PDC+++ Module 4 Class 3 Energy

+ Module 4 of the PDC+++
PDC

+ + Energy & EcoTechnology
We dedicate this Module to the Mother &
Class Father of Integral Permaculture: Dana
Meadows & Howard Odum, two original
M4.3 pioneers who helped humanity make

Energy
great strides in understanding systemic
thinking, in all four quadrants.

What are the fundamental Energy Laws?
*
There are some basic energy laws the ignorance of which lead us to make very big &
avoidable mistakes, as global as peak oil or as individual as believing our salvation will
come from 'free energy'.
*
Not understanding the basic laws that govern energy also lead us to staying
permanently confused & therefore open to being manipulated with regards to any new
technology or 'new miracle fuel' that is proposed.
*
No progress can be made in terms of future energy choices if the majority of the
population cannot distinguish myth from science in these important areas, and in this
class we aim to firmly lay the foundations for understanding energy, which are also the
foundation of any good sustainable design.

M4.3 Energy * What are the
Fundamental Energy Laws?

What is Energy? & About Nature's Laws

The first Law: No Energy Destruction or Creation

The Second Law: Entropy always Increases

The dream of perpetual motion

The Fourth Law: The Power Principle

Energy
Energy
Transformation
Process

The ability to do work…

and WORK is defined as any useful energy
transformation

one type of energy is transformed into another kind of energy, with some being
turned into a non-usable form (no longer has the potential to do further work)

WORK

1Joule = 1 Newton x 1 meter

1J= 1N x m = (kg x m/seg2) x m

Distinguish
There are two between Energy
basic FORMS SOURCES
of energy: & FORMS of
Potential Energy
& Kinetic
+ mixtures of • Thermal energy, thermal energy
the two in transit is called heat
• Chemical energy
• Electric energy
• Radiant energy, the energy
of electromagnetic radiation
• Nuclear energy
• Magnetic energy
• Elastic energy
• Sound energy
• Mechanical energy
• Luminous energy
• Mass (E=mc²)

energy SOURCES
• Solar energy
• Wind energy
• Bio energy
• Geothermal energy
• Tidal energy FORMS of energy
• Nuclear energy
• Hydroelectric energy
• Fossil fuels
• Thermal energy
• Chemical energy
• Electric energy
• Radiant energy
• Nuclear energy
Potential • Magnetic energy
& Kinetic • Elastic energy
• Sound energy
In Class 4.6 we will go deeper into + mixtures • Mechanical
renewable sources of energy energy
• Luminous energy
• Mass (E=mc²)

The Laws of
Nature
Laws or Principles are rules - & the rules or
Laws of Nature are not negotiable

Like Theories or Models, Laws or Principles
can can be used to predict the behavior of the
natural world.

But Theories explain how something works,
whereas Laws say 'what always happens'

Laws RULE

The Energy Laws
The 3 Laws of Thermodynamics

The Maximum Power Principle (4th Law)

Hierarchically Organized Systems (5th Law)

The 4th & 5th are still only Proposals! (by
Odum :)


The first Law: No Energy Destruction
or Creation

The Second Law: Entropy always Increases



1st Law of Thermodynamics

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

1st Law: Energy cannot be created
or destroyed
it just changes from one form to another

Eg.someone riding a bicycle

chemical
kinetic
(potential)
energy
energy

heat

1st Law: Energy cannot be created or destroyed

But it CAN & does change from one form to
another (what Life is all about)

& the 'things' that do this changing are what we
call "technologies"

1st Law of Thermodynamics

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

First law of thermodynamics put in more scientific terms (wikipedia):

Heat and work are forms of energy transfer.
While energy is invariably conserved,
the internal energy of a closed system changes
as heat and work are transferred in or out of it.

Equivalently, perpetual motion machines of the first kind are impossible.


The first Law: No Energy Destruction or Creation

The Second Law: Entropy always
Increases



2nd Law of Thermodynamics

In all real energy transformations, some energy
loses its ability to do work

We sometimes speak loosely of energy Transformation
being “used up” whereas what is really 1J
St orage
meant is that the potential for doing
work is consumed, while the calories of 100 J 4J

energy inflows and outflowing are the 3J
same. 97 J

100 J

2nd Law: Entropy increases with time.

Entropy, or disorder of the system, is the measure of
the amount of energy not able to do work.

Most processes to obtain Energy
have a lot of Entropy associated
with them

Perpetual Motion
is motion that continues indefinitely without any
external source of energy;

impossible in practice because of friction.

Can also be described as ...

the motion of a hypothetical machine which,

once activated, would run forever, unless subject to
an external force or to wear.
& they have a very long
history!
There is a scientific consensus that perpetual motion
in an isolated system would violate the first &/or Perpetual machine by Villard de Honnecourt,
ca. 1230
second law of thermodynamics.

As we search for new energy sources, we're often faced
with "miracle cure" proposals

& it
really
helps
to know
about Vectors
+
know how
to apply
some
basic
science
Magnetic to Kinetic?

