5 managing risk in agriculture by mr. ramon yedra
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This document discusses managing risk in Philippine agriculture through insurance, credit guarantees, and microfinance. It provides details on the Philippine Crop Insurance Corporation which insures farmers against losses, and the Agricultural Guarantee Fund Pool which guarantees loans to small farmers. It also describes the Rural Household Business Financing program which provides financing for farm and off-farm livelihood projects to diversify farmer incomes and risks. Expansion of these programs is needed to better manage agricultural risks.
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PlaNet Guarantee is an insurance broker that develops innovative insurance products tailored to the needs of populations excluded from traditional insurance. It has developed index-based agricultural insurance programs in multiple countries in West Africa to protect farmers against risks from climate events. The programs use satellite data and weather station information to automatically payout claims indexed to measures like rainfall levels. This stabilizes farmers' incomes and the broader agriculture sector by securing access to credit, investment, and markets. Partnerships with local insurers, reinsurers, banks, microfinance institutions, and farmer cooperatives facilitate the distribution and management of the insurance programs. [/SUMMARY]
AheadRace eLearning Module # 06 - Selling Skills for Insurance Agency
* Describe the factors leading to increased dependence on agricultural insurance
* Recognize the operational risks faced by farms due to falling prices and loss of insurance
* Explain the benefits of linking Farm Management System with crop insurance
* Identify the insurance selling opportunities
Credit Guarantee Schemes: Experiences and lessons from Nigeria
Credit Guarantee Schemes: Experiences and lessons from Nigeria Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation ACP-EU (CTA)
The document discusses credit guarantee schemes (CGS) and the experiences of CGS in Nigeria. It provides context on Nigeria's economy and agriculture sector. It then describes the financial risks in agricultural lending that discourage banks from lending to agriculture. To address this, the Central Bank of Nigeria established several CGS programs, including the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund (ACGSF), which began in 1978 and guarantees 75% of loans for agricultural purposes. The document outlines the objectives, operations, and impacts of the ACGSF and other CGS established by the Central Bank of Nigeria to facilitate agricultural financing.PRADHAN MANTRI FASAL BIMA YOJNA (PMFBY)
Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) is India's crop insurance scheme that provides financial support to farmers suffering crop loss/damage from natural calamities. It offers affordable premiums of 2% for kharif crops, 1.5% for rabi crops, and 5% for annual commercial/horticulture crops. The scheme covers yield losses and post-harvest losses up to 14 days. It aims to stabilize farmer incomes, encourage modern farming practices, and ensure credit flow to agriculture. However, questions remain around its high costs and ability to effectively implement promised protections for farmers.
Business banking unit5
This document discusses agricultural lending in Uganda. It begins by providing background on the importance of agriculture in Uganda, noting that over 57% of the labor force works in agriculture. It then discusses key government agricultural policies and programs in Uganda and the need for agricultural lenders to understand these. The document also outlines several challenges to agricultural lending, such as weather dependency and lack of specialized knowledge. Finally, it discusses strategies for managing risks in agricultural lending, such as borrower appraisals and insurance, as well as taking a value chain approach.
2014 Farm Bill OverviewA new farm law, the Agricultura.docx
2014 Farm Bill Overview
A new farm law, the Agricultural Act of 2014 (2014 Farm Act), was signed on February 7, 2014, and will remain in force through 2018—and in the case of some provisions, beyond 2018.
The 2014 Farm Act makes major changes in commodity programs, adds new crop insurance options, streamlines conservation programs, modifies some provisions of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), and expands programs for specialty crops, organic farmers, bioenergy, rural development, and beginning farmers and ranchers.
I. Commodity Programs
Repeals Direct Payments, Countercyclical Payments, and the Average Crop Revenue Election (ACRE) program.
Creates two new programs—Price Loss Coverage (PLC) and Agriculture Risk Coverage (ARC). Producers of covered commodities can choose to enroll in one of the two programs.
Upland cotton producers are not eligible for PLC or ARC, but they are eligible for a new crop insurance product under Title XI—the Stacked Income Protection Plan (STAX). Cotton producers will receive transition payments while new STAX policies are implemented (see Crop Insurance Overview for further details).
Revises payment limitations and adjusted gross income eligibility rules.
Continues the marketing assistance loan program unchanged, except for an adjustment in the loan rate for upland cotton.
Continues the sugar program unchanged
Price Loss Coverage
Payments are provided to producers with base acres of wheat, feed grains, rice, oilseeds, peanuts, and pulses (covered commodities) on a commodity-by-commodity basis when market prices fall below the reference price.
