The document explains active transport, a cellular process that moves materials against a concentration gradient, requiring energy from ATP. It details two main types of active transport: membrane pumps, such as the sodium-potassium pump, and vesicle transport, which includes endocytosis and exocytosis for larger substances. Endocytosis involves the intake of external materials, while exocytosis describes the release of contents outside the cell, playing crucial roles in cellular activities.

1. Active Transport
Active Transport
Cell Membrane Pumps
Cell Membrane Pumps
and Vesicle Transport
and Vesicle Transport

2. Active Transport
Active Transport
 Active transport
Active transport - movement of materials
- movement of materials
AGAINST the concentration gradient from
AGAINST the concentration gradient from
low concentration to high concentration
low concentration to high concentration
Requires the cell to use energy (ATP)
Requires the cell to use energy (ATP)
2 kinds:
2 kinds:
1. membrane pumps
1. membrane pumps
2. vesicle transports
2. vesicle transports

3. 1. Cell Membrane Pumps
1. Cell Membrane Pumps
Involve carrier proteins called
Involve carrier proteins called cell membrane
cell membrane
pumps to move materials against the
pumps to move materials against the
concentration
concentration (UP concentration gradient)
(UP concentration gradient)
Similar to the steps of facilitated transport.
Similar to the steps of facilitated transport.
Results in electrical impulses across nerve cells
Results in electrical impulses across nerve cells
Ex. Sodium-Potassium Pump
Ex. Sodium-Potassium Pump

4. 2. Vesicle Transport
2. Vesicle Transport
 Some substances (ex. Food) are
Some substances (ex. Food) are too BIG
too BIG
to pass through membrane
to pass through membrane
OR
OR
large quantities
large quantities need to pass through the cell
need to pass through the cell
 These situations use
These situations use vesicle transport
vesicle transport
 Two kinds
Two kinds
1.
1.Endocytosis
Endocytosis
2.
2.Exocytosis
Exocytosis

5. Endocytosis
Endocytosis
 Cells ingest external fluid, macromolecules &
Cells ingest external fluid, macromolecules &
large particles (including other cells)
large particles (including other cells)
 External materials are enclosed by part of the
External materials are enclosed by part of the
cell, forming a pouch
cell, forming a pouch
 The pouch pinches off cell membrane &
The pouch pinches off cell membrane &
becomes a membrane bound organelle called
becomes a membrane bound organelle called

 a
a vesicle
vesicle
 Vesicles can fuse with lysosomes to digests
Vesicles can fuse with lysosomes to digests
contents.
contents.
Two kinds of Endocytosis:
Two kinds of Endocytosis:
1.
1. Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis – movement of large particles or whole
– movement of large particles or whole
cells. *Possible feeding method, or a method of defense
cells. *Possible feeding method, or a method of defense
to destroy bacteria/viruses
to destroy bacteria/viruses
2.
2. Pinocytosis
Pinocytosis – transport of solutes or liquids
– transport of solutes or liquids

6. Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis
(cartoon animation)
(cartoon animation)
Pinocytosis
Pinocytosis
(cartoon animation)
(cartoon animation)

7. Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis
(taking place in cells under a microscope)
(taking place in cells under a microscope)

8. Endocytosis
Endocytosis

9. Exocytosis
Exocytosis (Reverse of endocytosis)
(Reverse of endocytosis)
 Vesicles in cytoplasm fuse with cell membrane and
Vesicles in cytoplasm fuse with cell membrane and
RELEASE their contents into the external
RELEASE their contents into the external
environment OUTSIDE the cell
environment OUTSIDE the cell
 Used to release large molecules such as proteins
Used to release large molecules such as proteins
packaged by the golgi apparatus
packaged by the golgi apparatus
 Used in nervous
Used in nervous
& endocrine system to
& endocrine system to
control activities in
control activities in
other cells.
other cells.

10. Exocytosis
Exocytosis

11. Endocytosis & Exocytosis
Endocytosis & Exocytosis

12. Endocytosis
Endocytosis
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