It seems that they
fascinate the
Green/Purple meme
One characteristic of the 'mean green meme' is an
incapacity to understand symmetry (& to reject science):

It wants Equality but doesn't really want to Work for it,

neither does it Value the Effort that was needed to
create all it's privileges ("know the price of everything &
the value of nothing")

Perpetual Motion Machine of the First Kind

The perpetual machines of the first kind would
violate the first law of thermodynamics, the law
of conservation of energy.

So, they would produce more energy than what
they consume, working eternally once switched
on.

Many of these designs use magnets as 'free
energy sources', & assume there is no friction.

Therefore, although these inventions cannot
work eternally, they are sometimes able to work
by themselves for long times, as long as they are
not required to do any work on their
environment.

Perpetual Motion Machine of the Second Kind

The perpetual machine of the second
kind is one which spontaneously Look for this PATTERN
converts thermal energy into in some of the 'solutions' (or proposals -
mechanical work. or causes?) of the crisis ...

The signature of a perpetual motion
machine of the second kind is that
there is only one heat reservoir
involved, which is being
spontaneously cooled without
involving a transfer of heat to a cooler
reservoir.

This conversion of heat into useful
work, without side effect, is
impossible, according to the second
law of thermodynamics.

Einstein worked as a Patents Office Clerk
& often was faced with the Eternal Engine proposals:
humans trying to get something out of nothing

Applying the energy laws provided him
with lots of spare time

Short-hand
for the Laws
of Thermo-
dynamics:

"there's
no free
lunch in
Nature"

4th Law of Thermodynamics
The Maximum Empower Principle

Self-organization
tends to develop network connections
that use energies in feedback actions
to aid the process of
getting more resources
or using them more efficiently...

4th Law of Thermodynamics
The Maximum Empower Principle

“In time,
through the process of trial and error,
complex patterns of structure and processes
have evolved...
the successful ones surviving
because they use materials and energies well
in their own maintenance,
and compete well with other patterns
that chance interposes.”
H.T. Odum

Something Most of our
Technologies achieve with
Oppression (not with Good Design)
& this 'Efficiency' network
Results in

4th Law of
Thermodynamics
The Maximum
Empower Principle

<<< Can you figure out what
this diagram might represent
by the next class?

This is HD Odum's work
Systems maximize power by:
& Class 4.3 is all about him
1) developing storages of high-quality energy,
2) feeding back work from storages to increase inflows,
3) recycling materials as needed,
4) organizing control mechanisms that keep the system adapted and stable,
5) setting up exchanges for needed materials,
6) Contributing work to the next larger system
>> 5th Law: All Systems are
organized hierarchically

Consumers MINIMIZE power (to the Transition) by:
1) SCATTERING storages of high-quality energy,
"Consumerism" =
2) feeding back work from storages to DECREASE inflows,
3) NOT recycling materials as needed,
4) are PART OF the organizing control mechanisms that
The Maximum
keep The System adapted and stable, Dis-Empowering
5) DESTROY exchanges for needed materials,
Principle
6) Contribute their work to the DESTRUCTO-system (max consumption for min overall
benefit)

Example of the (zillions of ..) Eco-Student Travelers
1) give their valuable money to transport multinationals, instead of to Transition Projects
2) transition projects are starved of money (high-quality energy) & over-supplied with volunteering
offers (usually very low-quality energy: non-skilled work that requires large amounts of professional work to supervise
if it is to be effective = decrease inflows)

3) there is often no recycling even of information/knowledge/discoveries (from one project to another, eg.
easily achievable by keeping good portfolios but requires climbing out of the 'me, me, me' mentality to a genuine 'we'
mind-set)

4) thus is this type of 'eco-tourism' turned into the 'arms of mass-distraction' & The System is fed
by the very people who want to learn to change it, whilst energy is drained from the Transition

Consumers MINIMIZE power (to the Transition) by:
1) SCATTERING storages of high-quality energy,
"Consumerism" =
2) feeding back work from storages to DECREASE inflows,
3) NOT recycling materials as needed,
4) are PART OF the organizing control mechanisms that The Maximum
keep The System adapted and stable,
Dis-Empowering Principle
5) DESTROY exchanges for needed materials, or
6) Contribute their work to the DESTRUCTO-system Minimum Power
Principle

Can you think of some other
typical 'green' examples?

"running off to the bush" to set up 'my
own sustainable project'

"being self-sufficient": making all our own
bread, shoes, etc. from raw materials

more on this in ...
M4.3 Howard Odum

& Module 5 on EcoEconomies!

Energy Laws ARE
EcoEconomy Laws

PDC+++ Module 4 Class 3 Energy

More Related Content

What's hot

Similar to PDC+++ Module 4 Class 3 Energy

More from Academia de Permacultura Integral

Recently uploaded

PDC+++ Module 4 Class 3 Energy

Editor's Notes