You get a call from a home computer user saying her computer is very.pdf

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You get a call from a home computer user saying her computer is very slow today and both the NIC status light on the computer and the Internet status light on her DSL modem have been extremely active. What do you suspect? A. Her computer has been compromised and is being used as a zombie. B. She is sending an excessive number of e-mails to friends and family. C. Her computer is infected with a dialer. D. Her computer is being subjected to a phishing attack. Solution A. It’s likely that her computer has been compromised by a rootkit or other malware that is using the computer as a “zombie,” which is a computer that is part of a large collection of compromised computers being used as spam relays or as part of a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack on a host on the Internet..

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Can someone explain why the correct answer is D and while the other answers are wrong please. F. Bossuyt, M. C. Milinkovitch. Amphibians as indicators of early tertiary \"out-of-India\" dispersal of vertebrates. Science 292, 93 (2001) This tree depicts inferred relationships among some major frog groups with branches drawn proportional to absolute time. Error bars on internal nodes depict confidence intervals on the dates of estimated nodes. Assuming this tree and the associated ages are correct which of the following statements is true? No individual living before 70 million years ago is an ancestor of Raninae Raninae and Dicroglossinae shared a common ancestor about 75 million years ago The divergence of Raninae and Nyctibatrachinae occurred more recently than the 85 million year old separation of India from Madagascar The last common ancestor of Micrixalinae and Dicroglossinae lived before India and Madagascar separated (85 million years ago) Solution The separation of the Madagascar and India-Seychelles landmasses was initiated by a mantle plume generating large quantities of basaltic magma that quickly formed an obstacle for faunal interchange. Rhacophorine tree frogs, which radiated almost exclusively in the Oriental realm into about 300 species dispersed out of India. The only African rhacophorine genus (Chiromantis, not included in our analyses) was shown to be nested well within this Asian clade, so it must have reached Africa over land. Raninae (including the genus Rana) currently have a cosmopolitan distribution (except for southern South America and most of Australia). These analyses indicate lineage originated on the drifting insular block and radiated into more than 200 species, probably after its “out-of-India” dispersal . Consistent with this scenario, the earliest known European fossils of the genus Rana are only of Oligocene age (24 to 34 Ma), whereas much older fossils would likely have been found if the lineage originated in Africa or Eurasia. The Dicroglossinae form a third out-of-India lineage. They experienced their main radiation on Asia, and only a limited number of members (e.g., Hoplobatrachus) reached Africa. Because various lineages of ranid frogs originated between 130 and 88 Ma, it is likely that several of them were present on Madagascar when it broke up from the IndiaSeychelles landmass. Although fossils of ranids have not been found from the Latest Cretaceous of Madagascar, the importance of this negative evidence is difficult to evaluate given that the Madagascan fossil frog record from that period is extremely poor and is restricted to a northwestern site of the island.This divergencetime analyses here indicate that Mantellinae experienced their initial radiation on Madagascar around the K-T boundary. Madagascan representatives of other lineages experienced either competitive take-overs or, more probably, extinction or opportunistic replacements associated with global or local crises. The absence of extant .

Can someone explain why the correct answer is D and while the other .pdf

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At what layer of the OSI model would you find framing? A. Transport B. Network C. Data Link D. Physical Solution C is correct. The Data Link layer is responsible for encapsulation, framing, media access, and physical addressing. A, B, and D are incorrect. A is incorrect because the Transport layer is responsible for segmentation, flow control, and reliable end-to-end data delivery. B is incorrect because the Network layer is responsible for logical addressing and routing. D is incorrect because the Physical layer is responsible for encoding bits onto the media..

At what layer of the OSI model would you find framingA. Transport.pdf

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Trace the path the red blood cell would take as it travels between the right pollex to the left ankle. Include all chambers, valves, and vessels. You can use arrows between structures. Solution The blood starts with Digital veins----> Cephalic vein-----> Right and left brachiocephalic veins----> Superior vena cava----> Right atrium of the heart----->Right ventricle of the heart-----> pulmonary artery-----> pulmonary arterioles-----> pulmonary capillaries----> pulmonary venules----> pulmonary vein--- -->Left atrium of the heart----> Left ventricle of the heart---->aorta ----> Common iliac artery----> External iliac artery----> Femoral artery----> popliteal artery----> Anterior tibial artery.

