday maker. the business related tourism market
segment are broadly categorized under
a) regular business travel b) business travel related to
convention, conference and meetings c) incentive
travel.

31.  Common interest tourism:
Common interest tourism includes visitors who travel for
specific purpose and objectives other than that of holiday
and business .it includes visits of friends and relatives or for
study health religion and other miscellaneous purposes.
 Other forms of tourism:
Tourism is also distinguished according to the number of
people who participants in it. Some other form of tourism
are given below
a) individual tourism b) group tourism c) social tourism
d) youth tourism