The document discusses the roots of jazz music in America before the 1850s. It describes how early influences like call-and-response and improvisation originated from African musical traditions and were blended with European styles. The development of Creole culture and the banjo's popularity were important to the growth of black musical styles in the United States during this time period. Minstrel shows also helped to spread early black musical influences to northern regions.

1. Roots of JAZZ MUS103: Survey of Music History II Dr. Kathleen Bondurant, Ph.D.

3. Jazz www.milfordmusic.com/DP/Partner/history.html

5. Jazz www.milfordmusic.com/DP/Partner/history.html

7. Jazz Negro Playing Banjo You are viewing an historic caricature of a negro playing a banjo. The image shows a Black man seated on a stool playing banjo, with jug and broken glass behind him. The lithograph was created in 1875. http://www.sonofthesouth.net/slavery/african-american-art/negro-playing-banjo.jpg&imgre

10. Here we see an African American worker on a 19th-century Georgia rice plantation creating diversion with his homemade fiddle. The scene is depicted by William Allen Rogers (1854-1931), a staff artist for Harper’s in the days before halftone photography. His illustrations accompany a lengthy travelogue describing the Sea Islands of Georgia and South Carolina, penned by Samuel Greene W. Benjamin (1837-1914), who uses a patronizing tone so typical of the era: “ The rice lands are very unhealthy, and no white man should spend the night in their vicinity after the crop begins to come up. They are infested with the most poisonous malaria. The negroes build their rude shanties on the dikes and hummocks in the midst of the rice swamps, and dance and play on their one-stringed fiddles with infantile security. No doubt they endure malarial exposure and a blazing torrent of sunlight far better than the whites, but even they not rarely succumb.” www.oldhatrecords.com/images/MusicHathCharms.jpg

14. Jazz http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/snd/images/foster02.jpg 1849 – Stephen Foster signed a contract with the New York music publisher, Firth, Pond & Company, determined to write music as a career and to earn a steady income from royalties of 2 cents each sale. He wrote Ethiopian minstrel songs for the stage but with "Old Uncle Ned" in Dec. 1848 and "Nelly Was a Lady" in 1849 he began to write of slaves as human beings capable of love and nostalgia, the first white composer to portray blacks as loving husbands and wives. His friend Charles Shiras was a leader of the abolitionist movement in Pittsburgh.

16. Jazz Born in New Orleans in 1829, Louis Moreau Gottschalk grew up in a neighborhood where he was exposed to the Creole music with its and the melodious folk songs that would later become a characteristic ingredient of much of his own music. African-Caribbean rhythms www.frenchcreoles.com/.../Gottschalk_image.jpg