The payment rate is the difference between the reference price and the annual national-average market price (or marketing assistance loan rate, if higher). For each covered commodity enrolled on the farm, the payment amount is the payment rate, times 85 percent of base acres of the commodity, times payment yield.
PLC Reference Prices
Agriculture Risk Coverage (ARC)
Producers may choose county-based or individual coverage. For producers choosing county-based ARC, payments are provided to producers with base acres of covered commodities on a commodity-by-commodity basis when county crop revenue (actual average county yield times national farm price) drops below 86 percent of the county benchmark revenue (5-year Olympic average county yield times 5-year Olympic average of national price or the reference price—whichever is higher for each year), calculated separately for irrigated and non-irrigated crops.
Payment Limitations
Payments are limited to $125,000 for each individual actively engaged in farming, without specific limits for individual programs.
A spouse may receive an additional $125,000. The limitation is applied to the total of payments for covered commodities from the PLC and ARC programs, and marketing loan gains and loan deficiency payments under the marketing assistance loan program
Adjusted Gross Income Limitation
Th.
Risk in financing agriculture and risk management strategies by Samjhauta Tha...
This presentation show the risks attached with agricultural financing and ways to mitigate those risks.
The role of governments in scaling up agriculture insurance - Implementation ...
The role of governments in scaling up agriculture insurance - Implementation ...Impact Insurance Facility
This webinar followed an interesting discussion we had in February 2016 on governments as important catalysts for developing the agriculture insurance market. In this second part we continued to touch upon the variety of interventions such as provision, administration and management of subsidies, support for developing infrastructure for effective implementation of insurance programmes, investment in collection and sharing of data and consumer education. In addition, the government's role in developing enabling regulations and using insurance as a part of their social protection and agriculture development agendas was discussed by experts from the World Food Program, HDFC Ergo General Insurance and BASIS/I4.
Speakers: Tara Steinmetz (BASIS/I4), Mathieu Dubreuil (World Food Programme) and Vivek Lalan (HDFC Ergo General Insurance).Insurance: Concept, Mechanism and effectiveness in agriculture and livestock ...
This slideshare is about the study of Insurance: COncept, Mechanism and effectiveness in agriculture and livestock in Nepal. It has included the insurance scheme adopted in Nepal as per the Directive launched by Nepal Government in January 2013.
Rahab Kariuki: Way forward: Scaling up insurance
Rahab Kariuki: Way forward: Scaling up insuranceCCAFS | CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security
This document discusses ways to scale up agricultural micro-insurance in Africa. It notes that ACRE Africa provides localized micro-insurance solutions to reduce climate risks. However, more work is needed to incorporate risk reduction activities and make insurance demand-driven. Insurance should be one part of a financial education strategy that includes savings, credit, and risk reduction. Case studies show insurance can help farmers invest more and reduce distress after losses, but farmers still see insurance as risky. The document calls for bundling insurance with climate-smart agriculture, using data to improve products, and better linking insurance with farmer services and organizations.Webinar on Bundling agriculture index insurance with financial and non financ...
Webinar on Bundling agriculture index insurance with financial and non financ...Impact Insurance Facility
Bundling index insurance with other financial and non-financial services can help scale agricultural insurance. It provides incentives for farmers to purchase insurance and opportunities for other stakeholders. Index insurance has been successfully bundled with credit in places like Mali, increasing farmer investment and incomes. Insurers like ACRE bundle products with farmer groups, banks, and input suppliers. Appropriate services to bundle with include credit, seeds/fertilizers, and complementary insurance covers. Key considerations for effective bundling include pricing affordability, evaluating value for all stakeholders, and delivering bundled products that protect farmer incomes.Study on Agriculture Finance & Agriculture Insurance in Microfinance | GIBS B...
Agriculture finance and agricultural insurance are strategically important for eradicating
extreme poverty and boosting share prosperity. Globally, there are an estimated 500 million
small holder farming households representing 2.5 billion people- relying to varying degrees,
on agricultural production for the livelihoods. The benefit of our work includes the following:
growing don’t come off farmers and agricultural SMEs through commercialization and
access to better technologies, increasing resilience through climate smart productions, risk
diversification and access to financial tools and smoothing the transition of non-commercial
farmers out of agriculture and facilitating the consolidation of farms, assets and production
The role of governments in scaling up agriculture insurance
This webinar looked at how governments can catalyse the development of agriculture insurance markets through a variety of interventions such as the provision, administration and management of subsidies, support for developing infrastructure for effective implementation of insurance programmes, investment in collection and sharing of data and customer education. It also looked at the government's role in developing enabling regulations and using insurance as a part of their social protection and agriculture development agendas. This webinar was organized together with the WBG's Global Index Insurance Facility, the USAID & Basis/I4-supported Global Action Network for agriculture insurance.
