This document discusses high-frequency structure simulators introduced in the 1990s, focusing on tools for simulating complex 3D geometries using the finite element method. It details the features and applications of Agilent and Ansoft HFSS, including S-parameters calculation, advanced materials modeling, and various applications like antennas and microwave transitions. The document also outlines the procedure for simulating with HFSS and provides links to additional resources and references.

2. INTRODUCTION TO HIGHINTRODUCTION TO HIGH
FREQUENCY STRUCTUREFREQUENCY STRUCTURE
SIMULATORSIMULATOR

3. BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND
• Introduced from 90sIntroduced from 90s
• Simulation tool for complex 3 D geometriesSimulation tool for complex 3 D geometries
• Using Finite Element MethodUsing Finite Element Method
• Adaptive Mesh generation & refinementAdaptive Mesh generation & refinement
• 2 Main Vendors—Agilent & Ansoft2 Main Vendors—Agilent & Ansoft
• Merger from May 1Merger from May 1
• Transfer to Ansoft HFSS after Nov. 1, 2001Transfer to Ansoft HFSS after Nov. 1, 2001

4. REQUIREMENT & RESOURCESREQUIREMENT & RESOURCES
• HFSS consume tremendous memory if fine result is neededHFSS consume tremendous memory if fine result is needed
• 300M+ Memory and 400M+ processor is recommended300M+ Memory and 400M+ processor is recommended
• Floating License Key within ECEWIN2K subnetFloating License Key within ECEWIN2K subnet
• Remote access to new Scully which has 1 G RAMBUS400 Memory and 1.7G P4Remote access to new Scully which has 1 G RAMBUS400 Memory and 1.7G P4
processorprocessor

5. AGILENT HFSSAGILENT HFSS

6. ANSOFT HFSSANSOFT HFSS

7. FEATURES(1)FEATURES(1)
• Computes s-parameters and full-wave fields for arbitrarily-shaped 3D passiveComputes s-parameters and full-wave fields for arbitrarily-shaped 3D passive
structuresstructures
• Powerful drawing capabilities to simplify design entryPowerful drawing capabilities to simplify design entry
• Field solving engine with accuracy-driven adaptive solutionsField solving engine with accuracy-driven adaptive solutions
• Powerful post-processor for unprecedented insight into electrical performancePowerful post-processor for unprecedented insight into electrical performance

8. FEATURES(2)FEATURES(2)
• Advanced materialsAdvanced materials
• Model Library-including spiral inductorsModel Library-including spiral inductors
• Model half, quarter, or octet symmetryModel half, quarter, or octet symmetry
• Calculate far-field patternsCalculate far-field patterns
• Wideband fast frequency sweepWideband fast frequency sweep
• Create parameterized cross section models- 2D modelsCreate parameterized cross section models- 2D models

9. APPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONS
• AntennasAntennas
• Microwave transitionsMicrowave transitions
• Waveguide componentsWaveguide components
• RF filtersRF filters
• Three-dimensional discontinuitiesThree-dimensional discontinuities
• Passive circuit elementsPassive circuit elements

10. PROCEDURE TO SIMULATEPROCEDURE TO SIMULATE
1.1. Open or Make new projectOpen or Make new project
2.2. Draw objectsDraw objects
3.3. Assign material propertyAssign material property
4.4. Define boundary conditionsDefine boundary conditions
5.5. SolveSolve
6.6. Display resultDisplay result

11. NEW PROJECTNEW PROJECT

12. PROJECT PREFERENCESPROJECT PREFERENCES

13. DRAWING BASICSDRAWING BASICS

14. DRAWING LINES & 2 D OBJECTSDRAWING LINES & 2 D OBJECTS

15. DRAWING 3 D OBJECTSDRAWING 3 D OBJECTS

16. OBJECT LIBRARYOBJECT LIBRARY

17. EDITING OBJECTSEDITING OBJECTS

18. MATERIALSMATERIALS

19. METAL & RESISTORMETAL & RESISTOR

20. BOUNDARIESBOUNDARIES

21. BOUNDARY CONDITIONSBOUNDARY CONDITIONS

22. ADD A BOUNDARYADD A BOUNDARY

23. DISPLAY BOUNDARYDISPLAY BOUNDARY

24. CALIBRATING PORTSCALIBRATING PORTS

25. SOLVESOLVE

26. FREQUENCY & MESHINGFREQUENCY & MESHING

27. DISPLAYING RESULTSDISPLAYING RESULTS

28. S MATRIXS MATRIX

29. PLOT FIELDPLOT FIELD

30. RESULT COMPARISONRESULT COMPARISON
• r=8.5; Hsub=625 um; W=150um; G=75 umr=8.5; Hsub=625 um; W=150um; G=75 um
@10G Theoretical HFSS
L=100 um 0.04 nH 0.05 nH
L=300 um 0.12 nH 0.13 nH
L=600 um 0.24 nH 0.24 nH
L=800 um 0.33 nH 0.31 nH
0
0
0
L
L
Z jZ Tan L
Z Z
Z jZ Tan L
β
β
+
=
+
---Theoretical Equation

31. FINITE ELEMENT METHODFINITE ELEMENT METHOD
Tetrahedron

32. IMPEDANCE CONCEPTIMPEDANCE CONCEPT
• Zpi, Zpv & ZviZpi, Zpv & Zvi
• Microstrips use Zpi impedanceMicrostrips use Zpi impedance
• Slot-type (CPW) use Zpv impedanceSlot-type (CPW) use Zpv impedance
• TEM waves use Zvi impedanceTEM waves use Zvi impedance
*
2 1
; ;
2
P
Zpi P ExHds I Hdl
I I
= = =
× ∫ ∫Ñ Ñ
*
2
V V
Zpv
P
×
=
Zvi Zpi Zpv= ×

33. PROJECTS WITH HFSSPROJECTS WITH HFSS
• Microstrip Line to Waveguide TransitionMicrostrip Line to Waveguide Transition

34. EM FIELD OF THE TRANSITIONEM FIELD OF THE TRANSITION

35. WAVEGUIDE COMBINER SYSTEMWAVEGUIDE COMBINER SYSTEM

36. SLOTLINE ANTENNASLOTLINE ANTENNA

37. BONDING WIRE DISCONTINUITYBONDING WIRE DISCONTINUITY

38. PACKAGING FOR CPW LINESPACKAGING FOR CPW LINES

39. FIELD PLOTFIELD PLOT

40. USEFUL LINKSUSEFUL LINKS
• http://www.ansoft.comhttp://www.ansoft.com
• http://dutettq.et.tudelft.nl/~hfss/welcome.htmlhttp://dutettq.et.tudelft.nl/~hfss/welcome.html
• http://wwwinfo.cern.ch/ce/ae/Maxwell/index.htmlhttp://wwwinfo.cern.ch/ce/ae/Maxwell/index.html
• Documents for HP HFSS is in “Scully”Documents for HP HFSS is in “Scully”
c:/Otherprg/hfss/docc:/Otherprg/hfss/doc

41. REFERENCESREFERENCES
• HP High-Frequency Structure Simulator User’s ReferenceHP High-Frequency Structure Simulator User’s Reference
• HP High-Frequency Structure Simulator TutorialHP High-Frequency Structure Simulator Tutorial