Professional Ethics And Disaster Management

Stani Memorial College Of Engineering And Technology, Phagi, Jaipur
Department Of Electrical Engineering
3rd
Year/ 5th
Sem
5EE11A Professional Ethics And Disaster Management Lab Manual
1 Prepared By: - Jyoti Sharma
LAB MANUAL
Subject Code: 5EE11A
PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT LAB
(III B. Tech V Semester EE)
Established in year 2000
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
STANI MEMORIAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY,
PHAGI, JAIPUR – 303005
Website: www.smcet.in

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5EE11A PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT LAB
SYLLABUS
HUMAN VALUES:
 Effect of Technological Growth and Sustainable Development.
 Profession and Human Values: Values crisis in contemporary society. Nature of
values. Psychological Values, Societal Values and Aesthetic Values. Moral and
Ethical values.
PROFESSIOAL ETHICS:
1. Professional and Professionalism- Professional Accountability, Role of a
professional, Ethic and image of profession.
2. Engineering Profession and Ethics- Technology and society, Ethical
obligations of Engineering professionals, Roles of Engineers in industry, society,
nation and the world.
3. Professional Responsibilities- Collegiality, Loyalty, Confidentially, Conflict of
Interest, Whistle Blowing.
DISASTER MANAGEMENT:
Understanding Disasters and Hazards and related issues social and environmental.
Risk and Vulnerability. Types of Disasters, their occurrence/ causes, impact and
preventive measures:
 Natural Disasters- Hydro-meteorological Based Disasters like Flood, Flash
Flood, Cloud Burst, Drought, Cyclone, Forest Fires; Geological Based Disasters
like Earthquake, Tsunami, Landslides, Volcanic Eruptions.
 Man made Disasters: Chemical Industrial Hazards, Major Power Break Downs,
Traffic Accidents, Fire Hazards, Nuclear Accidents. Disaster profile of Indian
continent. Case studies. Disaster Management Cycle and its components.

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EXPERIMENT NO. 1(A)
Aim:- Study of Effect of Technological Growth and Sustainable Development.
Apparatus Required:-
Theory:-
With the Technology, Growth and Development Programe, the UNU Maastricht Economic and
Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT) addresses the
relationships between technological change, productivity, economic growth, and socio-
economic development at the macro level. The programme focuses on a range of questions with
respect to the impact of innovation and technological change on productivity, growth,
employment, human capital, inequality, poverty, sustainability, and socio-economic
development.
These questions are studied in an international comparative perspective including advanced
economies in Europe and elsewhere, developing economies, and economies in transition. The
research programme entails two types of research activity: the theoretical modelling of the
sources and mechanisms of economic growth and development, and the role of technology and
human capital in generating socially and environmentally sustainable growth. Such research
models can be used for the identification of policy options, policy constraints, and ultimately for
the design of economic policy. They can also be used for empirical measurement and analysis in
order to identify and quantify important sources of growth, as well as obstacles and bottlenecks
in growth and development.
1. Twinning
2. Purpose
3. Approach
4. Gender
5. Target
6. Audience
7. Intended Impact
8. Policy Bridging
9. Dissemination
10. Timeline/Programme Cycle
11. Evaluation

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12. Challenges
Circuit Diagram:-
Precautions:-
Procedure:-
Observation Table:-
Calculation:-
Result: - We have successfully studied about Effect of Technological Growth and Sustainable
Development.
References:-
1. Quarantelli E.L. (1998). Where We Have Been and Where We Might Go. In: Quarantelli
E.L. (ed). What Is A Disaster? London: Routledge. pp146-159.
2. Jump up^ "World Bank:Disaster Risk Management".

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Viva- Voice Questions:-
Q. 1 What do you understand about technical growth?
Q. 2 What is Twinning?

