SlideShare a Scribd company logo
Lesson 6
受動態
Passive Form
受動態①
受動態の意味と基本の形
「誰に~されたの?」疑問文
-by ○○っていつも使う?
受動態(Passive forms)
能動態
The red man punched Mr.
Manago.
受動態
Mr. Manago is punched by
the red man.
主語になる=主役になる=焦点が当たる
受動態の基本の形と意味
◎能動態の文で「目的語」だった語に焦点が当たる(主役になる)のが
受動態
They invited us to the party.
S V O
We were invited to the party by them.
肯 S + be動詞 + 過去分詞 (by~)
We were not invited to the party by them.
否 S + be動詞 + not + 過去分詞 (by ~)
Were we invited to the party by them?
-Yes, we were. No, we weren’t.
疑 Be動詞 + S + 過去分詞?
-Yes, S be. / No, S be not.
疑問詞を使った疑問文(基本)
The party was held in his house.
「どこでパーティが開かれたの?」は?
○疑問詞は疑問文の頭に
Where was the party held?
「誰がパーティに招待されたの?」は?
○誰(who)が主語・疑問詞として働く
Who was invited to the party?
疑問詞を使った疑問文(発展)
Q. 誰によってあなたはパーティに招待された
の? は?
Who were you invited to the
party by?
By whom were you invited to
the party?
-by ○○って必須なの?
受動態で-by○○が使われるのは、「動作主(する人)」が重要な時(=
わざわざ言いたいとき)だけ。
The window was broken.
The window was broken by him.
だから、以下の場合は –by○○を使わないことが多い。
①動作主が「一般の人々」の場合
German is spoken in Australia.
②動作主が明白な時
Mail is delivered every day.
③動作主がわからないか表しづらい
This building was built in 1995.
受動態②
助動詞+受動態
進行形の受動態
完了形の受動態
助動詞+受動態
S + 助動詞 + be + 過去分詞
意味は「~される+助動詞の意味」
This essay must be finished by tomorrow.
あしたまでに仕上げられないといけない
The fireworks can’t be seen from my house.
見られることができない(=見ることができない)
His new movie will be released in May.
5月に公開されるだろう
A new building is going to be build next year.
来年建設される予定だ
助動詞の基本の意味と使い方
はLesson 5(助動詞)を参照
進行形の受動態
進行形も完了形も助動詞(be, have)を使った表現。
A new building is being built on the corner.
S is being 過去分詞 「今~されているところだ」
もちろん過去進行形にしても構わない
The robot was being made at that time.
完了形の受動態
Don’t touch the wall. It has just been painted.
have(has) been 過去分詞
もちろん「完了」「経験」「継続」の用法あり
The TV had been repaired when I came home.
過去完了も
The tickets will have been sold out by the time I get there.
未来完了もある。
?
受動態③
SVOOの受動態
SVOCの受動態
その他の注意すべき表現
SVOOの受動態
難しく考えないで!
SVOO:目的語が2つある「SがO1にO2をVする」
Oを主語にするのが受動態なら、考えられる文は二
通りあるはず。 次の2つの文を受動態にできます
か?
Tom gave Mary a present.
Tom bought Mary a ring.
◎SVOOの受動態 (give系動詞)
Tom gave Mary a present.
S V O1 O2
①Mary was given a present by Tom.
O1
②A present was given to Mary by Tom.
O2
◎SVOOの受動態 (buy系動詞)
Tom bought Mary a ring.
S V O1 O2
①Mary was bought a ring by Tom.
O1 ※正しいけどあんまり使わない
②A ring was bought for Mary by Tom.
O2
寄り道:前置詞to・forの使い方
give 物 to 人 など、前置詞toを使う動詞
lend, pass, tell, write, send, hand, show, teach…
buy 物 for 人 など、前置詞forを使う動詞
make, get, find, choose, cook, sing,
toは「物の移動」に焦点。
forは「~の利益になること」に焦点。
toは「物理的・心理的に動作主が所有しているものが移動する」
forは必ずしも物の移動が伴わない、動作主が所有していないもの
SVOCの受動態
He named his baby Alice.
を受動態にできますか?
His baby was named Alice by him.
S be P.P C
動詞の固まり(VP)
受動態を使って「報告する表現」
◎sayを使った受動態
It is said that~:that以下のことが(世間で)言
われている
S is said to be~: Sは~だと言われている。
It is said that he is very rich.
He is said to be very rich.
He is said to have one million yen.
「群動詞」の受動態
群動詞??→Lesson2 文型と動詞で解説。
動詞+副詞、前置詞、名詞などがくっついて
「一つのまとまり」で動詞の働きをするやつら
speak to 話しかける put off 延期する
take care of 世話をする など
A foreigner spoke to me this morning.
→ I was spoken to by a foreigner this morning.
「一つのまとまり」なので、一つの動詞として一緒に移動する
(だけ)
S + be + P.P by○○じゃないとき?
• ①The road is covered with snow.
• ②We were surprised at the news.
• ③He was injrued in last night's game.
• ④She is married to a colleague.
by以外の前置詞が使う時、前置詞のあとに来るのは「動作主」
というよりも、「原因、理由、手段、材料、適用範囲」など。
-by ○○って必須なの?
受動態で-by○○が使われるのは、「動作主(する人)」が重要な時(=
わざわざ言いたいとき)だけ。
The window was broken.
The window was broken by him.
だから、以下の場合は –by○○を使わないことが多い。
①動作主が「一般の人々」の場合
German is spoken in Australia.
②動作主が明白な時
Mail is delivered every day.
③動作主がわからないか表しづらい
This building was built in 1995.

