4/2/2017 The Real Threat to National Security: Deadly Disease The New York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/24/opinion/therealthreattonationalsecuritydeadlydisease.html?smprod=nytcoreipad&smid=nytcoreipadshare&_r=0 1/4
https://nyti.ms/2nO1RMj
The Opinion Pages | OPED CONTRIBUTORS
The Real Threat to National Security:
Deadly Disease
By MICHAEL T. OSTERHOLM and MARK OLSHAKER MARCH 24, 2017
While the Trump administration is proposing significantly increased military
spending to enhance our national security, it seems to have lost sight of the greatest
national security threat of all: our fight against infectious disease.
We already spend far more on our military than any other country in the world.
To help pay for the increases, President Trump wants to cut back many federal
programs, including those that prepare us to wage war against microbes, the greatest
and most lethal enemy we are ever likely to face. This is where “defense spending”
needs to increase, significantly.
President Trump’s budget would cut funding for the National Institutes of
Health by 18 percent. It would cut the State Department and the United States
Agency for International Development, a key vehicle for preventing and responding
to outbreaks before they reach our shores, by 28 percent. And the repeal of the
Affordable Care Act would kill the billiondollar Prevention and Public Health Fund,
which provides funding for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to fight
outbreaks of infectious disease. (While the budget also calls for the creation of an
emergency fund to respond to outbreaks, there is no indication that it would offset
the other cuts, or where the money would come from.)
Those cuts will not protect American citizens. They will diminish research and
vaccine development and our ability to respond to the growing threats of antibiotic
resistance and new infectious diseases.
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4/2/2017 The Real Threat to National Security: Deadly Disease The New York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/24/opinion/therealthreattonationalsecuritydeadlydisease.html?smprod=nytcoreipad&smid=nytcoreipadshare&_r=0 2/4
Those agencies are already falling short, as we saw last year, when they couldn’t
effectively respond to the Zika threat. What will they do when we face a real
pandemic? With 7.4 billion people, 20 billion chickens and 400 million pigs now
sharing the earth, we have created the ideal scenario for creating and spreading
dangerous microbes. Trade and travel have connected most points on the globe in a
matter of hours. More and more people are living in the microberich megac.
Vaccines have a successful history in eliminating or significantly decreasing the incidence of dangerous diseases. Vaccines prime your immune system to recognize and combat infections. Vaccines work by teaching your body to recognize specific dangerous pathogens, so your immune system is prepared to fight off that infection.
Globalization has increased risks from international threats like pandemics, environmental degradation, and ethnic violence. Strategies are needed to deal with these threats through improved surveillance, distribution of medicines, and understanding the causes of conflicts. Preventive actions before crises occur are important but difficult for governments. Underlying economic issues from globalization like unemployment and inequality can contribute to these threats if not addressed through education, health programs, and infrastructure investment. International cooperation through organizations like WHO and UN is vital to strengthen global efforts against diseases and support national health systems.
Type Essay Online. Type essay online - College Homework Help and Online Tutor...Theresa Paige
Type your essay online – Logan Square Auditorium. Essay Writing App - App That Writes Essays for You! - ∆ Apps that .... How essaytypercom can help you write an essay done quickly lqyqw.pdf .... Types of Essays | CSS Times. Persuasive Essay: Easy essay typer. Type essay online - Great College Essay. Different Types of Essays Samples starting from Basic Essay. School Essay: Essay type. How Online Essay Writing services boost your Grades | Write Assignment. Type essays online. Cheap scholarship essay writers sites for school.
The conditions required for the return of economic activity with the new coro...Fernando Alcoforado
This article aims to address three very important issues related to the new Coronavirus pandemic: the first concerns the conditions required for the resumption or reopening of economic activity; the second, concerns the chances of obtaining an effective vaccine to immunize the population of the virus, and the third, is related to the possibility or not of the pandemic becoming endemic. These last two issues are important because they condition the recovery of the economy. Therefore, this article seeks to answer the following questions: 1) Under what conditions should economic activities be resumed ?; 2) Is it possible to reopen the economy without a vaccine?; 3) Is it possible to obtain an effective vaccine to immunize the entire world population? 4) Will the new Coronavirus be endemic? To search for answers to these questions, some recent publications were analyzed, the details of which are presented in this article.
This document outlines a 5-step preparedness plan for coronavirus. It begins by stating that coronavirus is no worse than the annual flu and that the panic is worse than the actual virus. It then provides insights into China and criticisms of their handling of the outbreak. The plan includes: 1) Stocking up on essentials like rice, beans and water, 2) Practicing isolation by avoiding crowds, 3) Washing hands and face frequently, 4) Supporting a healthy immune system through diet and supplements, and 5) Using over-the-counter saline solution if soap and water aren't available as an alternative to hand sanitizer. The document criticizes responses to the outbreak and advocates remaining calm.
Mundo Offshore - Coronavirus update - Luigi Wewege article (English)Luigi Wewege
The world is already facing financial, social and personal security issues on an ever increasing scale. The Coronavirus is yet another challenge in this plethora of attacks on personal and financial freedom, so the experts of Mundo Offshore have decided to prepare a report. This report is intended to give advice so you can prepare yourself for the upcoming challenges that you will have to face both in a financial and a personal sense.
Vaccines have a successful history in eliminating or significantly decreasing the incidence of dangerous diseases. Vaccines prime your immune system to recognize and combat infections. Vaccines work by teaching your body to recognize specific dangerous pathogens, so your immune system is prepared to fight off that infection.
Globalization has increased risks from international threats like pandemics, environmental degradation, and ethnic violence. Strategies are needed to deal with these threats through improved surveillance, distribution of medicines, and understanding the causes of conflicts. Preventive actions before crises occur are important but difficult for governments. Underlying economic issues from globalization like unemployment and inequality can contribute to these threats if not addressed through education, health programs, and infrastructure investment. International cooperation through organizations like WHO and UN is vital to strengthen global efforts against diseases and support national health systems.
Type Essay Online. Type essay online - College Homework Help and Online Tutor...Theresa Paige
Type your essay online – Logan Square Auditorium. Essay Writing App - App That Writes Essays for You! - ∆ Apps that .... How essaytypercom can help you write an essay done quickly lqyqw.pdf .... Types of Essays | CSS Times. Persuasive Essay: Easy essay typer. Type essay online - Great College Essay. Different Types of Essays Samples starting from Basic Essay. School Essay: Essay type. How Online Essay Writing services boost your Grades | Write Assignment. Type essays online. Cheap scholarship essay writers sites for school.
The conditions required for the return of economic activity with the new coro...Fernando Alcoforado
This article aims to address three very important issues related to the new Coronavirus pandemic: the first concerns the conditions required for the resumption or reopening of economic activity; the second, concerns the chances of obtaining an effective vaccine to immunize the population of the virus, and the third, is related to the possibility or not of the pandemic becoming endemic. These last two issues are important because they condition the recovery of the economy. Therefore, this article seeks to answer the following questions: 1) Under what conditions should economic activities be resumed ?; 2) Is it possible to reopen the economy without a vaccine?; 3) Is it possible to obtain an effective vaccine to immunize the entire world population? 4) Will the new Coronavirus be endemic? To search for answers to these questions, some recent publications were analyzed, the details of which are presented in this article.
This document outlines a 5-step preparedness plan for coronavirus. It begins by stating that coronavirus is no worse than the annual flu and that the panic is worse than the actual virus. It then provides insights into China and criticisms of their handling of the outbreak. The plan includes: 1) Stocking up on essentials like rice, beans and water, 2) Practicing isolation by avoiding crowds, 3) Washing hands and face frequently, 4) Supporting a healthy immune system through diet and supplements, and 5) Using over-the-counter saline solution if soap and water aren't available as an alternative to hand sanitizer. The document criticizes responses to the outbreak and advocates remaining calm.
Mundo Offshore - Coronavirus update - Luigi Wewege article (English)Luigi Wewege
The world is already facing financial, social and personal security issues on an ever increasing scale. The Coronavirus is yet another challenge in this plethora of attacks on personal and financial freedom, so the experts of Mundo Offshore have decided to prepare a report. This report is intended to give advice so you can prepare yourself for the upcoming challenges that you will have to face both in a financial and a personal sense.
Approach to preparing for a biological attack (2017)Arete-Zoe, LLC
Approach to preparing for a biological attack
June 2017
Hospital risk management series
The debate on critical issues in science, health, and security encompasses many controversies and ethical challenges. The difference between a naturally occurring outbreak and criminal act of bioterrorism is often challenging to establish, and emergencies have to be handled as they come, regardless of the origin of the incident. The post-incident forensic analysis may or may not offer satisfactory answers in regards to attribution, liability, and the responsibility for compensation. The underlying issue for all ethical concerns examined in this work is the balance between individual rights and the needs of public health systems to protect others.
This document provides a summary of key trends related to vaccination. It discusses how vaccine hesitancy has increased around the world in recent decades, potentially undermining public health efforts to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. Employers have an important role to play in encouraging vaccination and responsible behavior during pandemics in order to protect public health and enable businesses and the economy to return to normal. However, the spread of misinformation about health issues and vaccines has undermined trust and compliance with public health recommendations. As research on a COVID-19 vaccine continues, effectively countering misinformation will be important for building confidence in any potential vaccine.
Several hundred German doctors and scientists have formed a committee to investigate the response to the coronavirus pandemic. A representative of the committee stated "we have a lot of evidence that it [the story of COVID-19] is a fake story all over the world," referring to evidence that COVID-19 is no more dangerous than seasonal flu. The article discusses experts who have been censored for questioning government narratives around COVID-19. It argues that there is conflicting information and censorship of alternatives, and asks whether governments are manipulating perception during the pandemic.
Coronavirus effects heighten fears of recession in the world economy. Stock exchanges have had a difficult week around the world and, in Europe, the recession seems inevitable. The paralysis in China weighs on domestic growth because the supply chains of multinationals need components made in Chinese factories to guarantee their production. Consumption in western countries will be strongly affected. Tourism, air transport, leisure are already suffering the consequences.
A paper on the Coronavirus outbreak which examines a back to the future return to a realist version of international relations and why a more cosmopolitan view of inter-state relations stressing the expertise of medical decision-makers is to be preferred founded on the institutional structure of the WHO - World Health Organisation.
Managing Coronavirus FearsThere are important health reasons t.docxwkyra78
Managing Coronavirus Fears
There are important health reasons to tamp down excessive anxiety that can accompany this viral threat.
By Jane E. Brody
April 13, 2020
Covid-19, the invisible enemy now bearing down on 328.2 million Americans, is tailor-made to induce fear and anxiety, prompting both rational and irrational behavior and, if the emotional stress persists, perhaps causing long-lasting harm to health.
We’re staring down an alien virus our bodies have never before encountered and which we are currently unable to control. There is no vaccine yet available to prevent Covid-19 or drug proven effective to fight the illness, limiting our ability to protect ourselves. So we buy reams and reams of toilet paper because it’s something we can do to give us a feeling of dominance over a force that threatens to overwhelm us.
“There’s never been a time in modern human history when every person is seriously worried about the same thing at the same time,” said David Ropeik, a consultant on risk management and former instructor in risk communication at the Harvard School of Public Health. And there’s never before been a ubiquitous threat that can be so instantly broadcast to a world of 7.8 billion people.
“We’re being inundated with a constant flow of scary information that overwhelms our ability to be dispassionate,” said Mr. Ropeik, author of “How Risky Is It, Really? Why Our Fears Don’t Always Match the Facts.” “Our brains are screaming to give the coronavirus more weight, challenging our ability to recognize that most people are actually at low risk.”
As with other calamities, it’s the bad news that gets the most attention, not the apparent fact that most people who become infected develop no symptoms or only mild ones and recover fully within a week or so.
Compounding a sense of doom for some people is their inability to evaluate risk and the fact that what is an acceptable risk for one person is intolerable to another. Following the terrorist attacks on Sept. 11, 2001, many people were afraid to fly and instead drove thousands of miles, incurring a far greater risk to life and limb yet instilling a feeling of control with their hands on the wheel and foot on the gas.
“A risk we choose seems less dangerous than a risk that is imposed on us,” Mr. Ropeik observed.
Not that it’s inappropriate to feel anxious about the risk we all now face, especially if that distress reminds us to be diligent about social distancing, avoid physical contact with people who do not share our household, wash our hands often and well and keep them off our faces and out of our eyes.
But while a certain amount of worrying can help motivate you to protect against possible exposure to the virus, compulsively reading or tuning in to the bad news about Covid-19 throughout the day is unlikely to enhance your emotional or physical well-being.
There are important health reasons to tamp down excessive anxiety that can accompany this viral threat. We have a built-in physiologic.
The document provides an overview of computational epidemiology through three sentences:
It discusses the history and basic concepts of computational epidemiology, from early mathematical models of diseases like smallpox and cholera to modern networked and data-driven approaches. Computational epidemiology uses mathematical and computational methods to study disease transmission and inform public health responses to epidemics. The field aims to attract computing and data scientists to help address open problems through frameworks like graphical dynamical systems.
How to compatibilize the health problems of the population with the economy p...Fernando Alcoforado
This document discusses how to balance health and economic issues arising from the coronavirus pandemic. It argues that total social distancing is necessary until a cure or vaccine is developed to avoid overwhelming health systems. However, social distancing harms the economy by reducing consumption and causing job losses and business closures. The author proposes governments provide support to the unemployed, poor and small businesses during social distancing to minimize economic damage until a vaccine is available, which may not be for 12-18 months. The crisis also highlights the need for countries to increase self-sufficiency in essential goods to reduce dependence on imports.
Public Health and Crisis Situations: Communicating and Connecting with Confid...SusanRodriguez85
Health communicators are important leaders in crisis response, and their role is essential during times of fear or uncertainty. To support the nation’s public health emergency response network, this webinar features expert panelists who share practical strategies, tools, and considerations to develop your organization’s approach to crisis communications.
