This study assessed the effectiveness of fundal massage in reducing after pain among 60 postnatal mothers in Thiruvallur Government Hospital, India. The mothers were divided into experimental and control groups. Fundal massage was administered to the experimental group for 30 seconds, repeated 5 times within 10 minutes in the morning and evening. Pain levels were assessed before and after using a numerical scale. Results found a significant reduction in after pain in the experimental group compared to the control group. The study concluded that fundal massage is effective in reducing after pain among postnatal mothers.
The document discusses various methods for managing pain during labor, including both non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches. It defines true labor pain as being caused by uterine contractions and cervical dilation. Non-pharmacological methods discussed include psychological support, physical comfort measures, relaxation techniques like massage and TENS, and alternative therapies such as water birth, acupuncture, herbalism, and aromatherapy. Pharmacological approaches outlined are sedative/analgesics, narcotic drugs like pethidine, and inhalation analgesia. The document provides details on the physiology of labor pain and recommendations for nurses on supporting women throughout the different stages of labor.
This study examined the effects of acupressure on labor pain and duration in the first stage of labor. It utilized a randomized controlled trial design to compare pain levels, labor duration, and satisfaction between a control group and an experimental group that received acupressure. The sample included 100 women between 20-40 years old in their first to third pregnancy. The findings showed that acupressure was beneficial in shortening labor stages and managing pain. Limitations included a lack of ensuring self-reported data was truthful and not accounting for individual differences in pain tolerance.
The document summarizes a study on women's awareness of initiating and continuing breastfeeding after cesarean section in Baghdad, Iraq. The study involved surveying 30 women who had cesarean sections using a questionnaire. The results showed that 43.3% initiated breastfeeding within 24 hours of their c-section. 76.7% continued breastfeeding, though only 26% practiced exclusive breastfeeding. The study aimed to identify factors influencing breastfeeding initiation and continuation after c-sections. It recommended promoting breastfeeding through baby-friendly hospital initiatives and counseling women during pregnancy and after birth.
Alternative and complementary methods during laborAncy Abraham
INTRODUCTION
Even though delivery is a natural phenomenon, it has been demonstrated that the accompanying pain is considered severe or extreme in more than half of cases. Besides conventional approaches, such as epidural analgesia, many complementary or alternative methods have been reported to reduce pain during labor and delivery.
(1).These methods are popular because they emphasize the individual personality, and the interaction between mind, body and environment (2). They are attractive to people who want to be more involved in their own care and feel that such therapies are more in harmony with their personal philosophies. The conventional medical community usually offers traditional choices of analgesia, such as epidural and intravenous drugs. Patients may have access to alternative methods, but will generally be obliged to do the relevant research themselves beforehand. Those seeking alternatives are not necessarily dissatisfied with conventional medicine, but attempt to supplement rather than replace traditional care. Quite often, users of complementary medicine do not inform the practitioners in charge of their pregnancy and delivery. There are also different expectations for the management of pain during labor according to the category of professionals. Physicians are expected to provide pharmacological therapy, whereas midwives, nurses and other auxiliaries are required to assist patients with psychological methods, and in fact use alternative approaches more often. The theoretical bases for many alternative methods derive from Eastern tradition or philosophy.
ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES
Alternative therapies are used instead of conventional or mainstream therapies for examples, the use of acupuncture/acupressure rather than analgesics to relieve pain.
COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES
Complementary therapies are those used in conjunction with conventional therapies for example meditation used as an adjunct to analgesics drugs.
Nature of Pain During Labor and Delivery
A scientific definition of pain is ‘an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage . Acute pain such as labor pain has two dimensions: a sensory or physical dimension, with the transmission of information, the pain stimuli, to the brain, and an affective dimension due to interpretation of these stimuli through the interaction of a wide variety of emotional, social, cultural and cognitive variables unique to the individual.
