This document describes an automatic toll ticketing system that improves on prior systems by removing certain apparatus, including a switching mechanism, from each register sender and making it available to multiple register senders. Specifically, it provides common office code translating apparatus that can be selected for exclusive use by a register sender to translate an office code into routing digits to route the call. It also allows charging the called subscriber instead of the calling subscriber by using a special office code.

1. * GB785734 (A)
Description: GB785734 (A) ? 1957-11-06
Automatic toll ticketing system
Description of GB785734 (A)
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PATENT SPECIFICATION
785,734 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: July
28, 1955.
No 21839155.
Application made in United States of America on Aug 12, 1954.
Complete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 40 ( 4), K 1 M( 1:4), K 6 CM( 2:10).
International Classification:-HO 4 m.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Automatic Toll Ticketing System We, AUTOMATIC ELECTRIC LABORATORIES,
INC, a Corporation duly organized under the laws of the State of
Delaware, United States of America, of 1033 West Van Buren Street,
Chicago 7, State of Illinois, United States of America, do hereby
declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted
to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be
particularly described in and by the following statement:-

2. The present invention relates to automatic telephone systems in
general, and in particular to improvements in automatic toll ticketing
telephone systems arranged to produce a record of certain items of
information pertaining to each telephone connection More particularly,
this invention pertains to improvements in automatic toll ticketing
systems of the character disclosed in Patent Specification Serial No
692,999 dated 2nd
October, 1953.
An automatic toll ticketing telephone system of the type disclosed in
the above-mentioned patent is divided into a plurality of zones and
each zone includes one or more telephone exchanges Telephone
connections established between the subscribers in different exchanges
in the different zones and between the subscribers in different
exchanges in the same zone are handled on a toll basis so that charges
for the connections may be assessed against the calling subscriber
substations in accordancewiththedistances between the exchanges and
the time duration of the connections Each telephone connection is
established automatically and a record is produced containing the
particulars concerning the connection, including the office code
digits identifying both the calling and called exchanges, the
numerical digits identifying both the calling and the called
subscriber lines, and other pertinent particulars such as the rate of
charge applicable to the connection, the duration thereof, the date
and possibly the toll charge for the call.
lPrice 3/6 l The telephone connections, in the abovenoted patent, are
automatically completed from a calling subscriber to a desired called
subscriber under control of a director or register sender apparatus
provided in the 50 originating exchange In extending a connection, the
calling subscriber merely operates his calling device in accordance
with the directory number of the desired called subscriber station The
directory number in 55 cludes an office code portion comprising the
first two letters of the called exchange name and a digit identifying
the number of the particular called exchange, and a numerical portion
comprising four digits designating the 60 called subscriber substation
in the particular called exchange Consequently, each subscriber
directory number normally constitutes a seven-digit number Certain
exchanges in the system however are identified 65 by an office code
portion comprising the first two letters of the called exchange name
and a numerical portion comprising four digits designating the called
subscriber substations.
Therefore, the directory numbers of the sub 70 scriber substations in
the exchanges identified by a two-digit office code constitute a
six-digit number instead of a seven-digit number In either event, the
first three digits of a called office code dialed by a calling 75

3. subscriber are registered in the director or register sender and are
translated into one or more routing digits so that the call will be
properly routed to the particular called exchange The first three
digits of a seven 80 digit called number will include the first two
letters of the desired called exchange name and the digit identifying
the particular called exchange, and the first three digits of a
sixdigit number will include the first two letters 85 of the called
exchange name and the thousands-digit of the numerical portion of the
particular called subscriber substation number In addition to
determining the routing digits to be transmitted by the direc 90
785,734 tor or register sender, the first three digits dialed by the
calling subscriber also control the register sender to transmit
thereafter certain of the digits of the called subscriber directory
number to complete the desired connection.
In the above-mentioned patent, an idle director or register sender is
automatically associated with the calling subscriber line as soon as a
call is initiated and the digits of the called subscriber directory
number, as dialed by the calling subscriber, are registered therein In
response to the registration of the first three digits of the called
subscriber directory number, a common translator mechanism is
automatically associated with' the register sender to perform the
translation operation briefly noted above In other words, the
translator mechanism functions to translate the first three digits
registered in the register sender into one or more routing digits and
it registers the routing digits in the register sender The translator
mechanism is then disconnected and rendered available to other
register senders Thereafter the register sender transmits the routing
digits registered therein, then certain digits of the called exchange
code, and finally the four digits of the numerical portion of the
called subscriber directory number in order to complete the telephone
connection to the called subscriber During the establishment of the
above-mentioned connection, various items of record information
pertaining thereto, such as the calling subscriber directory number,
the called subscriber directory number, the rate of charge for the
call, and other pertinent items of information, are temporarily
registered so that a record may be produced of the telephone
connection and charged against the calling subscriber.
During the establishment of the abovedescribed telephone connection,
an idle toll ticket repeater is also included in the connection for
the purpose of registering and storing the items of record information
This repeater times the established connection, and upon the
termination of the connection -50 will have registered therein the
total elapsed conversation time of the particular telephone call.
Following the release of the connection, an idle tabulator is

4. associated with the toll ticket repeater so that the items of record
information which have been transferred to and temporarily stored in
the toll ticket repeater may be transferred to the tabulator before
the repeater is released and rendered available for another call The
tabulator thereafter controls a ticket tape punch mecllanism and a
record tape punch mechanism in order to produce respectively an
individual record and a common record of the completed toll call These
records may then be used by the operating telephone company to control
appropriate business machines in order to produce printed records of
the items of information pertaining to each toll call contained on the
perforated tapes 70 The main object of the present invention is to
provide improved circuits and apparatus for an automatic toll
ticketing system of the type noted above whereby certain of the
apparatus in each of the directors or register 75 senders is
eliminated therefrom and is instead made available to a plurality of
register senders.
It is a further object of the invention to provide in an automatic
telephone system 80 an improved register sender or director of
simplified design, wherein certain apparatus, including a directively
operated switching mechanism, formerly an integral part of each
register sender, has been removed therefrom 85 and the operations and
controls thereof are instead made available to a plurality of register
senders in the exchange.
Still another object of the invention is to provide in an automatic
telephone system 90 employing register senders, common office code
translating apparatus that is selected for the exclusive use of a
register sender and is operated in accordance with the called office
code digits of a telephone directory number 95 to translate the office
code digits into predetermined routing digits.
A still further object of the invention is to provide in an automatic
telephone system employing register senders and common 100 translating
apparatus, facilities for translating a called office code into
appropriate routing digits to route the call to a called station even
though the numerical digits of the called subscriber number have not
been registered 105 in the register sender.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide in an
automatic telephone system employing register senders, apparatus that
is common to a plurality of register 110 senders and is associated
with any particular register sender so that it may be controlled in
accordance with the digits of a called office code to select a
particular translate relay in the common translator With this 115
arrangement, the selective control of a translate relay in the common
translator is performed by equipment that is also common to the
plurality of register senders The foregoing operations were performed

5. in the 120 prior toll ticketing systems by a two-motion directively
operated switch forming a component part of each register sender.
A still further object of the invention is to provide in a toll
ticketing telephone system 125 means for charging the called
subscriber station instead of the calling subscriber station for a
connection by utilizing a special office code instead of the regular
office code in extending a connection to a particular 130 785,734
called subscriber station.
Further objects and features of the invention pertain to the
particular arrangement of the circuit elements of the automatic
telephone system whereby the above outlined and additional operating
features are attained.
The invention, both as to its organization and method of operation,
together with further objects and advantages thereof, will best be
understood by reference to the following specification taken in
connection with the accompanying drawings in which Fig 1 is a trunking
diagram illustrating the general arrangement of the switching
apparatus incorporated in the F Lorida 3 exchange of the telephone
system Figs 2 to 10, inclusive, when assembled together in the manner
shown on Fig 11, illustrate sufficient details of the switching
apparatus, included in the F Lorida 3 exchange, to describe the
apparatus having incorporated therein the features of the invention
briefly outlined above.
It should be noted that the apparatus schematically illustrated in the
different drawings is identified by numerical designations, some of
which designations are prefixed by the letter X " The prefix X has
been provided as part of the numerical designation of different
details of equipment, to facilitate cross-referencing the same with
corresponding equipment and apparatus shown in the previously
mentioned patent wherein like equipment is identified by the same
numerical designations.
The switching apparatus included in the F Lorida 3 exchange is
schematically illustrated in block diagram form in the trunking
diagram shown in Fig 1 Some of the apparatus shown in Fig 1 is
identified by a numerical designation identifying corresponding
apparatus provided in the previously mentioned patent except that the
numerical designation includes the prefix " X " Particular attention
is directed to the fact that the director X 300 comprises a controller
X 600, a call register X 1500, a coder X 1800 and a call recorder X
2000 In the prior systems illustrated in the prior patent, the
director also included a Strowger Switch 1200 which has been
eliminated from each of the directors of the present system.
Referring now to the drawings, it will be seen that Fig 2
schematically illustrates five subscriber substations T 51-3 to T

6. 55-3, inclusive, on a five party line which are connected by way of
the line conductor XC 402 and XC 403 to the line circuit X 405 This
line circuit is schematically illustrated in block diagram form and is
connected to bank contacts accessible to the finders of the system
including the finder X 440 which is individually associated with a
primary selector X 500 The line circuit X 405 and the primary selector
X 500 are illustrated in block diagram form and they may be of the
type shown respectively in Figs 4 and 5 of the previously noted patent
Fig 2 also discloses a director hunter X 450 which is the same as the
corresponding director hunter 70 provided in the patent previously
noted The director hunter X 450 has access, by way of its wipers X 453
to X 460 and associated bank contacts, to any one of a plurality of
directors or register senders, such as the director 75 X 300, shown in
the trunking diagram of Fig.
1 As illustrated in Fig 2, the director hunter X 450 is shown having
access to only the controller X 600 portion of the director X 300
Also, Fig 2 schematically discloses 80 a translator assigner X 1000,
which may be exactly the same as the translator assigner 1000 shown in
the above noted patent, has access by way of its wipers X 1001 to X
1003 and associated contact banks to various parts 85 of the
particular director that has been selected by the director hunter X
450.
Figs 3 and 7 to 10, inclusive, show other portions of the director,
partially shown in detail and partially schematically illustrated, 90
in order more clearly to illustrate and describe the improvements of
the circuits of the present invention More specifically, Fig 3 shows
the miscellaneous relays Xll O 0, which was formerly the code switch
1100 in 95 the prior patent and which have been modified in the
present invention to omit the Strowger Switch 1200 formerly included
as part of the apparatus of the code switch 1100 portion of a director
shown in the previously 100 mentioned patent Figs 7 and 8 show,
partially in detail and partially schematically, the cal, register X
1500 portion of the director which is substantially the same as the
call register 1500 portion of the director 105 illustrated in the
previously mentioned patent except for modifications that have been
made to carry out the features of the present invention The call
register X 1500 portion of the director as shown in Figs 7 110 and 8,
includes the receive sequence switch X 15110 which determines the
sequence in which received digits are registered in the respective
digit registers of the call register X 1500 115 The first, second and
third office code registers X 1520, X 1530 and X 1540 are provided to
register the three digits of a called office code The first, second,
third and fourth numerical registers X 1610, X 1620, 120 X 1630 and X
1640 have been schematically illustrated and they may be connected and

7. arranged in substantially the same manner as the corresponding
registers in the previously noted patent A send sequence switch 125 X
1650 is also schematically illustrated in Fig 8 which is provided to
determine the sequence in which the registered information in the
coder Xl C 800 and the call register X 1500 is transmitted by the
director under 130 4 785,734 control of the send switch X 1660 Both
the send sequence switch X 1650 and the send switch X 1660 are
schematically illustrated since they are the same as the corresponding
a switches 1650 and 1660 illustrated in the previously noted patent.
Fig 9 discloses the translator connector X 1700 which is substantially
the same as the translator connector 1700 illustrated in the patent
previously noted, and is provided to connect the common translator X
1300 of Fig 6 to the coder Xl SOO of Fig 10 The translator connector X
1700 is individual to the director X 300 and it should be understood
that each director is provided with a similar translator connector,
such as X 1700.
Referring now to Fig 10, there is illustrated the coder X 1800 portion
of the director X 300 which is utilized to register as many as six
routing digits that have been determined by the selective operation of
the translator X 1300 under control of the called office code
registered in the office code registers X 1520, X 1530 and X 1540
Other selective controls performed by the various relays provided in
the coder Xl SOO will be described hereinafter in connection with the
detailed operation of the system The word decodel ", as used
hereinafter, is intended to describe the unit of equipment containing
the decoding relays.
Fig 4 shows the decodel circuit 400 which is common to all of the
directors of the system and which is arranged to co-operate with the
code detecting circuit 500 to perform the selective operation of the
translator X 1300 that was previously performed by the Strowger Switch
1200 included in each of the directors of the prior systems The
decodel circuit 400 includes a hundreds register 401, a tens register
402 and the units register 403 which are connected and arranged so
that they may be selectively operated in accordan-e with the three
digits of a called office code registered respectively in the first.
second and third office code registers X 1520, X 1530 and X 1540 in
the call register X 1500 portion of the director The registers of the
decodel 400 are arranged so that they will translate the markings of
the three digits of a called office code as registered in the call
register X 1500 from code markings into decimal markings corresponding
to the hundreds tens and units digits which are registered in the code
detecting circuit 500 of Fig 5.
Fig 5 shows the code detecting circuit 500 which is provided with ten
hundreds relays, such as R 510; ten tens relays, such as R 520; and

8. ten units relays, such as R 550 The respective hundreds, tens and
units relays of the code detecting circuit 500 are connected and
arranged so that the operation of one of the relays on each of the
three groups will select a single conductor in order to operate a
translate relay corresponding to the called office code that has been
registered director With the three groups of hundreds, tens and units
relays in the code detecting circuit 500, as many as 1000 different
indi 7 ' vidual conductors may be selected to operate corresponding
translate relays in the translator X 1300 This arrangement provides
facilities whereby each of 1000 different called office codes may be
translated to select 75 1000 different translate relavs.
Fig 6 schematically illustrates the common translator X 1300 which is
substantially identical to the translator 1300 illustrated in Figs 13
and 14 of the above noted patent 80 Fig 6 also schematically
illustrates the detector X 1900 and the call recorder X 2000.
The call recorder X 2000 is exactly the same as the call recorder 2000
illustrated in Figs.
19 to 22 in the above mentioned patent It 85 should be understood,
however, that the call recorder X 2000 is included as a portion of the
director X 300 and that it may be associated with the detector X 1900,
which is common to all of the directors by means of 90 a detector
connect relay that is individual to the call recorder in use The
detector X 1900 may be the same as the detector 1900 shown
schematicallv in the above mentioned patent or it may be of the type
illustrated in 95 Figs 29 to 38, inclusive, in Patent Specification
Serial No 565 654 dated 1 lth February, 1945.
Referring now to the trunking diagram shown in Fig 1, it will be
understood that 100 only certain of the subscriber lines of the
telephone system have been illustrated.
Three of the lines respectively terminate the subscriber stations TX 3
TR 3 and the pay station line TP 3 One of the lines coin 105 monly
terminates the five subscriber substations T 51-3 to T 55-3 inclusive
Each of the above mentioned lines terminate respectively in a line
circuit Thus the line of station TX 3 terminates in the line circuit
11) X 405 A, the line of station TR 3 terminates in the line circuit X
405 B, the line of station TP 3 terminates in the line circuit X 405
C.
and the party line terminates in the line circuit X 405 D Each private
subscriber station 115 TX 3 is rendered extended service facilities
and is of the class 1 type Each private subscriber station TR 3 and
the five party line subscriber substations T 51-3 to T 55-3 are
rendered free local service and are of the 120 class 2 type Each pay
station TP 3 is denied automatic toll service and is of the class 3
type.