Session topics address:
- Tips for developing a strong crisis communications plan before emergency events
- How to create rapid response messages that resonate across audiences
- How to develop and implement a multi-channel approach
- Embedding emotional support and empathy in messaging
- Evaluation and improvement opportunities post-crisis
This summarizes a research article on the impact of Covid-19 in India. It studied 491 Covid-19 patients in India looking at how gender, age, travel history, nationality, and reason for infection related to their current status. Age was found to have a strong association with current status, with older patients faring worse. The document reviewed several other studies on pandemics, including the 1918 flu, 2009 H1N1 flu, and how prenatal exposure to past pandemics had long-term health impacts. It discussed the challenges countries face in feeding low-income children during lockdowns meant to stop the spread of Covid-19.
Coronavirus COVID-19 Research Handbook (Free)The Free School
https://journalistethics.com/
Download this handbook free at the link above.
This free book is about Coronavirus COVID19. This free book is a comprehensive list of media and medical themes that surround this false flag fake news pandemic. It invites readers to adopt a critical reflective approach to reviewing information about Coronavirus COVID-19.
Coronavirus, COVID-19, COVID19, Coronavirus COVID-19, virus, sars, sudden acute respiratory syndrome, CDC, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO, World Heath Organization, European Center for Disease Control, Social distancing, Donald Trump, Hydroxychloroquine, Wuhan, China, Anthony Fauci, Deborah Birx, Tedros Adhanom, Bill Gates, Vaccine, Vaccines, global financial reset, NESARA, Pandemic
This book is about the Coronavirus COVID-19 ‘event’. It is an
inventory of dominant news themes. Researchers may draw
on these topics to conduct free inquiries into COVID-19.
This text contains six major sections beyond its global
perspective introduction. The next part critically examines
COVID-19 healthcare coding and treatment practices.
The third segment outlines critical thinking research skills
that may aid free-willed COVID-19 news reporters.
Part Four examines geo-political undercurrents for the six
main players: China, Italy, Iran, Korea, the UK, and Spain.
The penultimate component explores the alleged epicenter
of the economic and human impact of COVID-19: America.
This book’s summary explores four popular theories about
the core who, what, when, where, why, and how riddles that
torment those why try to decrypt the COVID-19 scam.
The World Health Organization has apparently explained the origin of the name COVID-19 which it awarded to this newly recognized strain of the Coronavirus family.
Coronavirus COVID 19 is a novel pandemic.
https://journalistethics.com/
Download this handbook free at the link above.
This free book is about Coronavirus COVID19. This free book is a comprehensive list of media and medical themes that surround this false flag fake news pandemic. It invites readers to adopt a critical reflective approach to reviewing information about Coronavirus COVID-19.
Coronavirus, COVID-19, COVID19, Coronavirus COVID-19, virus, sars, sudden acute respiratory syndrome, CDC, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO, World Heath Organization, European Center for Disease Control, Social distancing, Donald Trump, Hydroxychloroquine, Wuhan, China, Anthony Fauci, Deborah Birx, Tedros Adhanom, Bill Gates, Vaccine, Vaccines, global financial reset, NESARA, Pandemic
This book is about the Coronavirus COVID-19 ‘event’. It is an
inventory of dominant news themes. Researchers may draw
on these topics to conduct free inquiries into COVID-19.
This text contains six major sections beyond its global
perspective introduction. The next part critically examines
COVID-19 healthcare coding and treatment practices.
The third segment outlines critical thinking research skills
that may aid free-willed COVID-19 news reporters.
Part Four examines geo-political undercurrents for the six
main players: China, Italy, Iran, Korea, the UK, and Spain.
The penultimate component explores the alleged epicenter
of the economic and human impact of COVID-19: America.
This book’s summary explores four popular theories about
the core who, what, when, where, why, and how riddles that
torment those why try to decrypt the COVID-19 scam.
The World Health Organization has apparently explained the origin of the name COVID-19 which it awarded to this newly recognized strain of the Coronavirus family.
LESSON NOTES WEEK 5HLSS215 Regulatory Issues in Weapons of Ma.docxsmile790243
LESSON NOTES WEEK 5:HLSS215 Regulatory Issues in Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD):CO-5 Explain the process of primary care management for behavioral reactions during a weapon of mass destruction incident in the United States.
This week’s lecture focuses on understanding that as current events show us, applying federal regulatory best practices and sanction do not always work. Therefore, we need to be able to evaluate and appraise emergency management planning and relate to the various operational community action plans and be aware of secondary effects of a WMD incident. In addition, it provides the student four questions to consider preparedness and is designed to spark the student’s interest in learning more about Regulatory Issues in Weapons of Mass Destruction.
When you read World at Risk – pages 82-106 – you should gain an understanding of the Government and culture and who is accountable for preventing WMD proliferation and terrorism. After reading this, stop and think for a moment, make your own determinations on whether or not the world of government has a serious lack of coordination among the various agencies whose job it is to keep us safe.
Next, as you read, Weapons of Terror, Chapter 6 – This reading assignment focus on delivery means, missile defenses, and weapons in space. This reading focuses on three subjects that are not exclusively related to any one of the categories of WMD – the means of delivery of WMD, the dangers of missile defenses, and the risk of weaponization of outer space.
With that, let us start our lesson, as current events show us, applying federal regulatory best practices and sanction do not always work. Therefore, we need to be able to evaluate and appraise emergency management planning and relate to the various operational community action plans and be aware of secondary effects of a WMD incident.
We need to understand this because one of the gravest threats facing Americans today is a terrorist detonating a nuclear bomb within our borders.
The United States wields enormous power of the traditional kind, but traditional power is less effective than it used to be. In today’s world, individuals anywhere on the planet connect instantly with one another and with information. Money is moved, transactions are made, information is shared, instructions are issued, and attacks are unleashed with a keystroke. Weapons of tremendous destructive capability can be developed or acquired by those without access to an industrial base or even an economic base of any kind, and those weapons can be used to kill thousands of people and disrupt vital financial, communications, and transportation systems, which are easy to attack and hard to defend. All these factors have made nation-states less powerful and more vulnerable relative to the terrorists, who have no national base to defend and who therefore cannot be deterred through traditional means. (World at Risk 2008, xxi)
Therefore, it is critical, able to ev ...
The document discusses emerging viral epidemics and pandemics, and strategies for prevention. It notes that emerging diseases are increasingly common due to factors like human encroachment on animal habitats. Effective prevention requires both specific measures like vaccines and antivirals as well as non-specific measures like isolation and quarantine. While predicting epidemics is challenging, continued research and international coordination may help successfully forecast and prevent future outbreaks from becoming large epidemics.
U.s. sees virus peak in some cities next week as global toll climbs ..Deepak MahaRaajo-Raje
1) White House officials predict that cities like New York, Detroit, and New Orleans will reach the peak of their coronavirus outbreaks within the next 6-7 days.
2) The U.S. has over 300,000 confirmed cases as of Saturday, with New York state being the hardest hit with nearly 114,000 cases.
3) Most states have now issued stay-at-home orders to try and slow the spread of the virus, as government officials warn that the next two weeks will be crucial.
U.s. sees virus peak in some cities next week as global toll climbs ..Deepak Somajee-Sawant
1) White House officials predict that cities like New York, Detroit, and New Orleans will reach the peak of their coronavirus outbreaks within the next 6-7 days.
2) The U.S. has over 300,000 confirmed cases as of Saturday, with New York state being the hardest hit with nearly 114,000 cases.
3) Most states have now issued stay-at-home orders to try and slow the spread of the virus, as government officials warn that the next two weeks will be crucial.
U.s. sees virus peak in some cities next week as global toll climbs ..Deepak Sawant
1) White House officials predict that cities like New York, Detroit, and New Orleans will reach the peak of their coronavirus outbreaks within the next 6-7 days.
2) The U.S. has over 300,000 confirmed cases as of Saturday, with New York state being the hardest hit with nearly 114,000 cases.
3) Most states have now issued stay-at-home orders to try and slow the spread of the virus, as government officials warn that the next two weeks will be crucial.
U.s. sees virus peak in some cities next week as global toll climbs ..Deepakkum~Som Devtum
1) White House officials predict that cities like New York, Detroit, and New Orleans will reach the peak of their coronavirus outbreaks within the next 6-7 days.
2) The U.S. has over 300,000 confirmed cases as of Saturday, with New York state being the hardest hit with nearly 114,000 cases.
3) Most states have now issued stay-at-home orders to try and slow the spread of the virus, as government officials warn that the next two weeks will be crucial.
1) White House officials predict that cities like New York, Detroit, and New Orleans will reach the peak of their coronavirus outbreaks within the next 6-7 days.
2) The U.S. has over 300,000 confirmed cases as of Saturday, with New York state being the hardest hit with nearly 114,000 cases.
3) Most states have now issued stay-at-home orders to try and slow the spread of the virus, as government officials warn that the next two weeks will be crucial.
Empowering consumers with improved immunization intelligence through technolo...Michael Popovich
This document discusses empowering consumers with improved immunization information through technology and social frameworks. It provides three key points:
1) Historical examples show that providing individuals with public health information highly motivates them to take actions that stem disease spread.
2) Technology, like immunization registries and consumer access tools, can consolidate immunization records and empower individuals with their vaccination history.
3) Personal stories illustrate how improved access to immunization records helped identify a missed vaccination and motivated a company to increase flu shot rates among employees, reducing absenteeism.
· Present a discussion of what team is. What type(s) of team do .docxalinainglis
· Present a discussion of what team is. What type(s) of team do you have in your organization?
· What is meant by the “internal processes” of a team? Why is it important to manage both the internal processes and external opportunities/constraints of a team?
Note: It should contain 3 pages with citation included and References should be in APA format
.
· Presentation of your project. Prepare a PowerPoint with 8 slid.docxalinainglis
· Presentation of your project. Prepare a PowerPoint with 8 slides illustrating the role in Interdisciplinary care for our aging population (Outcome 1,2,3,4,5) (6 hours).
Make sure it has nursing diagnosis
make sure it's a APA STYLE
make sure it has reference
.
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The debate on critical issues in science, health, and security encompasses many controversies and ethical challenges. The difference between a naturally occurring outbreak and criminal act of bioterrorism is often challenging to establish, and emergencies have to be handled as they come, regardless of the origin of the incident. The post-incident forensic analysis may or may not offer satisfactory answers in regards to attribution, liability, and the responsibility for compensation. The underlying issue for all ethical concerns examined in this work is the balance between individual rights and the needs of public health systems to protect others.
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Coronavirus effects heighten fears of recession in the world economy. Stock exchanges have had a difficult week around the world and, in Europe, the recession seems inevitable. The paralysis in China weighs on domestic growth because the supply chains of multinationals need components made in Chinese factories to guarantee their production. Consumption in western countries will be strongly affected. Tourism, air transport, leisure are already suffering the consequences.
A paper on the Coronavirus outbreak which examines a back to the future return to a realist version of international relations and why a more cosmopolitan view of inter-state relations stressing the expertise of medical decision-makers is to be preferred founded on the institutional structure of the WHO - World Health Organisation.
Managing Coronavirus FearsThere are important health reasons t.docxwkyra78
Managing Coronavirus Fears
There are important health reasons to tamp down excessive anxiety that can accompany this viral threat.
By Jane E. Brody
April 13, 2020
Covid-19, the invisible enemy now bearing down on 328.2 million Americans, is tailor-made to induce fear and anxiety, prompting both rational and irrational behavior and, if the emotional stress persists, perhaps causing long-lasting harm to health.
We’re staring down an alien virus our bodies have never before encountered and which we are currently unable to control. There is no vaccine yet available to prevent Covid-19 or drug proven effective to fight the illness, limiting our ability to protect ourselves. So we buy reams and reams of toilet paper because it’s something we can do to give us a feeling of dominance over a force that threatens to overwhelm us.
“There’s never been a time in modern human history when every person is seriously worried about the same thing at the same time,” said David Ropeik, a consultant on risk management and former instructor in risk communication at the Harvard School of Public Health. And there’s never before been a ubiquitous threat that can be so instantly broadcast to a world of 7.8 billion people.
“We’re being inundated with a constant flow of scary information that overwhelms our ability to be dispassionate,” said Mr. Ropeik, author of “How Risky Is It, Really? Why Our Fears Don’t Always Match the Facts.” “Our brains are screaming to give the coronavirus more weight, challenging our ability to recognize that most people are actually at low risk.”
As with other calamities, it’s the bad news that gets the most attention, not the apparent fact that most people who become infected develop no symptoms or only mild ones and recover fully within a week or so.
Compounding a sense of doom for some people is their inability to evaluate risk and the fact that what is an acceptable risk for one person is intolerable to another. Following the terrorist attacks on Sept. 11, 2001, many people were afraid to fly and instead drove thousands of miles, incurring a far greater risk to life and limb yet instilling a feeling of control with their hands on the wheel and foot on the gas.
“A risk we choose seems less dangerous than a risk that is imposed on us,” Mr. Ropeik observed.
Not that it’s inappropriate to feel anxious about the risk we all now face, especially if that distress reminds us to be diligent about social distancing, avoid physical contact with people who do not share our household, wash our hands often and well and keep them off our faces and out of our eyes.
But while a certain amount of worrying can help motivate you to protect against possible exposure to the virus, compulsively reading or tuning in to the bad news about Covid-19 throughout the day is unlikely to enhance your emotional or physical well-being.
There are important health reasons to tamp down excessive anxiety that can accompany this viral threat. We have a built-in physiologic.
The document provides an overview of computational epidemiology through three sentences:
It discusses the history and basic concepts of computational epidemiology, from early mathematical models of diseases like smallpox and cholera to modern networked and data-driven approaches. Computational epidemiology uses mathematical and computational methods to study disease transmission and inform public health responses to epidemics. The field aims to attract computing and data scientists to help address open problems through frameworks like graphical dynamical systems.
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This document discusses how to balance health and economic issues arising from the coronavirus pandemic. It argues that total social distancing is necessary until a cure or vaccine is developed to avoid overwhelming health systems. However, social distancing harms the economy by reducing consumption and causing job losses and business closures. The author proposes governments provide support to the unemployed, poor and small businesses during social distancing to minimize economic damage until a vaccine is available, which may not be for 12-18 months. The crisis also highlights the need for countries to increase self-sufficiency in essential goods to reduce dependence on imports.
