58,59,60 Where is smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) especially abun.pdf
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58,59,60 Where is smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) especially abundant? brain. liver. heart. lungs. skin. What is the function of the tonoplast? A Provides channels for maintaining fluid balance Protein synthesis Photosynthesis Cell division Storage of genetic information Which is involved in crawling, \"pinching\' extensions? Microtubules. Intermediates. Actin. None of the above. All of the above. Solution 58.Where is Smooth Enddoplasmic reticulum (SER) especially abundant? ANS-B. Liver (abundant in mamalian liver and gonads cells) 59.What is the function of the tonoplast? ANS- A.Provides channels for maintaining fluid balance (tonoplast is a stretchy membrane and it function to separate the fluid filled vacuole from surrrounding cytoplasm.water flowing in and out of the vacuole is regulated by tonoplast) 60.Which is involved in crawling \"pinching\" extensions? ANS-C. Actin (microfilaments or actin is responsible for cellular movements such as contraction,crawling,\"pinching\" during division,and formation of cellular extension).
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4 q periodic exam reviewer (answers to d. t. crisologo's guide questions)
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Urinary system
Hope this will help you in studying! :) because you used this, you are obliged to do the same, to upload publicly so that others will have an easy way on researching for their school works! keep up the good work studes! Goodluck!
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4 q periodic exam reviewer (answers to d. t. crisologo's guide questions)
Answers to Ma'am Dawn's GQs
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Hope this will help you in studying! :) because you used this, you are obliged to do the same, to upload publicly so that others will have an easy way on researching for their school works! keep up the good work studes! Goodluck!
Tissue Level of OrganizationSimple Squamous Epithelia
Tissue Level of Organization
Simple Squamous Epithelia
Simple Columnar Epithelia
Psuedostratified Columnar Epithelia
Stratified Columnar Epithelia
Glandular Epithelia Glandular Epithelia
Fluid Connective Tissues
Blood and Lymph
Cartilage Bone
Skeletal Muscle Tissue Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Smooth Muscle Tissue Nervous Tissue
Neurons and Glia
Nervous Tissue
Response to Tissue Injury
Inflammation and Regeneration
Summary
Cellular Level of Organization Cell Theory
Cell Theory
The Plasma Membrane
Ribosomes
Responsible for Protein Synthesis
Associated with Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Lacks ribosomes and are tubular
Golgi Apparatus
The Packaging Center
Mitochondria
The Powerhouses of the Cell
The Nucleus
Contains Nucleic Acids
• Transcription
– mRNA production
• Translation
– tRNA reads mRNA at
ribosome
– Strand of amino acids
is formed
Protein Synthesis
DNA, Enzymes, and RNA
Transcription
Translation
Transcription Transcription
Translation
G C C U U A A G CA G C A U G A G C G C C
T C G T A C T C G C G G T A A T C G G A A T T C G
A G C A U G A G C G C C A U U A G C C U U A A G C
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Transcription
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Exon Intron Exon
A G C A T G A G C G C C A T T A G C C T T A A G C
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Code
Template
DNA
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Processed mRNA
Translation-- -- -- -- -- ---- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
(amino acids)
_______--_______--_______--_______--_______--_______ Finished Protein
(anti-codon)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
(codons)
1)
2)
3)
4)
The Great DNA to Protein Trek
AAU UCGUAC
MET
MET
CGG
ALA
ALA
CGG
ALA
ALA
UCG
SER
SER
SER
SER
LEU
LEU
Cell Life Cycle
Abnormal Cell Growth Abnormal Cell Growth Abnormal Cell Growth
New Direction in
Cancer Treatment
27
The Tissue Level of Organization
Objectives
• Identify the structure and function of the four major tissue types.
• Be able to identify each of the major tissue types and subtypes using light
microscopy.
• Describe how injury and aging affect tissues.
Tissues of the Body
Tissues: collections of specialized cells with specific functions.
Histology: the study of tissues.
• There are 4 basic types of tissues:
1. Epithelial tissue covers surfaces exposed to the environment (skin,
airways, digestive tracts, glands)
simple and stratified
squamous, cuboidal columnar
psuedostratified, transitional
2. Connective tissue fills internal spaces, supports other tissues, transports
materials and stores energy.
Connective Tissue Proper: Loose CT Proper, Dense CT Proper
Blood, lymph, adipose, bone, cartilage (hyaline, elastic,
fibrocartilage),
3. Muscle tissue is specialized for contraction (skeletal muscle, cardiac
muscle, smooth muscle).