9. More specifically, the extended subscriber substation in the system of
the class 1 type 125 are rendered free automatic local telephone
service, free automatic toll service to certain exchanges in adjacent
zones, for example, to the E Mpire 1 exchange, and automatic toll
ticketing service to other exchanges in the 130 785,734 785,734 system
The private subscriber substations and the party subscriber
substations of the class 2 type are rendered free automatic local
service and they are also rendered automatic toll ticketing service on
all calls extended to subscriber substations terminating in other
exchanges of the system.
Finally, the pay stations of the class 3 type are rendered automatic
local service, provided the necessary coins have been deposited in the
pay station instrument, and they are rendered toll service to
exchanges in the system with the aid of the " O " operator.
Strapping facilities are provided at each line circuit to indicate the
specific class of service rendered the associated subscriber
substation and the detailed description of the strapping facilities is
described in detail in Patent Specification Serial No 692,999 dated
2nd October, 1953.
It is noted that each of the above noted line circuits is accessible
to the finder X 440 and that the finder X 440 is individual to the
primary selector X 500 which has access via its associated bank
contacts to the various trunk lines extending to other switching
apparatus in the exchange, including the local switch train comprising
the selectors X 315 and X 320 and the connector X 325, for completing
local calls and also for completing connections to the official P A B
X 101.
From another level of the associated banks, the selector X 500 has
access to the toll ticketing trunks, including the ticket repeater X
2300 and the ticket repeater selector X 2700, for extending toll
connections by way of the repeater X 379 to the C Hase exchange, and
also via the repeater X 305 to the E Mpire 1 exchange All of the calls
completed by way of any of the ticket repeaters X 2300 are recorded.
Over still another level of the selector X 500, calls may be completed
by way of the special selector X 340 to the intercepting operator 50,
to the " O " operator, and to the information operator 113.
Over still another level the primary selector X 500 may complete
connections via the repeater X 305 to subscribers in the E Mpire 1
exchange without using any of the recording trunks and associated
ticket repeaters, so that no record is made thereof Access to the long
distance operator 110 is had over another level of the primary
selector X 500.
The recording apparatus, including the ticket repeater X 2300, the
tabulator X 2800, the tape punches X 2967 and X 2968-and their

10. associated apparatus form no part of this invention and are therefore
not described in detail For a complete disclosure and description of
this apparatus reference may be had to Patent Specification Serial No.
692,999 dated 2nd October, 1953.
Before describing the operation of the system, it should be noted that
each of the subscriber substation telephone instrumentsincludes the
usual hand set having a transmitter and a receiver, a ringer and a
calling device or dial The calling device provided at each of the
private subscriber substations, 70 at each pay station, and at each
first party substation on a five party line is of conventional
construction and arrangement; while the calling device provided at
each second, third, fourth and fifth party subscriber sub 75 station
on a party line is of special construction Thus, each of the party
subscriber substations provided with the special dial of the type
mentioned above includes a special impulsing cam in addition to the
regular im 80 pulse transmitting springs The impulsing springs
normally operate in a conventional manner in response to the return
movement of the finger wheel of the dial to transmit a variable number
of series of switch control 85 ling impulses in accordance with the
finger hole selected on the pull of the dial Also, the cam spring
provided at the special dials are arranged during the return movement
of the finger wheel to transmit a fixed number 90 of station
identifying ground impulses to identify the particular station that is
originating the call It will be appreciated that any dial having
facilities for transmitting station identifying ground pulses, in
addition to the 95 usual loop pulses, may be utilized to identify the
calling station as digits of a number are being dialed.
In order to describe the operation of the system disclosed in Figs 2
to 10, inclusive, 100 and schematically illustrated by the trunking
diagram of Fig 1, it will be assumed that a call is initiated by a
subscriber at substation T 51-3, shown in Fig 2 As soon as the calling
subscriber removes his receiver, the usual 105 loop circuit: including
the line conductors XC 401) and XC 403, is completed for operating the
line circuit X 405 The line circuit X 405 functions in' a conventional
manner to initiate the operation of the distributor X 442, 110 and' it
marks' the terminals of the calling subscriber line in the bank
contacts accessible' to a group of line finders, including the line
finder X 440; It will be assumed that the distributor X 442, by means
of its rotary 115 switch X Yv 441, selects -the-line finder X 440 and
as a result thereof: the line finder actuates its associated wipers
first in a vertical direction and then in a rotary direction, in the
well-known manner, to find and connect with 120 k the contacts marked
by the, calling line circuit X 405 When the calling line is found by
the line finder X 440, the loop circuit from the calling station is

11. extended through the line circuit X 405 and the line finder X 440 125
to initiate operation of the primary selector X 500 As soon as the
primary selector X 500 is thus seized, it operates the director hunter
X 450 so that it will search for an idle director, such as the
director X 300 shown in Fig 130 785,734 1 As soon as the idle director
is found, the calling subscriber loop circuit is disconnected from the
primary selector X 500 and transferred to the director X 300 that has
been found by the director hunter X 450 For convenience in describing
the director X 300, the various component parts thereof, including the
controller X 600, the miscellaneous relay Xl 100, call register X
1500, call recorder X 2000 and the coder X 1800 have been shown as
separate units.
When the calling subscriber loop circuit is transferred to the
director, circuits are extended through the wipers X 456 and X 457 of
the director hunter X 450 to the conductors XC 471 and XC 472
extending to Fig 3 so that one circuit path is completed by way of the
contacts X 1115, the lower winding of the line relay XR 1130, contacts
X 1156, resistor XI 158, and battery and so that another circuit path
is completed by way of the contacts X 1113, X 1144 and the winding of
the line test relay X Rl 120, to ground The line test relay XR 1120
and the line relay X R 1130 operate over the above mentioned calling
subscriber loop circuit At its contacts X 1133, the line relay XR 1130
completes an obvious circuit for operating the hold relay X Rl 140 and
the latter relay completes, at its contacts XI 141 a circuit for
extending ground potential over the conductor XCI 137 to Fig 2 in
order to operate the seizure relay R 750 in the controller X 600 Also
the relay XR 1140, at its contacts X 1146, disconnects the lower
winding of the line test relay Rl 120 from the conductor XC 472 and it
connects the latter conductor to ground potential at contacts X 1154
At this time the line relays X 1130 will be held in the loopcircuit
including the calling subscriber line from ground at contacts X 1154
to battery potential by way of the contacts X 1156.
In the controller X 600 portion of the director, the operation of the
seizure relay XR 750 applies certain holding grounds to the various
component parts of the director X 300, including the application of a
holding ground at contacts X 751 to the conductor XC 787 extending to
the coder X 1800 (Fig 10) portion of the director X 300.
Also at this time the controller X 600 portion of the director
performs a class test to register the particular class of the calling
subscriber line As previously noted, the calling station is connected
to a party line and, consequently, the controller X 600 will, upon
testing the line, register the class 2 indication therein The
particular class of the calling line is in turn transferred from the
controller X 600 to the class relays (not shown) in the translator X

12. 1300 (Fig 6) over the conductor XC 682 from the controller X 600 The
conductors XC 681 or XC 683 will be grounded in the event that either
a class 1 or a class 3 calling line has been registered in the
controller X 600 during the class test of the calling subscriber line.
As a further result of the class test by the controller X 600, ground
potential is extended to the conductor XC 1123 (Fig 3) in order to 70
momentarily operate the test control relay XR 111 O This relay upon
operating, at its various contacts disconnects the loop circuit of the
calling subscriber line from the previously mentioned circuit for the
line relay 75 XR 1130 and connects it to the multiple circuit
including the upper winding of the line test relay XR 1120 This
connection of the upper winding of the line test relay X Rl 120 to the
calling line is for the purpose of de 80 termining whether or not the
calling line has a false ground condition thereon If such a condition
is encountered and it is of sutlicient magnitude to operate the line
test relay X Rl 120, the relay will operate and corm 85 plete, at its
contacts Xl 121, a circuit including contacts X 1116 and conductor XCI
167 extending to Fig 10 in order to operate the relay XR 1810 The last
mentioned relay if operated will lock itself and thus register the 90
fact that the calling subscriber line has a false ground condition
thereon If the line relay XR 1120 does not operate, it will indicate
that no false ground condition exists on the calling line Shortly
thereafter the con 95 troller X 600 will cause the restoration of the
test control relay X Rll O in order to reconnect the line relay XR
1130 to the calling subscriber loop circuit and to disconnect the line
test relay XRI 120 therefrom After the 100 above described class and
grounded line tests have been made of the calling subscriber line by
the controller X 600 portion of the director, a dial tone signal will
be transmitted to the calling subscriber in a con 105 ventional manner
to indicate that the digits of the called subscriber number may be
dialed.
DIALING THE CALLED NUMBER When the calling subscriber hears the tone
110 signal, he may dial the seven digit directory number of the
desired called subscriber station When the first digit (letter) is
dialed by the calling subscriber, the line relay XR 1130 (Fig 3) will
respond in the well 115 known manner and it will register this digit
in the first code register X 1520 in the call register X 1500 (Figs 7
and 8) More specifically, in response to the first interruption of the
loop circuit by the first impulse the 120 line relay XR 1130 will
momentarily restore to normal and, at its contacts Xl 131, will extend
ground potential by way of the contacts Xl 142 conductor XC 1138
extending to the controller X 600 (Fig 2) and then by way 125 of the
conductor XC 717 extending to Fig 7.
wiper X 1514 in engagement with the contact terminating the conductor

13. XCI 551 and the winding of the niagnet XRM 1521 to battery Certain
operations are performed by 130 785,734 the controller X 600 during
the time pulses are transmitted by the line relay XR 1130 over the
above traced circuit to the magnet XRM 1521 so that the magnet XRM
1511 of the receive sequence switch 1510 (Fig 7) is retained energized
The magnet XRM 1521 operates and restores in response to each impulse
of a series of impulses constituting the first digit (letter) of the
called office code, in order to advance its wipers X 1523 to X 1526,
inclusive, a corresponding number of steps to register the
corresponding digit therein.
During the interdigital pause between the first digit and the second
digit, the line relay XR 1130 remains in its operated position so that
the controller 600 portion of the director will interrupt the circuit
for the magnet XRM 1511 As soon as the magnet restores to normal, it
will advance its wipers X 1513 to X 1516, inclusive, into engagement
with the next set of contacts in the associated contact banks The
wiper X 1514 will thus transfer the pulsing circuit from the magnet
XRM 1521 to the magnet XRM 1531 Thus, impulses of the second digit
dialed by the calling subscriber will be transmitted to the magnet XRM
1531 and its wipers X 1533 to X 1536 will be advanced to register the
corresponding digit in the second office code register X 1530.
During the interdigital pause between the second and third digit, the
magnet XRM 1511 of the receive sequence switch X 1510 will again
restore to normal and will advance its wipers one step to transfer the
impulsing circuit including the wiper X 1514 from the magnet XRM 1531
to the magnet XRM 1541 of the third office code register X 1540 The
third digit dialed by the calling subscriber, which is the third
office code digit, will be registered in the third office code
register XI 540 in the same manner as has been previously explained
The last four digits of the call subscriber number upon being dialed
by the calling subscriber will be registered respectively in the
first, second, third and fourth numerical register X 1610, X 1620, X
1630 and X 1640 as the receive sequence switch X 1510 advances its
wipers over the contacts accessible to the wiper X 1514 and
terminating the conductors XC 1554 to XC 1557, inclusive In this
manner the seven digits of a called number dialed by a calling
subscriber will be registered respectively in the seven registers of
the call register X 1500.
Each of the above noted registers is arranged so that the associated
wipers will be advanced step-by-step in a counter-clockwise direction
a number of steps corresponding to the number of impulses in the digit
transmitted thereto.
In the above description, it was pointed out that the wipers of the
receive sequence switch X 1510 are advanced one step after each digit

14. is registered in the respective registers X 1520, X 1530, X 1540, X
1610, X 1620, X 1630 and X 1640 At the end of the first digit, the
wipers X 1513 to X 1516, inclusive, are moved into engagement with 70
the second set of contacts The wiper X 1514 thereby preparing the
impulsing circuit for the rotary magnet of the register X 1530 and the
wiper X 1515 engaging the contact terminating the conductor XC 1231 75
At the present time, the conductor XC 794, which is connected to the
wiper X 1515 is grounded at the contacts X 757 on the operated seizure
relay XR 750 in the controller X 600 portion of the director and this
ground 80 potential is now extended by way of the conductor XC 1231
extending to Fig 3 in order to complete an operating circuit for the
party test relay XR 1150 and for completing a multiple operating
circuit for the lower winding 85 of the party line relay XR 1160
Therefore, the relay XR 1150 is operated during the interdigital pause
between the dialing of the first digit and the second digit by the
calling subscriber 90 As soon as the party test relay XR 1150
operates, it closes its "X" contacts X 1151 before the " Y " contacts
Xl 152 are open in order to provide a momentary holding circuit for
the upper winding of the line relay 95 XR 1130 At its contacts X 1154
and X 1156, the relay XR I 150 disconnects the ground and battery
potentials from the callingcsubscriber loop circuit, and, at its
contacts X 1153 and X 1155, it connects the calling subscriber 100
loop to a circuit including the upper winding of the party line relay
XR 1160 and the 48 volt auxiliary battery X 1165 and the resistor X
1159 The relay XR 1160 may be of the type disclosed in Patent
Specification Serial 105
No 272,872 dated 1st November, 1925, and it is arranged to respond to
the station identifying ground impulses transmitted by the special
calling device provided at the previously noted party substation on
the party 110 line.
If the calling party is provided with one of the conventional dials
previously noted, then the party line relay XR 1160 will not operate
during the dialing of the second 115 digit but the line relay XR 1130
will respond in the usual manner to the dialed impulses.
However, if the calling subscriber station is provided with a special
dial, both the line relay XR 1130 and the party line relay 120 XR 1160
will respond, the former to the conventional loop impulses and the
latter to the station identifying ground impulses transmitted by the
return movement of the dial.
Each time the line relay XR 1130 restores, it 125 will complete, at
its contacts X 1131, the previously described circuit whereby the
impulses of the second dialed digit are registered in the second
office code register X 1530 The party line relay XR 1160 in re 130
785,734 sponse to each operation thereof will transmit a ground