Public Health and Crisis Situations: Communicating and Connecting with Confid...SusanRodriguez85
Health communicators are important leaders in crisis response, and their role is essential during times of fear or uncertainty. To support the nation’s public health emergency response network, this webinar features expert panelists who share practical strategies, tools, and considerations to develop your organization’s approach to crisis communications.
Session topics address:
- Tips for developing a strong crisis communications plan before emergency events
- How to create rapid response messages that resonate across audiences
- How to develop and implement a multi-channel approach
- Embedding emotional support and empathy in messaging
- Evaluation and improvement opportunities post-crisis
This summarizes a research article on the impact of Covid-19 in India. It studied 491 Covid-19 patients in India looking at how gender, age, travel history, nationality, and reason for infection related to their current status. Age was found to have a strong association with current status, with older patients faring worse. The document reviewed several other studies on pandemics, including the 1918 flu, 2009 H1N1 flu, and how prenatal exposure to past pandemics had long-term health impacts. It discussed the challenges countries face in feeding low-income children during lockdowns meant to stop the spread of Covid-19.
Coronavirus COVID-19 Research Handbook (Free)The Free School
https://journalistethics.com/
Download this handbook free at the link above.
This free book is about Coronavirus COVID19. This free book is a comprehensive list of media and medical themes that surround this false flag fake news pandemic. It invites readers to adopt a critical reflective approach to reviewing information about Coronavirus COVID-19.
Coronavirus, COVID-19, COVID19, Coronavirus COVID-19, virus, sars, sudden acute respiratory syndrome, CDC, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO, World Heath Organization, European Center for Disease Control, Social distancing, Donald Trump, Hydroxychloroquine, Wuhan, China, Anthony Fauci, Deborah Birx, Tedros Adhanom, Bill Gates, Vaccine, Vaccines, global financial reset, NESARA, Pandemic
This book is about the Coronavirus COVID-19 ‘event’. It is an
inventory of dominant news themes. Researchers may draw
on these topics to conduct free inquiries into COVID-19.
This text contains six major sections beyond its global
perspective introduction. The next part critically examines
COVID-19 healthcare coding and treatment practices.
The third segment outlines critical thinking research skills
that may aid free-willed COVID-19 news reporters.
Part Four examines geo-political undercurrents for the six
main players: China, Italy, Iran, Korea, the UK, and Spain.
The penultimate component explores the alleged epicenter
of the economic and human impact of COVID-19: America.
This book’s summary explores four popular theories about
the core who, what, when, where, why, and how riddles that
torment those why try to decrypt the COVID-19 scam.
The World Health Organization has apparently explained the origin of the name COVID-19 which it awarded to this newly recognized strain of the Coronavirus family.
Coronavirus COVID 19 is a novel pandemic.
https://journalistethics.com/
Download this handbook free at the link above.
This free book is about Coronavirus COVID19. This free book is a comprehensive list of media and medical themes that surround this false flag fake news pandemic. It invites readers to adopt a critical reflective approach to reviewing information about Coronavirus COVID-19.
Coronavirus, COVID-19, COVID19, Coronavirus COVID-19, virus, sars, sudden acute respiratory syndrome, CDC, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO, World Heath Organization, European Center for Disease Control, Social distancing, Donald Trump, Hydroxychloroquine, Wuhan, China, Anthony Fauci, Deborah Birx, Tedros Adhanom, Bill Gates, Vaccine, Vaccines, global financial reset, NESARA, Pandemic
This book is about the Coronavirus COVID-19 ‘event’. It is an
inventory of dominant news themes. Researchers may draw
on these topics to conduct free inquiries into COVID-19.
This text contains six major sections beyond its global
perspective introduction. The next part critically examines
COVID-19 healthcare coding and treatment practices.
The third segment outlines critical thinking research skills
that may aid free-willed COVID-19 news reporters.
Part Four examines geo-political undercurrents for the six
main players: China, Italy, Iran, Korea, the UK, and Spain.
The penultimate component explores the alleged epicenter
of the economic and human impact of COVID-19: America.
This book’s summary explores four popular theories about
the core who, what, when, where, why, and how riddles that
torment those why try to decrypt the COVID-19 scam.
The World Health Organization has apparently explained the origin of the name COVID-19 which it awarded to this newly recognized strain of the Coronavirus family.
LESSON NOTES WEEK 5HLSS215 Regulatory Issues in Weapons of Ma.docxsmile790243
LESSON NOTES WEEK 5:HLSS215 Regulatory Issues in Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD):CO-5 Explain the process of primary care management for behavioral reactions during a weapon of mass destruction incident in the United States.
This week’s lecture focuses on understanding that as current events show us, applying federal regulatory best practices and sanction do not always work. Therefore, we need to be able to evaluate and appraise emergency management planning and relate to the various operational community action plans and be aware of secondary effects of a WMD incident. In addition, it provides the student four questions to consider preparedness and is designed to spark the student’s interest in learning more about Regulatory Issues in Weapons of Mass Destruction.
When you read World at Risk – pages 82-106 – you should gain an understanding of the Government and culture and who is accountable for preventing WMD proliferation and terrorism. After reading this, stop and think for a moment, make your own determinations on whether or not the world of government has a serious lack of coordination among the various agencies whose job it is to keep us safe.
Next, as you read, Weapons of Terror, Chapter 6 – This reading assignment focus on delivery means, missile defenses, and weapons in space. This reading focuses on three subjects that are not exclusively related to any one of the categories of WMD – the means of delivery of WMD, the dangers of missile defenses, and the risk of weaponization of outer space.
With that, let us start our lesson, as current events show us, applying federal regulatory best practices and sanction do not always work. Therefore, we need to be able to evaluate and appraise emergency management planning and relate to the various operational community action plans and be aware of secondary effects of a WMD incident.
We need to understand this because one of the gravest threats facing Americans today is a terrorist detonating a nuclear bomb within our borders.
The United States wields enormous power of the traditional kind, but traditional power is less effective than it used to be. In today’s world, individuals anywhere on the planet connect instantly with one another and with information. Money is moved, transactions are made, information is shared, instructions are issued, and attacks are unleashed with a keystroke. Weapons of tremendous destructive capability can be developed or acquired by those without access to an industrial base or even an economic base of any kind, and those weapons can be used to kill thousands of people and disrupt vital financial, communications, and transportation systems, which are easy to attack and hard to defend. All these factors have made nation-states less powerful and more vulnerable relative to the terrorists, who have no national base to defend and who therefore cannot be deterred through traditional means. (World at Risk 2008, xxi)
Therefore, it is critical, able to ev ...
The document discusses emerging viral epidemics and pandemics, and strategies for prevention. It notes that emerging diseases are increasingly common due to factors like human encroachment on animal habitats. Effective prevention requires both specific measures like vaccines and antivirals as well as non-specific measures like isolation and quarantine. While predicting epidemics is challenging, continued research and international coordination may help successfully forecast and prevent future outbreaks from becoming large epidemics.
U.s. sees virus peak in some cities next week as global toll climbs ..Deepak MahaRaajo-Raje
1) White House officials predict that cities like New York, Detroit, and New Orleans will reach the peak of their coronavirus outbreaks within the next 6-7 days.
2) The U.S. has over 300,000 confirmed cases as of Saturday, with New York state being the hardest hit with nearly 114,000 cases.
3) Most states have now issued stay-at-home orders to try and slow the spread of the virus, as government officials warn that the next two weeks will be crucial.
U.s. sees virus peak in some cities next week as global toll climbs ..Deepak Somajee-Sawant
1) White House officials predict that cities like New York, Detroit, and New Orleans will reach the peak of their coronavirus outbreaks within the next 6-7 days.
2) The U.S. has over 300,000 confirmed cases as of Saturday, with New York state being the hardest hit with nearly 114,000 cases.
3) Most states have now issued stay-at-home orders to try and slow the spread of the virus, as government officials warn that the next two weeks will be crucial.
U.s. sees virus peak in some cities next week as global toll climbs ..Deepak Sawant
1) White House officials predict that cities like New York, Detroit, and New Orleans will reach the peak of their coronavirus outbreaks within the next 6-7 days.
2) The U.S. has over 300,000 confirmed cases as of Saturday, with New York state being the hardest hit with nearly 114,000 cases.
3) Most states have now issued stay-at-home orders to try and slow the spread of the virus, as government officials warn that the next two weeks will be crucial.
U.s. sees virus peak in some cities next week as global toll climbs ..Deepakkum~Som Devtum
1) White House officials predict that cities like New York, Detroit, and New Orleans will reach the peak of their coronavirus outbreaks within the next 6-7 days.
2) The U.S. has over 300,000 confirmed cases as of Saturday, with New York state being the hardest hit with nearly 114,000 cases.
3) Most states have now issued stay-at-home orders to try and slow the spread of the virus, as government officials warn that the next two weeks will be crucial.
1) White House officials predict that cities like New York, Detroit, and New Orleans will reach the peak of their coronavirus outbreaks within the next 6-7 days.
2) The U.S. has over 300,000 confirmed cases as of Saturday, with New York state being the hardest hit with nearly 114,000 cases.
3) Most states have now issued stay-at-home orders to try and slow the spread of the virus, as government officials warn that the next two weeks will be crucial.
Empowering consumers with improved immunization intelligence through technolo...Michael Popovich
This document discusses empowering consumers with improved immunization information through technology and social frameworks. It provides three key points:
1) Historical examples show that providing individuals with public health information highly motivates them to take actions that stem disease spread.
2) Technology, like immunization registries and consumer access tools, can consolidate immunization records and empower individuals with their vaccination history.
3) Personal stories illustrate how improved access to immunization records helped identify a missed vaccination and motivated a company to increase flu shot rates among employees, reducing absenteeism.
Similar to 422017 The Real Threat to National Security Deadly Disease .docx (20)
· Present a discussion of what team is. What type(s) of team do .docxalinainglis
· Present a discussion of what team is. What type(s) of team do you have in your organization?
· What is meant by the “internal processes” of a team? Why is it important to manage both the internal processes and external opportunities/constraints of a team?
Note: It should contain 3 pages with citation included and References should be in APA format
.
· Presentation of your project. Prepare a PowerPoint with 8 slid.docxalinainglis
· Presentation of your project. Prepare a PowerPoint with 8 slides illustrating the role in Interdisciplinary care for our aging population (Outcome 1,2,3,4,5) (6 hours).
Make sure it has nursing diagnosis
make sure it's a APA STYLE
make sure it has reference
.
· Prepare a research proposal, mentioning a specific researchabl.docxalinainglis
· Prepare a research proposal, mentioning a specific researchable title, background, Review of literature, research questions and objectives, methodology, resources and references.
· Prepare the Gant Chart to indicate the timescale for completing the proposal
RESEARCH PROPOSAL OUTLINE
1. Title
2. Background (introduction)
3. Review of literature
4. Research Questions & objectives
5. Methodology
4.1 Research Design
4.2 Participants
4.3 Techniques
4.4 Ethical Considerations
6. Time scale (Gantt chart)
7. Resources
8. References
.
· Previous professional experiences that have had a profound.docxalinainglis
· Previous professional experiences that have had a profound effect:
Before I started college, my parents wanted me to excel in healthcare knowing its high demand. The path to health care and eventual employment in a notable hospital setting seemed less risky than the one of Art and design. A few networking events and some LinkedIn leads later I came across an opportunity to start a Biomedical Engineering startup in South Florida with two investors willing to mentor me in a field I wasn’t familiar with. Luckily this new venture I was undertaking had a somewhat speculative risk. I made sure they were mostly in my favor thanks to the connections my investors had in the industry, and my background in health care. My hard work and diligence paid off slowly teaching myself the mechanics of the industry through the engineers we would hire. I remember watching how they would calibrate medical devices from pumps to life-saving equipment in awe. And with the same tenacity absorbing all the medical jargon in the Biomed world. I was adamant about doing my best and being the best even if that meant leaving my creative dreams behind. We started the business almost four years ago as a small minority women-owned business in the corner of a business complex. Five biomedical engineers and six technicians later we are still scaling and have since expanded our office from that small corner to the entire business building. Currently, we are a nationally recognized Biomed and medical supply company for some of the largest healthcare facilities in both the civilian and government sector. Yet through out all the achievement I felt the only sense of raw passion was when I collaborated with my engineers in delivering problem solving services to the hospital we served. Their job was to service devices in a hospital at a micro level and I would bridge that gap by identifying problems and finding opportunities in product service at a large-scale. Working hand in hand with the engineers in articulating the hospital need for turnover I would use design through projective process in creating a plan that would work in the most practical sense.
This moment of free creative problem solving was the highlight of my job. It gave me an opportunity to realize that although at times my approach was unconventional it would work. My systematic methodology I had adapted from working with engineers and my innate out of the box idea would come to together to solve some of the most challenging issues. Little did I know that this minor stroke of self-awareness would one day have me consider architecture.
Your current strengths and weaknesses in reaching your goal.
I realized my creative talents in design could not flourish under the pressures of work. I would constantly leave the office feeling drained in a profession my heart was not set on. In this I learned my weakness was how far I was willing to neglect the urge for creativity, and in exchange it jeopardized my sense of purpos.
· Please select ONE of the following questions and write a 200-wor.docxalinainglis
· Please select ONE of the following questions and write a 200-word discussion.
1. The Federal Reserve Board has enormous power over people's lives with its power to set and influence policy that determines monetary policy in the United States. Do you think this is proper for a democracy to provide the FED with so such power? How is the FED held accountable?
2. Do you believe that the roles of government should change from era to era, or should the US determine the proper role of government and try to maintain it through the ages?
3. Explain Executive Power in the US Constitution and briefly the process by which it developed over the years. Do you think the Framers should have been more specific about the powers of the presidency? Should the country try to make it more specific today?
· Please read the discussions below and write a 100 to 150 words respond for each discussion.