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Sem
EXPERIMENT NO. 1(B)
Aim: - Profession and Human Values: Values crisis in contemporary society. Nature of values.
Psychological Values, Societal Values and Aesthetic Values. Moral and Ethical values.
Apparatus Requirements: -
Theory: -
A profession is a vocation founded upon specialized educational training, the purpose of which
is to supply objective counsel and service to others, for a direct and definite compensation,
wholly apart from expectation of other business gain.[1] The term is in essence a rather vaguer
version of the term "liberal profession", an anglicisation of the French term "profession libérale".
Originally borrowed by English users in the nineteenth century, it has been re-borrowed by
international users from the late twentieth, though the (upper-middle) class overtones of the term
do not seem to survive retranslation: “liberal professions” are, according to the Directive on
Recognition of Professional Qualifications (2005/36/EC) “those practised on the basis of
relevant professional qualifications in a personal, responsible and professionally independent
capacity by those providing intellectual and conceptual services in the interest of the client and
the public”.
A personal value is absolute or relative and ethical value, the assumption of which can be the
basis for ethical action. A value system is a set of consistent values and measures. A principle
value is a foundation upon which other values and measures of integrity are based.
Some values are physiologically determined and are normally considered objective, such as a
desire to avoid physical pain or to seek pleasure. Other values are considered subjective, vary
across individuals and cultures, and are in many ways aligned with belief and belief systems.
Types of values include ethical/moral values, doctrinal/ideological (religious, political) values,
social values, and aesthetic values. It is debated whether some values that are not clearly
physiologically determined, such as altruism, are intrinsic, and whether some, such as
acquisitiveness, should be classified as vices or virtues. Values have been studied in various

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disciplines: anthropology, behavioral economics, business ethics, corporate governance, moral
philosophy, political sciences, social psychology, sociology and theology to name a few.
Figure 1 Human Values
Values can be defined as broad preference concerning appropriate courses of action or outcomes.
As such, values reflect a person's sense of right and wrong or what "ought" to be. "Equal rights
for all", "Excellence deserves admiration", and "People should be treated with respect and
dignity" are representative of values. Values tend to influence attitudes and behavior.
Personal Values:-
Personal values provide an internal reference for what is good, beneficial, important, useful,
beautiful, desirable, constructive, etc. Values generate behaviour and help solve common human
problems for survival by comparative rankings of value, the results of which provide answers to
questions of why people do what they do and in what order they choose to do them.
Value Crisis In Contemporary Indian Society:-
Excessive overplaying of materialistic values and subsequent downplaying of all other human
values, often seen as roadblocks on the path leading to success has lead to value crisis in the
contemporary Indian society. Our upbringing and en-culturation has trained us for a single

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minded pursuit – attainment of personal happiness and gratification. Success is synonymous to
unrestricted enjoyment of materialistic & sensuous pleasure and fulfillment of unlimited worldly
desires. Our life has been transformed into a consumerist haven.
We have lost faith in ideology of ‘simple living and high thinking’ and the slogan of the day has
taken a new shape and form altogether “higher the amount of consumption better is the quality
of life”. With the rise of isms such as selfish individualism, consumerism, materialism, candidly
speaking our society has turned into a mere numerical collection of consumers who are devoid
of all the finer senses that ought to exist in a true human being. We always question ourselves
“what is in it for me?” the sole aim of all our striving’s at the individual level is personal well-
being.
The concept of common good has taken a back seat in our society. Steep rise in our right
consciousness with a steeper decline in our duty consciousness has contributed effectively
towards the societal decay and disintegration. We have a tendency to adopt a double standard
of judgement “a much higher one for others and a much lower for ourselves”. We over the
period of time have adroitly mastered the art of concealing our own faults. But surprisingly
enough even the minor mistakes committed by others do not escape our censorious scrutiny.
Societal Value:-
Social value orientation (SVO) is a psychological construct rooted in social psychology defined
as a person's preference about how to allocate resources (e.g. money) between the self and
another person. That is, SVO corresponds to how much weight a person attaches to the welfare
of others in relation to the own. Since people are assumed to vary in the weight they attach to
other peoples' outcomes in relation to the own, SVO is an individual difference variable.
Aesthetic Value:-
Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of art, beauty, and taste, with the
creation and appreciation of beauty.It is more scientifically defined as the study of sensory or
sensori-emotional values, sometimes called judgments of sentiment and taste. More broadly,
scholars in the field define aesthetics as "critical reflection on art, culture and nature."