4. Neural tissu ...
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Congestive heart failure is a common condition. What would be an ini.pdf
Congestive heart failure is a common condition. What would be an initial investigation which
points to the possibility of congestive heart failure, and which then may lead to blood tests, and
further diagnostic measures?
Solution
Shortness of breath is observed with left side myocardial pain (left hand side) due to shortage of
oxygen (hypoxia mediated iscahemia, myocardial infarction) supply to the heart muscles result
in increased rate of breathing. This can be initially observed with \"leg swelling (because cardiac
output decreases during myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure)\" due to peripheral
edema followed by \"rales or crackles\" primarily can be heard in the lung bases. These are the
events followed by examining patient for blood tests and ECG etc performed.
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is the inability of heart to pump adequate blood according to
body demands. Hypertension and coronary heart disease are the most common reasons of heart
failure..
How many binary digits are needed to create 1024 combinationsA. 8.pdf
How many binary digits are needed to create 1024 combinations?
A. 8
B. 9
C. 10
D. 11
Solution
C is correct. Ten binary digits provide 1024 combinations (210 = 1024).
A, B, and D are incorrect. A is not correct because eight binary digits provide 256 combinations
(28 = 256). B is not correct because nine binary digits provide 512 combinations (29 = 512). D is
not correct because 11 binary digits provide 2048 combinations (211 = 2048)..
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Tissue Level of OrganizationSimple Squamous Epithelia
Tissue Level of Organization
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Psuedostratified Columnar Epithelia
Stratified Columnar Epithelia
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Fluid Connective Tissues
Blood and Lymph
Cartilage Bone
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• Translation
– tRNA reads mRNA at
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G C C U U A A G CA G C A U G A G C G C C
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Messenger RNA (mRNA)
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-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Exon Intron Exon
A G C A T G A G C G C C A T T A G C C T T A A G C
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Code
Template
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Objectives
• Identify the structure and function of the four major tissue types.
• Be able to identify each of the major tissue types and subtypes using light
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• Describe how injury and aging affect tissues.
Tissues of the Body
Tissues: collections of specialized cells with specific functions.
Histology: the study of tissues.
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1. Epithelial tissue covers surfaces exposed to the environment (skin,
airways, digestive tracts, glands)
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squamous, cuboidal columnar
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muscle, smooth muscle).
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Congestive heart failure is a common condition. What would be an ini.pdf
Congestive heart failure is a common condition. What would be an initial investigation which
points to the possibility of congestive heart failure, and which then may lead to blood tests, and
further diagnostic measures?
Solution
Shortness of breath is observed with left side myocardial pain (left hand side) due to shortage of
oxygen (hypoxia mediated iscahemia, myocardial infarction) supply to the heart muscles result
in increased rate of breathing. This can be initially observed with \"leg swelling (because cardiac
output decreases during myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure)\" due to peripheral
edema followed by \"rales or crackles\" primarily can be heard in the lung bases. These are the
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body demands. Hypertension and coronary heart disease are the most common reasons of heart
failure..
How many binary digits are needed to create 1024 combinationsA. 8.pdf
How many binary digits are needed to create 1024 combinations?
A. 8
B. 9
C. 10
D. 11
Solution
C is correct. Ten binary digits provide 1024 combinations (210 = 1024).
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How does convection differ from conductionA) In convection, magnet.pdf
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C) Convection is independent of pressure, whereas conduction is not.
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Solution
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Circle ALL (if any) applicable terms for the events described.1.pdf
Circle ALL (if any) applicable terms for the events described.
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13. picking a fruit-flavored or primary colored bean.
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between successive energy levels increases as the energy increases.
Solution
1) true. It can be explained by time dilation.
2) False. He sees Ed\'s clock run more quickly.
3) true.
4) true.
Explain why the notochord is an evolutionary advacement. (what is a .pdf
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Solution
A notochord is a primitive beginning to the backbone. It appears in embryos as a small flexible
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Notochords are only found in the phylum chordata, a group of animals that includes humans. In
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why the notochord is an evolutionary advacement -
In vertebrates, the notochord arises from the dorsal organiser. Originally identified by Spemann
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a second embryonic axis, while only contributing to notochord and prechordal mesendoderm . In
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The first major transition is from dorsal organiser to chordamesoderm. During early gastrula
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Describe 5 factors that could affect the quality of building and con.pdf
Describe 5 factors that could affect the quality of building and construction projects.