1. (question 1) I do believe that this is proper for a democracy to provided such power to FED. Without the FED the economy would face two problem, which are recessions that can lead into depressions, and inflation. The FED needs to have power to endures the country will not fall into economic trouble. In class professor McWeeney stated that the FED has the power to increase interest rates to control inflation, and the power to decrease interest rates so that theres more money in the economy to create more business and jobs so there wont be a recession. The FED needs these power to try to put the economy in a sweet spot. The FED is held accountable to the government and public. The FED does this by being transparent and giving and annual report to congress.
2. (question 2) I believe that the roles of the government should be changed from era to era. My main reason the roles should be changed is because major changes are constantly happening in the field of law. For example, the progressive era and modern era had several economic reforms that had taken place including increased regulation, anti-trust activity, application of an income tax, raise on social insurance programs, etc. Throughout this time, the government gave women the right to vote. I believe the economy is growing rapidly due to employment relationships, better technology, education, new polices, social and economic changes. This is the reason why the roles of the government should be changed from era to era.
Communicating professionally and ethically is one of the
essential skill sets we can teach you at Strayer. The following
guidelines will ensure:
· Your writing is professional
· You avoid plagiarizing others, which is essential to writing ethically
· You give credit to others in your work
Visit Strayer’s Academic Integrity Center for more information.
Winter 2019
https://pslogin.strayer.edu/?dest=academic-support/academic-integrity-center
Strayer University Writing Standards 2
� Include page numbers.
� Use 1-inch margins.
� Use Arial, Courier, Times New Roman.
· Please use Firefox for access to cronometer.com16 ye.docxalinainglis
· Please use
Firefox
for access to
cronometer.com
16 years old Female. Born on 01/05/2005. Height 5’4, 115 lbs
· Menu Analysis
DAY 2
Quesadilla
Fiesta beans
Salsa
Sour cream
Corn
Fruit
· Submit Screen Shot for Nutrient report for assignment menu(s)
§ Right click to use “Take a screenshot” feature (Firefox only) on specific date you want to have screen shot to save/obtain.
Nutrient Report and Food Intake
· The paper must include all required elements including
each
Cronometer, Excess, Deficit, and
G
roup
Summary of your nutrient report and food intake
Excess
:
· List
ALL
Nutrients that are
Over 100% (Except Amino Acids)
on Cronometer Nutrient report
· List
Food Items
on menu that may reflect excess nutrients on Cronometer Nutrient report
Deficit
:
· List
ALL
Nutrients that are
Less than 50% (Except Amino Acids)
on Cronometer Nutrient report
· List
Food Items
on menu that may reflect deficit nutrients on Cronometer Nutrient report
Summary
:
§ Summarize your overall in 1-2 paragraph, evaluation and conclusion of nutrients and food items on the menu.
.
· Please share theoretical explanations based on social, cultural an.docxalinainglis
· Please share theoretical explanations based on social, cultural and environmental factors, which may contribute to victimization from criminal behavior
· Based on your personal or professional experience share your thoughts on what coping mechanism (internal and external), and support processes can be considered if becoming a crime victim?
.
· If we accept the fact that we may need to focus more on teaching.docxalinainglis
· If we accept the fact that we may need to focus more on teaching civic responsibility, how can this work with both "policies and people" in the school where you become principal?
In order to increase the focus on teaching civic responsibility, policy must be in place supporting this goal. A school leader must be willing to invest time and funds into planning, training, and implementing curriculum that emphasizes civics. Staff members may have different levels of interest, understanding, and comfort when it comes to incorporating civic responsibility into their teaching, so providing professional development in this area would be critical. The strategic plan for integrating civic responsibility and the expectations for each teacher’s involvement should be clearly communicated. In addition to establishing these policies regarding civics education, the school leader and teachers must work to model civic responsibility. In addition to sharing his or her vision for increased focus on civics with the school staff, the school leader should work to share his or her vision with school board members, other district personnel including the superintendent, and the greater community. Lastly, school leaders need to support their staff as they take risks and work to develop and implement new activities, discussions, and projects centered around teaching civic responsibility.
· How will you lead your staff in this part of the curriculum?
In leading my staff in this part of the curriculum, I would work to secure professional development related to civic responsibility, as this is not an area that I have expertise in, and work as a staff to develop our vision and implementation goals. I would also provide examples such as the work of the exemplar schools described in the article in integrating civic responsibility across all content areas, implementing service-learning programs, and creating partnerships between the school and community. I would also work within PLTs to develop ways that civic responsibility could be incorporated within their curriculum and remind them that they have my support as they embark on this endea
Required Resources
Text
Baack, D. (2017). Organizational behavior (2nd ed.). Retrieved from https://ashford.content.edu
· Chapter 8: Leadership
Articles
Austen, B. (2012, July 23). The story of Steve Jobs: An inspiration or a cautionary tale? (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.Wired. Retrieved fom http://www.wired.com/2012/07/ff_stevejobs/all/
Charan, R. (2006). Home Depot’s blueprint for culture change. Harvard Business Review. 84(4), 60-70. Retrieved from EBSCOhost database
Grow, B., Foust, D., Thornton, E., Farzad, R., McGregor, J., & Zegal, S. (2007). Out at home depot (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. Business Week.
Retrieved from http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2007-01-14/out-at-home-depot
Stark, A. (1993). What's the matter with business ethics? Harvard Business Review, 71(3), 38-48. .
· How many employees are working for youtotal of 5 employees .docxalinainglis
· How many employees are working for you?
total of 5 employees
· How did you get your idea or concept for the business?
· CLEAR is a reflection by transparency, manifest and understood, our product is new in the market, and it follows the international fashion style that suits every lady,
· A bag represents you, bags are women priority, and its something women can't go outside without, our bags differ by other bags is that its clear, which is the new form of fashion style, we also made customization on bags so it is a remarkable tool that can lead to higher profit through increased customer satisfaction and loyalty, although it brings for our small factory a lot of work, the good work pays off, we entered these industry because there are no locals designer in it and we started in2016 and hope to reach a global position.
· What do you look for in an employee? (the most important things)
- helping customers on their choice
-stylist
- team work spirit
- deciplant & committed to work ethics
- Good Communication skills
- Ability to manage the conflict
- Is the company socially responsible?
Yes , we try our best to make some of sell go for the charity and especially to help poor people get new clothes , we donate 5% yearly in our total sales .
· What made you choose your current location?
Main criterias for selecting current location :
1- Close to the residence areas , meliha road, near the university of Sharjah
2- Easy access to the visiting customers
3- Its in a big avenue that has many designers and clothing brands
4- Easy to pick up from the shop
5- Serve a big segmentation
· What are your responsibilities as a business owner?
the main responsibility of the Business owner is to maintain the successful of the business, but in order to achieve this have to do so many tasks like:
1- Hire and manage the staff
2- Oversees the financial status , weekly and monthly .
3- Create marketing plans of how the business will be in a year
4- Update the website and chick the system
5- Rent fees
6- Make sure how customers are satisfied by the product
7- Make sure about product quality and chick up
8- Maintain a healthy work environment
9- Develop and fine tune the business according to the market situation
· How do you motivate your employees?
We follow different methods for motivations
1- Personal appreciation for individuals for hard work or personal achievements
2- Kind words
3- Flexible working hours
4- Daily bonus if achieved the daily sales targets
5- Giving the new collection bags as a gift before dropping it to the market , it makes them feel appreciated and special
· Can you give me an example of any challenges or problems that you faced with your shop and employees?
Hiring the right employee is always challenge, last Ramadan we had a huge unread massage for eid orders as well, our customer started to get angry and write under the inestgram comments that there was no respond for online shopping , we struggl.
· How should the risks be prioritized· Who should do the priori.docxalinainglis
· How should the risks be prioritized?
· Who should do the prioritization of the project risks?
· How should project risks be monitored and controlled?
· Who should develop risk responses and contingency plans?
· Who should own these responses and plans?
Introduction
This week, we will explore risk management. Risk management is one of those areas in project management that separates good project managers from great project managers. A good project manager makes risk management an integral part of every phase of project work. Risks are identified, prioritized, and understood. There are clear responsibilities within the team as to whose is responsible for implementing a risk response to reduce the impact should it occur. So let's get started.
What is Risk?
*Risk: An uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, has a positive or negative effect on one or more project objectives.
Risks can be positive, meaning beneficial to the project, or they can be negative, meaning detrimental to the project.
Many students have a difficult time visualizing positive risks. A positive risk is an opportunity that may increase the probability of success, the return on investment, or the benefits of the project. They may also be ways to reduce project costs or ways to complete the project early. There may even be methods to improve project quality or overall performance. These are all examples of positive risks.
A negative risk can be easier to understand. It is the possibility that something will go wrong, a threat to the success of the project. It is important to remember that a risk is a possibility, not a fact. It is a potential problem. At GettaByte Software, there is the potential that a power outage would occur during data transfer. The potential exists that a key resource could become unavailable due to some unforeseen circumstance, like illness. Those are threats to the success of the project.
When buying a house to renovate, there are potential risks with respect to plumbing, wiring, the foundation, and so on.
A project manager needs to consider trying to make positive risks happen while trying to prevent negative ones from occurring. To do this, a project manager can take a proactive approach to risk management. This means he or she plans a risk response should it look as though the risk will become a reality. In this way, everyone knows exactly how to prepare and respond to the risk once it does become an issue.
The Risk Management Process
A project has both good and bad risks, which are referred to as positive and negative risks or opportunities and threats. For positive risks or opportunities, the project manager can choose from a range of risk responses. For threats, a project manager has a similar range of choices. The following, as described in the PMBOK® Guide, are the risk management processes.
Plan Risk Management:
· Risk Strategy
· Defines the general approach to managing risk on the project
· Methodology
· Defines the specific, tools, .
· How does the distribution mechanism control the issues address.docxalinainglis
· How does the distribution mechanism control the issues addressed in Music and TV, when in regards to race/ethnicity?
· Determine who controls the distribution of Music and TV, when in regards to race/ethnicity?
· In what ways does the controller of distribution affect the shared experience of the audience and community? Keep in mind that a community may be local, regional, national, or global. Be specific in your discussion.
.
· Helen Petrakis Identifying Data Helen Petrakis is a 5.docxalinainglis
·
Helen Petrakis Identifying Data: Helen Petrakis is a 52-year-old, Caucasian female of Greek descent living in a four-bedroom house in Tarpon Springs, FL. Her family consists of her husband, John (60), son, Alec (27), daughter, Dmitra (23), and daughter Althima (18). John and Helen have been married for 30 years. They married in the Greek Orthodox Church and attend services weekly.
Presenting Problem: Helen reports feeling overwhelmed and “blue.” She was referred by a close friend who thought Helen would benefit from having a person who would listen. Although she is uncomfortable talking about her life with a stranger, Helen says that she decided to come for therapy because she worries about burdening friends with her troubles. John has been expressing his displeasure with meals at home, as Helen has been cooking less often and brings home takeout. Helen thinks she is inadequate as a wife. She states that she feels defeated; she describes an incident in which her son, Alec, expressed disappointment in her because she could not provide him with clean laundry. Helen reports feeling overwhelmed by her responsibilities and believes she can’t handle being a wife, mother, and caretaker any longer.
Family Dynamics: Helen describes her marriage as typical of a traditional Greek family. John, the breadwinner in the family, is successful in the souvenir shop in town. Helen voices a great deal of pride in her children. Dmitra is described as smart, beautiful, and hardworking. Althima is described as adorable and reliable. Helen shops, cooks, and cleans for the family, and John sees to yard care and maintaining the family’s cars. Helen believes the children are too busy to be expected to help around the house, knowing that is her role as wife and mother. John and Helen choose not to take money from their children for any room or board. The Petrakis family holds strong family bonds within a large and supportive Greek community.
Helen is the primary caretaker for Magda (John’s 81-year-old widowed mother), who lives in an apartment 30 minutes away. Until recently, Magda was self-sufficient, coming for weekly family dinners and driving herself shopping and to church. Six months ago, she fell and broke her hip and was also recently diagnosed with early signs of dementia. Helen and John hired a reliable and trusted woman temporarily to check in on Magda a couple of days each week. Helen would go and see Magda on the other days, sometimes twice in one day, depending on Magda’s needs. Helen would go food shopping for Magda, clean her home, pay her bills, and keep track of Magda’s medications. Since Helen thought she was unable to continue caretaking for both Magda and her husband and kids, she wanted the helper to come in more often, but John said they could not afford it. The money they now pay to the helper is coming out of the couple’s vacation savings. Caring for Magda makes Helen think she is failing as a wife and mother because she no longer ha.
· Global O365 Tenant Settings relevant to SPO, and recommended.docxalinainglis
· Global O365 Tenant Settings relevant to SPO, and recommended settings
Multi Factor Authentication
Sign In Page customization
External Sharing
· Global SPO settings and recommended settings
Manage External Sharing
Site Creation Settings
· Information Architecture and Hub Site Management
Site Structure
Create and manage Hub Site
· Site Administration
Create Sites
Delete Sites
Restored Deleted Sites
Manage Site Admins
Manage Site creation
Manage Site Storage limits
Change Site Address
· Managed Metadata (Term Store)
Introduction
Setup new term group sets
Create and manage Terms
Assign roles and permission to Manage term sets
· Search
Search Content
Search Center
Crawl Site content
Remove Search results
Search Results
Manage Search Query
Manage Query Rules
Manage Query Suggestion
Manage result sources
Manage search dictionaries
· Security (identity – internal / external, and authorization – management of platform level)
Control Access of Unmanaged devices
Control Access of Network location
Authentication
Safeguarding Data
Sign out inactive users
· Governance – e.g. labels, retention, etc.
Data Classification
Create and Manage labels
· Data loss prevention
· Create and Manage security policies
· Devices Security policies
· App permission policies
· Data Governance
· Retention Policies
· Monitoring and alerting
Create and Manage Alerts
Alert Policies
· SharePoint Migration Tool
Overview
· Operational tasks for managing the health of the environment, alerting, etc.