15. impulse over the conductor XC 1162 extending to the call recorder X
2000 (Fig 6) to register each one of the ground pulses therein It
should be noted, however, that the line relay XR 1130, at its contacts
X 1131, may also transmit ground pulses by way of the contacts Xl 142
and the conductor XC 1163 extending to the call recorder X 2000 (Fig
6) so that the latter circuit is jointly controlled by pulses repeated
by the selective operation of the party line relay XR 1160 and the
line relay XR 1130.
In this manner, the identity of the particular station on a calling
party line is registered in the call recorder X 2000.
At the end of the dialing of the second called office code digit by
the calling subscriber, the receive sequence switch X 1510 will
advance its wipers an additional step into engagement with the third
set of contacts in the associated contact banks and as a result
thereof it will interrupt the previously mentioned circuit including
the conductor XC 1231 extending to Fig 3 so that the party test relay
X R 1150 will now restore to normal The latter relay upon restoring
will disconnect the party line relay X R 1160 from the calling
subscriber loop circuit and it will recomplete the previously traced
circuit for the line relay XR 1130 Thus, it will be understood that it
is only during the dialing of the second digit that the party line
relay XR 1160 is included in the calling subscriber loop circuit so
that the ground pulses transmitted by a special dial at a party line
substation will be registered in the call recorder X 2000 All other
digits dialed by the calling subscriber will only control the line
relay XR 1-130.
The third digit dialed by the calling subscriber will be registered in
the third office code register X 1540, as previously described, and
immediately thereafter the receive sequence switch X 1510 will advance
its wipers into engagement with the fourth set of contacts in the
associated contact banks.
Consequently, the wiper X 1515 will now engage the contact terminating
the conduco tor XC 891 Also the wiper X 1514 will engage the contact
terminating the conductor XC 1554 so that the pulsing circuit is
prepared whereby the fourth dialed digit is registered in the first
numerical register X 1610 During the interdigital pause between the
dialing of the third and fourth digits the ground potential applied to
the wiper X 1515 will now be extended by way of the conductor XC 891
to the controller X 600 (Fig 2) in order to complete a circuit,
including contacts X 811, for operating the assigner start relay XR
640 The relay XR 640 now operates in order to cause the translator
assigner Xl O 00 (Fig 2) to find the 6,5 particular calling director X
300 being utilized in the present call and to associate the decodel
400 (Fig 4), the code detecting circuit 500 (Fig 5) and the common

16. translator X 1300 (Fig 6) with the particular calling director 70 It
may be well to mention at this time, however, that if the called
office code registered in the first, second and third office code
registers X 1520, X 1530 and X 1540 is that of the same exchange in
which the calling 75 subscriber is located, then the wipers X 1526, X
1536 and X 1546 of the above noted registers will control the
controller X 600 portion of the director to disconnect the same from
the primary selector X 500 utilized in the pre So sent connection In
other words, the registration in the call register XI 500 of the
office code that is the same as the office code of the calling
subscriber will cause the automatic disconnection of the director from
the pre 85 sent connection so that the last four numerical digits
dialed by the calling subscriber will directly control local switches
to complete the telephone connection to a call subscriber located in
the same exchange as the calling 90 subscriber Thus, the released
director will immediately become available for use in establishing
other telephone connections.
Continuing with the description of operation of the apparatus and
assuming that the 95 registered called office code is that of a remote
called exchange, it will be seen that as a result of the operation of
the assigner start relay XR 640, at its contacts X 643 and X 641.
it removes ground potential from the con loo ductor XC 685 which
terminates in a bank contact accessible to the wiper X 1002 of the
translator assigner X 1000 This ground potential is normally
maintained on this conductor to mark the controller X 600 busy to 105
the translator assigner X 1000 so that the assigner will not attempt
to connect with the controller X 600 until the busy marking ground
potential is removed from the conductor XC 685 11 HQ At this time, it
may be well to mention the fact that the translator assigner X 1000 is
provided with a rotary switch having the wipers X 1001 to X 1003
inclusive, and associated bank contacts which terminate conductors 115
extending individually to each of the directors in the exchange It may
be assumed that these vipers have access to at least fifty directors
although any number of directors may be accessible to the translator
assigner 120 Xl OOO depending upon the amount of traffic and the
holding time of the various directors in completing different
telephone connections In the present system however, the contacts
accessible to the wiper X 1003 have 125 been multipled together to
terminate the conductor XC 1070 which extends to the code detecting
circuit 500 of Fig 5 In the prior systems, previously noted, the
contacts accessible to the wiper X 1003 terminated indivi 130 785,734
dual conductors corresponding to the conductor XCI 070 in order to
control a Strowger Switch that was individual to the calling director.
As a further result of the operation of the assigner start relay XR

17. 640, at its contacts X 644, it applies ground potential to the start
conductor XC 686 thereby initiating the operation of the assigner X
1000 whereby its wipers X 1001 to X 1003, inclusive, will be advanced
step-by-step over the associated contact banks to search for the
calling director, which is now marked as calling by the connection of
the assigner test relay XKR 650 to the bank contact accessible to the
wiper X 1002 Since all other directors have, at the present time
direct ground potential applied to the conductors corresponding to the
conductor XC 685, such directors will be marked busy to the translator
assigner X 1000 Other operations performed under control of the
assigner start relay XR 640 are described in greater detail in the
prior Patent Specification Serial No 692,999 dated 2nd
October, 1953.
In the translator assigner X 1000, the application of ground potential
to the start conductor XC 686 will cause the assigner to rotate its
wipers to find the calling director which is marked by the resistance
ground potential on the conductor XC 685 When this director is found,
further stepping of the wipers X 1001 to X 1003, inclusive, is
terminated and a circuit is completed by way of the wiper X 1002,
conductor XC 685, contacts X 642 and the winding of ihe assigner test
relay XR 650 in the controller X 600 portion of the director The
assigner test relay XR 650 now operates and completes, at its contacts
X 651, a circuit for the upper winding of the translation failure
relay XR 660 and the conductor XC 684 extending to the translator
assigner X 1000 This circuit operates a director hold relay (not
shown) in the translator assigner but due to the high resistance of
the relay XR 660 it does not operate at this time The director hold
relay in the translator assigner X 1000, however, completes a circuit
whereby ground potential is extended by way of the contacts X 1062,
wiper X 1003 conductor XCI 070 extending to Fig 5, whereby the ground
potential is rendered available to mark certain conductors in the code
detecting circuit 500 depending upon the operated condition of one of
the units relay R 550 to R 559, inclusive.
As a further result of the operation of the assigner test relay XR
650, at its contacts X 652, it applies ground potential to one of the
class marking conductors XC 681 to XC 683 depending upon the class of
the callin, line that was previously determined by the controller X
600 The conductors XC 681 to XC 683, inclusive, extend to Fig 6 where
they terminate in the class relays (not shown) in the translator X
1300.
The assigner test relay XR 650, at its contacts X 653, applies ground
potential by way of the conductor XC 679 in order to operate the
connect relay R 450 (Fig 4) in the de 70 codel 400 and to operate
connect relay XRI 710 (Fig 9) in the translator connector X 1700 It

18. may be well to mention at this time that the connect relay R 450 and
the connect relay X 3 CR 1710 are individual to the 75 particular
director being utilized in the present call The various contacts on
the connect relay R 450 are multipled to each of the other directors
of the system so that whenever one of the other directors is calling,
the 80 associated connect relay will be operated to connect that
calling director to the decodel 400 The relay XR 1710 is also
individual to the instant director, but it should be understood that
each of the remaining directors in 85 the system is provided with a
similar relay so that the conductors multiply connected to the
contacts of the associated relays will connect the particular calling
director to the common translator X 1300 90 At the present time, the
circuits and apparatus involved in the present call are in a condition
to transfer the digits of the called office code registered in the
first, second and third code registers X 1520, X 1530 and 95 X 1540 in
the call register X 1500 to the decodel 400 (Fig 4) so that a
particular translate relay in the translator X 1300 will be operated
The particular selected translate relay will in turn automatically
translate the 100 three digits of the called office code into
appropriate routing digits and other selective controls and to
register this information in the coder X 1800 (Fig 10) portion of the
particular calling director 105 The manner in which the foregoing
translation is accomplished will now be described.
Referring now to the call register 3 X 1500 (Figs 7 and 8) it will be
recalled that the 110 foregoing operations, whereby the translator
assigner X 1000 was controlled to associate the calling director with
the decodel 400, the code detecting circuit 500 and the common
translator X 1300, occurred as soon as the 115 third digit of the
called office code was registered in the third office code register X
1540 At this time the wiper X 1515 of the receive sequence switch X
1510 engaged the fourth contact in the associated contact bank 120
terminating the conductor XC 891 extending to the controller X 600
portion of the director The calling subscriber will continue to dial
the remaining four numerical digits of the call subscriber number and
they will be 125 registered respectively in the first, second, third
and fourth numerical registers X 1610, X 1620, X 1630 and X 1640 in a
conventional manner.
In the first office code register X 1520, the 130 785,734 wipers X
1523 to X 1526, inclusive, will be standing in engagement with the
particular contact in the associated contact banks corresponding to
the value of the first digit dialed by the calling subscriber The
contacts accessible to the wipers X 1524 and X 1525 terminate four
marking conductors WXYZ 21 which are marked in code form in accordance
with the value of the digit registered Corresponding marking

19. conductors WXYZ 22, WXYZ 23, WXYZ 24, WXYZ 25, WXYZ 26 and WXYZ 27 are
provided in each of the remaining registers so that the digits
registered in the respective registers are marked in code form in bank
contacts (not shown) of a send sequence switch X 1650 This switch will
be operated at an appropriate time to transmit, in conjunction with
the send switch X 1660, impulses for controlling the switching
apparatus of the system It should also be noted that the above marking
conductors WXYZ 21 are multiply connected to marking conductors HW,
HX, HY HZ extending to Fig 4 where they terminate in the respective
contacts 451 W, X, Y and Z The WXYZ 22 marking conductors are multiply
connected to the marking conductors TW, TX, TY and TZ extending to Fig
4 where they terminate respectively in the contacts 452 W, X, Y and Z.
Finally, the WXYZ 23 marking conductors are multiply connected to the
marking conductors UW, UX, UY and UZ extending to Fig 4 where they
terminate respectively in the contacts 453 W, X, Y and Z In view of
the foregoing, it should be understood that the three digits
registered respectively in the first, second and third office code
registers X 1520, X 1530 and X 1540 are marked in code form on the
marking conductors WXYZ 21, WXYZ 22 and WXYZ 23 and they are also
marked in the associated marking conductors extending to the decodel
400 of Fig 4.
As soon as the connect relay R 450 operates, as previously described,
the digits marked in code form on the conductor terminating on the
contacts on the relay will control the operation of the hundreds, tens
-50 and units registers 401 to 403, inclusive, in the decodel 400 The
register relays of the units register 403 have been shown and are
designated R 410, R 420, R 430 and R 440.
These relays are provided with sets of contact springs arranged in
pyramid form so that by operating the relays in certain combinations,
or individually, any one of ten conductors, corresponding to the
digits 1 to 10, may be selected and marked depending upon the value of
the digits marked in code form by the operated condition of the
relays.
The same sets of relays are provided in the hundreds and tens
registers 401 and 402 to translate the code form of the digit into the
decimal or numerical form thereof in the same manner as is shown for
the units register 403.
In view of the foregoing, it will be understood that each of the
cables C 460, C 470 and C 480 includes ten marking conductors cor 70
responding respectively to the digits 1 to 0, inclusive The ten
marking conductors in the cable C 480 terminate respectively in ten (
10) units relays R 550 to R 559, inclusive.
Any one of the foregoing relays may be op 75 erated to close its
associated make contact and connect the ground potential on the

20. conductor XC 1070 to any one of ten different marking conductors in
the cable C 570 The ten conductors in the cable C 570 are multi 80 ply
connected to ten sets of make contacts provided each of ten ( 10)
different tens relays such as R 520 The 10 tens relays are
respectively connected to the ten conductors in the cable C 470 so
that the relay in the code 85 detecting circuit 500 corresponding to
the digit registered in the tens register 402 will be operated Only
three of the tens relays R 520, R 530 and R 540 have been shown but it
should be understood that there are 1090 such relays and that each
relay is provided with ten make contacts connected to the ten
conductors in the cable C 570 The code detecting circuit 500 also
includes ten ( 10) hundreds relays, such as R 510 and each relay is 93
provided with 100 make contacts Therefore, the 10 conductors in the
cable C 460 are respectively connected to 10 hundreds relays, such as
the relay R 510 so that the digit registered in the hundreds register
401 will op 100 erate the corresponding hundreds relay, such as R 510,
in the code detecting circuit 500 As illustrated in Fig 5 the relay R
510 is provided with 100 make contacts that terminate the 10 sets of
10 conductors on the 105 tens relays It will be apparent to those
skilled in the art, however, that the hundreds relays, such as R 510,
instead of being a single relay having 100 make contacts, may instead
be 10 individual relays each having 110 make contacts or any other
combination whereby 100 contacts can be simultaneously closed In
addition to the foregoing, the 100 conductors in the cable C 580 that
terminate in the 100 make contacts on the relay R 510 113 are also
multiply connected to the 100 corresponding make contacts on each of
the remaining 9 hundreds relays.
In view of the foregoing it is apparent that the 10 hundreds relays
such as R 510 each 120 having 100 make contacts will provide a total
1000 individual conductors which will terminate respectively in the
terminal block XTB 1240 Therefore, the registration of any one of 1000
different three digit office codes 125 in the hundreds tens and units
registers 401 to 403, inclusive will control the hundreds, tens and
units relav in the code detecting circuit 500 to select a particullar
one of the conductors out of the 1000 conductors termin 130 785,734
ating in the terminal block XTB 1240 This will provide a single
control conductor extending to the common translator X 1300 to operate
the particular translate relay corresponding to the three digit called
office code registered in the decodel 400.
There is an additional point that should be considered in connection
with the 1000 conductors extending to the common translator X 1300 by
way of the terminal blocks XTB 1240 and XTB 1250 This point concerns
the three different class conductors XC 681 to XC 683, inclusive, for
operating respectively three different class relays Thus, if each

21. class conductor, such as XC 681, will operate a different class relay
having 1000 make contacts thereon, a total of 3000 conductors may be
selected individually corresponding to 3000 different translate relays
in the translator X 1300 The selective operation of one of the three
class control relays will select one of the three groups of the 1000
conductors.
The foregoing system, except for the modifications of the call
register X 1500 and the new apparatus including the decodel 400 and
the code detecting circuit 500, is fully described and disclosed in
the prior Patent Specification Serial No 692,999 dated 2nd
October, 1953.
For the purpose of this description, it will be assumed that the
routing digits required to extend a connection from a calling
subscriber in the F Lorida 3 exchange to a called subscribed in the E
Mpire 1 exchange are the digits 4 and 8 Consequently, it will also be
assumed that the digits 361, corresponding to the letters EM and the
digit 1 identifying the E Mpire 1 exchange, are registered
respectively in the first, second and third office code register X
1520, X 1530 and X 1540 The digits 361 will be respectively marked on
the code marking conductor WXYZ 21, WXYZ 22, and WXYZ 23 extending to
the send sequence switch X 1650 and they will also be marked in the
hundreds, tens and units registers 401, 402 and 403 in the decodel
400.
The hundreds register 401 having the hundreds digit 3 registered
therein will complete the operating circuit for the hundreds relay,
such as R 510, in the third hundreds group The tens register 402 will
have thedigit 6 registered therein and will, consequently, complete
the operating circuit to the tens relay, such as R 520, in the sixth
tens group Finally, the units digit register 401 having the digit 1
registered therein will complete the operating circuit for the units
relay R 550.
The code markings employed in the present telephone system is
sometimes referred to as a WKXY code wherein any digit from 1 to 9,
inclusive, and 0 may be registered and transmitted by operating or
marking any one or any two of four WXYZ relays or conductors in
accordance with the following code:
DIGIT CODE I WX 70 2 WY 3 WZ 4 XY XZ 6 YZ 75 7 W 8 X 9 Y 0 z Since the
digit l is registered in the units 80 register 403, the W relay R 440
and the X relay R 430 will be operated At the contacts 441 and 431 of
these operated relays a circuit is completed to ground the conductor 1
in the cable C 480 and thereby operate 85 the units relay R 550 in the
code detecting circuit 500 The register relays in the hundreds
register 401 and in the tens register 402 are exactly the same and
operate in the same manner as the register relays in the 90 units