Solution
1)Project Manager Competence:
Extracted success factors attributes mainly on coordinating the ability and rapport of the PM, the
trust imposed in the project team by the delegating authority to project team members, the
technical capability, positive attitude and leadership. A project manager is the key person at the
site who, within a set of guidelines kept in place by the top management, allocates resources and
makes policy decisions at site level. Sometimes mere involvement of a project manager in site
activities can lift the morale of team members and they start working with full zeal and
enthusiasm to achieve the desired quality level.A competent manager organizes resources
through constant persuasion with his or her higher ups; takes active part in construction control
meetings held at site level; acts as a catalyst in training the human resources in the skill
demanded by the project; and he or she makes their people committed to the project through
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2)Top Management Support
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issues. It is the top management’s prerogative to set all the policy issues (including quality
policy) and control resources. In addition, top management arrange training of human resources
involved in the project and they have a big role to play in identifying the project manager. Top
management support practically becomes the most important of all factors. It can be seen that top
management controls all the key factors and hence their support is highly desired for the quality
compliance.
3)Monitoring and Feedback by Project Participants
Two main attributes emerging in this factor explain the predominant aspects of monitoring and
feedback. Since the other attributes appear as a combination, this factor is named after
Monitoring and Feedback. Proper monitoring and timely feedback help in controlling the
workmanship and they enhance the quality of a project. If each part of the activity of a project is
monitored effectively and instances of poor workmanship and improper usage of resources – be
it material, labor or plant and machinery – are reported promptly, it aids in achieving the desired
quality level. Committed participants would stick to the quality plan and they would follow the
accepted technical practices to carry out the different project activities.
4)Interaction among Project Participants
Any project involves interaction among different project participants. The participants include
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members, such as different subcontractors and vendors. Most of the activities require proper
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An anayzer is a device used to a. measure or control flow, temperatur.pdf
An anayzer is a device used to a. measure or control flow, temperature, level, or pressure b.
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measure temperature changes in relationship to electrical resistance c. a device used to measure
physical and chemical compositions d. a device designed to alert operators when a process
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variables d. a set of devices used to transmit one form of energy into another
Solution
1)B
2)B
3)A
4)A
5)B
6)D
7)B
8)C.
Can someone explain why the correct answer is D and while the other .pdf
Can someone explain why the correct answer is D and while the other answers are wrong please.
F. Bossuyt, M. C. Milinkovitch. Amphibians as indicators of early tertiary \"out-of-India\"
dispersal of vertebrates. Science 292, 93 (2001) This tree depicts inferred relationships among
some major frog groups with branches drawn proportional to absolute time. Error bars on
internal nodes depict confidence intervals on the dates of estimated nodes. Assuming this tree
and the associated ages are correct which of the following statements is true? No individual
living before 70 million years ago is an ancestor of Raninae Raninae and Dicroglossinae shared
a common ancestor about 75 million years ago The divergence of Raninae and Nyctibatrachinae
occurred more recently than the 85 million year old separation of India from Madagascar The
last common ancestor of Micrixalinae and Dicroglossinae lived before India and Madagascar
separated (85 million years ago)
Solution
The separation of the Madagascar and India-Seychelles landmasses was initiated by a mantle
plume generating large quantities of basaltic magma that quickly formed an obstacle for faunal
interchange.
Rhacophorine tree frogs, which radiated almost exclusively in the Oriental realm into about 300
species dispersed out of India. The only African rhacophorine genus (Chiromantis, not included
in our analyses) was shown to be nested well within this Asian clade, so it must have reached
Africa over land. Raninae (including the genus Rana) currently have a cosmopolitan distribution
(except for southern South America and most of Australia). These analyses indicate lineage
originated on the drifting insular block and radiated into more than 200 species, probably after its
“out-of-India” dispersal . Consistent with this scenario, the earliest known European fossils of
the genus Rana are only of Oligocene age (24 to 34 Ma), whereas much older fossils would
likely have been found if the lineage originated in Africa or Eurasia. The Dicroglossinae form a
third out-of-India lineage. They experienced their main radiation on Asia, and only a limited
number of members (e.g., Hoplobatrachus) reached Africa.