Speakers: Lena Heron (USAID), Peter Wrede (the World Bank) and Vincent Tithinji Ngari (Government of Kenya).
The U_S_ Federal Crop Insurance Program
The US Federal Crop Insurance Program has become the primary risk management tool for American farmers. It provides insurance for over 128 crops across more than 80% of planted acreage for the top 10 crops. The program began in the 1930s during the Great Depression and Dust Bowl to promote economic stability in agriculture. It has since expanded through public-private partnerships and increased subsidies. The program is administered by the USDA and involves private insurers. It enables farmers to obtain loans and insures against revenue losses from weather and prices. Recent farm bills aim to further expand the program's role in agricultural policy.
PMFBY , Pradhan Mantri Fasal bima yojna
PMFBY is India's largest crop insurance scheme that provides coverage to over 50 crore farmers for over 50 crops. It aims to stabilize farm incomes against losses from natural calamities. Key features include lower premiums of 2-5% paid by farmers, higher government subsidy, and coverage of localized risks. While it provides timely financial support, some issues remain around delays in claims, benefit to insurance companies, and lack of awareness. Overall, PMFBY helps reduce farmers' economic losses from natural disasters through affordable insurance coverage.
Final project
The project main ambition is to empower small farmers in Eritrea through micro-financing and micro-ensurance project, associated with business technical cooperation. It main goal is to help reduce poverty in the country, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture. Being agriculture the principal economic activity in Eritrea, and giving the low resources from domestic funding,the proposal is developed through a serie of strategies that could ally Private Sector Window to demands. Considering risks, IDA is necessary for mitigation and secure markets and investments. Target audience are MDBs, Private Sector and Public Sector.
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Written Statement of W. Scott Marlow: Subcommittee on Commodities and Risk Ma...
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AheadRace eLearning Module # 06 - Selling Skills for Insurance Agency
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The document discusses integrating disaster risk reduction (DRR) approaches into microfinance practices in the Philippines. It notes that the Philippines is highly vulnerable to various natural hazards like typhoons and climate change impacts. Mainstreaming DRR into microfinance can help reduce clients' vulnerability and build community resilience by providing financial products and services tailored to local risks. This includes risk assessments, risk-reducing livelihood options, and building community preparedness and response capacity.
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Agricultural finance faces many risks due to production risks from natural calamities and pests, market risks from lack of infrastructure and information, and political risks from subsidies and international agreements. Common interventions through subsidies and credit guarantees may not be effective. Better solutions include increasing household income through contractual agreements, micro-insurance products, movable collateral registries, and credit information systems to help overcome reluctance in lending to small farmers due to perceived high risks.
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Ponzi schemes, a notorious form of financial fraud, have plagued America’s investment landscape for decades. Named after Charles Ponzi, who orchestrated one of the most infamous schemes in the early 20th century, these fraudulent operations promise high returns with little or no risk, only to collapse and leave investors with significant losses. This article explores the nature of Ponzi schemes, notable cases in American history, their impact on victims, and measures to prevent falling prey to such scams.
Understanding Ponzi Schemes
A Ponzi scheme is an investment scam where returns are paid to earlier investors using the capital from newer investors, rather than from legitimate profit earned. The scheme relies on a constant influx of new investments to continue paying the promised returns. Eventually, when the flow of new money slows down or stops, the scheme collapses, leaving the majority of investors with substantial financial losses.
Historical Context: Charles Ponzi and His Legacy
Charles Ponzi is the namesake of this deceptive practice. In the 1920s, Ponzi promised investors in Boston a 50% return within 45 days or 100% return in 90 days through arbitrage of international reply coupons. Initially, he paid returns as promised, not from profits, but from the investments of new participants. When his scheme unraveled, it resulted in losses exceeding $20 million (equivalent to about $270 million today).
Notable American Ponzi Schemes
1. Bernie Madoff: Perhaps the most notorious Ponzi scheme in recent history, Bernie Madoff’s fraud involved $65 billion. Madoff, a well-respected figure in the financial industry, promised steady, high returns through a secretive investment strategy. His scheme lasted for decades before collapsing in 2008, devastating thousands of investors, including individuals, charities, and institutional clients.
