Cung cấp <a href="https://canhovietreal.com/thue-ban">căn hộ hạng sang</a> khu vực quận 6, đánh giá hạ tầng xung quanh dự án từ đó đưa ra kết quả tốt nhất cho khách hàng.
This publication provides a concise compilation of selected rules in the Eurocode 8, together with relevant Cyprus National Annex, that relate to the design of common forms of concrete building structure in the South Europe. It id offers a detail view of the design of steel framed buildings to the structural Eurocodes and includes a set of worked examples showing the design of structural elements with using software (CSI ETABS). It is intended to be of particular to the people who want to become acquainted with design to the Eurocodes. Rules from EN 1998-1-1 for global analysis, type of analysis and verification checks are presented. Detail design rules for steel composite beam, steel column, steel bracing and composite slab with steel sheeting from EN 1998-1-1, EN1993-1-1 and EN1994-1-1 are presented. This guide covers the design of orthodox members in steel frames. It does not cover design rules for regularities. Certain practical limitations are given to the scope.
Cung cấp <a href="https://canhovietreal.com/thue-ban">căn hộ hạng sang</a> khu vực quận 6, đánh giá hạ tầng xung quanh dự án từ đó đưa ra kết quả tốt nhất cho khách hàng.
This publication provides a concise compilation of selected rules in the Eurocode 8, together with relevant Cyprus National Annex, that relate to the design of common forms of concrete building structure in the South Europe. It id offers a detail view of the design of steel framed buildings to the structural Eurocodes and includes a set of worked examples showing the design of structural elements with using software (CSI ETABS). It is intended to be of particular to the people who want to become acquainted with design to the Eurocodes. Rules from EN 1998-1-1 for global analysis, type of analysis and verification checks are presented. Detail design rules for steel composite beam, steel column, steel bracing and composite slab with steel sheeting from EN 1998-1-1, EN1993-1-1 and EN1994-1-1 are presented. This guide covers the design of orthodox members in steel frames. It does not cover design rules for regularities. Certain practical limitations are given to the scope.
American Society of Civil Engineers
Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures
2010
--------------------------
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_*Canal en youtube de ingenieria civil_*
https://www.youtube.com/@IngenieriaEstructural7
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Manual de diseño para estructuras de acero con métodos de factores de resistencia y carga, contiene tabla de perfiles nacionales, americanos, europeos.
American Society of Civil Engineers
Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures
2010
--------------------------
Te invito a que visites mis sitios en internet:
_*Canal en youtube de ingenieria civil_*
https://www.youtube.com/@IngenieriaEstructural7
_*Blog de ingenieria civil*_
https://thejamez-one.blogspot.com
Manual de diseño para estructuras de acero con métodos de factores de resistencia y carga, contiene tabla de perfiles nacionales, americanos, europeos.
ASME B16.5 ASTM A105 material, it is including the chemical composition, physical properties, mechanical properties, heat treatment, hydrostatic tests, surface finish, corrosion protection, pipingpipeline.com could used to carbon steel forging flanges, it include WN flanges, blind flanges, slip on flanges, socket weld flanges, plate flanges, orifice flanges, threaded flanges, Spectacle flanges, tailor flanges.
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Can AI do good? at 'offtheCanvas' India HCI preludeAlan Dix
Invited talk at 'offtheCanvas' IndiaHCI prelude, 29th June 2024.
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The world is being changed fundamentally by AI and we are constantly faced with newspaper headlines about its harmful effects. However, there is also the potential to both ameliorate theses harms and use the new abilities of AI to transform society for the good. Can you make the difference?
Transforming Brand Perception and Boosting Profitabilityaaryangarg12
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The results underscore the pivotal role of cohesive branding, social media influence, and website usability in shaping positive brand perceptions, influencing consumer decisions, and ultimately bolstering sales and profitability. This paper provides actionable insights and strategic recommendations for businesses seeking to leverage branding, social media, and website design as potent tools to enhance their market position and financial success.