22. register 403.
As a result of the operation of the previously noted hundreds, tens
and units relays in the code detecting circuit 500, the ground
potential on the conductor XC 1070 will com 95 plete a circuit through
the contacts 560 to a conductor 1 in the cable C 570, then through a
make contact on the operated tens relay (not shown) in the sixth group
to the sixtyfirst conductor (not shown) and then through 100 a make
contact on the operated hundreds relay (not shown) in the 300 group to
the terminal 361 on the terminal block XTB 1240.
This terminal will be jumpered by the jumper J 361 to another terminal
on the ad 105 jacent terminal block XTB 1250 terminating a conductor
extending by way of the class relay (not shown) in the class relays
613 to a particular translate relay, such as the relay XR 1401 The
selected translate relay will 110 now operate and it will translate
the called office code digits 361 of the E Mpire 1 exchange into, for
example, two routing digits 4 and 8 The translate relay XR 1401 shown
in the translator X 1300 (Fig 6) may be ex 115 actly the same as the
relay R 1410 shown in Fig 14 of Patent Specification Serial No.
692,999 As soon as the above noted translate relay operates, it closes
its various contacts thereby to mark the marking conduc 120 tors in
the cable C 640 extending to the different contacts on the operated
connect relay XR 1710 (Fig 9) in accordance with the information
permanently registered in the operated translate relay XR 1401 125
Referring now to Figs 9 and 10, it will be understood that when the
above noted translate relay operates, it will ground the X 111 and Y
11 conductors in the cable C 640 in order to complete circuits for
operating the 130 785,734 Xl and Yll register relays (not shown) to
register the digit 4 in the first routing register of the coder X 1800
These relays will lock themselves in their operated position by way of
the conductor XC 787 A, contacts X 1821 and the conductor XC 787
extending to the controller X 600 (Fig 2) where it is grounded at the
contacts X 751 on the operated seizure relay XR 750 Also, the operated
Xl I and Y 11 relays in the first route register will apply ground
potential to the conductor XC 884 in order to operate the translation
complete relay XR 810 in the controller X 600 Although the above
description includes the transfer of one routing digit ( 4) from the
operated translate relay XR 1401 in the translator X 1300 to the first
routing register of the coder Xi OO, it should be understood that all
of the information that is permanently wired or registered in the
operated translate relay is simultaneously transferred to the coder X
1800 Consequently, the second routing digit 8 permanently registered
in the operated translate relay will also be transferred to the second
route register in the coder X 1800 by the application of the marking
ground potential to the X 12 code marking conductor This will operate

23. the X 12 register relay (not shown) in the second route register of
the coder X 1800 to register, in code form the digit 8 This relay will
also lock itself in its operated position to the grounded conductor XC
787 Since only two route digits ( 4 and 8) are registered in the coder
X 1800, the remaining four route registers will remain in their
restored position Accordingly, it will be appreciated that as many as
six routing digits may be translated as a result of the registration
of three called office code digits in the call register X 1500.
The four WXYZ 17 code marking conductors are provided to indicate the
units digit of the rate of charge for the call completed between a
calling subscriber in the F Lorida 3 exchange and a called subscriber
in any other exchange In the present call it will be assumed that the
charge rate for the call between the F Lorida 3 exchange and the E
Mpire 1 exchange is the rate 01 and, consequently, the W 17 and X 17
code marking conductors are grounded by the operated translate relay X
R 14 Ol to register the units digit 1 in the coder X 1800 The operated
W 17 and X 17 register relays will lock in their operated position in
the manner previously explained.
The TA, TB TC and TD code marking conductors are connected
respectively to the control relays XR 1890, XR 1885, XR 1880 and XR
1875 These relays may be individually operated, or they may be
operated in various combinations in order to selectively determine the
operation of the send sequence switch X 1650 in the call register X
1500 (Figs 7 and 8) of the director The send sequence switch X 1650,
as is explained in detail in Patent Specification Serial No.
692,999 is arranged so that it will first select each of the route
registers in the coder X 1800 70 to successively render these
registers effective so that the send switch X 1660 will transmit
impulses corresponding to the route digits to control the setting-up
of the connection Thereafter the send sequence 75 switch X 1650
normally renders each of the office code registers and then the
numerical registers in the call register Xi 500 effective one after
another to mark the send switch X 1660 so that all of the diaits
recistered SJ therein by the calling subscriber are successively
transmitter to complete the connection to the desired called station
However.
the above mentioned control relays XRI 890, XR 1885, XR 1850 and XR
1875 may be op 85 erated individually or in combination as previously
noted so that the send sequence switch X 1650 may be selectively
controlled to skip predetermined ones of the office code and numerical
registers in the call register 90 X 1500.
In order to describe the various combinations which may be utilized in
connection with any telephone call the different control relays will
be considered individually For 95 example the TA relay XR 1890 in its

24. operated position will control the send sequence switch X 1650 to
select all seven of the office and numerical registers in the call
register X 1500 one after another so that the send 100 switch X 1660
will transmit impulses corresponding to each of the digits registered
to the switching apparatus of the telephone system to set up the
connection These digits.
however, will be transmitted followin 2 the 105 transmission of each
of the routine digits that have been registered in the route registers
of the coder X 1800 The foregoing operations are accomplished by the
TA control relay X 1890 by the opening of all of the 110 break
contacts thereon, included in the circuits of the skip 17 conductor XC
1837, skip 18 conductor XC 1838, and skip 19 conductor XC 1839 These
conductors correspond respectively to the first second and third 115
office registers X 1520 X 1530 and X 1540.
The send sequence switch X 1650 in its operation will sequentially
apply around potential to the above mentioned conductors and if the
relay XR 1890 is in its operated condi 120 tion, the ground potential
cannot be forwarded to the skip common conductor XCI 831 in order to
control the send sequence switch X 1650 to skip the corresponding
office code register The remaining four skip con 125 ductors skip 20
to skip 23 inclusive, designated XC 1840 to XC 1843, inclusive,
correspond respectively to the four numerical registers in the call
register X 1500 and whenever a circuit is completed from ground on 130
785,734 any one of the above mentioned conductors to the skip common
conductor XC 1831, the corresponding numerical register will be
skipped so that the digit registered therein will not be transmitted
by the send switch X 1650 With the foregoing operations in mind, it is
apparent that whenever the TA control relay XR 1890 is operated, the
conductor XC 1837 to XC 1839 are disconnected from the skip common
conductor XC 1831 so that the digits registered in the three office
code registers corresponding to the above noted conductors will be
transmitted.
If the TB control relay X'R 1885 is the only one of the four control
relays that is operated then the skip 19 conductor XC 1839 will be
disconnected from the skip common conductor XYC 1831 so that the send
switch X 1660 will now be controlled to skip the digits registered in
the first and second office code registers, to transmit the digit
registered in the third office code register and then to transmit the
four digits registered respectively in the four numerical registers of
the call register X 1500.
If the TC control relay is the only one of the four control relays
that is operated, the send sequence switch X 1650 will be controlled
so that it will skip the digits registered in the first, second and
third office code registers; it will then transmit the first, second

25. and third digits registered in the corresponding numerical registers:
and it will then skip the digit registered in the fourth numerical
register Normally, the TC control relay XR 1880 will be operated in
combination with the TA control relay XR 1890 so that the director
will properly handle six digit call numbers that have been registered
in the call register X 1500 When the TA control relay and the TC
control relay XR 1890 and XR 1880 are both operated, the director will
skip the first and seventh and will transmit the second to the fifth
digits registered in the call register X 1500 after the routing digits
registered in the coder X 1800 have been transmitted.
If the TD control relay XR 1875 is the only operated one of the four
control relays, it will prevent the send sequence switch X 1650 and
the send switch X 1660 in the director from transmitting any of the
digits that have been registered in the office code and numerical
registers in the call register X 1500 Consequently, only the digits
registered in the route registers of the coder X 1800 will then be
transmitted by the director.
If the TA and TD control relays X 5 R 1890 and XR 1875 are in their
operated positions and the remaining two control relays are restored,
the director will transmit the three office code digits and then skip
the last four numerical digits registered in the call register XI 500.
If the TB and TC control relays XR 1885 and XR 1890 are operated and
the remaining two control relays are restored, the director will skip
the first and second office code digits, then transmit the third
office code 70 digit, then transmit the three numerical digits, and
finally skip the last numerical digit registered in the call register
X 1500.
If the TB and TD control relays XNR 1885 and XR 1875 are operated and
the remaining 75 two control relays are restored, the director will
skip the first and second office code digits, then transmit the third
office code digit, and then skip all of the remaining digits
registered in the call register X 1500 80 If the TA, TC and TD control
relays XR 1890, XR 1880 and XR 1875 are operated and the TB control
relay XR 1885 is in its restored position, then the director will skip
the first office code digit, transmit the second 85 and third office
code digits and then skip the last four numerical digits registered in
the call register X 1500.
From the foregoing, it is apparent that various route digits that are
to be registered 90 in the routing registers in the coder X 1800
depend upon the operation of a translation relay that is selected as a
result of the dialing of the three called office code digits It is
also apparent that the selected translate 95 relay will transfer the
routing digits that are permanently wired therein, to the route
registers in the coder X 1800 It is also apparent that the selected

26. translate relay is permanently wired so that it will operate the 100
control relays in one of the plurality of combinations described above
in order to obtain the desired control of the director to transmit the
digits registered in the routing register and registered in the
registers of the call re 105 gister X 1500 to complete the desired
connection.
For the purpose of the present description of operation, it will be
assumed that the TB control relay XR 1885 is operated by the 110
selected translate relay in the translator X 1300 and that the control
relay locks itself in its operated position by way of its lefthand
make contact to the grounded conductor XC 787 A 115 At the right-hand
break contact, the relay XR 1885 disconnects the skip 19 conductor XC
1839 from the skip conductor XC 1831 and thereby controls the director
so that after it has first transmitted the routing digits 4 120 and 8,
registered in the route register in the coder X 1800 and skipped the
remaining route registers, it will skip first two called office code
digits registered in the call register X 1500, and it will then
transmit the re 125 maining five digits registered therein The reason
for skipping the first and second code registers in the call register
X 1500 is governed by the fact that the TA control relay XR 1890 is in
its restored position which per 130 785,734 mits the skip 17 and 18
conductors XC 1837 and XC 1838 to complete circuits to the skip common
conductor XC 1831.
It will also be assumed that the particular connection being described
is one in which a toll ticketing record must be produced to properly
assess the calling subscriber for the call Therefore, the selected
translate relay XR 1401 in the translator X 1300 is permanently wired
so that whenever it is operated, it will apply ground potential to the
AB toll conductor extending to the coder X 1800 so that a circuit will
be completed for controlling the call recorder X 2000 This circuit
includes the grounded AB toll conductor, a contact on the operated
connect relay XR 1710 (Fig 9) contacts X 1811 and conductor XC 2242
extending to the schematically illustrated call recorder X 2000 (Fig
6) A start relay in the call recorder X 2000 will be operated over
this circuit to indicate that a record is to be produced containing
the items of information pertaining to the telephone connection.
Depending upon whether or not the particular charge rate for the call
includes the tens digit 1 or the tens digit 0 the Y 18 conductor will
either be grounded or not grounded by the operated translate relay XR
1401 If it is not grounded, the tens digit of the rate of charge for
the call is the digit 0 and if it is grounded the circuit will be
completed by way of the contact on the operated connect relay XRI 710
(Fig 9) and the conductor XC 2245 extending to the call recorder X
2000 (Fig 6) where it will operate a tens digit rate relay to register

27. the tens digit 1 instead of the tens digit 0 for the rate of the
charge.
All of the information that is permanently wired and registered in the
selected translate relay XR 1401 in the translator X 1300 is
simultaneously transferred to the coder X 1800 in the manner described
above and, consequently, the translator X 1300 may be disconnected
from the particular calling director within a very short interval of
time after the selected translate relay is first operated Thus, the
actual holding time of the translator X 1300, as well as the decodel
400 and the code detecting circuit 500 by any one director is
extremely short This permits the equipment to be utilized in common by
a large plurality of directors In order to control the disconnection
of the decodel 400, the code detecting circuit 500, and the translator
X 1300, the registration of a digit in the first route register WXYZ
11 of the coder X 1800 will apply ground potential to the Go conductor
XC 884 extending to the controller X 3600 (Fig 2) so that it will
complete an operating circuit for the translation complete relay XR
810 Operation of the latter relay, at its contacts X 811 interrupts a
point in the previously traced circuit for the assigner start relay XR
640, so that the latter relay now restores to normal At its contacts X
641 and X 642, the relay XR 640 transfers the hold conductor XC 685
from the circuit including the winding of the assigner test 70 relay
XR 650 to a direct ground potential As soon as the above transfer is
made, the translator assigner X 1000 is controlled over the conductor
XC 685 to rotate its wipers X 1001 to X 1003, inclusive, an additional
step in 7 i order to disconnect the translator assigner X 1000 from
the particular director As a further result of the restoration of the
relay XR 640, at its contacts X 644 it removes ground potential from
the start conductor 80 XC 686 in order to restore the start relay (not
shown) in the assigner X 1000.
Incident to the restoration of the assigner test relay XR 650, at its
contact X 652, it removes ground potential from the particular 85
selected class conductor XC 681 to XC 683, inclusive, in order to
restore the particular operated class relay (not shown) in the class
relays 613 (Fig 6) At its contacts X 651 it interrupts a point in the
circuit for the trans 90 lation failure relay XR 660 so that the
latter relay cannot be operated from the assigner X 1000 after the
restoration of the relay XR 650 Finally at its contacts X 653 the
relay XR 650 removes ground potential from 95 the conductor XC 679
extending to Fig 4 in order to restore the connect relay R 450 in the
decodel 400 and to restore the connect relay XR 1710 in the translator
connector X 1700 (Fig 9) The restoration of the con 100 nect relay R
450 disconnects the three sets of four conductors of the decodel 400
from the corresponding marking conductors terminating in the bank