Trace the path the red blood cell would take as it travels between t.pdf

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Which of the following represents a difference between viruses and viroids? Viruses infect many types of cells whereas viroids infect only prokaryotic cells. Viruses have capsids composed of protein, whereas viroids have no capsids. Viruses contain introns; viroids have only exons. Viruses always have genomes composed of DNA, whereas viroids always have genomes composed of RNA. Viruses cannot pass through plasmodesmata, viroids can. What is the primary role of prokaryotes? parasitizing eukaryotes, thus causing diseases. breaking down organic matter. metabolizing materials in extreme environments. adding methane to the atmosphere. serving as primary producers in terrestrial environments. SARS is associated with what form of virus? Hantavirus. Filovirus. Coronavirus. Influenza Adenovirus An infectious material is isolated from a nerve cell. It contains protein with Amino acid sequences identical to the host protein but no nucleic acids. It belongs to the group Archaea. Prions Toxin producers Viroids Sporoformers Solution 47) B)Viruses have capsids composed of proteins while viroids don\'t have this protein coat or capsid. Both viruses and viroids can infect many cells, Viruses have exons, genome of viruses are composed of DNA and Rna both. 48) B) Primary role of prokaryotes is breaking down organic matter. Prokaryotes like bacteria and cyanobacteria, break down the complex organic matter to utilize energy from them into smaller particles. 49) C SARS is associated with coronavirus. Coronaviruses primarily infect the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tract in birds and mammals. 50) B Prions.Prions are infectious agents having only proteins but no nucleic acid and can cause neurodegenerative diseases in mammals.

Which of the following represents a difference between viruses and vi.pdf

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What is Impact Factor? Derive a relationship between static and Dynamic Deflection (delta and delta st) and Equaivalent Static Force (Fe) and static loading due to weight of part (W) in a member subjected to tensile loading. Solution The impact factor (IF) of an academic journal is a measure reflecting the average number of citations to recent articles published in that journal. It is frequently used as a proxy for the relative importance of a journal within its field, with journals with higher impact factors deemed to be more important than those with lower ones. The impact factor was devised by Eugene Garfield, the founder of the Institute for Scientific Information. Impact factors are calculated yearly starting from 1975 for those journals that are indexed in the Journal Citation Reports..

What is Impact Factor Derive a relationship between static and Dynam.pdf

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What happens when a non-native species (plant or animal) is introduced into a new environment? Give ONE example and thoroughly explain, citing references. Solution Answer= The relocation of organisms across geological boundries occurs naturally by various means Some species may be introduced & not be able to survive in new environment & their populations sour e.g. lack of predators may contribute to their rapid population increases Introduced species have pronouced effects on their new ecosystem called as invasive species these effects includes 1] outcompeting native species 2] causing native species extinction 3] Altering ecosystem functioning Example- Brown snake tree(Boiga irregularis ) is an invasive that has tought scientist much about impact of introduced species on islands The ivvasion has created significant ecological problems It is an aggressive predator causing extinction of local species has impact on human health Citing reference.

What happens when a non-native species (plant or animal) is introduc.pdf

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What are the techniques used in nanomanifacturing ? What are the techniques used in nanomanifacturing ? Solution Manufacturing at the nanoscale is known as nanomanufacturing. Nanomanufacturing involves scaled-up, reliable, and cost-effective manufacturing of nanoscale materials, structures, devices, and systems. It also includes research, development, and integration of top-down processes and increasingly complex bottom-up or self-assembly processes. In more simple terms, nanomanufacturing leads to the production of improved materials and new products. As mentioned above, there are two basic approaches to nanomanufacturing, either top- down or bottom-up. Top-down fabrication reduces large pieces of materials all the way down to the nanoscale, like someone carving a model airplane out of a block of wood. This approach requires larger amounts of materials and can lead to waste if excess material is discarded. The bottom-up approach to nanomanufacturing creates products by building them up from atomic- and molecular-scale components, which can be time-consuming. Scientists are exploring the concept of placing certain molecular-scale components together that will spontaneously “self- assemble,” from the bottom up into ordered structures. Within the top-down and bottom-up categories of nanomanufacturing, there are a growing number of new processes (techniques) that enable nanomanufacturing. Among these are:.