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Moral Values:-
A moral value is a universally accepted ethical principle that governs the day to day living of
life. These principles are important in maintaining unity, harmony and honour between people.
Moral values are usually communal and shared by the public in general, thus if there is no
agreement among community members no moral values will be established.
Ethical Values:-
The set of established principles governing virtuous behavior. In order to help assure that the
company maintains a good business reputation, many business managers concerned about public
relations will develop and promote a set of suitable ethical values for staff within the company to
keep in mind when doing business with the customers.
Circuit Diagram:-
Precautions:-
Procedure:-
Observation Table:-
Calculation:
Result:-
We have successfully studied about Profession and Human Values: Values crisis in
contemporary society. Nature of values. Psychological Values, Societal Values and Aesthetic
Values. Moral and Ethical values.

3rd
Year/ 5th
Sem
References:-
1. http://www.suncorp.com.au/corporate/careers/life-at-suncorp/values.
2. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_(personal_and_cultural)
3. https://in.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080927021748AAsokAp
Q. 1 What is Profession?
Q. 2 What is Human Values?
Q. 3 What is Values crisis in contemporary society?

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Sem
EXPERIMENT NO. 2(A)
Aim: - Study about Professional and Professionalism-Professional Accountability, Role of a
professional, Ethic and image of profession.
Apparatus Requirement:-
Theory:-
WHAT IS A PROFESSION?
Given the purpose of this treatise, a mere attempt to define or simply to conduct an examination
of design professionalism would, I believe, be inadequate. In order to responsibly define design
professionalism we must
First fundamentally understand what a profession is and what conditions are required for it to
exist.
Function:-
1. A calling requiring specialized knowledge and often long and intensive academic preparation
2. The whole body of persons engaged in a calling as a concise and very general definition, this
one above serves quite well. There is, of course, much more to a profession.
The Fundamental Characteristics of A Profession:-
1. Great responsibility
2. Accountability
3. Specialization
4. Institutional preparation
5. Autonomy
6. Clients rather than customers
7. Direct working relationships
8. Ethical constraints
9. Merit-based
10. Capitalist morality

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Moral And Ethical Foundations:-
As one means of classification, everyone on earth falls into one of two categories:
Those who hold with moral absolutes and those who do not. Those who believe in moral
absolutes have a moral core articulated by various core values. When those values are mutually
consistent, the individual then, by definition, has integrity.
Those who do not hold with moral absolutes can have no moral core and no corresponding core
values or integrity. Those individuals behave according to moral relativism; responding to issues
as if they are disconnected, discrete items to be evaluated in a vacuum. “Open-minded” is the
term sometimes referenced in describing this approach; and as such the term is misused.
Update:-
In response to the lack of any workable and morally consistent ethical code for designers, I’ve
created the Code of Professional Conduct. I encourage design professionals to read, consider,
and then publicly proclaim their support and adherence to it.
A DEFINITION OF PROFESSIONALISM:-
The short definition is that professionalism means behaving in an ethical manner while assuming
and fulfilling your rightful responsibilities in every situation every time, without fail. To get a bit
more granular, one can say that it means, in part, conducting your affairs in such a way as to
engender trust and confidence in every aspect of your work.
Circuit Diagram:-
Precautions:-
Procedure:-

3rd
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Observation Table:-
Calculation:-
Result: - We have successfully studied about Professional and Professionalism-Professional
Accountability, Role of a professional, Ethic and image of profession.
Reference:-
1. Personal conversations with Carl Skooglund, Texas Instruments.
2. Koen, Billy V. (1994) Toward a Strategy for Teaching Engineering Design. Journal of
Engineering Education 83: 193.
3. Journals of the Continental Congress: 1774-1789, op. cit. p. 732.
4. "Answers.com". Answers.com. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
Viva Question:-
Q. 1 Define Profession?
Q. 2 what is professional?
Q. 3 Functional Characteristics of professional.