28. contacts of the office code register X 1520, X 1530 and X 1540 The re
105 storation of the connect relay XR 1710 disconnects the coder X
1800 portion of the particular director from the translator X 1300.
From the foregoing description of operation, it will be understood
that the translator 110 X 1300, the decodel 400, the code detecting
circuit 500 and all operated relays therein are now restored to normal
and the units of equipment are available for assignment to the
exclusive use of another calling director 115 During the short
interval of time that the above equipment is associated with the
particular calling director, the information permanently wired or
stored in the selected translate relay in the translator X 1300 is 120
transferred to the coder X 1800.
The translation complete relay XR 810 as previously noted is operated
to indicate that the coder XISO O has all of the necessary routing
information, to complete the particular 125 connection to the desired
called subscriber line in the call exchan-e Furthermore, the operation
of the relay XR Si O caused the disconnection of the decodel 40 N O
the code detectinel circuit 500 and the translator XI 300 130 785,7341
from the particular director As a further result of the operation of
the translation complete relay XR 810, it controls the various
component parts of the director whereby the send sequence switch X
1650 and the send switch X 1660 therein transmits impulses
corresponding to the digits registered in the routing registers of the
coder X 1800 and corresponding to the digits that are registered in
each of the seven registers in the call register X 1500 However,
certain of the registers in the call register X 1500 may be skipped as
determined by the operated and restored conditions of one or more of
the TA, TB, TC and TD control relays XR 1890, XR 1885, XR 1880 and XR
1875 as has been previously described.
In the present call, it has been assumed that the called office code
digits 361 of the E Mpire 1 exchange have been registered in the
called office code registers of the call register X 1500 and that
these digits were translated by operation of the decodel 400, the code
detecting circuit 500 and the translator X 1300, into the routing
digits 4 and 8 and that these routing digits are respectively
registered in the first WVXYZ 11 and the second WXYZ 12 routing
registers in the coder X 1800 Therefore, the director will transmit
the routing digits 48 registered in the first and second route
registers in the coder X 1800 It will skip the third to the sixth
route registers in the coder Xl 800, and it will then start to
transmit the digits registered respectively in the seven registers of
the call register X 1500 However, inasmuch as it is assumed that the
TB control relay XR 1885 is in its operated position, the director in
transmitting the digits registered in the call register X 1500 will

29. skip the digits 3 and 6 registered in the first and second office code
registers, it will transmit the digit 1 registered in the third office
code register, and it will then transmit, in succession, the four
numerical digits of the called subscriber number registered
respectively in the four numerical registers of the call register X
1500.
The impulses corresponding to the above mentioned digits are
transmitted from the controller X 600 portion of the director through
the director hunter X 450 to the primary selector X 500 By referring
to the trunking diagram shown in Fig 1, it will be seen that the first
routing digit 4 will control the primary selector X 500 to raise its
wipers in the fourth level in the associated contact bank and then
rotate its wipers over the selected level to search for and connect
with an idle ticket repeater, such as X 2300 The next routing digit 8
will then control the ticket repeater selector X 2700 individually
associated with the ticket repeater X 2300 so that the selector X 2700
will raise its wipers to the eighth level and then rotate the wipers
to select the repeater X 305 terminating the trunk line extending to
the E Mpire 1 exchange The last five digits of the called subscriber
directory number are repeated over this connection by the repeater X
305 to 70 control the switching apparatus in the called E Mpire 1
exchange whereby the connection is completed to the desired called
subscriber substation.
After the send switch X 1660 in the direc 75 tor has transmitted all
of the impulses corresponding to the digits required to complete the
connection to the called subscriber line, the director will be
released so that it is disconnected from the established connection 80
However, it should be understood that the director will not
automatically release itself unless ( 1) the call recorder X 2000 and
the detector X 1900 have completed their operations to identify the
number of the particu 85 lar calling subscriber in a F Lorida 3
exchange and ( 2) the items of information pertaining to the telephone
connection, including the calling subscriber directory number, the
called subscriber directory number, and 90 the rate of charge for the
call have been transmitted to and registered in the selected ticket
repeater X 2300 Thus, the director will be retained connected to the
established connection until all of the information has 95 been
transmitted and stored in the ticket repeater X 2300 In response to
the completion of the transmission of the information, the director
will then release itself in the manner stated previously 100 All 6 f
the foregoing operations of the system and the detailed circuits of
the various units of equipment utilized in establishing a connection
is disclosed and described in Patent Specification Serial No 692,999,
ex 105 cept for the modifications disclosed herein involving the code

30. switch 1100 (Fig 3), the call register X 1500 (Figs 7 and 8) the new
decodel 400 and code detecting circuit 500 illustrated respectively in
Figs 4 and 5, and 110 the coder X 1800 (Fig 10) All other operations,
including the registration of the elapsed time of the conversation and
the subsequent recording of all of the items of information stored in
the ticket repeater X 2300 and the 115 operation of the record
producing apparatus, including the tabulator X 2800, the ticket tape
and record tape punch devices X 2968 and X 2967, are described in
detail in the above noted patent 120 LOCAL CALLS TO THE TELEPHONE
COMPANY OFFICIAL PABX In the present telephone system, the F Lorida 3
exchange is included in a network with other exchanges wherein each
sub 125 scriber substation is identified by a seven digit directory
number Each seven digit' directory number includes the first and
second letters of the called exchange name, a third digit identifying
the number of the 130 785,734 exchange having the particular name and
four digits identifying the particular substation in the identified
exchange Consequently it is necessary on each call for the calling
subscriber to dial the full comiplement of seven di-its into the
director whereby the latter mechanism will control the switching
apparatus to complete the telephone connection The F Lorida 3 exchange
l 1 illustrated in Fig 1 is provided with lines extending to the
Telephone Company PABX stations, which stations are identified in the
usual manner by a seven digit directory number Consequently, if any
subscriber in the F Lorida 3 exchange or in any one of the other
exchanges desires to call a particular PABX station, the corresponding
seven digit directory number must be dialed However, provisions are
made in the present exchange equipment to enable local subscribers in
the F Lorida 3 exchange to extend connections to the official PABX
stations by merely dialing three digits.
To enable local subscribers in the F Lorida 3 exchange to dial the
official PABX stations by the dialing of only three digits the
terminals of the PABX station lines may be identified by three digit
numbers for example, 120, 121 to 129, inclusive 130, 131 to 139,
inclusive, etc, whereis the actual number of the different official
PABX stations may, for example, be FL 3-2201 to FL 3-2299 and FL
3-2200 In other words, the PABX subscriber stations will be in the
2200 group of connectors in the F Lorida 3 exchange.
In dialing the regular seven digit number, for example, FL 3-2201 to
extend a telephone connection from a local calling subscriber in the F
Lorida 3 exchange to the official PABX station having the above
mentioned directory number, the dialing and the registration of the
digits 353 corresponding to the letters FL and the numeral 3 of the F
Lorida 3 exchange in the director will cause the seizure of the local
switching apparatus in the F Lorida 3 exchange, whereby the remaining

31. digits 2201 will complete the connection to the desired official PABX
station.
al By referring to Figs 7 and 8 it will be seen that when the digits
353 are registered respectively in the first, second and third office
code registers in the call register X 1500, the wiper X 1526 and the
wiper s X 1536 will be respectively in engagement with the contacts 3
and 5, whereas the wiper X 1546 will be in engagement with the contact
3 As a result of the foregoing, a circuit will first be completed from
ground by 6 o way of wiper X 1526 contact 3 in the associated contact
bank, conductor XC 1564 connected to the terminal block XTB 1528 wiper
X 1536 in engagement with contact 5 in the associated contact bank,
conductor XC 1565 connected to the terminal block XTB 1528 and
conductor XC 888 extending to a digit local relay (not shown) in the
controller X 600 portion of the director The last-mentioned relay
operates to prepare the primary selector X 500 so that it will be in
condition to 7 f respond to the third digit dialed by the calling
subscriber As previously noted, the third digit dialed b the calling
subscriber is registered in the third office code register X 1540 and
since the primary selector X 500 75 has been prepared for operation,
it will alsorespond to the third digit to raise its wipers to the
third level In this level the primary selector X 500 will select an
idle local selector, such as the selector X 315 In the mean 84) time
however the viper X 1546 of the third office code register X 1540 will
be in engagement with contact 3 in the associated contact bank to
complete a circuit by way of the conductor XC 1566 on the terminal
block 85 XTB 152 ' and the conductor XC 889 to operate a third digit
local relay (not shown) in the controller X 600 portion of the
director to indicate that the third digit dialed by the calling
subscriber identifies the present ex 90 change and that the director
may be released from the connection The director upon being released
from the connection will interconnect the primary selector X 500 to
the calling subscriber line 'so that the last four 95 numerical digits
2201 dialed by the calling subscriber will now respectively control
the selector X 315, the selector X 320 and the connector X 395 (which
responds to the last two digits 01) to complete the connection to the
100 official PABX 101 It will be apparent that the translator XI 300
and other apparatus required in translating the three digits of a
called office code are not utilized in the telephone connections that
are comnleted be 105 tween local subscribers in the F Lorida 3
exchange The operation of the switching apparatus in the F Lorida 3
exchange whereby the director is released from the connection after
office code digits ( 353) of the F Lorida 110 3 exchange are
registered therein and whereby the remaining numerical digits of the
called number are dialed directly from the calling subscriber line to

32. the switching apparatus in order to complete a connection to 115
another local subscriber in the F Lorida 3 exchange is disclosed and
described in detail in the previously noted Patent Snecification
Serial No 692,999.
In view of the foregoing description, it will 120 be apparent that the
calling subscriber by dialine the seven dicits FL 3-2201 of the
directory number of the official PABX 101 will control the switching
apparatus to complete the above described telephone connec 125 tion In
the present system, it is also possible for the calling subscriber to
obtain connection with the above mentioned official PABX station by
merely dialing the three digits 101 A calling subscriber in the 130
785,734 F Lorida 3 exchange by dialing the three digits 101 to extend
a connection to the official PABX 101 having the directory number FL
3-2201, will register the digits respectively in the office code
registers X 1520, X 1530, X 1540 in the usual manner As a result of
the foregoing, the receive sequence switch X 1510 will have moved its
wipers into engagement with the contacts 4 terminating the conductor
XC 891 to complete the previously described circuit for the assigner
start relay XR 640 (Fig 2) The assigner start relay will again cause
the translator assigner X 1000 to find and connect with the particular
calling director and it will cause the connection of the decodel 400,
the code detecting circuit 500 and common translator X 1300 with the
director by operating the relay R 450 and it will connect the
translator to the coder X 1800 portion of the director by operating
the connect relay XR 1710 (Fig 9) in the manner previously described.
Since the digits 101 have been registered in the call register X 1500,
they in turn will complete circuits whereby these digits are
registered respectively in the hundreds register 401, the tens
register 402 and the units register 403 of the decodel 400 The latter
registers in turn complete circuits for operating the hundreds relay R
510 in accordance with the digit 1, the tens relay R 540 in accordance
with the tens digit 0 and the units relay R 550 in accordance with the
units digit 1 These relays operate in the manner previously described
herein, whereby a circuit is completed from the grounded conductor XC
1070 (Fig 5) by way of the contacts 560 on the operated units relay R
550, the contacts 541 on the operated 0 tens relay R 540, contacts 501
on the operated first hundreds relay R 510 conductor CIOI extending to
the terminal block XTB 1240, jumper J 10 I extending to the terminal
block XTB 1250 and then by way of the class relays 613 (not shown) to
operate a translate relay, such as the relay XR 1400 in the common
translator X 1300 (Fig 6) The operated translate relay XR 1400 is
permanently wired so that it will mark the WXYZ 11, WXYZ 12 and WXYZ
13 marking conductors in the cable C 640 in accordance with the digits
322 respectively Also, the operated translate relay X R 1400 is

33. permanently wired so that it will apply ground potential to the TA, TC
and TD marking conductors in the cable C 640 Consequently, the digits
322 will respectively be registered in the first, second and third
route registers in the coder X 1800 and the TA, TC and TD control
relays XR 1890, XR 1880 and XRI 875 will also be operated to perform
the specific controls in the director previously described.
As a result of the registration of the digit 3 in the first route
register (WXY Zi 1) ground potential is again applied to the conductor
XC 884 to operate the translation complete relay XR 810 in the
controller X 600 portion of the director in the manner previously
described Consequently, the decodel 400, the code detecting circuit
500 and the 70 translator X 1300 will be disconnected from the
director so that it may be used in translating office code digits
registered in other directors Also, the operation of the translate
complete relay XR 810 initiates opera 75 tion of the director whereby
the send sequence switch X 1650 and the send switch X 1660 co-operate
to transmit one after another, the three digits 322 registered in the
routing registers of the coder X 1800 The 80 first digit 3 transmitted
by the director in the above mentioned manner will control the primary
selector X 500 (Fig 1) in a conventional manner to raise its wipers to
the third level and then to rotate the wipers to select 85 a selector,
such as X 315 The second digit 2 transmitted by the director will
control the selectoil X 315 to raise its wipers to the second level
and to rotate its wipers over the selected level to search for and
connect with an idle 90 selector, such as the selector X 320 The third
digit 2 transmitted by the director will now control the selector X
320 to raise its wipers to the second level whereupon the wipers will
rotate over this level to search for and select 95 an idle connector,
such as the connector 1325.
The foregoing route registers are selected in the order named by the
send sequence switch X 1650 and since no digits have been 100
registered in the fourth to the sixth route register, the send
sequence switch will automatically skip these registers and move into
a position to start transmitting impulses corresponding to the digits
that may have been 105 registered in the seven registers of the call
register X 1500 Inasmuch as the three TA, TC and TD control relays R
1890, R 1880 and R 1875 are now in their operated positions, the
sequence switch will be controlled 110 to skip certain of the
registers in the call register X 1500 and not to skip certain other
registers More specially, the skip 17 conductor XC 1837, which
corresponds to the first office code register X 1520, will have 115
ground potential applied thereto and this ground potential will be
extended by way of the right-hand make contact 1884 on the operated TC
control relay XR 1880 to the skip conductor XC 1831 so that the send