File Activity report
Site usage report
Message Center
Service Health
· Common issue resolution and FAQ
.
· Focus on the identified client within your chosen case.· Analy.docxalinainglis
· Focus on the identified client within your chosen case.
· Analyze the case using a systems approach, taking into consideration both family and community systems.
· Complete and submit the “Dissecting a Theory and Its Application to a Case Study” worksheet based on your analysis
Helen Petrakis Identifying Data: Helen Petrakis is a 52-year-old, Caucasian female of Greek descent living in a four-bedroom house in Tarpon Springs, FL. Her family consists of her husband, John (60), son, Alec (27), daughter, Dmitra (23), and daughter Althima (18). John and Helen have been married for 30 years. They married in the Greek Orthodox Church and attend services weekly.
Presenting Problem: Helen reports feeling overwhelmed and “blue.” She was referred by a close friend who thought Helen would benefit from having a person who would listen. Although she is uncomfortable talking about her life with a stranger, Helen says that she decided to come for therapy because she worries about burdening friends with her troubles. John has been expressing his displeasure with meals at home, as Helen has been cooking less often and brings home takeout. Helen thinks she is inadequate as a wife. She states that she feels defeated; she describes an incident in which her son, Alec, expressed disappointment in her because she could not provide him with clean laundry. Helen reports feeling overwhelmed by her responsibilities and believes she can’t handle being a wife, mother, and caretaker any longer.
Family Dynamics: Helen describes her marriage as typical of a traditional Greek family. John, the breadwinner in the family, is successful in the souvenir shop in town. Helen voices a great deal of pride in her children. Dmitra is described as smart, beautiful, and hardworking. Althima is described as adorable and reliable. Helen shops, cooks, and cleans for the family, and John sees to yard care and maintaining the family’s cars. Helen believes the children are too busy to be expected to help around the house, knowing that is her role as wife and mother. John and Helen choose not to take money from their children for any room or board. The Petrakis family holds strong family bonds within a large and supportive Greek community.
Helen is the primary caretaker for Magda (John’s 81-year-old widowed mother), who lives in an apartment 30 minutes away. Until recently, Magda was self-sufficient, coming for weekly family dinners and driving herself shopping and to church. Six months ago, she fell and broke her hip and was also recently diagnosed with early signs of dementia. Helen and John hired a reliable and trusted woman temporarily to check in on Magda a couple of days each week. Helen would go and see Magda on the other days, sometimes twice in one day, depending on Magda’s needs. Helen would go food shopping for Magda, clean her home, pay her bills, and keep track of Magda’s medications. Since Helen thought she was unable to continue caretaking for both Magda and her husba.
· Find current events regarding any issues in public health .docxalinainglis
·
Find current events
regarding any issues in public health Anything about infectious diseases ( Don not pick one disease, you have you dig more infectious diseases)
· These current events can be articles, news reports, outbreaks, videos.
· Type down brief 2 sentences describing the event (don’t copy paste title)
· You should have
at least 7 diseases in
total
· No Malaria disease events, please
.
· Explore and assess different remote access solutions.Assig.docxalinainglis
· Explore and assess different remote access solutions.
Assignment Requirements
Discuss with your peers which of the two remote access solutions, virtual private networks (VPNs) or hypertext transport protocol secure (HTTPS), you will rate as the best. You need to make a choice between the two remote access solutions based on the following features:
· Identification, authentication, and authorization
· Cost, scalability, reliability, and interoperability
.
· FASB ASC & GARS Login credentials LinkUser ID AAA51628Pas.docxalinainglis
This document provides an overview and summary of the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) Codification of Governmental Accounting and Financial Reporting Standards.
The summary includes:
1) An explanation of the authoritative sources incorporated into the Codification including GASB statements, interpretations, and other pronouncements as well as NCGA and AICPA standards.
2) Details on the organization and structure of the Codification including its five parts addressing general principles, financial reporting, measurement, specific items, and specialized activities.
3) Guidance on using the Codification and on the authoritative status and hierarchy of GAAP for state and local governments.
4) Background information on the
· Due Sat. Sep. · Format Typed, double-spaced, sub.docxalinainglis
·
Due:
Sat. Sep.
·
Format
: Typed, double-spaced, submitted as a word-processing document.
12 point, text-weight font, 1-inch margins.
·
·
Length
: 850 - 1000 words (approx. 3-4 pages)
·
·
Overview
: In Unit 1 and Unit 2, we focused on ways that writers build ideas from personal memories and experiences into interesting narratives that convey significance and meaning to new audiences. In Unit 3, we have been discussing how writers invent ideas by interacting with other communities through firsthand observation and description. These relationships and discoveries can give writers insight into larger concepts or ideas that are valuable to specific communities. For this writing project, you will use firsthand observations and discoveries to write about people and the issues that are important to them. Your evidence will come from the details you observe as you investigate other people, places, and events.
Assignment
Write an ethnography essay focused on a particular group of people and the routines or practices that best reveal their unique significance as a group.
An ethnography is a written description of a particular cultural group or community. For the ethnography essay, you can follow the guidelines in the CEL, p. 110-112. Your ethnography should:
· Begin with your observations of a particular group. Plan to observe this group 2-3 times, so that you can get a better sense of their routines, habits, and practices.
o
Note: if you cannot travel to observe a group or community, plan to observe that community digitally through website documents, social media, and/or emails exchanged with group members.
· Convey insight into the characteristics that give the group unique significance.
· Provide context and background, including location, values, beliefs, histories, rituals, dialogue, and any other details that help convey the group's significance.
· Follow a deliberate organizational pattern that focuses on one or more insights about the group while also providing details and information about the group's culture and routine
As you look back over your observations and notes, remember that your essay should do more than simply relate details without any larger significance. Ethnographies also draw out the unique, interesting, and special qualities of a group or culture that help readers connect to their values or motivations. Note: Please keep in mind that writing in this class is public, and anything you write about may be shared with other students and instructors. Please only write about details that you are comfortable making public within our classroom community.
Assignment Components
In order to finish this project, we will work on the following parts together over the next few weeks:
Draft
: Include at least one pre-revised draft of your essay. The draft needs to meet the word count of 850 words and must also apply formatting requirements for the project—in other words it must be complete. Make sure that your.
· Expectations for Power Point Presentations in Units IV and V I.docxalinainglis
This document provides guidance for PowerPoint presentations in two units. It outlines 7 requirements for the presentations: 1) include a title slide, 2) include an overview slide after the title, 3) include a summary slide before the references, 4) cite sources on slides with information from readings, 5) do not use direct quotes, 6) include graphics, and 7) format references in APA style with matching in-text citations and reference list entries. It also notes that students can ask the instructor questions and should contact the instructor if they disagree with feedback.
· Due Friday by 1159pmResearch Paper--IssueTopic Ce.docxalinainglis
·
Due
Friday by 11:59pm
Research Paper--
Issue/Topic:
Celebrity, Celebrity Culture and the effects on society
1500 or more words
MLA format
Must include research from
at least 4
scholarly sources (use HCC Library and GoogleScholar) I have attached 20 pdf with scholarly sources to choose from. 2 were provided from teacher Celebrity Culture Beneficial and The Culture of Celebrity. I have also attached a Word Document Research Paper Guide. Please read all the way to bottom more instructions at the bottom. Disregards Links and external cites those are the PDFs.
Celebrity
is a
popular cultural Links to an external site.
phenomenon surrounding a well-known person. Though many
celebritiesLinks to an external site.
became famous as a result of their achievements or experiences, a person who obtains celebrity status does not necessarily need to have accomplished anything significant beyond being widely recognized by the public. Some celebrities use their
fameLinks to an external site.
to reach the upper levels of social status. Popular celebrities can wield significant influence over their fans and followers. Cultural historian and film critic Neal Gabler has described the phenomenon of celebrity as a process similar to performance art in which the celebrity builds intrigue and allure by presenting a manufactured image to the public. This image is reinforced through
advertisingLinks to an external site.
endorsements, appearances at high-profile events, tabloid gossip, and
social mediaLinks to an external site.
presence.
In previous decades, celebrity status was mainly reserved for film stars,
televisionLinks to an external site.
personalities,
entertainersLinks to an external site.
, politicians, and
athletesLinks to an external site.
. Contemporary celebrities come from diverse fields ranging from astrophysics to auto mechanics, or they may simply be famous for their lifestyle or
InternetLinks to an external site.
antics. Social media platforms such as YouTube, Twitter, and Instagram provide the means for previously unknown individuals to cultivate a significant following.
Celebrification
is the process by which someone or something previously considered ordinary obtains stardom. Previously commonplace activities, such as practicing
vegetarianismLinks to an external site.
or wearing white t-shirts, can undergo celebrification when associated with a famous person or major event.
Celebrity culture
exists when stardom becomes a pervasive part of the social order,
commodified
as a commercial brand. Celebrities’ personal lives are recast as products for consumption, with a dedicated fan base demanding information and unlimited access to the celebrity’s thoughts and activities. A niche community such as a fan base can be monetized through effective marketing that links brand loyalty to the consumer’s identity. Fans may be more likely to purchase a product or attend an event if they feel that doing so strengthens their.
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إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptxCapitolTechU
Slides from a Capitol Technology University webinar held June 20, 2024. The webinar featured Dr. Donovan Wright, presenting on the Department of Defense Digital Transformation.
A Free 200-Page eBook ~ Brain and Mind Exercise.pptxOH TEIK BIN
(A Free eBook comprising 3 Sets of Presentation of a selection of Puzzles, Brain Teasers and Thinking Problems to exercise both the mind and the Right and Left Brain. To help keep the mind and brain fit and healthy. Good for both the young and old alike.
Answers are given for all the puzzles and problems.)
With Metta,
Bro. Oh Teik Bin 🙏🤓🤔🥰
A Free 200-Page eBook ~ Brain and Mind Exercise.pptx
422017 The Real Threat to National Security Deadly Disease .docx
1. 4/2/2017
The Real Threat to National Security: Deadly Disease - The Ne
w York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/24/opinion/the-real-threat-to-
national-security-deadly-disease.html?smprod=nytcore-ipad&sm
id=nytcore-ipad-share&_r=0 1/4
https://nyti.ms/2nO1RMj
The Opinion Pages | OP-ED CONTRIBUTORS
The Real Threat to National Security:
Deadly Disease
By MICHAEL T. OSTERHOLM and MARK OLSHAKER
MARCH 24, 2017
While the Trump administration is proposing significantly incre
ased military
spending to enhance our national security, it seems to have lost
sight of the greatest
national security threat of all: our fight against infectious diseas
e.
We already spend far more on our military than any other countr
y in the world.
To help pay for the increases, President Trump wants to cut bac
k many federal
programs, including those that prepare us to wage war against m
icrobes, the greatest
and most lethal enemy we are ever likely to face. This is where
“defense spending”
2. needs to increase, significantly.
President Trump’s budget would cut funding for the National In
stitutes of
Health by 18 percent. It would cut the State Department and the
United States
Agency for International Development, a key vehicle for preven
ting and responding
to outbreaks before they reach our shores, by 28 percent. And th
e repeal of the
Affordable Care Act would kill the billion-dollar Prevention an
d Public Health Fund,
which provides funding for the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention to fight
outbreaks of infectious disease. (While the budget also calls for
the creation of an
emergency fund to respond to outbreaks, there is no indication t
hat it would offset
the other cuts, or where the money would come from.)
Those cuts will not protect American citizens. They will diminis
h research and
vaccine development and our ability to respond to the growing t
hreats of antibiotic
resistance and new infectious diseases.
http://www.nytimes.com/
https://nyti.ms/2nO1RMj
https://www.nytimes.com/pages/opinion/index.html
http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizatio
ns/n/national_institutes_of_health/index.html?inline=nyt-org
http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizatio
ns/c/centers_for_disease_control_and_prevention/index.html?inl
ine=nyt-org
3. 4/2/2017
The Real Threat to National Security: Deadly Disease - The Ne
w York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/24/opinion/the-real-threat-to-
national-security-deadly-disease.html?smprod=nytcore-ipad&sm
id=nytcore-ipad-share&_r=0 2/4
Those agencies are already falling short, as we saw last year, w
hen they couldn’t
effectively respond to the Zika threat. What will they do when
we face a real
pandemic? With 7.4 billion people, 20 billion chickens and 400
million pigs now
sharing the earth, we have created the ideal scenario for creatin
g and spreading
dangerous microbes. Trade and travel have connected most poin
ts on the globe in a
matter of hours. More and more people are living in the microbe
-rich megacity
slums of the developing world.
By some estimates, the 1918-19 “Spanish” influenza killed more
people than all
the wars of the 20th century combined. Today, an influenza pan
demic could be more
devastating than an atom bomb. We are already witnessing an o
utbreak of influenza
in birds — the H7N9 strain, in China —
that could be the source for the next human
pandemic. Since October, over 500 people have been infected;
more than 34 percent
have died. Most victims had contact with infected poultry, yet t
hree recent clusters
appear to be from person-to-person transmission. Will H7N9 mu
tate to become
4. easily transmitted between humans? We don’t know. But withou
t sufficient supplies
of a vaccine, we are not prepared to stop it.
The spread of antibiotic-resistant microbes also continues at an
ever faster rate.
Last year a comprehensive review predicted that, if left uncheck
ed, drug-resistant
infections will kill more people worldwide by 2050 than cancer
and diabetes
combined. Without a global effort led by the United States to ha
lt the spread of this
resistance and support for development of new antibiotics, we a
re in danger of
returning to a pre-antibiotic world in which a cut could prove de
adly and surgery
would not be worth the risk of infection.