2. Allen Stanford: Through his company, Stanford Financial Group, Allen Stanford orchestrated a $7 billion Ponzi scheme, luring investors with fraudulent certificates of deposit issued by his offshore bank. Stanford promised high returns and lavish lifestyle benefits to his investors, which ultimately led to a 110-year prison sentence for the financier in 2012.
3. Tom Petters: In a scheme that lasted more than a decade, Tom Petters ran a $3.65 billion Ponzi scheme, using his company, Petters Group Worldwide. He claimed to buy and sell consumer electronics, but in reality, he used new investments to pay off old debts and fund his extravagant lifestyle. Petters was convicted in 2009 and sentenced to 50 years in prison.
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Ending stagnation: How to boost prosperity across Scotland
A toxic combination of 15 years of low growth, and four decades of high inequality, has left Britain poorer and falling behind its peers. Productivity growth is weak and public investment is low, while wages today are no higher than they were before the financial crisis. Britain needs a new economic strategy to lift itself out of stagnation.
Scotland is in many ways a microcosm of this challenge. It has become a hub for creative industries, is home to several world-class universities and a thriving community of businesses – strengths that need to be harness and leveraged. But it also has high levels of deprivation, with homelessness reaching a record high and nearly half a million people living in very deep poverty last year. Scotland won’t be truly thriving unless it finds ways to ensure that all its inhabitants benefit from growth and investment. This is the central challenge facing policy makers both in Holyrood and Westminster.
What should a new national economic strategy for Scotland include? What would the pursuit of stronger economic growth mean for local, national and UK-wide policy makers? How will economic change affect the jobs we do, the places we live and the businesses we work for? And what are the prospects for cities like Glasgow, and nations like Scotland, in rising to these challenges?
13 Jun 24 ILC Retirement Income Summit - slides.pptx
ILC's Retirement Income Summit was hosted by M&G and supported by Canada Life. The event brought together key policymakers, influencers and experts to help identify policy priorities for the next Government and ensure more of us have access to a decent income in retirement.
Contributors included:
Jo Blanden, Professor in Economics, University of Surrey
Clive Bolton, CEO, Life Insurance M&G Plc
Jim Boyd, CEO, Equity Release Council
Molly Broome, Economist, Resolution Foundation
Nida Broughton, Co-Director of Economic Policy, Behavioural Insights Team
Jonathan Cribb, Associate Director and Head of Retirement, Savings, and Ageing, Institute for Fiscal Studies
Joanna Elson CBE, Chief Executive Officer, Independent Age
Tom Evans, Managing Director of Retirement, Canada Life
Steve Groves, Chair, Key Retirement Group
Tish Hanifan, Founder and Joint Chair of the Society of Later life Advisers
Sue Lewis, ILC Trustee
Siobhan Lough, Senior Consultant, Hymans Robertson
Mick McAteer, Co-Director, The Financial Inclusion Centre
Stuart McDonald MBE, Head of Longevity and Democratic Insights, LCP
Anusha Mittal, Managing Director, Individual Life and Pensions, M&G Life
Shelley Morris, Senior Project Manager, Living Pension, Living Wage Foundation
Sarah O'Grady, Journalist
Will Sherlock, Head of External Relations, M&G Plc
Daniela Silcock, Head of Policy Research, Pensions Policy Institute
David Sinclair, Chief Executive, ILC
Jordi Skilbeck, Senior Policy Advisor, Pensions and Lifetime Savings Association
Rt Hon Sir Stephen Timms, former Chair, Work & Pensions Committee
Nigel Waterson, ILC Trustee
Jackie Wells, Strategy and Policy Consultant, ILC Strategic Advisory Board
Economic Risk Factor Update: June 2024 [SlideShare]
May’s reports showed signs of continued economic growth, said Sam Millette, director, fixed income, in his latest Economic Risk Factor Update.
For more market updates, subscribe to The Independent Market Observer at https://blog.commonwealth.com/independent-market-observer.
International Sustainability Standards Board
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Governor Olli Rehn: Inflation down and recovery supported by interest rate cu...
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Exploring-Madhya-Pradesh-Culture-Heritage-and-Land-Records.pptx
Madhya Pradesh, the "Heart of India," boasts a rich tapestry of culture and heritage, from ancient dynasties to modern developments. Explore its land records, historical landmarks, and vibrant traditions. From agricultural expanses to urban growth, Madhya Pradesh offers a unique blend of the ancient and modern.