What are the techniques used in nanomanifacturing What are th.pdf

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What is the definition of hybrid system? Could you give an example of one? Solution A Hybrid System is determined as an environment be of both Electronic and Paper-based Records. A very frequent example of a Hybrid System is one in which the system user devolep an electronic record using a computer-based system and then is necessitate to sign that record as per the affirm Rules. So the system does not have an electronic signature option, so the user has to print out the report and sign the paper copy. Now he has an electronic record and a paper or handwritten signature. The system has an electronic and a paper component, so by this the term come as hybrid..

What is the definition of hybrid system Could you give an example o.pdf

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Using the phylogeny shown, which of the following is a shared derived character for the leopard? A. Hair B. Four walking legs C. Vertebral column D. Hinged jaws E. Amnion Solution A derived character is an advanced trait that only apperas in some members os an evolunary group. For example derived character is the loss of tail, a trait that first appered in an ancestor of apes and man. From the above question, \"E\".Aminion. is the derived character..

Using the phylogeny shown, which of the following is a shared derived.pdf

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The systemic circuit delivers oxygenated blood to _ and returns blood to the body organs right atrium lungs right atrium D body organs, left atrium All of vessel names below refer to both an artery and a vein except the femoral. gonadal axillary. basilica. The common iliac artery branches off of the inferior vena cava. abdominal aorta. thoracic aorta. celiac trunk. pulmonary trunk. After entering arm, the artery becomes the axillary radial artery. ulnar brachial subclavian the vein is a superficial vein that ascends along the medial side of the forearm. radial ulnar cephalic basilica brachial Solution 4] The systematic circuit delivers oxygenated blood to body organ and returns blood to the right atrium Systemic circulation carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle, through the arteries, to the capillaries in the tissues of the body. From the tissue capillaries, the deoxygenated blood returns through a system of veins to the right atrium of the heart 5] All of the vessel name below refer to both an artery and vein except basilic 6] The common iliac artery branches off of the celiac trunk 7] After entering the arm the axillary artery becomes the brachial artery 8] The basilic vein is a superficial vein that ascends along the medial side of the forearm Basilic is a large superficial vein of the upper limb that helps drain parts of the hand and forearm.

The systemic circuit delivers oxygenated blood to _ and returns blo.pdf

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Categories. Use the .05 significance levelWhat is the null hypothe.pdf

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Assume that a new type called POINT has been defined- it is a structure consisting of two fields, x and y, both of type double. Assume two variables p1 and p2 of type POINT have been declared. Assume that p1 has already been initialized. Write a statement that gives p2 the same value that p1 has. Solution struct Point { double x; double y; } int main() { struct Point p1; struct Point p2; p1.x=1.0; p1.y=2.0; p2=p1; return 0; }.

Assume that a new type called POINT has been defined- it is a structu.pdf

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4. Jaster Jets has $10 billion in total \'assets. Its balance sheet shows $1 billion in current liabilities, $3 billion in long-term debt, and $6 billion in common equity. It has 800 million shares of common stock outstanding, and its stock price is $32 per share. What is Taster\'s market/book ratio? Solution Market value of shares: = 800 million×$32 = $25,600 million Book value of equity: = $10,000 million-$1,000 million-$3,000 million = $6,000 million Market to book ratio: = $25,600 million/$6,000 million = 4.27 times.

4. Jaster Jets has $10 billion in total assets. Its balance sheet s.pdf

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58,59,60 Where is smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) especially abundant? brain. liver. heart. lungs. skin. What is the function of the tonoplast? A Provides channels for maintaining fluid balance Protein synthesis Photosynthesis Cell division Storage of genetic information Which is involved in crawling, \"pinching\' extensions? Microtubules. Intermediates. Actin. None of the above. All of the above. Solution 58.Where is Smooth Enddoplasmic reticulum (SER) especially abundant? ANS-B. Liver (abundant in mamalian liver and gonads cells) 59.What is the function of the tonoplast? ANS- A.Provides channels for maintaining fluid balance (tonoplast is a stretchy membrane and it function to separate the fluid filled vacuole from surrrounding cytoplasm.water flowing in and out of the vacuole is regulated by tonoplast) 60.Which is involved in crawling \"pinching\" extensions? ANS-C. Actin (microfilaments or actin is responsible for cellular movements such as contraction,crawling,\"pinching\" during division,and formation of cellular extension).