34. sequence 120 switch X 1650 will skip the first office code register X
1520 Thus, the digit 3 registered in the first office code register
will not be transmitted The send sequence switch X 1650 will now apply
ground potential to 125 the skip 18 conductor XCI 838 but inasmuch as
the TA control relay XR 1890 is in its operated position, no ground
potential will at this time be connected to the skip common conductor
XC 1831 As a result of the fore 130 785,734 going, the send sequence
switch X 1650 and the send switch X 1660 will co-operate to transmit
the impulses corresponding to the digit 0 registered in the second
office code register X 1530 The impulses of this digit will control
the connector X 325 to raise its wipers to the tenth level in a
conventional manner.
The send sequence switch now applies ground potential to the skip 19
conductor XC 1839 and since the TA control relay XR 1890 is still in
its operated position, ground potential will not be connected at this
moment to the skip common conductor XC 1831 Accordingly, the digit 1
registered in the third office code register X 1540 will now be
transmitted by the director to the connector X 325 to rotate the
wipers over the selected level into engagement with the contacts 1
terminating the line of the official PABX 101 The send sequence switch
now takes an additional step to ground the skip conductor in an
attempt to transmit a digit that may be registered in the first
numerical register X 1610 in the call register X 1500 However, it is
noted that the TD control relay XR 1875 is in its operated posision to
close the contacts X 1876 to X 1879, inclusive The ground potential on
the skip 3020 conductor X 1840 will now be connected to the skip
common conductor XCI 831 so that any digit that may have been
registered in the first numerical register X 1610 will be skipped and
not transmitted by the director.
The same operations occur as the sequence switch sequentially applies
ground potential to the skip 21, 22 and 23 conductors XC 1841 to XC
1843 so that all of the numerical registers will be skipped by the
send sequence switch X 1650.
The director X 300 will now be released and disconnected from the
established connection so that the connection is completed between the
local subscriber in the F Lorida 3 exchange and the official PABX 101.
From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that the dialing of the
three digits 101 by a local subscriber will complete the connection to
the official PABX station having the direcn O tory number FL 3-2201
Other official PABX stations are also assigned regular seven digit
directory numbers so that they are available to subscribers in other
exchanges as well as to local subscribers in the -55 F Lorida 3
exchange, and they may also be assigned special three digit numbers,
in the manner described above, whereby local subscribers may establish

35. connections with desired official PABX stations by merely dialing the
appropriate three digit special number.
CALLS USING " O " AS THE FIRST DIGIT In certain areas in which toll
ticketing apparatus is provided, for example, the Los Angeles
Metropolitan area, the single digit 0 is utilized to automatically
route telephone connections to an operator position who can then
complete the connections on a manual or automatic basis With this
arrangement, the " O " operator may also reverse the 70 charges for
the connection by ascertaining from the called subscriber whether or
not they will accept the charge for the call In view of the fact that
the single digit " O " is used for operator calls, three digit called
75 office codes starting with the digit " O could not be used unless
some special provision is made in the director to distinguish between
the calls in which a single digit " O " is employed and other calls in
which the first digit 80 of a three digit office code is also the
digit 0.
In the present system, the director is arranged to recognize three
digit office codes having the first digit 0 and to complete them on an
automatic toll ticketing basis to the 85 called destination Also, the
director is arranged so that it will recognize single digit 0 calls
and to route such calls to the 0 operator position without requiring
the use of the decodel 400, the code detection circuit 500, 90 and the
common translator X 1300.
It is also possible with the present invention to have the same
exchange identified by two different three-digit office codes For
example the office code 031 of the Z Enith 95 1 and the office code
361 of the E Mpire l, may identify the same exchange Consequently, if
it is desired to reverse the charge for the connection, the office
code 031 of the Z Enith 1 exchange is dialed instead of the 100 digits
361 of the E Mpire 1 office code With this arrangement, the director
apparatus will route the call to the E Mpire 1 exchange, when the code
361 of the E Mpire 1 or the code 031 of the Z Enith 1 exchange is used
105 The toll ticketing apparatus in producing the record of the
connection will record either the Z Enith 1 called office code or the
E Mpire 1 office code depending upon the code dialed by the calling
subscriber and the Z Enith 1 110 code will indicate that the charge
for the particular connection is to be assessed against the called
subscriber station instead of the calling subscriber station With this
arrangement, business establishments in a suburban 113 area may
provide the reverse charge facilities for the convenience of their
customers so that all calls thereto will be made on a reverse charge
basis.
In order to describe the foregoing facili 120 ties, it will be assumed
that the calling subscriber in the F Lorida 3 exchange for example,

36. the calling subscriber at substation TS-3, has established a
connection in the conventional manner, by way of the line cir 125 cuit
X 405, the line finder X 440, primary selector X 500 director hunter X
450 and the miscellaneous relays X 1100 (Fig 3) in the director in
manner previously described It will also be assumed that the calling
sub 130 is 785,734 scriber has dialed the single digit " 0 " which is
registered, in the manner herein described, in the first office code
register X 1520 of the call register X 1500 portion of the director.
The registration of the single digit 0 in the first office code
register X 1520 will cause all of the wipers thereof to engage the
tenth contacts in the associated banks, whereby a circuit is completed
by the wiper X 1526 through the lower winding of the reverse charge
relay R 1600 to the pick-up conductor C 1603 Battery potential
momentarily appears on the pick-up conductor C 1603 approximately two
seconds before a ground pulse appears on the two second pulse
conductor C 1604 Thus, from two to four seconds may elapse before a
ground pulse will appear on the conductor C 1604.
In the present example, it has been assumed that only the single digit
0 has been dialed and, consequently, the receive sequence switch X
1510 will have advanced its wipers only one step Thus, the wiper X
1515 will engage the contact terminating the conductor XC 1231 to
complete a holding circuit for the reverse charge relay R 1600
provided the latter relay has been operated.
This holding circuit may be traced from the grounded conductor XC 794
(normally grounded by the controller X 600 portion of the director)
wiper X 1515, contacts 1601 and the upper winding of the relay R 1600,
to battery Within approximately two seconds after the relay R 1600
first operates, a ground pulse will appear on the two second pulse
conductor C 1604 to complete a circuit by way of the contacts 1602,
conductor XC 1518 extending to Fig 10, contacts 1859, and the winding
of the 0 operator relay XR 1850, to battery The O operator relay XR
1850 in the coder X 1800 (Fig 10) will immediately operate and lock
itself by way of its contacts 1858 to the grounded conductor XC 787 A
The latter conductor is grounded by the operated seizure relay XR 750
(Fig 2) in the controller X 600 portion of the director Since the 0
operator relay XR 1850 performs the same functions and controls that
are explained in detail in Patent Specification Serial No 712,508, the
description of its operation will not be repeated herein It should be
understood, however, that the 0 operator relay XR 1850 marks the first
and second route registers in the coder X 1800 in accordance with the
digits 5 and 8 respectively, so that the director will transmit the
two routing digits 5 and 8 to route the particular connection by way
of the primary selector X 500 and the special selector X 340 (Fig 1)
The primary selector X 500 will respond to the digit 5 and the special

37. selector X 340 will respond to the digit 8, both transmitted by the
director, in order to complete the connection to the 0 operator
position However, before the above mentioned connection is completed,
it should be noted that the 0 operator relay XR 1850, at its contacts
X 1856, completes an obvious circuit for operating the TD control
relay XR 1875 In view of the fact that the 70 TA, TB and TC control
relays XR 1890, XR 1885 and XR 1880 are in their restored position and
the TD control relay XR 1875 is in its operated position, the skip 17
to skip 23 conductors XC 1837 to XC 1843, inclusive, 75 will be
sequentially grounded by the send sequence switch X 1650, so that the
skip common conductor XC 1831 will cause the send sequence switch to
skip all of the registers in the call register X 1500 80 It is noted
that the above described operation of the director to route a call to
the 0 operator position in response to the dialing of the single digit
0 is similar to the operation described in Patent Specification Serial
85
No 712,508 However, in the present arrangement, the reverse charge
relay R 1600 has been placed in the circuit to introduce a
predetermined delay interval before the 0 operator relay XR 1850 can
be op 90 erated The reason for this delay will be more apparent in
connection with a call in which three digit called office code
utilizes the digit 0 as a first digit.
The remaining operations of the director 95 in completing the above
described connection to the " O " operator position and the release of
the director is exactly the same as is explained in the above noted
Patent Specification Serial No 712,508 and will not 100 be repeated at
this time It is important to note that the translator assigner X 1000,
the decodel 400, the code detecting circuit 500, and the translator X
1300 are not utilized on " O " operator calls 105 REVERSE CHARGE As
pointed out previously, certain calls may be made to the E Mpire 1
exchange on a reverse charge basis by merely substituting the called
office code 031 of the Z Enith 110 1 exchange for the office code 361
of the E Mpire 1 exchange The reversal of charge for the connection is
accomplished by recording the exchange name Z Enith 1 instead of the
exchange name E Mpire 1 The mere 115 fact that the toll ticketing
information produced in connection with the telephone call has a Z
Enith 1 office code is sufficient indication to the telephone company
that the charge for that particular call should be 120 made against
the called subscriber substation instead of against the calling
subscriber substation as is the usual case Another point of importance
in connection with a call in which the called office code has a first
digit 125 0 is that the director must distinguish between a single
digit 0 call that is to be routed to the operator and a three-digit
office code having a first digit 0 that must be routed to the exchange

38. identified by the three digit 130 785,734 office code.
In order to describe the foregoing facilities provided in the director
of the present system, it will be assumed that the calling subscriber
in the F Lorida 3 exchange makes the same type of call as described
above where only a single digit 0 is dialed into the director The
single digit 0 is registered in the first office code register X 1520
and no further digits are dialed by the subscriber As a result
thereof, the reverse charge relay R 1600 is locked in its operated
position so that the call is routed to the 0 operator position
However, if the calling subscriber should continue to dial additional
digits so that a three digit called office code is registered in the
three office code registers X 1520, X 1530 and X 1540 in the manner
previously described, the receive sequence switch X 1510 will be
positioned to open the locking circuit for the relay R 1600 so that
the relay will then be in its restored position to prevent the call
from being routed to the 0 operator position.
If it is assumed that the office code 031 of the Z Enith 1 exchange is
registered in the office code registers of the call register X 1500,
the above mentioned locking circuit for the upper winding of relay R
1600 will be opened in less than two seconds after the relay is first
operated by the battery pulse transmitted over the pick-up conductor C
1603 The relay R 1600 will continue to be operated at spaced intervals
by the battery pulse of the conductor C 1603 but this battery pulse
will be removed from the last mentioned conductor before the two
second pulse appears on the conductor C 1604.
Therefore, the relay R 1600 will be in its restored position when the
pulse appears on the conductor C 1604 This will prevent the 0 operator
relay XR 1850 in the coder X 1800 from being operated even though a
first digit 0 of a three digit called office code is registered in the
first office code register X 1520.
More specifically, the wiper X 1526 will apply ground potential to the
circuit for the lower winding of the relay R 1600 in response to the
registration of the digit 0 When the battery pulse is received on the
conductor C l 603, the relay will operate and, at its contacts 1601,
it can lock itself in its operated position to the previously
described circuit including the wiper X 1515 and the grounded
conductor XC 794 If the second digit is immediately registered in the
second office code register X 1530, receive sequence switch X 1510
will advance its wipers one step to interrupt the holding circuit for
the upper winding of relay R 1600 The latter relay will continue to
operate and restore each time a pick-up pulse is received over the
conductor C 1603 but since the pick-up pulse on the conductor C 1603
is removed therefrom before the two second ground pulse appears on the
conductor C 1604, the relay R 1600 will be in its restored nosition

39. The 0 operator relay XR 1850 ii the coder XI 500 cannot be operated if
one or moare digits are recistered in the call register X 1500 after
the digit 0 70 is registered in the first office code register X 1520
therein.
With the digits 031 registered respectively in the office code
registers of the call register X 1500, the controller X 600 portion of
75 the director will be controlled in the manner previously described
whereby the digits 031 are registered respectively in the hundreds.
tens and units registers 401, 402 and 403 in the decodel 400 (Fig 4 '
and these registers 80 in turn will control the corresponding
hundreds, tens and units relay in the code detecting circuit 500 so
that a particular terminal 031 on the terminal block XTB 1240 is
selected and marked with a ground poten 85 tial This terminal may be
connected by way of the jumper 10331 to the terminal block XTB 1250 to
operate for example the translate relay XR 1401 in the translator X
1300.
This translate relay may be the same trans 90 late relay that is
individual to the office code digits 361 of the E Mpire I exchange
Consequently the translate relay XR 1401 may be operated either as a
result of dialing the code digits 361 of the E Mpire 1 exchange or 9 a
the code digits 031 of the Z Enith 1 exchange.
The same routing translation is produced for either of the above
office codes and these translations are registered in the coder X 1800
in the manner previously described 100 so that the proper routing
digits may be transmitted by the send sequence switch X 1650 and the
send switch X 1660 In other words, the digits 4 and 8 registered in
the routing registers of the coder X 1800 are first 105 transmitted
The selected translate relay XR 1401 will also be arranged so that it
will cause the operation of the TB control relay XR 1885 Thus, the
first and second code digits 03 of the office code 031 registered in
110 the office code registers of the call register X 1500 will not be
transmitted However.
the last digit 1 of the office code 031 and the four numerical digits
of the called subscriber station in the called exchange (E Mpire 1)
115 will be transmitted to complete the connection.
In the above description it is assumed that the registration of the
digits 031 of the Z Enith 1 exchange will select the same trans 120
late relay XR 1401 that is selected whenever the digits 361 of the E
Mpire 1 exchange are registered It should be understood, however, that
another translate relay may be provided having its terminals
permanently 125 wired to control the director to transmit any desired
routing digits, as well as certain combinations of the digits
registered in the call register X 1500.
In any event the completed connection 130 785 734 between the two

40. subscribers will be recorded in the manner previously explained but in
the present case in which the Z Enith 1 exchange code is registered as
the called exchange of the telephone connection, the corresponding
code will be printed or perforated on the toil ticket that is produced
as a result of the connection The information on the toll tickets is
usually scanned by billing machines provided in the telephone exchange
These billing machines are arranged so that they will make a charge
for the call against a calling subscriber station, which in the
present call would be a subscriber in the F Lorida 3 exchange However,
the machines may be arranged so that they will sort out calls in which
the called exchange is identiged as the Z Enith 1 exchange so that
such calls will be charged against the called station instead of the
calling station This is possible because the Z Enith 1 called exchange
code and the numerical digits of the directory number identify the
particular station in the E Mpire 1 exchange that has subscribed for
the reverse charge service and has agreed to pay for all calls
received at the station It should also be apparent that the station in
the E Mpire 1 exchange having the reverse charge service may also be
called by dialing the regular office code digits 361 of the E Mpire 1
exchange In the latter event, the charge for the call will be made
against the calling station in the F Lorida 3 exchange instead of
against the called station in the E Mpire 1 exchange.
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* GB785735 (A)
Description: GB785735 (A) ? 1957-11-06
Improvements in cigarette packages
Description of GB785735 (A)
A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available

41. amongst the following family members:
DE942859 (C)
DE942859 (C) less
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in Cigarette Packages
I, KURT KORBER, a German Citizen, of 10 Am Pfingstberg,
Hamburg-Bergedorf,
Germany, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a
patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be
performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement:
The invention relates to a cigarette packing, particularly the
so-called soft packings, in which a finger grip or tearer strip is
provided for opening the top closure of the package, which strip is
disposed in the form of a loop around the folds of the top closure and
has for its purpose to tear off the sealing strip located over the top
closure before the top closure is opened. Such packings are known in
themselves. The packing according to the invention differs from the
known arrangements by a new method of forming the loop of the finger
grip strip.
In the known packings the fold lines of the finger grip strip
necessary for forming the loop, run not only perpendicularly to the
longitudinal edge of the strip but also at an angle of for example 45"
to the longitudinal edges of the strip so that the loops thereof
protect laterally from the flaps of the top closure to be opened and
thus on gripping the strip there is the danger that the loops may
slide off the flaps and the packing is not opened. This danger is
further increased by the fact that in tearing the sealing band a
considerable tearing force is involved which must be absorbed by the
loops of the finger grip strip.
In order to permit a satisfactory tearing of the sealing band and to
ensure a reliable opening of the packing the invention provides that
the loops of the finger grip strip are formed by three folds running

42. perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the strip and the
loops run in such a way that the flap of the narrow end side of the
top closure, lying at the bottom, is surrounded by an inwardly closed
loop and the two flaps of the wider side of the top closure lying on
theln-by an outwardly closed loop.
In order however that only one corner of the top closure shall be
opened one part of the top closure is separated by cuts made in the
wider flaps from the remaining part which is stuck down by means of a
sealing label which secures this top closure part to the side walls of
the packing. It will be seen that by the said loop formation
satisfactory opening of part of the top closure is reliably permitted
so that the finger grip strip can also be used at the same time for
lifting the first cigarettes. Said so-called lifter strips are known
in themselves but the combination with a finger grip strip which
preliminarily tears off the sealing band have not been known
heretofore.
The invention offers a series of further advantages; in the first
place it is advantageous that for forming the folds running only
perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the strip a much more
simple mechanism is necessary than is required for the known angular
folds. The strip can be led in a flexible manner through the machine
together with the flap folders. Since difficult oblique folding of the
strip is avoided, the loop sections which become operative for lifting
the flaps can be made as long as required.
A further advantage is that at every phase of the opening the force
applied thereto encounters an appropriate counter force in the
following phase. Thus the upper outward loop of the finger grip strip
provides a counter resistance necessary for the tearing of the sealer
band and the inner loop lying at the bottom and surrounding the end
flap is supported likewise for lifting the two side flaps.
It is also of importance that by the simple and satisfactory folding
of the finger grip strip the opened section of the top closure which
is merely folded up but not torn off can always be again folded down
and then closed after returning the cigarettes raised thereby but not
withdrawn, whereby the finger grip strip automatically follows the
fold formation.
The invention will be described on the basis of the accompanying
drawing which shows the production of the packings in their successive
phases.
According to Fig. 1 the finger grip strip 1 is wrapped in U-form
around the block Z of cigarettes so that the finger grip end la
projects upward to a sufficient extent. 2 indicates the tin foil blank
which is provided with slits 2a and 2b on the parts forming the wider
sides of the top closure. This blank 2 is folded in known manner

43. according to Fig.
2 about the cigarette block. In the position in Fig. 2 the flaps 2c
and 2d of the two wider sides of the top closure to be formed later
stand vertically upwards while the flaps 2e and 2f on the narrower
side of the packing are already folded inwards. On folding the flap 2f
the strip 1 is also folded inwardly as an inwardly closed loop so that
as shown in Fig. 7 a loop S1 is formed which surrounds the end flap
2f. Then as shown in Fig. 3 the flaps 2c and 2d are folded inwards and
then the outer shell 5 is fitted in known manner around the whole tin
foil liner as shown in Fig. 4. Then the flaps 2c are stuck down by
means of a sealing label 3 folded into U-shape in such manner that the
top closure formed by the flaps 2c remains joined firmly with the
packing shell 5. Then as shown in Fig. 5 the finger grip 1 is folded
into the plane of the flaps 2c over the sealing label 3 so that, as
shown in Fig. 7, an outwardly closed further loop S., is formed which
surrounds the two side closure flaps 2d (see Fig. 5). Finally the
sealing band 4 is stuck down over the horizontal loop of the finger
grip strip 1 as shown in Fig. 6 in such manner that the slits 2ffi.
are covered and the free end la of the strip 1 projects suffiiciently
far over the sealing band 4 to provide an easily gripped end icc.
From Fig. 7 is will be seen clearly that only three folds F1, F and F3
are required for forming the double loop which all run perpendicularly
to the longitudinal direction of the strip 1. If the packing is to be
opened the finger grip end icc is lifted and first the sealing band 4
is torn. For this purpose the outer loop S provides the necessary
counter pressure so that after tearing the sealing band by the loop S
the tvo lateral flaps 2d are lifted and come to the position shown in
Fig. 2, while the side flaps 2c remain in their closed position by
means of the sealing label 3.
If the strip 1 is further lifted then the end flap 2f is erected by
the loop S1. The finger grip strip then takes an extended position
somewhat as indicated by Fig. 1 so that the adjacent first cigarettes
can be pulled out upwardly. After the first cigarette ha beep
withdrawn the lifted cigarettes can be pressed back into the package
and thereby the strip is again carried with them down to the bottom of
the package. If the packing is to be again closed the end flap 2f and
then the two side flaps 2d need to be folded down into the position
shown in Fig. 4. Then the strip automatically follows these fold
movements so that it lies in the position shown in Fig. 4.
Thus it only need be folded to the Fig. 5 position.
In Specification No. 785,076 (19380/55).
a method for packing cigarettes or the like in a soft package is
described which is characterised in that a finger grip strip withdrawn
'from a magazine or from a reel is folded around part of a cigarette

44. block and projects to a certain extent bevond the length thereof,
these operations being performed in a modified packing machine of
known type or of desired type before the cigarette block is brought
against a tin foil wrapper provided with slits or perforations at two
opposed points so that the projecting end of the strip is folded in on
folding the top closure in such manner that it is in the form of a
loop enclosed by a corner section of the top closure separated from
the rest of the top closure by means of the slits or perforations and
is arranged to lie above the finally folded top closure and below the
sealing element subsequently to be applied thereto and projects
therefrom.
What I claim is:
1. A soft packing in which a finger grip strip is provided for opening
the top closure of the packing, which strip is laid in the form of
loops about the folds of the top closure and serves initially for
tearing the sealer band extending over the top closure before the
latter is opened, characterised in that the loops of the finger grip
strip are formed by three folds running perpendicularly to the
longitudinal direction of the strip and the loops run in such a way
that the flap of the narrow end side of the top closure, lying at the
bottom, is surrounded by an inwardly closed loop and the two flaps of
the wider side of the top closure lying on them are surrounded by an
outwardly closed loop.
2. Soft packing according to Claim 1 for cigarettes characterised in
that the finger grip strip is provideid with an outer end portion and
the other end thereof is folded in
U-form around the cigarette block.
3. Soft packing according to Claims 1 and 2 characterised in that a
part of the top closure is firmly connected by a sealing label with
the outer shell of the packing.
4. Soft packing including a finger grip or tearer strip substantially
as herein described and illustrated.
* GB785736 (A)
Description: GB785736 (A) ? 1957-11-06
Improvements in or relating to straight bar knitting machines

45. Description of GB785736 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATION
Inventor: ANTON LOGIMANN 785,736 Date of Application and filing
Complete Specification: Oct 10, 1955.
No 28838/55.
Complete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 74 ( 2), C(IC 1: 15).
International Classification:-DO 4 b.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or relating to Straight Bar Knitting Machines We, ARWA
FEINSTRUMPFWIRKEREI G.M B H, 'Gerberstrasse 32-36, Backnang/
Wurttemberg, Germany, a I Body Corporate organised according to the
laws of Germany, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray
that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to
be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement: -
This invention relates to straight-bar knitting machines having
dividing sinkers and jack sinkers.
With the increase in operating speed and delicacy of straight-bar
knitting machines there is a danger of the edges of the 'butts of the
sinkers catching against each other At high speeds even slight
vibration of the catch bar can cause the edges of the butts of the
dividing sinkers to catch against the edges of the butts of the jack
sinkers when the sunk loops are being divided.
One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a
construction which will largely overcome this difficulty, According to
the present invention there are provided guide means which guide the
butts of the dividing sinkers and the butts of the jack sinkers
relatively to each other in every position thereof Said guide means
may comprise suitably shaped enlargements (sinker backs) on adjacent
sinkers which overlap in all positions resulting from relative
movements in operation The enlargements may be 'of the butts as a
whole or form projections thereon.
Several constructional examples of the invention are illustrated in
the accompanying drawings.
In the example according to 'Fig 1, the butt 3 of a jack sinker 1 and
the butt 4 of a dividing sinker 2 are enlarged as a whole to such a
width that even after the loops have been sunk, the butt 4 of the
dividing sinker 2 overlaps the butt 3 of the jack sinker 1 and it is
not possible for the edges of the butts to catch against each other.
According to the example in Fig 2 the same effect is achieved as in
the preceding example by providing the butt 3 ' of the jack sinker 1,

46. which is: of normal width, with a projection 5 which overlaps the butt
4 in every position of the two sinkers 1 and 21 Alternatively, as the
example according to Fig 3 shows, the butt 4 of the dividing sinker 2
can be provided with a projection 6 which overlaps the butts 3 of the
two adjacent jack sinkers 1 irrespective of the positions of the
sinkers,
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* 5.8.23.4; 93p
* GB785737 (A)
Description: GB785737 (A) ? 1957-11-06
Maintenance of brightness in bleached wood pulp
Description of GB785737 (A)
A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available
amongst the following family members:
BE542859 (A) CH341706 (A) DE1043789 (B) FR1153424 (A)
CH348044 (A) DE1049222 (B) FR1159573 (A)
BE542859 (A) CH341706 (A) DE1043789 (B) FR1153424 (A)
CH348044 (A) DE1049222 (B) FR1159573 (A) less
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.

47. PATENT SPECIFICATION
Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Oct 24, 1955.
785,737 No 30309155.
t, 1 Application made in United States of America on Nov19, 1954.
Complete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Classes 15 ( 2), A 1 (AIR 3:C 1 B); and 9 %, B(
131 X:13 X:14 X).
International Classification:-DO 61, D 21 h.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Maintenance of Brightness in Bleached Wood Pulp We, FOOD MACHIN-EMY
AND CHEMICAL Co R Po P, k Ti Ox, a Corporation organized and existing
under the laws of the State of Delaware, United States of America,
located at 1105, Coleman Street, San Jose, State of California, United
States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray
that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to
be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement:This invention pertains to a method of making
brightness-stable pulp and more particularly to a method of making
bleached chemical pulps brightness-stable during storage.
In pulp and paper mill practice, paper making pulps are ordinarily
dried or dewatered to a relatively high density to prepare them for
storing or economical shipping At this stage, the pulps have generally
been bleached to the brightness level necessary to make them suitable
for preparing a paper furnish In other words, the pulps at this stage
are ordinarily at the brightness level of at least 50 to 60 GE units
and most often at the brightness level of about 70 to 85 GE units At
the same time the pulps will be at a relatively high density,
generally in the range of 75 % to 90 % Attainment of the necessary
brightness level in bleaching chemical pulps is obviously connected
with appreciable bleaching costs and it is v-ery important that a
brightness level once obtained in bleaching the pulp be preserved so
that a pulp bleached, for example to a brightness of 80 GE units wvill
show substantially the same brightness after prolonged shipping and
storing periods preceding the time at which the bleached pulp is
actually used in making up a paper furnish Any loss of brightness
during that period is objectionable lPrir >.
and represents partly a wasted effort in bleaching and partly a
serious inconvenience to the paper maker.
Overbleaching of the pulp to take care of brightness loss during
storage or ship 50 ing is also objectionable, partly because of cost
but mainly because overbleaching is apt to cause fiber damage.
It is however, well known that bleached chemical pulps, dried or
dewatered to a 55 high density for storing and shipping purposes, will
ordinarily suffer a brightness decrease This brightness decrease is

48. particularly pronounced in the case of semi or fully-bleached chemical
pulps in 60 the brightness range of about 70 to 85 GE units Another
factor contributing to brightness loss is the heat retained in baled
bleached pulp that has been dried on conventional equipment The
brightness loss 65 in such pulp is still more pronounced than the
brightness loss in bleached pulps which are either stored moist or are
partially dried at low drying temperatures prior to storage All in
all, the problem 70 of preserving the obtained brightness during
storage and shipping of such pulp is an important one to the pulp and
paper-making industry.
We have now found that the bleached 75 brightness of chemical pulps
brought to a relatively high density of 75 % to 90 %' after bleaching
can be maintained if there is present in the bleached high density
pulp a certain very small amount of 80 hydrogen peroxide and if,
moreover, the pulp at this stage is within a critical p H range
Neither the presence of hydrogen peroxide alone nor p H adjustment
alone will maintain original bleach brightness 85 of the bleached high
density pulp It is essential that both hydrogen peroxide content of
the bleached high density pulp and its p H are at a certain critical
level just prior to storage or shipment 90 785,737 The invention
consists in a method of maintaining brightness level in bleached
chemical wood pulp having a pulp density of 75 % to 90 % and having a
p H within the range of 6 to 10 characterized by the step of
incorporating in the bleached pulp 0 02 % to 0 25 % of hydrogen
peroxide based on the weight of the pulp, and obtained from an aqueous
alkaline hydrogen peroxide solution or a material generating hydrogen
peroxide in aqueous solution.
In accordance with the method of this invention, pulps will maintain
their initial brightness for considerable periods of time if the pulp
p H is between about 6 and 10 while approximately O 02 to 0 25 % H 2
02 by weight is present in the pulp.
Such pulps may be stored or shipped and after 4 to 6 weeks will be
found to possess their original brightness level.
The particular pulp p H required will depend to an extent on the pulp
type, pulp brightness and pulp purity Pulps of higher brightness and
higher purity will preferably be prepared to fall in the lower part of
the p H range indicated, whereas pulps of lower brightness and lower
purity, for instance pulps containing quantities of noncellulosic
matter, will preferably fall in the higher part of the p H range The
particular p H to be chosen within the range given will also he
affected by the mode of treatment and the amount of hydrogen peroxide
used In the examples of the disclosure the p H values given have been
determined by reslurrying the pulp to a density of about 1 to "% and
measuring the p H in that slurry by electrometric means.