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3. TECHNICAL CORRECTION
February 2002
Process Industry Practices Page 1 of 9
Process Industry Practices
Structural
PIP STF05501
Fixed Ladders and Cages
Table of Contents
1. Introduction..................................2
1.1 Purpose ............................................. 2
1.2 Scope................................................. 2
2. References ...................................2
2.1 Process Industry Practices ................ 2
2.2 Industry Codes and Standards .......... 2
2.3 Government Regulations................... 3
3. Design...........................................3
List of Details
Side Elevation............................................ 4
Minimum Clearances at Unavoidable
Obstructions....................................... 4
Minimum Clearances for Ladder Wells
and Platforms .................................... 4
Section A-A - Step Through....................... 5
Detail 1 - Rung Detail................................. 5
Section B-B - Typical Cage........................ 6
Ladder Cage at Elevated Platform............. 6
Section C-C................................................ 6
Side-Step Ladders ..................................... 7
Section D-D - Cage at Side Step ............... 7
Detail 2 - Supporting Connection to
Concrete ............................................ 8
Detail 3 - Ladder Base Details ................... 8
Detail 4 - Supporting Connection to
Steel................................................... 9
Detail 5 - Guide Connection to Steel.......... 9
4. PIP STF05501 TECHNICAL CORECTION
Fixed Ladders and Cages February 2002
Page 2 of 9 Process Industry Practices
1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose
This Practice provides the fabricator and erector with a standard fixed ladder and
cage design to be used in process industry facilities. This Practice also provides
process industry companies with design guide information to be used in specifying
and locating fixed ladders and cages.
1.2 Scope
This Practice shows the design details for fabrication and installation of typical
Occupational Safety and Health Administration-regulated ladders for structures,
miscellaneous platforms, and vessels for regular operational access/egress.
These details are intended to be issued to the fabricators supplying these ladders and
to the erectors for use in installation.
Any conflicts or inconsistencies between this Practice, the design drawings, or other
contract documents shall be brought to the attention of the buyer for resolution.
2. References
Applicable requirements in the following PIP Practices, codes and standards, and
government regulations shall be considered an integral part of this Practice. The edition in
effect on the date of contract award shall be used, except as otherwise noted. Short titles will
be used herein when appropriate.
2.1 Process Industry Practices (PIP)
– PIP STS05120 - Fabrication of Structural and Miscellaneous Steel
– PIP STS05130 - Erection of Structural and Miscellaneous Steel
2.2 Industry Codes and Standards
• American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
– ANSI A14.3 - American National Standard for Ladders−Fixed−Safety
Requirements
• American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM)
– ASTM A36/A36M - Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel
– ASTM A123 - Standard Specification for Zinc (Hot Galvanized) Coatings on
Products Fabricated from Rolled, Pressed, and Forged Steel Shapes, Plates,
Bars, and Strips
– ASTM A307 - Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Externally Threaded
Standard Fasteners
– ASTM A385 -Standard Practices for Providing High-Quality Zinc Coatings
(Hot-Dip)
5. TECHNICAL CORRECTION PIP STF05501
February 2002 Fixed Ladders and Cages
Process Industry Practices Page 3 of 9
2.3 Government Regulations
The following government document has been used as a reference in the
development of this Practice.
• U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
– Regulations 29 CFR 1910 Subpart D (Walking-Working Surfaces)
Modifications or deviations from this Practice should be reviewed by appropriate
personnel to assure compliance with applicable safety regulations and requirements
by state or local agencies that have jurisdiction where the ladder is to be erected.
3. Design
3.1 The project design drawings and data sheets specify the ladder location and
orientation, whether or not a cage is required, special fabrication details, and any
changes to the requirements of this Practice. Unless noted otherwise on the contract
documents, a self-closing double bar safety gate, in conformance with OSHA, shall
be provided for all ladders.
3.2 All structural material shall be ASTM A36 steel unless otherwise noted.
3.3 The entire ladder shall be welded construction except as shown. All welds shall be
smooth, continuous, and sealed. Fabrication shall comply with PIP STS05120.
3.4 All ladder bolts shall be 5/8-inch (16-mm) ASTM A307 bolts unless otherwise noted.
3.5 Ladder rung design is based on a 200-pound (890-N) concentrated live load.
3.6 Ladder connections are designed for a maximum total load (dead plus live) of
1000 pounds (4.4 kN) on one side rail.
3.7 Cages shall be provided on ladders of more than 20 feet to a maximum unbroken
length of 30 feet, where the length of ladder refers to the vertical distance between
landings. Cages are also required on ladders less than 20 feet in length where the
ladder is located at an elevated platform that does not provide adequate fall
protection. Consideration of cage protection for these applications should be made in
the design process for each particular case. Ladder safety devices may be used in lieu
of the required cage protection.
3.8 Ladder assemblies shall be coated after fabrication in accordance with the design
drawings and specifications governing the project.
3.8.1 Galvanizing (when required) shall be done after fabrication and in
accordance with PIP STS05120.
3.9 Erection of ladders shall comply with PIP STS05130.