Three main social groups made up the population of 5th century Athens: Athenian citizens, immigrants, and slaves. Athenian citizens had full legal rights, while immigrants could stay if they paid a tax but had no political power. Most of the population were slaves who worked in homes, fields, and government services. Men participated in public life, politics, and military while women stayed at home to care for children and household duties. Spartan society also emphasized strict gender roles with women holding more prominent positions than elsewhere through education and greeting warriors after battle to inspire them. Spartan children from age 7 lived communally where they learned survival skills, and an emphasis was placed on concise speech.

1. LIFE IN ANCIENT GREECE
Stamouli Panagiota, Tepeleni Penny, Touloumakos Loukas, Frosynou Olga
A4

2. Daily life in Ancient Athens
Daily life of the Athenians had become a
model for the inhabitants of all the other
cities.
Three large social groups made up the
population of Athens in the 5th century;
Athenian citizens, immigrants and slaves.
Athenian citizens were those of Athenian
descent and had the same rights under the
laws.
The Immigrants were citizens of other Greek
cities who had immigrated in Athens. Their
main occupation was trade and they had a
pretty good life, but in order to stay
unbothered in the city, they had to pay a
tax, the “metikion”
The majority of the population were Slaves.
Some slaves worked as servants in Athenian
houses or in the fields and worked in
government services as jailers, accountants,
policemen, workers, the educated. The
educated slaves worked as a teacher in rich
Athenians’ houses

3.  Although Athens was the pillar of democracy
during these times, only men were able to
participate in the affairs that directly affect
the evolution of the city, ability to enter the
army, help in decision-making, controlling
politics, managing the economy of the house
etc. They usually spent their free time at
public baths or at the “pantheon” where
they discussed with others about different
procuring matters that were being unfolded
at the time. It goes without saying that they
took no part in the education of their
children whatsoever. Instead they tasked
different teachers to complete it, as well as
their wife.
 Women were staying at home all the
time and they rarely went out alone,
especially during religious holidays.
The only office that a woman could
hold was the one of priestess .
Women weren’t taking part in public
life and the were dealing mainly
with household chores. They were
usually supervising their slaves,
taking care of themselves and their
children and they were weaving.
Finally, they spent most of their day
in the “gunaikoniti”, a special part of
the house especially for her.
Men Women

4. Ancient Spaaartaaaaaa
Sparta was a city-state in ancient Greece
built on the banks of the river Evrotas
and specifically in Laconia at the
southeastern tip of the Peloponnese. In
fact, during classical antiquity, Sparta
was one of the two dominant city-states
of Greece together with Athens.
As for the military structure, the leader of
the army was one of the two kings, who
later led the expedition. Second of the
class was the Polemarchus, who was the
commander of one of the six Mores of
the Spartan Army. Third in the hierarchy
was the captain, who was the commander
of a battalion. Fourth in the hierarchy
was the Pedicodarchus leader, the leader
of 1/8 of each unit, known as the
Pentecostal. Fifth and last was the
commander, who commanded the smallest
unit of the Spartan Army.

5.  Although more strict than most of the
other civilizations of that time, women in
Sparta held a very important role which
was based on the belied that strong
women give birth to strong men. As a
result women had access to both
education and body training.
Furthermore, women held an other more
bizarre role, they were the ones who
greeted the warriors after a battle.
Following the rule of retiring with your
shield or on it acted as a way of
inspiration and gain of approval that
boosted the moral of warriors.
 The way the life in Sparta was
organized influenced the education
of young people. Children from the
age of seven were taken care of by
the city. They all lived together in
groups where they learned to
endure hard life and hardship. They
taught reading, writing, music and
dance. Also, the Spartans taught
their children to avoid chatter and to
speak quickly and clearly. So, the
wording of a phrase with a few
words and clever content was called
laconism.
Women Children