3rd
Year/ 5th
Sem
EXPERIMENT NO. 2(B)
Aim: - Study about Engineering Profession and Ethics-Technology and society, Ethical
obligations of Engineering professionals, Roles of Engineers in industry, society, nation and the
world.
Apparatus Requirements:-.
Theory: - This article examines the relationship between engineers and society, and engineers'
professional responsibilities given that relationship. This examination is particularly important
for engineers in the execution of their professional responsibilities, and for students preparing to
enter fields of engineering.
The Role of Engineering in Society: Engineering Design
The National Research Council recently recognized the need for improvement in both
engineering design and engineering design education. Although there are numerous articles on
engineering design, we will concentrate on the interaction between engineers and society.
The utilization of scientific knowledge over time establishes that some of the knowledge is
immediately relevant to societal needs while other parts are less immediately relevant (society
may never realize the relevance of a particular scientific inquiry). While the congruence of
societal need with scientific knowledge is much more complex than indicated in this article, it
may be represented for the purpose of this discussion by a Venn diagram as seen in figure 1. The
authors maintain that it is this overlap of scientific knowledge with societal need, more
specifically, the application of scientific knowledge to the needs of society, that is the domain of
engineering. Clearly, the extent of human enterprise is much more complex than is represented
here. If, for example, it is in the interest of society to increase our store of scientific knowledge,
then engineers and scientists who ply their trade in the frontiers of scientific research are both
serving societal need. Nevertheless, our contention is that the central focus of the engineering
profession is the application of scientific knowledge to meet societal needs.

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Professional Responsibility and Engineering Ethics
Discussion of an engineer's inherent interaction with society and societal needs, leads naturally
to an engineer's responsibility to society. Since the Grinter report, engineering education has
made significant progress in strengthening the basic sciences in engineering, including
mathematics, chemistry, and physics. Recent trends toward increasing discussion of
professionalism in the classroom notwithstanding, topics of professional responsibility (as
compared to science, engineering sciences, and engineering analysis) have received surprisingly
little attention in engineering education over the last several decades. The authors fear that
professional responsibility may also have been underemphasized in the practice of engineering.
This includes such topics as:
 Safety and Welfare of the Public and of Clients
 Professional Ethics
 Legal Liabilities of Engineers
 Environmental Responsibilities
 Quality
 Communications
Engineers must develop a fundamental understanding of their professional responsibilities. Few
engineers have an opportunity, however, to develop or contribute to the development of a
professional code of ethics.
Circuit Diagram:-
Figure 1

3rd
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Precautions:-
Procedure:-
Observation Table:-
Calculation:-
Result: - We have successfully studied about Engineering Profession and Ethics-Technology
and society, Ethical obligations of Engineering professionals, Roles of Engineers in industry,
society, nation and the world.
References:-
5. Personal conversations with Carl Skooglund, Texas Instruments.
6. Koen, Billy V. (1994) Toward a Strategy for Teaching Engineering Design. Journal of
Engineering Education 83: 193.
7. Koen, B.V. (1985) Definition of the Engineering Method. American Society of
Engineering Education, Washington, D. C.
8. Walton, J. W. (1991) Engineering Design: From Art to Practice. West Publishing
Company, St. Paul, MN.
9. Ferguson, E. S. (1993) How Engineers Lose Touch. Invention & Technology, Winter,
16-24.

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Viva-Voice:-
Ques. 1 what is the Professional Responsibility?
Ques. 2 what is the Role of Engineering in Society?

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EXPERIMENT NO. 2(C)
Aim: - Study about Professional Responsibilities-Collegiality, Loyalty, Confidentially, Conflict
of Interest, Whistle Blowing.
Theory: -
By bringing to the fore the concepts of (professional) ‘responsibility’ and ‘accountability’, we
identify a tension between the two concepts and more insight is gained into the different types of
logic and implications of ‘responsibility’ and ‘accountability’ regimes.
Collegiality:-
Collegiality is the relationship between colleagues.
Colleagues are those explicitly united in a common purpose and respecting each other's abilities
to work toward that purpose. A colleague is an associate in a profession or in a civil or
ecclesiastical office.
Collegiality can also be interpreted under the stricter definition as provided by the dictionary. In
this case, collegiality only applies to individuals holding the same rank or power. In this case,
collegiality for a college professor would only be applicable when dealing with other college
professors. Collegiality for a secretary would only apply when dealing with other secretaries.
Loyalty:-
Employee loyalty is the positive behavior of employees. Employees who are loyal will ensure
that there are no company's tips that are let outside, a factor that can enable their competitors to
outscore them economically.
Confidentiality:-
Confidentiality is a set of rules or a promise that limits access or places restrictions on certain
types of information.