58,59,60 Where is smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) especially abun.pdf

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A population of rodents contained 703 individuals at the end of March. During the month of April, 47 died, 17 were born, 57 immigrated, and 16 emigrated. What was the population size after those events? Is the population growing or shrinking? By what population rate? A population of rodents contained 703 individuals at the end of March. During the month of April, 47 died, 17 were born, 57 immigrated, and 16 emigrated. What was the population size after those events? Is the population growing or shrinking? By what population rate? Solution Answer) We have an initial population size (N) = 703 individuals the number of total births (b) = 17 and deaths (d) = 47 the number of total emigration (e) = 16 and the immigration (i) = 57 so, the new population size will be calculated as N\' = N + (b+i) - (d+e) = 703 + (17+57) - (47+16) = 703+11 = 714 yes, this population is growing. now, the population growth rate will be = N\' - N / N x 100 per unit time = 714-703/703 x 100 per month = 11/703 x 100 per month = 1.56 % per month. hence, the population growth rate for the given rodent population is 1.56% per month..

A population of rodents contained 703 individuals at the end of Ma.pdf

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4. What are “releasing hormones”? …”inhibiting hormones”? where do they come from and what is the primary target? Which hormones have releasing hormones and what do they have in common? (3-4 sentences) Solution Releasing hormones: These are hormones which regulate other hormones for their secretion from their respective glands. For example thyrotropin-releasing hormone which release thyroid- stimulating hormone. Inhibiting hormones: These are basically those hormones which have function for inhibiting other hormones production. For example melanocyte Inhibiting hormone secret from hypothalamus and inhibits melanocyte-stimulating hormone. These hormones are secreted from majorly hypothalamus but also secreted by adrenal cortex, myocytes and cerebral cortex. Major releasing hormones: Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), growth hormone releasing hormone (GnRH),, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GHRH),: these are basically secreted by hypothalamus and help to release hormones from pituitary..

4. What are “releasing hormones” …”inhibiting hormones” where do t.pdf

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Some parents refuse to have children vaccinated. Should these parents be forced to vaccinate their children in order to protect the rest of society against the reemergence of diseases such polio, measles, or smallpox? Some parents refuse to have children vaccinated. Should these parents be forced to vaccinate their children in order to protect the rest of society against the reemergence of diseases such polio, measles, or smallpox? Solution The main reasons parents refuse to have children vaccinated is due to the belief that such illnesses as polio and measles have been eradicated or aren\'t serious and that vaccines cause autism or have side effects. They feel that children receiving too many vaccinations at once, preservatives in vaccines are dangerous. For children who are fully vaccinated and over six months of age, these vaccines provide lost lasting immunity for their rest of life. The parents should know the importance of their children being vaccinated and this would have a long lasting immunity which would protect their children from these deadly diseases..

Some parents refuse to have children vaccinated. Should these par.pdf

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RNA processing 1. Pretend the following string of letters is a sequence of DNA his sequence has introns and exons in which the exons are actual English words In the example below, find the exons and introns A) Underline the exons and circle the introns THEQRASTRVAFATORASTRVACATQRASTRVAATEQRASTRVATHEQRASTRVARED QRASTRVAWETQRASTRVAR AT B) What do you notice about the introns? C) In the sentence we made before by removing the introns, which words can you leave out and still make a sentence that makes sense? Write all the possible alternatives. Solution a.Exons: THE, FAT, CAT, ATE, THE, RED, WET, RAT Introns: QRASTRVA: b. All the introns present in DNA possess same sequence. c. Other alternative sence words are: THE FAT CAT ATE RED RAT; THE FAT CAT ATE WET RAT; THE CAT ATE RED RAT; THE CAT ATE RED WET RAT etc.

