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Lesson 6
受動態
Passive Forms
2. Grammar 受動態(Passive forms)
Red man punched Mr.
Manago.
→
Mr. Manago was punched
by Red man.
主語になる=主役になる=焦点が当たる
2.1 基本の情報
◎基本の形
They invited us to the party.
S V O
肯 S + be動詞 + 過去分詞
否 S + be動詞 + not + 過去分詞
疑 Be動詞 + S + 過去分詞?
Yes, S be. / No, S be not.
2.1 基本の情報
◎疑問詞の疑問文
Where was the party held?
疑問詞 + be動詞 + S + 過去分詞
Q.誰が招待されたの? は?
Who was invited to the party?
ちょっと発展編
Q. 誰によってあなたは招待された
の? は?
Who were you invited by?
By whom were you invited?
2.2 新しく習うところ
◎助動詞+受動態
そのまま。 S + 助動詞 + be + 過去分詞
意味は「~される+助動詞の意味」
His new movie will be released in May.
5月に公開されるだろう
This essay must be finished by tomorrow.
あしたまでに仕上げられないといけない
2.2 新しく習うところ
◎進行形の受動態、完了形の受動態
というか進行形も完了形も助動詞です
A new building is being built on the corner.
「いま建設されているところだ」
The wall has just been painted.
「たった今塗られたばかりだ」
2.2 新しく習うことのまとめ①
◎助動詞を含む受動態
can be 過去分詞 されることができる
may be 過去分詞 されるかもしれない
must be 過去分詞 ①されなければならない
②されるに違いない
should be 過去分詞 ①されるべきだ
②されるはずだ
will be 過去分詞
be going to be 過去分詞
されるだろう
されることになっている
be being 過去分詞 されているところだ
?
2.2 新しく習うこと
◎SVOOの受動態 難しく考えないで!
SVOO:目的語が2つある「SがO1にO2をVす
る」
Oを主語にするのが受動態なら、考えられる
文は二通りあるはず。。 次の2つの文を受
動態にできますか?
Tom gave Mary a present.
Tom bought Mary a ring.
◎SVOOの受動態 (give系動詞)
Tom gave Mary a present.
S V O1 O2
①Mary was given a present by Tom.
O1
②A present was given to Mary by Tom.
O2
◎SVOOの受動態 (buy系動詞)
Tom bought Mary a ring.
S V O1 O2
①Mary was given a ring by Tom.
O1
②A ring was bought for Mary by Tom.
O2
◎sayを使った受動態
It is said that~:that以下のことが(世間で)言わ
れ
ている
S is said to be~: Sは~だと言われている。
It is said that he is very rich.
He is said to be very rich.
He is said to have one million yen.
◎「群動詞」の受動態
群動詞??→Vision Quest p.402~
動詞+副詞、前置詞、名詞などがくっついて
「一つのまとまり」で動詞の働きをするやつら。
speak to 話しかける put off 延期する
take care of 世話をする など
A foreigner spoke to me this morning
→ I was spoken to by a foreigner this morning.
「一つのまとまり」なので一緒に移動する
(だけ)
◎ by 以外の前置詞を使う受動態
受動態 by 〇〇を使うのは:はっきり行為者が
わかる時・強調したい時
by 以外の前置詞を使う受動態は熟語として覚え
てしまったほうがいいかもしれない

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