Yellow fever, a mosquito-borne disease that can kill up to 50 pe
rcent of those
who get seriously sick, is on the cusp of a major outbreak in so
me of Brazil’s largest
cities, while MERS — Middle East Respiratory Syndrome —
continues to infect
people on the Arabian Peninsula. If an effective vaccine is not d
eveloped, it will
continue to be transmitted around the world and cause fatal outb
reaks like the one
that closed Samsung Medical Center in Seoul to new patients fo
r weeks. A similar
outbreak could occur at the Mayo Clinic or Johns Hopkins Hosp
ital.
http://www.nytimes.com/news-event/zika-virus?inline=nyt-
classifier
https://amr-
5. review.org/sites/default/files/160525_Final%20paper_with%20c
over.pdf
4/2/2017
The Real Threat to National Security: Deadly Disease - The Ne
w York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/24/opinion/the-real-threat-to-
national-security-deadly-disease.html?smprod=nytcore-ipad&sm
id=nytcore-ipad-share&_r=0 3/4
And three years after the 2014 Ebola crisis, we still have no lice
nsed vaccine or a
plan for how to deploy one to prevent future outbreaks.
Finally, there is the danger of diseases deliberately spread by te
rrorists. Bill
Gates, who has put much of his sizable financial resources as w
ell as his brainpower
into public health, wrote in the New England Journal of Medicin
e in 2015: “Of all the
things that could kill more than 10 million people around the wo
rld, the most likely
is an epidemic stemming from either natural causes or bioterrori
sm.” More recently,
at this year’s Munich Security Conference, on the possibility of
terrorist-engineered
viruses he noted: “They are probably the only thing that can kill
a billion.” For
example, the science exists to reconstruct the smallpox genome
from readily
available lab materials, with the added possibility of altering th
e virus just enough
that our existing vaccine would be ineffective.
6. The military has figured out how to convince congressional fun
ders that the
only way to maintain defense is to appropriate money before a c
risis. You don’t start
building the weapons and training all the soldiers after the first
shot has been fired.
The only way we can win the inevitable microbe wars is to do th
e same — to have
new vaccines and antibiotics and trained personnel ready before
the crisis hits. We
cannot rely on pharmaceutical companies to create drugs and va
ccines for markets
that do not yet exist. Only the government can do this. The addi
tional expenditures
would be truly economical in terms of lives saved.
We are talking about national security on the most existential le
vel.
Michael T. Osterholm is an epidemiologist and director of the C
enter for Infectious
Disease Research and Policy at the University of Minnesota. Ma
rk Olshaker is a
documentary filmmaker. They are the authors of “Deadliest Ene
my: Our War Against
Killer Germs.”
Follow The New York Times Opinion section on Facebook and
Twitter
(@NYTOpinion), and sign up for the Opinion Today newsletter.
A version of this op-ed appears in print on March 25, 2017, on
Page A21 of the New York edition with the
headline: The Microbe Wars.
10. Others in the World, and Thence, After the Example of Job and
Tobias, There is Need of Patience Without
Murmuring. For Unless the Struggle Preceded, the Victory
Could Not Ensue; And How Much Soever Diseases
are Common to the Virtuous and Vicious, Yet that Death is Not
Common to Them, for that the Righteous are
Taken to Consolation, While the Unrighteous are Taken to
Punishment.
1. Although in very many of you, dearly beloved brethren, there
is a steadfast mind and a firm faith, and a
devoted spirit that is not disturbed at the frequency of this
present mortality, but, like a strong and stable rock,
rather shatters the turbulent onsets of the world and the raging
waves of time, while it is not itself shattered, and
is not overcome but tried by these temptations; yet because I
observe that among the people some, either
through weakness of mind, or through decay of faith, or through
the sweetness of this worldly life, or through
the softness of their sex, or what is of still greater account,
through error from the truth, are standing less
steadily, and are not exerting the divine and unvanquished
vigour of their heart, the matter may not be disguised
nor kept in silence, but as far as my feeble powers suffice with
my full strength, and with a discourse gathered
11. from the Lord's lessons, the slothfulness of a luxurious
disposition must be restrained, and he who has begun to
be already a man of God and of Christ, must be found worthy of
God and of Christ.
2. For he who wars for God, dearest brethren, ought to
acknowledge himself as one who, placed in
the heavenly camp, already hopes for divine things, so that we
may have no trembling at the storms and
whirlwinds of the world, and no disturbance, since the Lord had
foretold that these would come. With the
exhortation of His fore-seeing word, instructing, and teaching,
and preparing, and strengthening the people of
His Church for all endurance of things to come, He predicted
and said that wars, and famines, and earthquakes,
and pestilences would arise in each place; and lest an
unexpected and new dread of mischiefs should shake us,
He previously warned us that adversity would increase more and
more in the last times. Behold, the very things
occur which were spoken; and since those occur which were
foretold before, whatever things were
promised will also follow; as the Lord Himself promises,
saying, But when you see all these things come to
pass, know that the kingdom of God is at hand. Luke 21:31 The
kingdom of God, beloved brethren, is
12. beginning to be at hand; the reward of life, and the rejoicing of
eternal salvation, and the perpetual
gladness and possession lately lost of paradise, are now coming,
with the passing away of the world;
already heavenly things are taking the place of earthly, and
great things of small, and eternal things of things
that fade away. What room is there here for anxiety and
solicitude? Who, in the midst of these things, is
trembling and sad, except he who is without hope and faith? For
it is for him to fear death who is not willing to
go to Christ. It is for him to be unwilling to go to Christ who
does not believe that he is about to
reign with Christ.
3. For it is written that the just lives by faith. If you are just,
and live by faith, if you truly believe in Christ,
why, since you are about to be with Christ, and are secure of the
Lord's promise, do you not embrace the
assurance that you are called to Christ, and rejoice that you are
freed from the devil? Certainly Simeon,
that just man, who was truly just, who kept God's commands
with a full faith, when it had been pledged him
from heaven that he should not die before he had seen the
Christ, and Christ had come an infant into
the temple with His mother, acknowledged in spirit that Christ
13. was now born, concerning whom it had before
been foretold to him; and when he had seen Him, he knew that
he should soon die. Therefore, rejoicing
concerning his now approaching death, and secure of his
immediate summons, he received the child into his
arms, and blessing the Lord, he exclaimed, and said, Now let
Your servant depart in peace, according to Your
word; for my eyes have seen Your salvation; Luke 2:29
assuredly proving and bearing witness that the servants
of God then had peace, then free, then tranquil repose, when,
withdrawn from these whirlwinds of the world, we
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03712a.htm
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05752c.htm
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14504a.htm
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10321a.htm
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05752c.htm
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05525a.htm
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15073a.htm
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06608a.htm
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08374c.htm
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06608a.htm
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08374c.htm
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15546c.htm
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06608a.htm
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15546c.htm
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08673a.htm
http://www.newadvent.org/bible/luk021.htm#verse31
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08646a.htm
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05551b.htm
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13407a.htm
15. vices, with enticements of the world. The mind of
man besieged, and in every quarter invested with onsets of the
devil, scarcely in each point meets the attack,
scarcely resists it. If avarice is prostrated, lust springs up. If
lust is overcome, ambition takes its place. If
ambition is despised, anger exasperates, pride puffs up, wine-
bibbing entices, envy breaks concord,
jealousy cuts friendship; you are constrained to curse, which
divine law forbids; you are compelled to swear,
which is not lawful.
5. So many persecutions the soul suffers daily, with so many
risks is the heart wearied, and yet it delights to
abide here long among the devil's weapons, although it should
rather be our craving and wish to hasten
to Christ by the aid of a quicker death; as He Himself instructs
us, and says, Verily, verily, I say unto you, That
you shall weep and lament, but the world shall rejoice; and you
shall be sorrowful, but your sorrow shall be
turned into joy. John 16:20 Who would not desire to be without
sadness? Who would not hasten to attain to joy?
But when our sadness shall be turned into joy, the Lord Himself
again declares, when He says, I will see you
again, and your heart shall rejoice; and your joy no man shall
take from you. John 16:22 Since, therefore, to
16. see Christ is to rejoice, and we cannot have joy unless when we
shall see Christ, what blindness of mind or what
folly is it to love the world's afflictions, and punishments, and
tears, and not rather to hasten to the joy which
can never be taken away!
6. But, beloved brethren, this is so, because faith is lacking,
because no one believes that the things
which God promises are true, although He is true, whose word
to believers is eternal and unchangeable. If a
grave and praiseworthy man should promise you anything, you
would assuredly have faith in the promiser, and
would not think that you should be cheated and deceived by him
whom you knew to be steadfast in his words
and his deeds. Now God is speaking with you; and do you
faithlessly waver in your unbelieving mind?
God promises to you, on your departure from this world,
immortality and eternity; and do you doubt? This is
not to know God at all; this is to offend Christ, the Teacher of
believers, with the sin of incredulity; this is for
one established in the Church not to have faith in the house of
faith.
7. How great is the advantage of going out of the world, Christ
Himself, the Teacher of our salvation and of
17. our good works, shows to us, who, when His disciples were
saddened that He said that He was soon to depart,
spoke to them, and said, If you loved me, you would surely
rejoice because I go to the Father; John
16:28 teaching thereby, and manifesting that when the dear ones
whom we love depart from the world, we
should rather rejoice than grieve. Remembering which truth, the
blessed Apostle Paul in his epistle lays it down,
saying, To me to live is Christ, and to die is gain; Philippians
1:21 counting it the greatest gain no longer to be
held by the snares of this world, no longer to be liable to the
sins and vices of the flesh, but taken away
from smarting troubles, and freed from the envenomed fangs of
the devil, to go at the call of Christ to
the joy of eternal salvation.
8. But nevertheless it disturbs some that the power of this
Disease attacks our people equally with the heathens,
as if the Christian believed for this purpose, that he might have
the enjoyment of the world and this life free
from the contact of ills; and not as one who undergoes all
adverse things here and is reserved for future joy. It
disturbs some that this mortality is common to us with others;
and yet what is there in this world which is not
common to us with others, so long as this flesh of ours still
18. remains, according to the law of our first birth,
common to us with them? So long as we are here in the world,
we are associated with the human race in fleshly
equality, but are separated in spirit. Therefore until this
corruptible shall put on incorruption, and this mortal
receive immortality, and the Spirit lead us to God the Father,
whatsoever are the disadvantages of the flesh are
common to us with the human race. Thus, when the earth is
barren with an unproductive harvest, famine makes
no distinction; thus, when with the invasion of an enemy any
city is taken, captivity at once desolates all; and
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21. the devil. Holy Scripture teaches and forewarns, saying, My
son, when you come to the service of God, stand in
righteousness and fear, and prepare your soul for temptation.
And again: In pain endure, and in your humility
have patience; for gold and silver is tried in the fire, but
acceptable men in the furnace of humiliation. Sirach 2:5
10. Thus Job, after the loss of his wealth, after the death of his
children, grievously afflicted, moreover, with
sores and worms, was not overcome, but proved; since in his
very struggles and anguish, showing forth the
patience of a religious mind, he says, Naked came I out of my
mother's womb, naked also I shall go under the
earth: the Lord gave, the Lord has taken away; as it seemed fit
to the Lord, so it has been done. Blessed be the
name of the Lord. And when his wife also urged him, in his
impatience at the acuteness of his pain, to speak
something against God with a complaining and envious voice,
he answered and said, You speak as one of the
foolish women. If we have received good from the hand of the
Lord, why shall we not suffer evil? In all these
things which befell him, Job sinned not with his lips in the sight
of the Lord. Job 1:8 Therefore the Lord gives
him a testimony, saying, Have you considered my servant Job?
For there is none like him in all the earth, a man
22. without complaint, a true worshipper of God. Job 2:10 And
Tobias, after his excellent works, after the many
and glorious illustrations of his merciful spirit, having suffered
the loss of his sight, fearing and blessing God in
his adversity, by his very bodily affliction increased in praise;
and even him also his wife tried to pervert,
saying, Where are your righteousnesses? Behold what you
suffer. Tobit 2:14 But he, steadfast and firm in
respect of the fear of God, and armed by the faith of his religion
to all endurance of suffering, yielded not to
the temptation of his weak wife in his trouble, but rather
deserved better from God by his greater patience; and
afterwards Raphael the angel praises him, saying, It is
honourable to show forth and to confess the works
of God. For when you prayed, and Sara your daughter-in-law, I
did offer the remembrance of your prayer in the
presence of the glory of God. And when you buried the dead in
singleness of heart, and because you did not
delay to rise up and leave your dinner, and went and buried the
dead, I was sent to make proof of you.
And God again has sent me to heal you and Sara your daughter-
in-law. For I am Raphael, one of the
seven holy angels, who are present, and go in and out before the
glory of God. Tobit 12:11-15
23. 11. Righteous men have ever possessed this endurance. The
apostles maintained this discipline from the law of
the Lord, not to murmur in adversity, but to accept bravely and
patiently whatever things happen in the world;
since the people of the Jews in this matter always offended, that
they constantly murmured against God, as
the Lord God bears witness in the book of Numbers, saying, Let
their murmuring cease from me, and they shall
not die. Numbers 17:10 We must not murmur in adversity,
beloved brethren, but we must bear with patience
and courage whatever happens, since it is written, The sacrifice
to God is a broken spirit; a contrite
and humbled heart God does not despise; since also in
Deuteronomy the Holy Spirit warns by Moses. and
says, The Lord your God will vex you, and will bring hunger
upon you; and it shall be known in your heart if
you have well kept His commandments or no. Deuteronomy 8:2
And again: The Lord your God proves you,
that He may know whether you love the Lord your God with all
your heart, and with all
your soul. Deuteronomy 13:3
12. Thus Abraham pleased God, who, that he might please God,
did not shrink even from losing his son, or
from doing an act of parricide. You, who cannot endure to lose
24. your son by the law and lot of mortality, what
would you do if you were bidden to slay your son? The fear and
faith of God ought to make you prepared for
everything, although it should be the loss of private estate,
although the constant and cruel harassment of your
limbs by agonizing disorders, although the deadly and mournful
wrench from wife, from children, from
departing dear ones; Let not these things be offenses to you, but
battles: nor let them weaken nor break
the Christian's faith, but rather show forth his strength in the
struggle, since all the injury inflicted by present
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27. afflicted he might more truly be proved. There was given to me,
he says, a thorn in the flesh, the messenger
of Satan to buffet me, that I should not be lifted up: for which
thing I besought the Lord thrice, that it might
depart from me; and He said unto me, My grace is sufficient for
you, for strength is made perfect in weakness. 2
Corinthians 12:7-9 When, therefore, weakness and inefficiency
and any destruction seize us, then our strength is
made perfect; then our faith, if when tried it shall stand fast, is
crowned; as it is written, The furnace tries the
vessels of the potter, and the trial of tribulation just men. Sirach
27:5 This, in short, is the difference between us
and others who know not God, that in misfortune they complain
and murmur, while adversity does not call us
away from the truth of virtue and faith, but strengthens us by its
suffering.