49. Ordinarily hydrogen peroxide will be used as the oxidizing agent in
this method hut other percompounds yielding hydrogen peroxide when
dissolved in water may also be used The amount of hydrogen peroxide
which is required to maintain pulp brightness in the sense of this
invention is approximately between O 02 and 0.2 a% 1 H 202 by weight.
Ordinarily, an alkali will lbe required in addition to the hydrogen
peroxide to adjust the pulp p H to the preferred range of 6 to 10 The
nature of the alliali to be used is not critical and alkalies such as
pyrophosphates, tripolyphosphates, other phosphates or borates of
alkali metals, sodium silicate, sodium carbonate, or sodium hydroxide
may he used.
If desired auxiliary azents such as sequestering agents w-ettin'g
agents or the like may be used in addition to the alkali.
Because of the wide yariations in properties of bleached chemical
puips preliminary tests w-ill often be necessary to determine the
hydrogen peroxide and alkali requirements sufficient to produce in a
given bleached high density pulp the hydrogen and p H level suitable
for preserving the initial bleached lrightuess:, 70 The various
examples given later illustrate in detail the method of this invention
but, although the 11202 and p H requirements will always he within the
range specified above, optimum results may be obtained 75 for a given
pulp only after preliminary testing.
The method of this invention is genera'ly 1 applicable to all
commercial types of bleached chemical and bleached 80 semi-chemical
pulps such as Kraft soda or sulphite pulps.
The particular manner ill whill te hydrogen peroxide and if required,
alkali or auxiliary chemicals, is incorporated into 85 the bleached
high density pulp are not critical and no particular method of
incorporating these agents into the pulp is claimed here The hydrogen
peroxide and the alkali, if required may he ineorpor 90 ated into the
bleaehed pulp during or followiing meehaniii( l dewvatering or if the
pulp is subjected to a drying operation.
these chemicals mar be incorporated before during or alter dryiing the
pulp 95 The only critleal requiiement is that the bleached high
density pulp contain the prescribed amount of HW 1 O and have the
proper p H before baling or otherwise readying the pulp for storage
and or 100 shipment.
The chemicals required by the method of this invention will ordinarily
be used in aqueous solutions These solutions may he introduced into
the pulp by any conv-en 105 ventional blending equipment by mechanical
pressure rolls or by spraying The chemicals can also be introduced
into the pulp bcy exposing the pulp to a mist or vapor of those
solutions Wherever the 11 presence of alkali is necessary for p HI
adjustment: that is to say wherever more than one chemical is to be

50. introduced into the pulp, the chemicals may he introduced jointly in
the form of a mixed 115 solution.
The bleached pulp to be treated in accordance with this invention may
he in sheet form or in crumb form and the mode of application of
chemicals will obi-viously 120 be dictated by the pulp form: that is,
sheet or cruimbj However, in either case the actual (hoice of mode of
apulication of chemicals is not critical and amy natode of
applicatioln suitable or dcsi a 1 lc under tbe 125 particular
operating con dvi mn pnevailling mar be chosen.
As further illstrtcd th oxomnples the process of this fin-ention
reisults in substantially maintainin'g the blleached 130 785,737
brightness of the pulp particularly in the pulp brightness ranges
considered here; namely from about 50 GE units to 80 GE units The
method of the invention will not appreciably, if at all, increase pulp
brightness beyond the initial bleached brightness of the pulp but
provides a simple, efficient and economical way substantially to
preserve and maintain the brightness obtained in initial bleaching of
the pulp regardless of the particular bleaching method employed and
whether the bleachant was chlorine or peroxide or a combination of
chlorine or peroxide bleaching steps.
EXAMPLE 1
Bleached soda pulp of 81 4 GE units brightness was mechanically
dewatered, passed through a pulp drying machine and then baled After a
storage period' of '3 weeks, the brightness of this baled pulp had
dripped to 78 5 GE inits.
Another sample of the same bleached soda pulp of 81 brightness was
mechanically dewatered Hydrogen peroxide and sodium tripolyphosphate
were then incorporated into the pulp which substantially was dried and
at this point contained 0.0251 % 11202 on an oven dry basis while the
pulp p H was 6 7 After baling, the pulp was stored for three weeks at
the end of which time the pulp brightness was 81.7 or substantially
the same as the initial.
EXAMPLE 2
Another sample of the same soda pulp, as used in Example 1 with a
bleached brightness of 81 4 was again mechanically dewatered Hydrogen
peroxide and sodium pyrophosphate were then incorporated into the pulp
The pulp was then dried to approximately 75 % density and subjected to
an accelerated aging test by being exposed for 16 hours in a closed
container to a temperature of 600 C Before aging, the pulp was at a p
H 6 5 and contained O 075 % 11202 on a dry pulp basis After the aging
test, the pul;p brightness was 81 8 whereas a similar sample of the
same bleached soda pulp aged without' hydrogen peroxide treatment
dropped in brightness upon agin ' to 777.
N sample of the same soda pulp containinig before aging, O 075 % 11202

51. but having a p H of 5 5 showed brightness drop from an initial
brightness of 81 4 to 77.3 during the accelerated aging test.
This indicates the importance of proper pulp p H.
EXAMPLE 3
Southern Pine Kraft pulp was bleached in a conventional manner to 84 1
GE units brightness and dewatered It was then dried approximately 75 %
density, baled and stored for 2 weeks Due to the drving treatment,
initial baled pulp temperature was approximately 600 C and this
temperature dropped to about 250 C.
during' the storage period At the end of 70 the storage period,
original pulp brightness had dropped from 84 1 to 79 8.
A sample of the same bleached Kraft pulp was mechanically dewatered
Hydrogen peroxide, sodium tripolyphosphate, 75 and a sequestering
agent (the sodium salt of ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid) were then
incorporated into the pulp The pulp was then dried to approximately 75
% density, baled, and stored for 2 weeks 80 The initial pulp
temperature was again about 60 C 1 C and dropped to about 250 C.
during the storage period The baled pulp contained 0 03 % H 202 and
showed a p H of 7 4 Pulp brightness after storage 85 was 84 2 or
essentially the same as the original pulp brightness of 84 1.
EXAMPLE 4
Kraft pulp bleached in a conventional manner was dried to
approximately 80 % 90 density, at which time the brightness was 81.4
It was then baled and stored for 4 weeks At that time the brightness
had dropped to 79 2.
Another sample of the same Kraft pulp 95 was dried in a dryer to
approximately % density The pulp leaving the dryer was sprayed with an
aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide and thereafter contained O 13 %
11202 on an O D l)asis while 100 pulp p H was 8 2 After 4 week storage
period, pulp brightness was still 81 8.
EX MPLE 5 Kraft pulp bleached to 83 8 brightness 105 was sheeted and
passed through a conventional wet press and then pressed again to
about 48 % density The sheet was passed through a dryer, baled, and
stored for 26 days At the end of this 110 storage period, original
brightness of 83 8 had dropped to 78 3.
A sample of the same Kraft pulp was dewatered by pressing to form a
sheet of about 40 % density Into this sheet were 115 then incorporated
sodium silicate, sodium hydroxide and a sequestering agent (the sodium
salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) Then the pulp was passed
through a wet press which further 120 increased pulp density to about
48 % and at this stage hydrogen peroxide was incorporated in the pulp
sheet which was then passed through a conventional dryer At this
point, the pulp contained O 07 % H/o 102 125 and had a p H of 8 7
After baling the pulp was stored for 26 days at the end of which

52. period pulp brightness was found to he 84 8 or substantially the same
as the initial pulp brightness 1 o 785,737 EXAMPLE 6
Suilplite pulp bleached in a conventional mianner to a brightness of
85 8 and pressed and dried to approximately 80 % density was stored
for S days At this time, original pulp brightness of 85 8 ihad 3 ipped
to 79 9.
A sample of the salime bleached sulphite pulp was pressed and
hydroggen peroxide and sodium tripolyphosphate were ineorporated into
the pulp which was then dried to approximately 50 % density The pulp
before storage contained about 0 1 % Th 02 and had a p H of about 73
After R days storage the pulp brightness was found to he 83 8 the same
as the initial plilp brightness.
Ex Ai Pr LE 7 Northern hardwood Kraft pulp hleached in the
conventional manner to about 84 brightness was dewatered and dried 10
about 75 % density, then baled and stored.
After storage for 24 days pulp brightness bad dropped from an original
84 to 78 7.
Another sample of the same bleached Kraft pulp was de-watered Hydrogen
peroxide sodium silicate and sodium.
hydroxide were incorporated into the pulp before drying to about 73 %
density.
At this point the pulp contained O 07 % H 202 and showed a p H of 9 7
After baling and storing for 24 days the pulp showed a brightness of
856 indicating that original brightness had remained substantially
unchanged.
EXAM 1 PLE R A sample of sulphite pulp of 60 brightness uwas dewatered
to about o 5 % density and then dried at 120 CC to 75 % density.
Immediately after drying, the pulp was subjected to an accelerated
aging test by being exposed in a closed container for 32 hours to a
temperature of 500 C The original brightness of 60 dropped during that
aging test to 57 9.
Another sample of the same pulp was dewatered to about 35 % density
and hvdroren peroxide sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide were
incorporated lefore drying the pulp at 120 C to about % density At
this point the pulp contained Q 150/ 11202 and had a p IT of 8 9.
After subjecting this pulp to the same aging test a brightness of 61 1
was found indicating that original brightness had been maintained.
A sample of neutral sulp ite heinical pulp of about, 1 irilhtnless
w-as dewatered to 35 % densitl ail then dried at 1 '0-(' 60 to result
in a density of approximately 73 % This pulp 'is then subjected to an
accelerated af ii, test h heim" exposed in a closed container f 1 16
hours to a temperature of 60 'C The hrightness was 65 found to have
dropped to 47.
Another sample of the same pulp w-as also dewvatered tn:3 % density

53. and tllen hydrogen perox'ide anid sod ll Iripolyphosphate were
inlorporated into the pulp 70 prior to drying at 120 (j, to about 753
% densitl' At this time the pulp contained 0.12 % H 0 and showed a p-I
of 6 7 This pulp was also sulbjectedl to the aging test After aging,
the pulp lrightness 75 was found to be 50 _ 5 indi O ating that
original brightness Lad b 3 een well maintained.
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* GB785738 (A)
Description: GB785738 (A) ? 1957-11-06
Improvements in and relating to friction clutches
Description of GB785738 (A)
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
PATENT SPECIFICATION
Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Nov 9, 1955.

54. 785,738 No 32001155.
Complete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 80 ( 2), Cl(C 1:C 1 10:E 1).
International Classification:-FO 6 d.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in and relating to Friction Clutches I, JAN Ku Bic E, of
7 Xaveriova, Praha -XVI, Czechoslovakia, a Czechoslovak Citizen, do
hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be
granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed to be
particularly described in and by the following statement:The present
invention relates to centrifugal clutches of the kind comprising an
inner clutch member which is keyed to the drive shaft, an outer clutch
member which is keyed to, or connected with, the driven shaft, and a
frictional coupling mechanism arranged between the inner clutch member
and the outer clutch member and actuated by centrifugal force, and the
invention is particularly concerned with clutches of this kind which
effect the coupling between the drive shaft and the driven shaft only
after the drive shaft has reached almost its full speed Such clutches
are required for many drives, since many driving motors have to be
started without load An important example of such driving motors is an
electric induction motor with squirrel-cage rotor This motor develops
a small torque at low speeds, and draws a heavy current from the mains
when started under load.
If such a motor is connected to the driven shaft through an
automatically acting clutch which effects the coupling just before 1
he motor reaches full speed, satisfactory starting conditions are
obtained and larger motors can be connected to the mains.
It is the object of the present invention to devise a clutch of the
kind above mentioned which is reliable in service, yet simple in its
design and therefore capable of being manufactured at low costs.
The centrifugal clutch according to the invention differs from known
clutches of the kind above mentioned in that the lPrice 3/6 l coupl
ing mechanism comprises a cylindrical transversely split spring which
is mounted on the inner clutch member so that it is caused to follow
its rotary movement, but is free to expand in a radial 50 direction
and which is provided with a friction lining to engage the cylindrical
easing of the outer clutch member by which it is surrounded, and
several weights which are arranged to form a ring sur 55 rounding the
inner clutch member so that they are in frictional engagement with the
inner clutch member, yet are free to move in a radial direction due to
centrifugal action against the action of spring means 60 so as to
exert pressure against the cylindrical split spring to cause the
latter to expand and to engage the outer clutch member.
A constructional example of the centri 65 fugal clutch according to

55. the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to
the accompanying drawings wherein Fig 1 shows a longitudinal section
along the line I-I of Fig 2 and Fig 270 is a cross section along the
line II-II of Fig 1.
As shown, the inner clutch member 1 has the form of a sleeve Its
central bore is provided with a key groove for fastening 75 the sleeve
to the drive shaft, not shown.
At the left hand end, as shown in Fig 1, the sleeve is provided with a
radially projecting flange which has an annular groove 2 The sleeve is
surrounded by a cylin-80 drical outer clutch member which is mounted
free to rotate about the sleeve 1 by means of ball bearings 10 which
are accommodated within an annular space left between the sleeve and
the outer clutch 85 member in the region where the sleeve has the
smaller diameter The two ball bearings are kept apart by a distance
ring, and the annular space is closed by a ring with a seal 12 A
similar seal is provided 90 785,738 at the other end of the annular
space for the ball bearings.
The coupling mechanism of the clutch comprises a cylindrical
transversely split steel spring 7 which normally rests on the edg es
-which border the said cylindrical groove 2 of the flange The groove
is thus enclosed by the spring The cylindrical spring is cut in a
transverse direction so that a gap is left between the cut ends and a
projection 9 of the edges of the flange extends into the gap whereby
the cylindrical spring 7 is caused to follow the rotary movement of
the inner clutch member, i e, the sleeve 1 The cylindrical spring
carries at its outer side a friction lining 8, and normally, i e, when
the clutch is at rest, a small gap is left between the friction lining
and the inner face of the cylindrical wall of the outer clutch member
which surrounds the flange of the inner clutch member.
Weights 3 are arranged in the annular groove 2 The weights form
sections of a ring extending over the whole len-th of the groove 2,
and they are H-shaped in cross section as shown in Fig 1 Fig 2 shows
that six weight sections are arranged in the groove 2 The weights are
supported by a divided friction ring 6 which surrounds the bottom of
the annular groove 2 and extends into the inner recess formed by the
legs of the H-shaped cross section of the weights There is a
frictional engagement between the sleeve 1 and the ring 6, as well as
between this ring and the weights 3 which it supports.
Thus the weights are allowed to carry out a relative movement with
respect to the friction ring 6 in a tangential as well as in a radial
direction The weights are biassed inwardly, i e, towards the axis of
rotation, by a coiled spring 5 which is accommodated in the outer
recess of the H-shaped weights Thus, when the motor is at rest, i.e,
the sleeve 1 is stationary, the weights are held by the coiled spring

56. 5 away from the surrounding cylindrical spring 7 and they are urged
against the friction ring 6.
That portion of the outer clutch member which is directly supported by
the ball bearings 10 is shaped to form a pulley 11 for V-belts It may
be shaped, of course to form a plain belt pulley instead, or it may be
connected to an axially aligned shaft.
When the driving motor is started, the sleeve 1 immediately starts to
rotate, while the belt pulley 11, connected to the driven 6 Qshaft by
V-belts, remains stationary The sleeve 1 commences to drive the
friction ring 6 with a certain time-lag, depending upon the friction
between sleeve and ring.
This movement is transmitted with a further lag to the sections of the
weight ring 3, which eventually attain a velocity such that, due to
the developed centrifugal force, the sections of the rino' 3 o
Verconel the compressive force of the spiral spring 3 and with their
peripheral edge portions 70 press upon the inner surface of the split
ring spring 7 The spring opens out under this pressure, and its
friction lining is forced against the inside of the outer clutch
member 13 BY this action couplin 1 g 75 of the two shafts is eitected
and the rotation of the driven shaft commences.
The time-lag in the coupling depends upon the friction between the
sleeve 1 and the friction ring 6 and subsequently 80 between this ring
6 and the sections of the weight ring 3, and also upon the forcee
exerted by the coiled spring 3 It is possible to vary the time-lag to
a considerable extent by adjusting these elements 85 As soon as the
weilghts of the ring 3) move outwardly due to centrifugal action so
far that they enoage the inside of the split ring spring 7, they
quickly assume the speed of the sleeve and their increased o radial
force then starts the coupling action by spreading out the split ring
spring.
The operation of the clutch has therefore three phases, namely the
acceleration of the friction ring, the acceleration of the 95 weights
3 and the engagement and spreading out of the friction spring 7.
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* 5.8.23.4; 93p