Nigeria presented on its country experience with performance-based financing at a conference in Nairobi, Kenya. Key points included: 1. Nigeria has a large population of over 140 million people with high population growth and density. Health policy and services vary significantly across its 36 states. 2. Nigeria faces major health challenges like high infant, child, and maternal mortality according to national health statistics. Performance-based financing was introduced to improve health outcomes, access, and quality of care. 3. Major challenges to effective performance-based financing in Nigeria include weak political commitment, skepticism from providers, poor health information systems, inconsistent policies, and weak management capacity.