The document discusses various aspects of 4D visualization, including its applications in medical imaging like 4D ultrasounds, radiotherapy, and cinema. It explains the principles behind technologies like LiDAR and six degrees of freedom (6DOF) which are used for creating dynamic visualizations and understanding spatial-temporal data. The content also references case studies and contributions from notable figures in the field.

1. The 4D
Rahul Nayan
Poornima University
3rd Year (CE)

2. Quick RECAP

3. Rewind
x
y
1 Dimension (L)
2 dimension (L+W)
x
y
Z
3 dimension
(L+W+H)
x

5. Ludwig Schläfli

6. Edwin Abbott
(Theologian)
1884

7. “

8. 3d object passing through a 2d plane

9. 4d object passing through 3d space3d object passing through a 2d plane

11. Tesseract

12. 4D ultrasound is a
medical ultrasound
technique, used in
medical filed , providing
3D images of the fetus .
Program recognize the
frequencies echoes by
use the mathematic
theory of 4D to create
the 3D image , it can be
live by keep sending
courteously.
4D Ultrasound

13. •Radiotherapy : aimed
to use cancer’s
treatment to treat or
help to discover.
The process : 4D imaging
 treatment planning
 treatment delivery
4D radiotherapy

14. WANT BIG IMPACT?
USE BIG IMAGE.
4Dcinema or movie is not
really 4D
it’s combination of 3-D film with
physical effects synchronized with
film in the theatre , i.e. 4D Avatar.

15. Why should we care ?
4D visualization has a wide variety
of useful applications. Mostly , they
aims to see the inner 3D objects which
is inside the 4D.

16. 4D Visualization Aims
Combine all manner of 3D models, images, video, and data in a coherent
dynamic visualization to support spatial-temporal data understanding,
information extraction, and dynamic scene change detection
Text
Hyper-links
Communications
…
Li-DAR
Laser
Stereo
…
Satellite
Aerial
Ground
…
3D model Video/image Data
Information Fusion & Visualization
Data Fusion
Tracking
Model refinement
Needs:

17. Various Technologies used for Aerial Projection or 4D Visualization
◉LIDAR
LIDAR, which stands for Light Detection and Ranging, is a remote sensing method that uses light in the
form of a pulsed laser to measure ranges (variable distances) to the Earth. These light pulses—combined
with other data recorded by the airborne system— generate precise, three-dimensional information
about the shape of the Earth and its surface characteristics.
Sensor Sensor
Image plane
View
frustum

18. Various Technologies used for Aerial Projection or 4D Visualization
◉6DOF
Six degrees of freedom (6DOF) refers to the specific number of axes that a rigid body is able
to freely move in three-dimensional space. It defines the number of independent
parameters that define the configuration of a mechanical system. Specifically, the body can
move in three dimensions, on the X, Y and Z axes, as well as change orientation between
those axes though rotation usually called pitch, yaw and roll.

19. THANKS!
Any questions?

20. Special thanks to
W. de Leeuw and R. van Liere. Case Study:
Comparing Two Methods for Filtering External
Motion in 4D Confocal Microscopy Data. Joint
Eurographics .
&
M. Levoy. Display of surfaces from volume
data. Computer Graphics & Application.
CREDITS & REFERENCES