Fabular Frames and the Four Ratio Problem
Digital, interactive art showing the struggle of a society in providing for its present population while also saving planetary resources for future generations. Spread across several frames, the art is actually the rendering of real and speculative data. The stereographic projections change shape in response to prompts and provocations. Visitors interact with the model through speculative statements about how to increase savings across communities, regions, ecosystems and environments. Their fabulations combined with random noise, i.e. factors beyond control, have a dramatic effect on the societal transition. Things get better. Things get worse. The aim is to give visitors a new grasp and feel of the ongoing struggles in democracies around the world.
Stunning art in the small multiples format brings out the spatiotemporal nature of societal transitions, against backdrop issues such as energy, housing, waste, farmland and forest. In each frame we see hopeful and frightful interplays between spending and saving. Problems emerge when one of the two parts of the existential anaglyph rapidly shrinks like Arctic ice, as factors cross thresholds. Ecological wealth and intergenerational equity areFour at stake. Not enough spending could mean economic stress, social unrest and political conflict. Not enough saving and there will be climate breakdown and ‘bankruptcy’. So where does speculative design start and the gambling and betting end? Behind each fabular frame is a four ratio problem. Each ratio reflects the level of sacrifice and self-restraint a society is willing to accept, against promises of prosperity and freedom. Some values seem to stabilise a frame while others cause collapse. Get the ratios right and we can have it all. Get them wrong and things get more desperate.
Does teamwork really matter? Looking beyond the job posting to understand lab...
Does teamwork really matter? Looking beyond the job posting to understand lab...Labour Market Information Council | Conseil de l’information sur le marché du travail
Vicinity Jobs’ data includes more than three million 2023 OJPs and thousands of skills. Most skills appear in less than 0.02% of job postings, so most postings rely on a small subset of commonly used terms, like teamwork.
Laura Adkins-Hackett, Economist, LMIC, and Sukriti Trehan, Data Scientist, LMIC, presented their research exploring trends in the skills listed in OJPs to develop a deeper understanding of in-demand skills. This research project uses pointwise mutual information and other methods to extract more information about common skills from the relationships between skills, occupations and regions.Recently uploaded (20)
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Ending stagnation: How to boost prosperity across Scotland
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5 managing risk in agriculture by mr. ramon yedra
- 1. Managing Risk in Agriculture 4 th Microfinance Best Practices Forum June 9-10, 2011, Cebu City By Ramon C. Yedra, Ph.D Deputy Executive Director Agricultural Credit Policy Council
- 7. Managing Risk in Agriculture Two levels Agricultural insurance - addresses production risks faced by farmer-borrowers Credit guarantee- addresses credit risks faced by financial institutions.
- 10. The Philippine Crop Insurance Corporation (PCIC) Performance: Government premium subsidy increased from P113M in 2008 to P183M, enabling PCIC to increase its insurance coverage from 50,000 farmers to 98,579 farmers in 2010 with P5.92 B crops/livestock insured. Managing Risk in Agriculture
- 11. 2. Credit Guarantee Credit guarantee is a risk-reducing mechanism for banks and other financial institutions to encourage them to lend to socially-desirable sectors such as small farmers. Since most marginalized farmers cannot present acceptable collateral to banks, credit guarantees are offered as “substitute” collaterals. Managing Risk in Agriculture
- 14. The Agricultural Guarantee Fund Pool (AGFP) As of April 31, 2011, 354 financial institutions have been provided with guarantee cover to loans of 124,761 farmers amounting to P4.9B (of which P1.2B is outstanding). Managing Risk in Agriculture
- 15. 3. Agricultural Microfinance Encouraging farm households to diversify In 2003, ACPC piloted implementation of the Rural Household Business Financing (RHBF) Program . Managing Risk in Agriculture
- 17. RHBF Features Cashflow-based lending Repayment capacity assessed through an evaluation of household’s financial cash flow. Repayment Scheme: Weekly/monthly amortization on a portion of the loan plus balloon payment on the remaining portion of the loan at maturity. Managing Risk in Agriculture RBHF
- 19. ACPC Agri-Microfinance Program ACPC tied-up with PCFC for an Agricultural Microfinance Program in 2009 As of March 2011, the Program has released P103M to 21 MFIs extending loans to 9,333 borrowers Managing Risk in Agriculture Agricultural Microfinance
- 21. Thank You!