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Conflict Of Interest (COI):-
A conflict of interest (COI) is a situation occuring when an individual or organization is
involved in multiple interests, one of which could possibly corrupt the motivation.
The presence of a conflict of interest is independent of the occurrence of impropriety. Therefore,
a conflict of interest can be discovered and voluntarily defused before any corruption occurs. A
widely used definition is: "A conflict of interest is a set of circumstances that creates a risk that
professional judgement or actions regarding a primary interest will be unduly influenced by a
secondary interest." Primary interest refers to the principal goals of the profession or activity,
such as the protection of clients, the health of patients, the integrity of research, and the duties of
public office. Secondary interest includes not only financial gain but also such motives as the
desire for professional advancement and the wish to do favours for family and friends, but
conflict of interest rules usually focus on financial relationships because they are relatively more
objective, fungible, and quantifiable. The secondary interests are not treated as wrong in
themselves, but become objectionable when they are believed to have greater weight than the
primary interests. The conflict in a conflict of interest exists whether or not a particular
individual is actually influenced by the secondary interest. It exists if the circumstances are
reasonably believed (on the basis of past experience and objective evidence) to create a risk that
decisions may be unduly influenced by secondary interests.
Whistle Blower:-
A whistleblower (whistle-blower or whistle blower)[1] is a person who exposes misconduct,
alleged dishonest or illegal activity occurring in an organization. The alleged misconduct may be
classified in many ways; for example, a violation of a law, rule, regulation and/or a direct threat
to public interest, such as fraud, health and safety violations, and corruption. Whistleblowers
may make their allegations internally (for example, to other people within the accused
organization) or externally (to regulators, law enforcement agencies, to the media or to groups
concerned with the issues).
Circuit Diagram:-

3rd
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Precautions:-
Procedure:-
Observation Table:-
Calculation:-
Result: - We have successfully studied about Professional Responsibilities-Collegiality,
Loyalty, Confidentially, Conflict of Interest, Whistle Blowing.
References:-
1. Journals of the Continental Congress: 1774-1789, op. cit. p. 732.
2. a b "Answers.com". Answers.com. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
3. "Etymonline.com". Etymonline.com. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
4. "Wordorigins.org". Wordorigins.org. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
5. Nader, Petkas, and Blackwell, Whistleblowing (1972).

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Viva- Voice:-
Ques. 1 What is Professional Responsibilities?
Ques. 2 What is Collegiality?
Ques. 3 What is Conflict of Interest?
Ques. 4 What is Whistle Blowing?

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EXPERIMENT NO. 3
Aim: - Study About DISASTER MANAGEMENT: Understanding Disasters and Hazards and
related issues social and environmental. Risk and Vulnerability. Types of Disasters, their
occurrence/ causes, impact and preventive measures:
 Natural Disasters- Hydro-meteorological Based Disasters like Flood, Flash Flood, Cloud
Burst, Drought, Cyclone, Forest Fires; Geological Based Disasters like Earthquake,
Tsunami, Landslides, Volcanic Eruptions.
 Man made Disasters: Chemical Industrial Hazards, Major Power Break Downs, Traffic
Accidents, Fire Hazards, Nuclear Accidents.
Disaster profile of Indian continent. Case studies. Disaster Management Cycle and its
components.
Theory: -
A disaster is a natural or man-made (or technological) hazard resulting in an event of substantial
extent causing significant physical damage or destruction, loss of life, or drastic change to the
environment. A disaster can be ostensively defined as any tragic event stemming from events
such as earthquakes, floods, catastrophic accidents, fires, or explosions. It is a phenomenon that
can cause damage to life and property and destroy the economic, social and cultural life of
people.
In contemporary academia, disasters are seen as the consequence of inappropriately managed
risk. These risks are the product of a combination of both hazard/s and vulnerability. Hazards
that strike in areas with low vulnerability will never become disasters, as is the case in
uninhabited regions.
Developing countries suffer the greatest costs when a disaster hits – more than 95 percent of all
deaths caused by disasters occur in developing countries, and losses due to natural disasters are
20 times greater (as a percentage of GDP) in developing countries than in industrialized
countries.