Because various lineages of ranid frogs originated between 130 and 88 Ma, it is likely that
several of them were present on Madagascar when it broke up from the IndiaSeychelles
landmass. Although fossils of ranids have not been found from the Latest Cretaceous of
Madagascar, the importance of this negative evidence is difficult to evaluate given that the
Madagascan fossil frog record from that period is extremely poor and is restricted to a
northwestern site of the island.This divergencetime analyses here indicate that Mantellinae
experienced their initial radiation on Madagascar around the K-T boundary. Madagascan
representatives of other lineages experienced either competitive take-overs or, more probably,
extinction or opportunistic replacements associated with global or local crises. The absence of
extant .
At what layer of the OSI model would you find framingA. Transport.pdf
At what layer of the OSI model would you find framing?
A. Transport
B. Network
C. Data Link
D. Physical
Solution
C is correct. The Data Link layer is responsible for encapsulation, framing, media access, and
physical addressing.
A, B, and D are incorrect. A is incorrect because the Transport layer is responsible for
segmentation, flow control, and reliable end-to-end data delivery. B is incorrect because the
Network layer is responsible for logical addressing and routing. D is incorrect because the
Physical layer is responsible for encoding bits onto the media..
You get a call from a home computer user saying her computer is very.pdf
You get a call from a home computer user saying her computer is very slow today and both the
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A. Her computer has been compromised and is being used as a zombie.
B. She is sending an excessive number of e-mails to friends and family.
C. Her computer is infected with a dialer.
D. Her computer is being subjected to a phishing attack.
Solution
A. It’s likely that her computer has been compromised by a rootkit or other malware that is using
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Trace the path the red blood cell would take as it travels between the right pollex to the left
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Solution
The blood starts with
Digital veins----> Cephalic vein-----> Right and left brachiocephalic veins----> Superior vena
cava----> Right atrium of the heart----->Right ventricle of the heart-----> pulmonary artery----->
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-->Left atrium of the heart----> Left ventricle of the heart---->aorta
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Which of the following represents a difference between viruses and viroids? Viruses infect
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composed of protein, whereas viroids have no capsids. Viruses contain introns; viroids have
only exons. Viruses always have genomes composed of DNA, whereas viroids always have
genomes composed of RNA. Viruses cannot pass through plasmodesmata, viroids can. What is
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organic matter. metabolizing materials in extreme environments. adding methane to the
atmosphere. serving as primary producers in terrestrial environments. SARS is associated with
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material is isolated from a nerve cell. It contains protein with Amino acid sequences identical to
the host protein but no nucleic acids. It belongs to the group Archaea. Prions Toxin producers
Viroids Sporoformers
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47) B)Viruses have capsids composed of proteins while viroids don\'t have this protein coat or
capsid.
Both viruses and viroids can infect many cells, Viruses have exons, genome of viruses are
composed of DNA and Rna both.
48) B) Primary role of prokaryotes is breaking down organic matter. Prokaryotes like bacteria
and cyanobacteria, break down the complex organic matter to utilize energy from them into
smaller particles.
49) C SARS is associated with coronavirus. Coronaviruses primarily infect the upper respiratory
and gastrointestinal tract in birds and mammals.
50) B Prions.Prions are infectious agents having only proteins but no nucleic acid and can cause
neurodegenerative diseases in mammals.
What is Impact Factor Derive a relationship between static and Dynam.pdf
What is Impact Factor? Derive a relationship between static and Dynamic Deflection (delta and
delta st) and Equaivalent Static Force (Fe) and static loading due to weight of part (W) in a
member subjected to tensile loading.
Solution
The impact factor (IF) of an academic journal is a measure reflecting the average number of
citations to recent articles published in that journal. It is frequently used as a proxy for the
relative importance of a journal within its field, with journals with higher impact factors deemed
to be more important than those with lower ones. The impact factor was devised by Eugene
Garfield, the founder of the Institute for Scientific Information. Impact factors are calculated
yearly starting from 1975 for those journals that are indexed in the Journal Citation Reports..
What happens when a non-native species (plant or animal) is introduc.pdf
What happens when a non-native species (plant or animal) is introduced into a new
environment? Give ONE example and thoroughly explain, citing references.
