The document discusses the continuous, perfect, and future aspects in English verb tenses. It provides examples of how to use the present continuous, past continuous, present perfect continuous, past perfect continuous, present perfect, past perfect, and future perfect tenses. It explains that the continuous aspect is used to describe ongoing or unfinished actions, while the perfect aspect looks back from one time to another earlier time.

1. 500A Unit 1
The continuous aspect

2. The continuous aspect
Use this aspect to talk about:
1. An action or situation that is/was in progress at a particular time

3. The continuous aspect
For example,
Yesterday, at 1 pm, he _______________________ (eat) lunch with some
friends.

4. The continuous aspect
For example,
Yesterday, at 1 pm, he _________was eating_________ lunch with some
friends.

5. The continuous aspect
Again:

6. The continuous aspect
Find and correct the mistake:
She were sleeping when I came home.

7. The continuous aspect
Find and correct the mistake:
She were sleeping when I came home.
She was sleeping when I came home.

8. The continuous aspect
Find and correct the mistake:
At that time he still living with his parents in New York.

9. The continuous aspect
Find and correct the mistake:
At that time he still living with his parents in New York.
At that time he was still living with his parents in New York.

10. The continuous aspect
2. An unfinished action or situation

11. The continuous aspect
For example,
When I entered the room, the students _______________(study).

12. The continuous aspect
For example,
When I entered the room, the students ___were studying_______.

13. The continuous aspect
Again:

14. The continuous aspect
3. A temporary action

15. The continuous aspect
For example,
I __________________ (teach) in this room just for today. Normally I’m in
Classroom X.

16. The continuous aspect
For example,
I ____’m teaching____ in this room just for today. Normally I’m in
Classroom X.

17. The continuous aspect
Again:

18. The continuous aspect
4. A trend, changing action of situation

19. The continuous aspect
For example,
The climate ____________________ (change).

20. The continuous aspect
For example,
The climate _____ is changing______.

21. The continuous aspect
Again:

22. The present continuous
1. Use the present continuous to talk about actions or situations currently in
progress.

23. The present continuous
For example,
They ________________________ (film) a movie downtown today.

24. The present continuous
For example,
They ___’re filming_____ a movie downtown today.

25. The present continuous
Again:

26. The present continuous
2. Also use the present continuous to describe future arrangements.

27. The present continuous
For example,
He ___________________ (fly) to India tomorrow.

28. The present continuous
For example,
He ___’s flying___ to India tonight.

29. The present continuous
Again:

30. The past continuous
Use the past continuous to talk about an ongoing action in the past, often
unfinished.

31. The past continuous
For example,
The phone _________________ all day yesterday, non-stop.
(ring)

32. The past continuous
For example,
The phone ___was ringing_____ all day, non-stop.

33. The past continuous
Again:

34. The present perfect continuous
Use the present perfect continuous to talk about an ongoing action or situation
in the past that is still continuing into the present or has just finished but has a
result in the present.

35. The present perfect continuous
For example,
He _______________________ (wear) his eyeglasses all day.

36. The present perfect continuous
For example,
He ____has been wearing_____ his eyeglasses all day.

37. The present perfect continuous
For example,
He __’s been wearing_____ his eyeglasses all day.

38. The present perfect continuous
Again:

39. The past perfect continuous
Use the past perfect continuous to talk about an ongoing action or situation in
the past that was still continuing up to another time in the past.
The company went out of business. They __________________ (lose)
customers for years.

40. The past perfect continuous
Use the past perfect continuous to talk about an ongoing action or situation in
the past that was still continuing up to another time in the past.
The company went out of business. They ____had been losing____
customers for years.

41. The past perfect continuous
Again:

42. The past perfect continuous
Use the past perfect continuous to talk about an ongoing action or situation in
the past that was still continuing up to another time in the past.
The company went out of business. They ____had been losing____
customers for years.

43. The past perfect continuous
Use the past perfect continuous to talk about an ongoing action or situation in
the past that was still continuing up to another time in the past.
The company went out of business. They ____had been losing____
customers for years.