14. This trial, that now the bowels, relaxed into a constant flux,
discharge the bodily strength; that a fire
originated in the marrow ferments into wounds of the fauces;
that the intestines are shaken with a continual
vomiting; that the eyes are on fire with the injected blood; that
in some cases the feet or some parts of the limbs
are taken off by the contagion of diseased putrefaction; that
from the weakness arising by the maiming and loss
28. of the body, either the gait is enfeebled, or the hearing is
obstructed, or the sight darkened—is profitable as
a proof of faith. What a grandeur of spirit it is to struggle with
all the powers of an unshaken mind against so
many onsets of devastation and death! What sublimity, to stand
erect amid the desolation of the human race,
and not to lie prostrate with those who have no hope in God; but
rather to rejoice, and to embrace the benefit of
the occasion; that in thus bravely showing forth our faith, and
by suffering endured, going forward to Christ by
the narrow way that Christ trod, we may receive the reward of
His life and faith according to His
own judgment! Assuredly he may fear to die, who, not being
regenerated of water and the Spirit, is delivered
over to the fires of Gehenna; he may fear to die who is not
enrolled in the cross and passion of Christ; he
may fear to die, who from this death shall pass over to a second
death; he may fear to die, whom on his
departure from this world eternal flame shall torment with
never-ending punishments; he may fear to die who
has this advantage in a lengthened delay, that in the meanwhile
groanings and anguish are being postponed.
15. Many of our people die in this mortality, that is, many of
our people are liberated from this world. This
29. mortality, as it is a plague to Jews and Gentiles, and enemies of
Christ, so it is a departure
to salvation to God's servants. The fact that, without any
difference made between one ant another, the righteous
die as well as the unrighteous, is no reason for you to suppose
that it is a common death for
the good and evil alike. The righteous are called to their place
of refreshing, the unrighteous are snatched away
to punishment; safety is the more speedily given to the faithful,
penalty to the unbelieving. We are thoughtless
and ungrateful, beloved brethren, for the divine benefits, and do
not acknowledge what is conferred upon us.
Lo, virgins depart in peace, safe with their glory, not fearing the
threats of the coming Antichrist, and his
corruptions and his brothels. Boys escape the peril of their
unstable age, and in happiness attain the reward
of continence and innocence. Now the delicate matron does not
fear the tortures; for she has escaped by a rapid
death the fear of persecution, and the hands and the torments of
the executioner. By the dread of the mortality
and of the time the lukewarm are inflamed, the slack are nerved
up, the slothful are stimulated, the deserters are
compelled to return, the heathens are constrained to believe, the
ancient congregation of the faithful is called to
30. rest, the new and abundant army is gathered to the battle with a
braver vigour, to fight without fear of death
when the battle shall come, because it comes to the warfare in
the time of the mortality.
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32. whether the wicked soften their boldness; whether, when their
dear ones perish, the rich, even then bestow
anything, and give, when they are to die without heirs. Even
although this mortality conferred nothing else, it
has done this benefit to Christians and to God's servants that we
begin gladly to desire martyrdom as we learn
not to fear death. These are trainings for us, not deaths: they
give the mind the glory of fortitude; by contempt of
death they prepare for the crown.
17. But perchance someone may object, and say, It is this, then,
that saddens me in the present mortality, that I,
who had been prepared for confession, and had devoted myself
to the endurance of suffering with my whole
heart and with abundant courage, am deprived of martyrdom, in
that I am anticipated by death. In the first
place, martyrdom is not in your power, but in the condescension
of God; neither can you say that you have lost
what you do not know whether you would deserve to receive.
Then, besides, God the searcher of the reins and
heart, and the investigator and knower of secret things, sees
you, and praises and approves you; and He who
sees that your virtue was ready in you, will give you a reward
for your virtue. Had Cain, when
33. he offered his gift to God, already slain his brother? And yet
God, foreseeing the fratricide conceived in
his mind, anticipated its condemnation. As in that case the evil
thought and mischievous intention were
foreseen by a foreseeing God, so also in God's servants, among
whom confession is purposed and martyrdom
conceived in the mind, the intention dedicated to good is
crowned by God the judge. It is one thing for
the spirit to be wanting for martyrdom, and another for
martyrdom to have been wanting for the spirit. Such as
the Lord finds you when He calls you, such also He judges you;
since He Himself bears witness, and says, And
all the churches shall know that I am the searcher of the reins
and heart. Revelation 2:23 For God does not ask
for our blood, but for our faith. For neither Abraham, nor Isaac,
nor Jacob were slain; and yet, being
honoured by the deserts of faith and righteousness, they
deserved to be first among the patriarchs, to
whose feast is collected every one that is found faithful, and
righteous, and praiseworthy.
18. We ought to remember that we should do not our own will,
but God's, in accordance with what our Lord has
bidden us daily to pray. How preposterous and absurd it is, that
while we ask that the will of God should be
34. done, yet when God calls and summons us from this world, we
should not at once obey the command of
His will! We struggle and resist, and after the manner of
forward servants we are dragged to the presence of
the Lord with sadness and grief, departing hence under the
bondage of necessity, not with the obedience of free
will; and we wish to be honoured with heavenly rewards by Him
to whom we come unwillingly. Why, then, do
we pray and ask that the kingdom of heaven may come, if the
captivity of earth delights us? Why with
frequently repeated prayers do we entreat and beg that the day
of His kingdom may hasten, if our greater desires
and stronger wishes are to obey the devil here, rather than to
reign with Christ?
19. Besides, that the indications of the divine providence may
be more evidently manifest, proving that
the Lord, prescient of the future, takes counsel for the true
salvation of His people, when one of our colleagues
and fellow priests, wearied out with infirmity, and anxious
about the present approach of death, prayed for a
respite to himself; there stood by him as he prayed, and when he
was now at the point of death, a youth,
venerable in honour and majesty, lofty in stature and shining in
aspect, and on whom, as he stood by him,
35. the human glance could scarcely look with fleshly eyes, except
that he who was about to depart from the world
could already behold such a one. And he, not without a certain
indignation of mind and voice, rebuked him, and
said, You fear to suffer, you do not wish to depart; what shall t
do to you? It was the word of one rebuking and
warning, one who, when men are anxious about persecution, and
indifferent concerning their summons,
consents not to their present desire, but consults for the future.
Our dying brother and colleague heard what he
was to say to others. For he who heard when he was dying,
heard for the very purpose that he might tell it; he
heard not for himself, but for us. For what could he, who was
already on the eve of departure, learn for himself?
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Yea, doubtless, he learned it for us who remain, in order that,
when we find the priest who sought for delay
rebuked, we might acknowledge what is beneficial for all.
20. To myself also, the very least and last, how often has it been
revealed, how frequently and manifestly has it
been commanded by the condescension of God, that I should
diligently bear witness and publicly declare that
our brethren who are freed from this world by the Lord's
summons are not to be lamented, since we know that
they are not lost, but sent before; that, departing from us, they
precede us as travellers, as navigators are
accustomed to do; that they should be desired, but not bewailed;
that the black garments should not be taken
upon us here, when they have already taken upon them white
raiment there; that occasion should not be given to
the Gentiles for them deservedly and rightly to reprehend us,
that we mourn for those, who, we say, are alive
with God, as if they were extinct and lost; and that we do not
approve wills the testimony of the heart and breast
38. the faith which we express with speech and word. We are
prevaricators of our hope and faith: what we say
appears to be simulated, feigned, counterfeit. There is no
advantage in setting forth virtue by our words, and
destroying the truth by our deeds.
21. Finally, the Apostle Paul reproaches, and rebukes, and
blames any who are in sorrow at the departure of
their friends. I would not, says he, have you ignorant, brethren,
concerning them which are asleep, that you
sorrow not, even as others which have no hope. For if we
believe that Jesus died and rose again, even so them
which are asleep in Jesus Will God bring with Him. He says that
those have sorrow in the departure of their
friends who have no hope. But we who live in hope, and believe
in God, and trust that Christ suffered for us and
rose again, abiding in Christ, and through Him and in Him
rising again, why either are we ourselves unwilling
to depart hence from this life, or do we bewail and grieve for
our friends when they depart as if they were lost,
when Christ Himself, our Lord and God, encourages us and
says, I am the resurrection and the life: he
that believes in me, though he die, yet shall live; and whosoever
lives and believes in me shall not
39. die eternally? John 11:25 If we believe in Christ, let us have
faith in His words and promises; since we shall not
die eternally, let us come with glad security to Christ, with
whom we are both to conquer and to reign forever.
22. That in the meantime we die, we are passing over to
immortality by death; nor can eternal life follow, unless
it should befall us to depart from this life. That is not an
ending, but a transit, and, this journey of time being
traversed, a passage to eternity. Who would not hasten to better
things? Who would not crave to be changed
and renewed into the likeness of Christ, and to arrive more
quickly to the dignity of heavenly glory,
since Paul the apostle announces and says, For our conversation
is in heaven, from whence also we look for
the Lord Jesus Christ; who shall change the body of our
humiliation, and conform it to the body of
His glory? Philippians 3:21Christ the Lord also promises that
we shall be such, when, that we may be with
Him, and that we may live with Him in eternal mansions, and
may rejoice in heavenly kingdoms, He prays the
Father for us, saying, Father, I will that they also whom You
have given me be with me where I am, and may
see the glory which You have given me before the world was
made. John 17:24 He who is to attain to the throne
40. of Christ, to the glory of the heavenly kingdoms, ought not to
mourn nor lament, but rather, in accordance with
the Lord's promise, in accordance with his faith in the truth, to
rejoice in this his departure and translation.
23. Thus, moreover, we find that Enoch also was translated,
who pleased God, as in Genesis the Holy
Scripture bears witness, and says, And Enoch pleased God; and
afterwards he was not found, because
God translated him. Genesis 5:24 To have been pleasing in the
sight of God was thus to have merited to be
translated from this contagion of the world. And moreover, also,
the Holy Spirit teaches by Solomon, that they
who please God are more early taken hence, and are more
quickly set free, lest while they are delaying longer in
this world they should be polluted with the contagions of the
world. He was taken away, says
he, lest wickedness should change his understanding. For his
soul was pleasing to God; wherefore hasted He to
take him away from the midst of wickedness. Wisdom 4:11 So
also in the Psalms, the soul that is devoted to
its God in spiritual faith hastens to the Lord, saying, How
amiable are your dwellings, O God of hosts!
My soul longs, and hastes unto the courts of God.
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43. you love that which hates you? And why do you not rather
follow Christ, who both redeemed you
and loves you? John in his epistle cries and says, exhorting that
we should not follow carnal desires and love the
world. Love not the world, says he, neither the things which are
in the world. If any man love the world,
the love of the Father is not in him. For all that is in the world
is the lust of the flesh, and the lust of the eyes,
and the pride of life, which is not of the Father, but of the lust
of the world. And the world shall pass away, and
the lust thereof; but he who does the will of God abides for
ever, even as God abides for ever. 1 John
2:15 Rather, beloved brethren, with a sound mind, with a firm
faith, with a robust virtue, let us be prepared for
the whole will of God: laying aside the fear of death, let us
think on the immortality which follows. By this let
us show ourselves to be what we believe, that we do not grieve
over the departure of those dear to us, and that
when the day of our summons shall arrive, we come without
delay and without resistance to the Lord when He
Himself calls us.
25. And this, as it ought always to be done by God's servants,
much more ought to be done now— now that the
world is collapsing and is oppressed with the tempests of
44. mischievous ills; in order that we who see that terrible
things have begun, and know that still more terrible things are
imminent, may regard it as the greatest advantage
to depart from it as quickly as possible. If in your dwelling the
walls were shaking with age, the roofs above you
were trembling, and the house, now worn out and wearied, were
threatening an immediate destruction to its
structure crumbling with age, would you not with all speed
depart? If, when you were on a voyage,
an angry and raging tempest, by the waves violently aroused,
foretold the coming shipwreck, would you not
quickly seek the harbour? Lo, the world is changing and passing
away, and witnesses to its ruin not now by its
age, but by the end of things. And do you not give God thanks,
do you not congratulate yourself, that by an
earlier departure you are taken away, and delivered from the
shipwrecks and disasters that are imminent?
26. We should consider, dearly beloved brethren— we should
now and always reflect that we have renounced
the world, and are in the meantime living here as guests and
strangers. Let us greet the day which assigns each
of us to his own home, which snatches us hence, and sets us free
from the snares of the world, and restores us
to paradise and the kingdom. Who that has been placed in
45. foreign lands would not hasten to return to his own
country? Who that is hastening to return to his friends would
not eagerly desire a prosperous gale, that he might
the sooner embrace those dear to him? We regard paradise as
our country— we already begin to consider
the patriarchs as our parents: why do we not hasten and run, that
we may behold our country, that we may greet
our parents? There a great number of our dear ones is awaiting
us, and a dense crowd of parents, brothers,
children, is longing for us, already assured of their own safety,
and still solicitous for our salvation. To attain to
their presence and their embrace, what a gladness both for them
and for us in common! What a pleasure is there
in the heavenly kingdom, without fear of death; and how lofty
and perpetual a happiness with eternity of living!