Solution
Answer= The relocation of organisms across geological boundries occurs naturally by various
means
Some species may be introduced & not be able to survive in new environment & their
populations sour
e.g. lack of predators may contribute to their rapid population increases
Introduced species have pronouced effects on their new ecosystem called as invasive species
these effects includes
1] outcompeting native species
2] causing native species extinction
3] Altering ecosystem functioning
Example- Brown snake tree(Boiga irregularis ) is an invasive that has tought scientist much
about impact of introduced species on islands
The ivvasion has created significant ecological problems
It is an aggressive predator
causing extinction of local species
has impact on human health
Citing reference.
What are the techniques used in nanomanifacturing What are th.pdf
What are the techniques used in nanomanifacturing ?
What are the techniques used in nanomanifacturing ?
Solution
Manufacturing at the nanoscale is known as nanomanufacturing. Nanomanufacturing involves
scaled-up, reliable, and cost-effective manufacturing of nanoscale materials, structures, devices,
and systems. It also includes research, development, and integration of top-down processes and
increasingly complex bottom-up or self-assembly processes.
In more simple terms, nanomanufacturing leads to the production of improved materials and new
products. As mentioned above, there are two basic approaches to nanomanufacturing, either top-
down or bottom-up. Top-down fabrication reduces large pieces of materials all the way down to
the nanoscale, like someone carving a model airplane out of a block of wood. This approach
requires larger amounts of materials and can lead to waste if excess material is discarded. The
bottom-up approach to nanomanufacturing creates products by building them up from atomic-
and molecular-scale components, which can be time-consuming. Scientists are exploring the
concept of placing certain molecular-scale components together that will spontaneously “self-
assemble,” from the bottom up into ordered structures.
Within the top-down and bottom-up categories of nanomanufacturing, there are a growing
number of new processes (techniques) that enable nanomanufacturing. Among these are:.
What is the definition of hybrid system Could you give an example o.pdf
What is the definition of hybrid system? Could you give an example of one?
Solution
A Hybrid System is determined as an environment be of both Electronic and Paper-based
Records. A very frequent example of a Hybrid System is one in which the system user devolep
an electronic record using a computer-based system and then is necessitate to sign that record as
per the affirm Rules. So the system does not have an electronic signature option, so the user has
to print out the report and sign the paper copy. Now he has an electronic record and a paper or
handwritten signature. The system has an electronic and a paper component, so by this the term
come as hybrid..
Using the phylogeny shown, which of the following is a shared derived.pdf
Using the phylogeny shown, which of the following is a shared derived character for the
leopard? A. Hair B. Four walking legs C. Vertebral column D. Hinged jaws E. Amnion
Solution
A derived character is an advanced trait that only apperas in some members os an evolunary
group. For example derived character is the loss of tail, a trait that first appered in an ancestor of
apes and man.
From the above question, \"E\".Aminion. is the derived character..
The systemic circuit delivers oxygenated blood to _ and returns blo.pdf
The systemic circuit delivers oxygenated blood to _ and returns blood to the body organs right
atrium lungs right atrium D body organs, left atrium All of vessel names below refer to both an
artery and a vein except the femoral. gonadal axillary. basilica. The common iliac artery
branches off of the inferior vena cava. abdominal aorta. thoracic aorta. celiac trunk. pulmonary
trunk. After entering arm, the artery becomes the axillary radial artery. ulnar brachial subclavian
the vein is a superficial vein that ascends along the medial side of the forearm. radial ulnar
cephalic basilica brachial
Solution
4]
The systematic circuit delivers oxygenated blood to body organ and returns blood to the right
atrium
Systemic circulation carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle, through the arteries, to the
capillaries in the tissues of the body. From the tissue capillaries, the deoxygenated blood returns
through a system of veins to the right atrium of the heart
5]
All of the vessel name below refer to both an artery and vein except basilic
6]
The common iliac artery branches off of the celiac trunk
7]
After entering the arm the axillary artery becomes the brachial artery
8]
The basilic vein is a superficial vein that ascends along the medial side of the forearm
Basilic is a large superficial vein of the upper limb that helps drain parts of the hand and forearm.
Categories. Use the .05 significance levelWhat is the null hypothe.pdf
Categories. Use the .05 significance level
What is the null hypothesis?
1.) m1=m2
2.) m2=m3
3.) m1=m3
4.) m1=m2=m3
Solution
The null hypothesis for any one-way anova will be
OPTION 4: u1 = u2 = u3 [ANSWER]
******************
It is more appropriate to use u (mu) instead of m because m will be a sample mean, but we
always involve population means in null hypotheses. Anyway, it is still option 4..
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