RNA processing 1. Pretend the following string of letters is a seque.pdf

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please help Viruses are classified into which one of the three Domains? Archaea Bacteria Eukarya Viruses are not considered to be members of any of the domains. Which statement is true of the comparison of diffusion and osmosis? Diffusion involves liquids or gasses, where osmosis only relates to gasses. Diffusion must always be facilitated, it will not occur passively. Osmosis relates to molecules that are too big to pass through the cell membrane by themselves. Osmosis is a special type of diffusion that involves water movement across a membrane. What is assumed to be the advantage of the long, folded inner membrane of the mitochondria? What do the folds of the inner membrane do to make the mitochondrion more efficient? cool off the cell\'s interior allow for a place to store the mitochondrial DNA increased surface area for reactions None of these are correct regarding the folded inner membrane of mitochondria. Which structures within a cell are responsible for making the ATP molecules used for cellular energy? rough ER smooth ER lysosomes mitochondria Given that a cell\'s structure reflects its function, what do you predict would be the function of an animal cell with a very large amount of Golgi apparatus inside of it? movement within the animal using cilia and flagella cell growth and division management secretion of lipids for use in insulating tissue storage of pigmentation molecules The cellular cytoskeleton of eukaryotes contains which of these types of protein fibers? microtubules intermediate filaments microfilaments (actin filaments) All of these types of fibers are involved in the cytoskeleton. How is an individual cell identified by the organism in which it lives (assuming we are talking about a multicellular organism)? How does a cell show itself as \"friendly\" to the immune system in humans, for example? the size and particular shape of the cell determine it\'s identity the types of phospholipids in the bilayer determines the cell\'s identity carbohydrate and protein pieces in and on the cell membrane identify the cell All of these are correct in determining the cell\'s identity. What is the term for the model used by biologists to describe the various proteins, carbohydrates, and other molecules that make up the cell membrane, and their structure and function? the gel electrophoresis model the fluid mosaic model the egg cell model the triphosphate model The Cell Theory of Schleiden and Schwann was very important in establishing that... all living things are always composed of multiple cells, some of which are living and most of which are non-living. cells are part of a continuous membrane system, and are not individual living entities. all living things are composed of at least one living cell. DNA is a double helix in shape and is directly related to heredity and genetic traits. The Cell Theory of Schleiden and Schwann was very important in establishing that... all living things are always composed of multiple cells, some of.

please helpViruses are classified into which one of the three Doma.pdf

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1) Why does a fetal pig have anything in its intestine? 2) Are there any differences between the thyroid gland, thymus gland, and spleen in a male and female pig? Breifly explain. 3) Do all members of the animal kingdom have a coelom? What is a coelom? 4) Is there a cause to the color of a fetal pigs intestines? Explain. Solution 1). Fetal pig is used to study anatomy and physiology because it seems like similar to the mamalian. gastrointestinal system of the fetal pig contain simliar structure as like mamalian. it containing osephagous, stomuch, large intenstine.mesentries serve to connect the oragn. it gains much needed nutrition from the mother by ambelical codes. other organ developing during fetal development such as pancreas, gall blader, spleen are contributing in digestive system because it eill produce digestive enzymes. so after digestion the solid waste remain inside in intenstine though it will exerted which will sent back to the mother by embelical codes. 2. Thyroid gland The thyroid gland is prresent around the trachea, nearer to the larynx. Left and right thyroid glands are joined ventrally in pigs. The thyroid glands receive an abundant supply of blood from which they are able to uptake iodine. Iodine is used for the synthesis of hormones which contain three or four iodine moles or atom, triiodothyronine(T3) and thyroxine. Thyroid hormones regulate metabolism and heat genaration in the body. few cells in the thyroid also produce the calcitonin (Hormones) Thymus gland The thymus is a big gland, is located fronter to the heart and lateral extensions into the neck. The thymus gland is made of lymphoidal tissue and has a important immunological function in animals. The animal\'s immune system with which it protect itself against inactivating microorganisms. there is significant difference between male and female thymus gland. male thymus gland shows the secondary lobulation while female thymus glands shows the simple lobules. interlabulor septue were thin andshows less vascular in male pig as comare to them female pig showed thick and highly vascular property. medulla of the lobules shoews the hassels corpuscles in male pig. medulla shows isolated island in the lobules in female pig. medulla occpy larger area in male pif as compare to female pig. no difference is shown in spleen of male pif and female pig. 3.Most of the animal kingdome has coelom. coelom mens hollow cavity, infect it the main cavity shown in most animal and it is present inside in the body to surround and it contain digestive part. it lines with mesodermal epithelium. 4.The colour of intenstine is slightly puple. it is due to the presence of mesnteries. mesenteries are couple of transperant sheets with the petrineoum that suspended and support mechanical strength to the visceral part of organ.purplish colour of the mesnteries is due to the vascularization which include both veins and artery..

1) Why does a fetal pig have anything in its intestine2) Are ther.pdf

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