44. The past perfect continuous
For example,
When I opened my laptop, I knew that someone _________________ (use) it.

45. The past perfect continuous
For example,
When I opened my laptop, I knew that someone ___had been using___ it.

46. The past perfect continuous
Her eyes were all red because she’d been crying.
The cars crashed because they had been driving recklessly.
They had been working on that project for six months when I joined the team
in 2009.

47. The future continuous
Use the future continuous to talk about temporary actions in progress at a
particular time in the future.

48. The future continuous
For example,
I probably won’t get home until around midnight.
My children __________________ (sleep) when I get home.

49. The future continuous
For example,
I probably won’t get home until around midnight.
My children ___will be sleeping_____ when I get home.

50. 500A Unit 1
The perfect aspect
The perfect aspect

51. 500A Unit 1
The perfect aspect
Use the perfect aspect to look back from one time to another.

52. The present perfect
This looks back from now to a time before now. It often focuses on completed
actions or situations.

53. The present perfect
1. She ___________________ (know) me for many years.

54. The present perfect
1. She ____has known___ me for many years.

55. The present perfect
Again:

56. The present perfect
2. We can go outside now. The rain _______________ (stop).

57. The present perfect
2. We can go outside now. The rain ____has stopped____.

58. The present perfect
Again:

59. The present perfect
3. Finished action, but period of time is still continuing

60. The present perfect
3. I _________________ (talk) to my mother twice this week.

61. The present perfect
3. I __have talked___ to my mother twice this week.

62. The present perfect
Again:

63. The present perfect
4. Actions in the past which may happen again

64. The present perfect
4. He __________________ (fly) in a helicopter before.

65. The present perfect
4. He ____has flown____ in a helicopter before.

66. The present perfect
Again:

67. The present perfect continuous (again)
The present perfect continuous focuses on the duration of the action.

68. The present perfect continuous (again)
The present perfect continuous focuses on the duration of the action.
Researchers ______________________ this data for the past two weeks.
(analyze)

69. The present perfect continuous (again)
The present perfect continuous focuses on the duration of the action.
Researchers ____have been analyzing___ this data for the past two weeks.

70. The present perfect continuous (again)
The present perfect continuous focuses on the duration of the action.
Researchers ____have been analyzing___ this data for the past two weeks.

71. The present perfect continuous (again)
The present perfect continuous focuses on the duration of the action.
Researchers ____have been analyzing___ this data for the past two weeks.
Past perfect continuous
Researchers had been analyzing the data for two years when I joined them.
2015- 2017 2017

72. The present perfect continuous (again)
The present perfect continuous focuses on the duration of the action.
Again:

73. Present Perfect and Present perfect continuous
The present perfect continuous focuses on the duration of the action and
actions that aren’t over.
ex: He ______________________ (write) for three hours.
Use the present perfect for completed actions.
ex: He ______________________ (write) three books. You should read them.

74. Present Perfect and Present perfect continuous
The present perfect continuous focuses on the duration of the action and
actions that aren’t over.
ex: He ___has been writing___ for three hours.
Use the present perfect for completed actions.
ex: He ____has written____ three books. You should read them.

75. Present Perfect and Present perfect continuous
He ___has been writing___ for three hours.
He ____has written____ three books. You should read them.

76. Present Perfect and Present perfect continuous
Again:

77. Present Perfect and Present perfect continuous
He ___has been writing___ for three hours.
Is he still writing?
He ____has written____ three books. You should read them.
Is he still writing them?

78. Present Perfect and Present perfect continuous
He ___has been writing___ for three hours.
He is still writing.
He ____has written____ three books. You should read them.
He isn’t writing them anymore.

79. The present perfect vs. the simple past
5. Use past simple with definite times in the past

80. The present perfect vs. the simple past
5. They __________________ (not/be) alive in 1990.
They __________________ (be) born in 1995.
Therefore, they __________________ (be) alive for about 25 years.
6. She __________________ (get) divorced last year.
I __________________ (not/get) divorced, at least not yet.

