The document discusses the 5Rs - repair, reuse, recycle, reduce, and recover - as strategies to minimize waste. Repair involves fixing broken items to reuse them. Reuse means using items for their original purpose or a new one, like donating old clothes. Recycle is processing waste materials into new products, like recycling paper, plastics, and metals. Reduce is lessening unnecessary material use by actions like bringing reusable bags and avoiding impulse purchases. Recover converts non-reusable waste into energy through incineration.