There the glorious company of the apostles — there the host of
the rejoicing prophets— there the innumerable
multitude of martyrs, crowned for the victory of their struggle
and passion— there the triumphant virgins, who
subdued the lust of the flesh and of the body by the strength of
their continency— there are
merciful men rewarded, who by feeding and helping the poor
have done the works of righteousness— who,
keeping the Lord'sprecepts, have transferred their earthly
46. patrimonies to the heavenly treasuries. To these,
beloved brethren, let us hasten with an eager desire; let us crave
quickly to be with them, and quickly to come
to Christ. May God behold this our eager desire; may the Lord
Christ look upon this purpose of
our mind and faith, He who will give the larger rewards of His
glory to those whose desires in respect of
Himself were greater!
About this page
Source. Translated by Robert Ernest Wallis. From Ante-Nicene
Fathers, Vol. 5. Edited by Alexander Roberts,
James Donaldson, and A. Cleveland Coxe. (Buffalo, NY:
Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1886.) Revised
and edited for New Advent by Kevin
Knight.http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/050707.htm.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07149b.htm
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03712a.htm
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09397a.htm
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07149b.htm
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09397a.htm
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09397a.htm
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09397a.htm
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09438a.htm
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09438a.htm
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12405a.htm
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06608a.htm
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09438a.htm
48. Procopius, History of the Wars, Book II.xxii-xxxiii:
From: Procopius, History of the Wars, 7 Vols., trans. H. B.
Dewing, Loeb Library of the Greek and Roman
Classics, (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1914),
Vol. I, pp. 451-473.
The Plag ue, 542
During these times there was a pestilence, by which the whole
human race came near to being annihilated. Now
in the case of all other scourges sent from heaven some
explanation of a cause might be given by daring men,
such as the many theories propounded by those who are clever
in these matters; for they love to conjure up
causes which are absolutely incomprehensible to man, and to
fabricate outlandish theories of natural philosophy
knowing well that they are saying nothing sound but
considering it sufficient for them, if they completely
deceive by their argument some of those whom they meet and
persuade them to their view. But for this calamity
it is quite impossible either to express in words or to conceive
in thought any explanation, except indeed to refer
it to God. For it did not come in a part of the world nor upon
certain men, nor did it confine itself to any season
of the year, so that from such circumstances it might be possible
to find subtle explanations of a cause, but it
49. embraced the entire world, and blighted the lives of all men,
though differing from one another in the most
marked degree, respecting neither sex nor age.
For much as men differ with regard to places in which they live,
or in the law of their daily life, or in natural
bent, or in active pursuits, or in whatever else man differs from
man, in the case of this disease alone the
difference availed naught. And it attacked some in the summer
season, others in the winter, and still others at
the other times of the year. Now let each one express his own
judgment concerning the matter, both sophist and
astrologer, but as for me, I shall proceed to tell where this
disease originated and the manner in which it
destroyed men.
It started from the Egyptians who dwell in Pelusium. Then it
divided and moved in one direction towards
Alexandria and the rest of Egypt, and in the other direction it
came to Palestine on the borders of Egypt; and
from there it spread over the whole world, always moving
forward and travelling at times favorable to it. For it
seemed to move by fixed arrangement, and to tarry for a
specified time in each country, casting its blight
slightingly upon none, but spreading in either direction right out
50. to the ends of the world, as if fearing lest some
corner of the earth might escape it. For it left neither island nor
cave nor mountain ridge which had human
inhabitants; and if it had passed by any land, either not
affecting the men there or touching them in indifferent
fashion, still at a later time it came back; then those who dwelt
round about this land, whom formerly it had
afflicted most sorely, it did not touch at all, but it did not
remove from the place in question until it had given up
its just and proper tale of dead, so as to correspond exactly to
the number destroyed at the earlier time among
those who dwelt round about. And this disease always took its
start from the coast, and from there went up to
the interior.
And in the second year it reached Byzantium in the middle of
spring, where it happened that I was staying at
that time. And it came as follows. Apparitions of supernatural
beings in human guise of every description were
seen by many persons, and those who encountered them thought
that they were struck by the man they had met
in this or that part of the body, as it havened, and immediately
upon seeing this apparition they were seized also
by the disease. Now at first those who met these creatures tried
to turn them aside by uttering the holiest of
51. names and exorcising them in other ways as well as each one
could, but they accomplished absolutely nothing,
for even in the sanctuaries where the most of them fled for
refuge they were dying constantly. But later on they
were unwilling even to give heed to their friends when they
called to them, and they shut themselves up in their
rooms and pretended that they did not hear, although their doors
were being beaten down, fearing, obviously,
that he who was calling was one of those demons. But in the
case of some the pestilence did not come on in this
way, but they saw a vision in a dream and seemed to suffer the
very same thing at the hands of the creature who
stood over them, or else to hear a voice foretelling to them that
they were written down in the number of those
who were to die. But with the majority it came about that they
were seized by the disease without becoming
aware of what was coming either through a waking vision or a
dream. And they were taken in the following
manner. They had a sudden fever, some when just roused from
sleep, others while walking about, and others
while otherwise engaged, without any regard to what they were
doing. And the body showed no change from its
52. previous color, nor was it hot as might be expected when
attacked by a fever, nor indeed did any inflammation
set in, but the fever was of such a languid sort from its
commencement and up till evening that neither to the
sick themselves nor to a physician who touched them would it
afford any suspicion of danger. It was natural,
therefore, that not one of those who had contracted the disease
expected to die from it. But on the same day in
some cases, in others on the following day, and in the rest not
many days later, a bubonic swelling developed;
and this took place not only in the particular part of the body
which is called boubon, that is, "below the
abdomen," but also inside the armpit, and in some cases also
beside the ears, and at different points on the
thighs.
Up to this point, then, everything went in about the same way
with all who had taken the disease. But from then
on very marked differences developed; and I am unable to say
whether the cause of this diversity of symptoms
was to be found in the difference in bodies, or in the fact that it
followed the wish of Him who brought the
disease into the world. For there ensued with some a deep coma,
with others a violent delirium, and in either
case they suffered the characteristic symptoms of the disease.
53. For those who were under the spell of the coma
forgot all those who were familiar to them and seemed to lie
sleeping constantly. And if anyone cared for them,
they would eat without waking, but some also were neglected,
and these would die directly through lack of
sustenance. But those who were seized with delirium suffered
from insomnia and were victims of a distorted
imagination; for they suspected that men were coming upon
them to destroy them, and they would become
excited and rush off in flight, crying out at the top of their
voices. And those who were attending them were in a
state of constant exhaustion and had a most difficult time of it
throughout. For this reason everybody pitied
them no less than the sufferers, not because they were
threatened by the pestilence in going near it (for neither
physicians nor other persons were found to contract this malady
through contact with the sick or with the dead,
for many who were constantly engaged either in burying or in
attending those in no way connected with them
held out in the performance of this service beyond all
expectation, while with many others the disease came on
without warning and they died straightway); but they pitied
them because of the great hardships which they
were undergoing. For when the patients fell from their beds and
54. lay rolling upon the floor, they kept putting
them back in place, and when they were struggling to rush
headlong out of their houses, they would force them
back by shoving and pulling against them. And when water
chanced to be near, they wished to fall into it, not so
much because of a desire for drink (for the most of them rushed
into the sea), but the cause was to be found
chiefly in the diseased state of their minds. They had also great
difficulty in the matter of eating, for they could
not easily take food. And many perished through lack of any
man to care for them, for they were either
overcome by hunger, or threw themselves down from a height.
And in those cases where neither coma nor
delirium came on, the bubonic swelling became mortified and
the sufferer, no longer able to endure the pain,
died. And one would suppose that in all cases the same thing
would have been true, but since they were not at
all in their senses, some were quite unable to feel the pain; for
owing to the troubled condition of their minds
they lost all sense of feeling.
Now some of the physicians who were at a loss because the
symptoms were not understood, supposing that the
disease centred in the bubonic swellings, decided to investigate
the bodies of the dead. And upon opening some
55. of the swellings, they found a strange sort of carbuncle that had
grown inside them. Death came in some cases
immediately, in others after many days; and with some the body
broke out with black pustules about as large as
a lentil and these did not survive even one day, but all
succumbed immediately. With many also a vomiting of
blood ensued without visible cause and straightway brought
death. Moreover I am able to declare this, that the
most illustrious physicians predicted that many would die, who
unexpectedly escaped entirely from suffering
shortly afterwards, and that they declared that many would be
saved, who were destined to be carried off almost
immediately. So it was that in this disease there was no cause
which came within the province of human
reasoning; for in all cases the issue tended to be something
unaccountable. For example, while some were
helped by battling, others were harmed in no less degree. And
of those who received no care many died, but
others, contrary to reason, were saved. And again, methods of
treatment showed different results with different
patients. Indeed the whole matter may be stated thus, that no
device was discovered by man to save himself, so
56. that either by taking precautions he should not suffer, or that
when the malady had assailed him he should get
the better of it; but suffering came without warning and
recovery was due to no external cause. And in the case
of women who were pregnant death could be certainly foreseen
if they were taken with the disease. For some
died through miscarriage, but others perished immediately at the
time of birth with the infants they bore.
However, they say that three women in confinement survived
though their children perished, and that one
woman died at the very time of childbirth but that the child was
born and survived.
Now in those cases where the swelling rose to an unusual size
and a discharge of pus had set in, it came about
that they escaped from the disease and survived, for clearly the
acute condition of the carbuncle had found relief
in this direction, and this proved to be in general an indication
of returning health; but in cases where the
swelling preserved its former appearance there ensued those
troubles which I have just mentioned. And with
some of them it came about that the thigh was withered, in
which case, though the swelling was there, it did not
develop the least suppuration. With others who survived the
tongue did not remain unaffected, and they lived on
57. either lisping or speaking incoherently and with difficulty.
Now the disease in Byzantium ran a course of four months, and
its greatest virulence lasted about three. And at
first the deaths were a little more than the normal, then the
mortality rose still higher, and afterwards the tale of
dead reached five thousand each day, and again it even came to
ten thousand and still more than that. Now in
the beginning each man attended to the burial of the dead of his
own house, and these they threw even into the
tombs of others, either escaping detection or using violence; but
afterwards confusion and disorder everywhere
became complete. For slaves remained destitute of masters, and
men who in former times were very prosperous
were deprived of the service of their domestics who were either
sick or dead, and many houses became
completely destitute of human inhabitants. For this reason it
came about that some of the notable men of the city
because of the universal destitution remained unburied for many
days.
And it fell to the lot of the emperor, as was natural, to make
provision for the trouble. He therefore detailed
soldiers from the palace and distributed money, commanding
Theodorus to take charge of this work; this man
held the position of announcer of imperial messages, always
58. announcing to the emperor the petitions of his
clients, and declaring to them in turn whatever his wish was. In
the Latin tongue the Romans designate this
office by the term Referendarius. So those who had not as yet
fallen into complete destitution in their domestic
affairs attended individually to the burial of those connected
with them. But Theodorus, by giving out the
emperor=s money and by making further expenditures from his
own purse, kept burying the bodies which were
not cared for. And when it came about that all the tombs which
had existed previously were filled with the dead,
then they dug up all the places about the city one after the
other, laid the dead there, each one as he could, and
departed; but later on those who were making these trenches, no
longer able to keep up with the number of the
dying, mounted the towers of the fortifications in Sycae
[Galata], and tearing off the roofs threw the bodies
there in complete disorder; and they piled them up just as each
one happened to fall, and filled practically all the
towers with corpses, and then covered them again with their
roofs. As a result of this an evil stench pervaded
the city and distressed the inhabitants still more, and especially
whenever the wind blew fresh from that quarter.
At that time all the customary rites of burial were overlooked.
59. For the dead were not carried out escorted by a
procession in the customary manner, nor were the usual chants
sung over them, but it was sufficient if one
carried on his shoulders the body of one of the dead to the parts
of the city which bordered on the sea and flung
him down; and there the corpses would be thrown upon skiffs in
a heap, to be conveyed wherever it might
chance. At that time, too, those of the population who had
formerly been members of the factions laid aside
their mutual enmity and in common they attended to the burial
rites of the dead, and they carried with their own
hands the bodies of those who were no connections of theirs and
buried them. Nay, more, those who in times
past used to take delight in devoting themselves to pursuits both
shameful and base, shook off the
unrighteousness of their daily lives and practiced the duties of
religion with diligence, not so much because they
had learned wisdom at last nor because they had become all of a
sudden lovers of virtue, as it were---for when
qualities have become fixed in men by nature or by the training
of a long period of time, it is impossible for
them to lay them aside thus lightly, except, indeed, some divine
influence for good has breathed upon them---
but then all, so to speak, being thoroughly terrified by the
60. things which were happening, and supposing that they
would die immediately, did, as was natural, learn respectability
for a season by sheer necessity. Therefore as
soon as they were rid of the disease and were saved, and already
supposed that they were in security, since the
curse had moved on to other peoples, then they turned sharply
about and reverted once more to their baseness of
hearts and now, more than before, they make a display of the
inconsistency of their conduct, altogether
surpassing themselves in villainy and in lawlessness of every
sort. For one could insist emphatically without
falsehood that this disease, whether by chance or by some
providence, chose out with exactitude the worst men
and let them go free. But these things were displayed to the
world in later times.
During that time it seemed no easy thing to see any man in the
streets of Byzantium, but all who had the good
fortune to he in health were sitting in their houses, either
attending the sick or mourning the dead. And if one
did succeed in meeting a man going out, he was carrying one of
the dead. And work of every description
ceased, and all the trades were abandoned by the artisans, and
all other work as well, such as each had in hand.
61. Indeed in a city which was simply abounding in all good things
starvation almost absolute was running riot.
Certainly it seemed a difficult and very notable thing to have a
sufficiency of bread or of anything else; so that
with some of the sick it appeared that the end of life came about
sooner than it should have come by reason of
the lack of the necessities of life.
And, to put all in a word, it was not possible to see a single man
in Byzantium clad in the chlamys, and
especially when the emperor became ill (for he too had a
swelling of the groin), but in a city which held
dominion over the whole Roman empire every man was wearing
clothes befitting private station and remaining
quietly at home. Such was the course of the pestilence in the
Roman empire at large as well as in Byzantium.
And it fell also upon the land of the Persians and visited all the
other barbarians besides.