81. The present perfect or past simple
5. She ___wasn’t____ born in 1990.
She ______was____________ born in 1995.
Therefore, she _____has been______ (be) alive for about 25 years.
6. She _____got_____ divorced last year.
I ____have not gotten______ divorced, at least not yet.

82. The present perfect or past simple
7. I ___________________ (not/know) her back then.
I ___________________ (meet) her a few years later, in 2001.
Therefore, I ___________________ (know) her for almost twenty years.

83. The present perfect or past simple
7. I ____did not know____ her back then.
I ______met______ her a few years later, in 2001.
Therefore, I ____have known____ her for almost twenty years.

84. The past perfect
The past perfect looks back from a time in the past to another time before that.

85. The past perfect
6. He was late to school because he _________________ (wake) up late.

86. The past perfect
6. He was late to school because he ____had woken___ up late.

87. The past perfect
Again:

88. The past perfect
7. Past perfect with “already” and “just”

89. The past perfect
7. He got home really late. When he finally got home, everyone ________
already ___________ (eat) dinner.

90. The past perfect
7. He got home really late. When he finally got home, everyone ___had___
already ___eaten___ (eat) dinner.

91. The past perfect
8. Past perfect with “by”

92. The past perfect
8. By the time he was fifty, he _______________ (be) married three times.
8. By the age of fifty, he _______________ (be) married three times.

93. The past perfect
8. By the time he was fifty, he _____had been_____ (be) married three times.
8. By the age of fifty, he ____had been____ (be) married three times.

94. The future perfect
The future perfect looks back from a time in the future to another time before
that.

95. The future perfect
For example,
Don’t go to the theater tonight. By the time you get there, the show
______________________ (end).

96. The future perfect
For example,
Don’t go to the theater. By the time you get there, the show
____will have ended____ (end).

97. The future perfect
Think about the year 2030. I will feel old.
By then, my older son _____________________ (graduate) from college, for
example.

98. The future perfect
Think about the year 2030. I will feel old.
By then, my older son ____will have graduated_____ (graduate) from
college, for example.

99. The perfect with infinitives
The perfect has an infinitive form:
to + have + past participle

100. The perfect with infinitives
For example,
I expected him to ____________________ (complete) the
report.

101. The perfect with infinitives
For example,
I expected him to ____have completed___ the report by
5 that day.

102. The perfect with infinitives
expect to + infinitive
I expect him to come to the party tonight.
I expected him to have arrived by then.

103. The perfect with infinitives
I expect him to __have completed_ the report by 5 pm
tonight.
I expect that he will have completed the report by 5 pm
tonight.

104. The perfect with infinitives
Everyone thought they had died in the crash.
=
They were thought _to have died_____ in the crash.

105. The perfect with infinitives
Everyone thought they had died in the crash.
=
They were thought ___to have died_____ in the crash.

106. The perfect with infinitives
The –ing form is
Having + past participle

107. The perfect with infinitives
For instance,
_________________ (be) to Japan, he knows what ramen
noodles taste like.

108. The perfect with infinitives
____Having been____ to Japan, he knows what ramen
tastes like.
=
He has been to Japan. That’s why he knows…

109. The perfect with infinitives
Again:

110. The perfect with infinitives
__________________ a lot, he felt ready for the exam.
(study)

111. The perfect with infinitives
____Having studied___ a lot, he felt ready for the test.
=
He had studied a lot, so he felt ready for the test.
He had been studying for five hours, so he

112. The perfect with infinitives
Again:

113. The perfect with infinitives
Having gotten/been seriously injured in a car accident the night
before, John wasn’t able to attend my wedding.
Having contracted COVID, he had to quarantine for two weeks.
1 2
Because he had contracted COVID, he had to quarantine.

114. Present perfect
How many….?
He_has talked__ (talk) to three people today.
How long….?
He _has been talking___ (talk) for three hours.