More Related Content

More from Kazuya Manago

200430 10 relative pronouns
200430 10 relative pronouns200430 10 relative pronouns
200430 10 relative pronouns
Kazuya Manago
 
200430 9 participles
200430 9 participles200430 9 participles
200430 9 participles
Kazuya Manago
 
200429 8 verbal nouns
200429 8 verbal nouns200429 8 verbal nouns
200429 8 verbal nouns
Kazuya Manago
 
200428 7 infinitives
200428 7 infinitives200428 7 infinitives
200428 7 infinitives
Kazuya Manago
 
200423 auxiliary verbs
200423 auxiliary verbs200423 auxiliary verbs
200423 auxiliary verbs
Kazuya Manago
 
200421 4 perfective
200421 4 perfective200421 4 perfective
200421 4 perfective
Kazuya Manago
 
200420 tense and aspect
200420 tense and aspect200420 tense and aspect
200420 tense and aspect
Kazuya Manago
 
200416 2 sentence patterns
200416 2 sentence patterns200416 2 sentence patterns
200416 2 sentence patterns
Kazuya Manago
 
200416 2 sentence patterns
200416 2 sentence patterns200416 2 sentence patterns
200416 2 sentence patterns
Kazuya Manago
 
200415 11 comparative and superlative
200415 11 comparative and superlative200415 11 comparative and superlative
200415 11 comparative and superlative
Kazuya Manago
 
200414 12 subjunctive mood
200414 12 subjunctive mood200414 12 subjunctive mood
200414 12 subjunctive mood
Kazuya Manago
 
200415 11 comparative and superlative
200415 11 comparative and superlative200415 11 comparative and superlative
200415 11 comparative and superlative
Kazuya Manago
 
200415 1 sentence types
200415 1 sentence types200415 1 sentence types
200415 1 sentence types
Kazuya Manago
 
191209 how to translate j to e
191209 how to translate j to e191209 how to translate j to e
191209 how to translate j to e
Kazuya Manago
 
11 lesson 11 comparatives and superlatives
11 lesson 11 comparatives and superlatives11 lesson 11 comparatives and superlatives
11 lesson 11 comparatives and superlatives
Kazuya Manago
 
12 lesson12 subjunctive mood
12 lesson12 subjunctive mood12 lesson12 subjunctive mood
12 lesson12 subjunctive mood
Kazuya Manago
 
7 lesson 7 infinitives
7 lesson 7 infinitives7 lesson 7 infinitives
7 lesson 7 infinitives
Kazuya Manago
 
6 lesson 6 passives
6 lesson 6 passives6 lesson 6 passives
6 lesson 6 passives
Kazuya Manago
 
10 lesson 10 relative clause
10 lesson 10 relative clause10 lesson 10 relative clause
10 lesson 10 relative clause
Kazuya Manago
 
9 lesson 9 participles
9 lesson 9 participles9 lesson 9 participles
9 lesson 9 participles
Kazuya Manago
 

More from Kazuya Manago (20)

200430 10 relative pronouns
200430 10 relative pronouns200430 10 relative pronouns
200430 10 relative pronouns
 
200430 9 participles
200430 9 participles200430 9 participles
200430 9 participles
 
200429 8 verbal nouns
200429 8 verbal nouns200429 8 verbal nouns
200429 8 verbal nouns
 
200428 7 infinitives
200428 7 infinitives200428 7 infinitives
200428 7 infinitives
 
200423 auxiliary verbs
200423 auxiliary verbs200423 auxiliary verbs
200423 auxiliary verbs
 
200421 4 perfective
200421 4 perfective200421 4 perfective
200421 4 perfective
 
200420 tense and aspect
200420 tense and aspect200420 tense and aspect
200420 tense and aspect
 
200416 2 sentence patterns
200416 2 sentence patterns200416 2 sentence patterns
200416 2 sentence patterns
 
200416 2 sentence patterns
200416 2 sentence patterns200416 2 sentence patterns
200416 2 sentence patterns
 
200415 11 comparative and superlative
200415 11 comparative and superlative200415 11 comparative and superlative
200415 11 comparative and superlative
 
200414 12 subjunctive mood
200414 12 subjunctive mood200414 12 subjunctive mood
200414 12 subjunctive mood
 
200415 11 comparative and superlative
200415 11 comparative and superlative200415 11 comparative and superlative
200415 11 comparative and superlative
 
200415 1 sentence types
200415 1 sentence types200415 1 sentence types
200415 1 sentence types
 
191209 how to translate j to e
191209 how to translate j to e191209 how to translate j to e
191209 how to translate j to e
 
11 lesson 11 comparatives and superlatives
11 lesson 11 comparatives and superlatives11 lesson 11 comparatives and superlatives
11 lesson 11 comparatives and superlatives
 
12 lesson12 subjunctive mood
12 lesson12 subjunctive mood12 lesson12 subjunctive mood
12 lesson12 subjunctive mood
 
7 lesson 7 infinitives
7 lesson 7 infinitives7 lesson 7 infinitives
7 lesson 7 infinitives
 
6 lesson 6 passives
6 lesson 6 passives6 lesson 6 passives
6 lesson 6 passives
 
10 lesson 10 relative clause
10 lesson 10 relative clause10 lesson 10 relative clause
10 lesson 10 relative clause
 
9 lesson 9 participles
9 lesson 9 participles9 lesson 9 participles
9 lesson 9 participles
 

200424 6 passive form