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Natural disaster:-
A natural disaster is a consequence when a natural hazard affects humans and/or the built
environment. Human vulnerability, and lack of appropriate emergency management, leads to
financial, environmental, or human impact. The resulting loss depends on the capacity of the
population to support or resist the disaster: their resilience. This understanding is concentrated in
the formulation: "disasters occur when hazards meet vulnerability". A natural hazard will hence
never result in a natural disaster in areas without vulnerability.
Various phenomena like earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, floods and cyclones are all
natural hazards that kill thousands of people and destroy billions of dollars of habitat and
property each year. However, natural hazards can strike in unpopulated areas and never develop
into disasters. However, the rapid growth of the world's population and its increased
concentration often in hazardous environments has escalated both the frequency and severity of
natural disasters. With the tropical climate and unstable land forms, coupled with deforestation,
unplanned growth proliferation, non-engineered constructions which make the disaster-prone
areas more vulnerable, tardy communication, poor or no budgetary allocation for disaster
prevention, developing countries suffer more or less chronically by natural disasters. Asia tops
the list of casualties due to natural disasters
Man-made disasters:-
Man-made disasters are the consequence of technological or human hazards. Examples include
stampedes, fires, transport accidents, industrial accidents, oil spills and nuclear
explosions/radiation. War and deliberate attacks may also be put in this category. As with natural
hazards, man-made hazards are events that have not happened, for instance terrorism. Man-made
disasters are examples of specific cases where man-made hazards have become reality in an
event.
A natural hazard is a threat of a naturally occurring event that will have a negative effect on
people or the environment. Many natural hazards are interrelated, e.g. earthquakes can cause
tsunamis and drought can lead directly to famine or population displacement. It is possible that
some natural hazards are intertemporally correlated, as well. A concrete example of the division
between a natural hazard and a natural disaster is that the 1906 San Francisco earthquake was a
disaster, whereas living on a fault line is a hazard.

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List of Disasters:-
1. Natural:- These lists are of disasters caused by forces of nature.
 Floods
 Tropical cyclones
 Earthquakes
 environmental disasters
 fires
 wildfires
2. Accidents:- These are lists of disasters caused by accidental human action.
 accidents and disasters by death toll
3. Transport
 road accidents
 rail accidents
 accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft
 accidents and incidents involving military aircraft
 maritime disasters
 shipwrecks
 aircraft disasters
 airship accidents
4. Industrial
 industrial disasters
 structural failures and collapses
o bridge failures
o dam failures
o levee failures
o mast and tower collapses
o modern infrastructure failures
 Nuclear and radiation accidents
o radiation accidents
o civilian nuclear accidents
o military nuclear accidents
o nuclear and radiation accidents by death toll
o nuclear disasters and radioactive incidents
 oil spills
 space accidents and incidents
5. Health
 Famines
 Epidemics
 mass evacuations
6. Manmade:- These are lists of disasters caused by deliberate human action.
 wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll

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 battles and other violent events
 military disasters
 wars
 terrorist incidents
 riots
 massacres
Risk:-
Risk is the potential of losing something of value, weighed against the potential to gain
something of value. Values (such as physical health, social status, emotional well being or
financial wealth) can be gained or lost when taking risk resulting from a given action, activity
and/or inaction, foreseen or unforeseen. Risk can also be defined as the intentional interaction
with uncertainty. Risk perception is the subjective judgment people make about the severity of a
risk, and may vary person to person. Any human endeavor carries some risk, but some are much
riskier than others.
Risk can be defined in a variety of ways. However we define risk (uncountable) as a
characteristic of reality or risks as threatening agents, the essential feature here is uncertainty.
Without uncertainty there is no risk, only clear danger.
TSUNAMI:-
The principal generation mechanism (or cause) of a tsunami is the displacement of a substantial
volume of water or perturbation of the sea. This displacement of water is usually attributed to
either earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, glacier calvings or more rarely by meteorites
and nuclear tests. The waves formed in this way are then sustained by gravity. Tides do not play
any part in the generation of tsunamis.
Circuit Diagrams:-
Precautions:-
Procedure:-
Observation Table:-

3rd
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Calculation:-
Result: - We have successfully studied about Disaster Management.
References:-
1. Quarantelli E.L. (1998). Where We Have Been and Where We Might Go. In: Quarantelli
E.L. (ed). What Is A Disaster? London: Routledge. pp146-159.
2. Jump up^ "World Bank:Disaster Risk Management".
Ques. 1 what is the Tsunami?
Ques.2 what is the Risk?
Ques. 3 Types of Manmade Disaster.
Ques. 4 Give the example of Natural Disaster.

Professional Ethics And Disaster Management

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