Components of pain
For the management of pain, conventional medicine focuses more on the physical side, while alternative methods deal mainly with emotional considerations. In the laboring patient, the two stages of labor correspond to different types of pain and routes of transmission. During dilatation (first stage), visceral pain predominates, due to mechanical distention of the ce
Birthspacing in Oman..PHC Services.by Elizabeth Joseph KElizabeth Joseph
The document discusses birth spacing methods provided by the Ministry of Health in Oman. It summarizes the five main methods as: breastfeeding, pills (COC and POP), injection, IUD, and condoms. For each method, it covers the action, advantages, disadvantages, potential side effects, and instructions for use and follow-up. It emphasizes that birth spacing ensures child survival and well-being while reducing maternal mortality and morbidity. Proper birth spacing through family planning is an integral part of maternal and child health programs in Oman.
1) There have been over 20 clinical trials examining the effect of acupuncture on IVF outcomes such as implantation and pregnancy rates. Most studies found acupuncture conferred an advantage, though some found no effect.
2) Meta-analyses synthesizing the results of multiple studies found that acupuncture improved IVF success in some cases, especially when chances of success were low or when compared to no treatment rather than sham needles.
3) Embryo transfer acupuncture aims to relax the patient, improve blood flow to the uterus, and reduce stress hormones through needling points related to fertility based on research findings and traditional Chinese medicine.
- The document discusses pharmacological (drug) and non-pharmacological (non-drug) treatments for relief of perineal pain after vaginal delivery.
- It analyzes data from 130 patients' medical files who had vaginal deliveries. It found that 98.5% used pharmacological treatments like NSAIDs and oral analgesics, and 62.3% also used non-pharmacological treatments like ice packs.
- Higher rates of pharmacological treatment, especially NSAIDs and opioids, were found in patients whose newborns weighed over 3,500g.
The document discusses a research paper that examines a clinical practice guideline from Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center regarding skin-to-skin contact for low-birth-weight infants. The guideline asserts there is insufficient evidence that skin-to-skin contact benefits these infants. However, the research paper finds recent evidence that skin-to-skin contact provides health benefits to infants and improves mother-infant bonding. It also decreases hospital stays. As a result, the research argues the clinical practice guideline should be changed.
The document discusses various methods for managing pain during labor, including both non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches. It defines true labor pain as being caused by uterine contractions and cervical dilation. Non-pharmacological methods discussed include psychological support, physical comfort measures, relaxation techniques like massage and TENS, and alternative therapies such as water birth, acupuncture, herbalism, and aromatherapy. Pharmacological approaches outlined are sedative/analgesics, narcotic drugs like pethidine, and inhalation analgesia. The document provides details on the physiology of labor pain and recommendations for nurses on supporting women throughout the different stages of labor.
This study examined the effects of acupressure on labor pain and duration in the first stage of labor. It utilized a randomized controlled trial design to compare pain levels, labor duration, and satisfaction between a control group and an experimental group that received acupressure. The sample included 100 women between 20-40 years old in their first to third pregnancy. The findings showed that acupressure was beneficial in shortening labor stages and managing pain. Limitations included a lack of ensuring self-reported data was truthful and not accounting for individual differences in pain tolerance.
The document summarizes a study on women's awareness of initiating and continuing breastfeeding after cesarean section in Baghdad, Iraq. The study involved surveying 30 women who had cesarean sections using a questionnaire. The results showed that 43.3% initiated breastfeeding within 24 hours of their c-section. 76.7% continued breastfeeding, though only 26% practiced exclusive breastfeeding. The study aimed to identify factors influencing breastfeeding initiation and continuation after c-sections. It recommended promoting breastfeeding through baby-friendly hospital initiatives and counseling women during pregnancy and after birth.
Alternative and complementary methods during laborAncy Abraham
INTRODUCTION
Even though delivery is a natural phenomenon, it has been demonstrated that the accompanying pain is considered severe or extreme in more than half of cases. Besides conventional approaches, such as epidural analgesia, many complementary or alternative methods have been reported to reduce pain during labor and delivery.
(1).These methods are popular because they emphasize the individual personality, and the interaction between mind, body and environment (2). They are attractive to people who want to be more involved in their own care and feel that such therapies are more in harmony with their personal philosophies. The conventional medical community usually offers traditional choices of analgesia, such as epidural and intravenous drugs. Patients may have access to alternative methods, but will generally be obliged to do the relevant research themselves beforehand. Those seeking alternatives are not necessarily dissatisfied with conventional medicine, but attempt to supplement rather than replace traditional care. Quite often, users of complementary medicine do not inform the practitioners in charge of their pregnancy and delivery. There are also different expectations for the management of pain during labor according to the category of professionals. Physicians are expected to provide pharmacological therapy, whereas midwives, nurses and other auxiliaries are required to assist patients with psychological methods, and in fact use alternative approaches more often. The theoretical bases for many alternative methods derive from Eastern tradition or philosophy.
ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES
Alternative therapies are used instead of conventional or mainstream therapies for examples, the use of acupuncture/acupressure rather than analgesics to relieve pain.
COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES
Complementary therapies are those used in conjunction with conventional therapies for example meditation used as an adjunct to analgesics drugs.
Nature of Pain During Labor and Delivery
A scientific definition of pain is ‘an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage . Acute pain such as labor pain has two dimensions: a sensory or physical dimension, with the transmission of information, the pain stimuli, to the brain, and an affective dimension due to interpretation of these stimuli through the interaction of a wide variety of emotional, social, cultural and cognitive variables unique to the individual.
Components of pain
For the management of pain, conventional medicine focuses more on the physical side, while alternative methods deal mainly with emotional considerations. In the laboring patient, the two stages of labor correspond to different types of pain and routes of transmission. During dilatation (first stage), visceral pain predominates, due to mechanical distention of the ce
Birthspacing in Oman..PHC Services.by Elizabeth Joseph KElizabeth Joseph
The document discusses birth spacing methods provided by the Ministry of Health in Oman. It summarizes the five main methods as: breastfeeding, pills (COC and POP), injection, IUD, and condoms. For each method, it covers the action, advantages, disadvantages, potential side effects, and instructions for use and follow-up. It emphasizes that birth spacing ensures child survival and well-being while reducing maternal mortality and morbidity. Proper birth spacing through family planning is an integral part of maternal and child health programs in Oman.
1) There have been over 20 clinical trials examining the effect of acupuncture on IVF outcomes such as implantation and pregnancy rates. Most studies found acupuncture conferred an advantage, though some found no effect.
2) Meta-analyses synthesizing the results of multiple studies found that acupuncture improved IVF success in some cases, especially when chances of success were low or when compared to no treatment rather than sham needles.
3) Embryo transfer acupuncture aims to relax the patient, improve blood flow to the uterus, and reduce stress hormones through needling points related to fertility based on research findings and traditional Chinese medicine.
- The document discusses pharmacological (drug) and non-pharmacological (non-drug) treatments for relief of perineal pain after vaginal delivery.
- It analyzes data from 130 patients' medical files who had vaginal deliveries. It found that 98.5% used pharmacological treatments like NSAIDs and oral analgesics, and 62.3% also used non-pharmacological treatments like ice packs.
- Higher rates of pharmacological treatment, especially NSAIDs and opioids, were found in patients whose newborns weighed over 3,500g.
The document discusses a research paper that examines a clinical practice guideline from Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center regarding skin-to-skin contact for low-birth-weight infants. The guideline asserts there is insufficient evidence that skin-to-skin contact benefits these infants. However, the research paper finds recent evidence that skin-to-skin contact provides health benefits to infants and improves mother-infant bonding. It also decreases hospital stays. As a result, the research argues the clinical practice guideline should be changed.
Effect of Maternal Physical Activity on Pregnancy and Birthing OutcomesKimberly Rooker
A meta-analysis of assessed maternal and fetal responses to exercise in regards to pregnancy and birthing outcomes; possible risks and benefits of exercise during pregnancy; and current recommendations for exercise during pregnancy.
Short interpregnancy spacing and its impactDhan Shrestha
1) Short interpregnancy intervals (less than 18 months between live births) are associated with increased risks for both mother and baby, including preterm birth, low birthweight, maternal nutritional deficiencies, and complications during future births.
2) Factors that contribute to short spacing include lack of access to and use of family planning services, as well as social and economic pressures. In Nepal, nearly 40% of women have their first birth within a year of marriage.
3) Ensuring access to contraception and counseling on birth spacing can help reduce risks by allowing at least 24 months between pregnancies. This improves maternal health and nutrition as well as baby outcomes.
This research proposal aims to study the effect of Jacobson's progressive muscle relaxation technique on anxiety among primigravida women. The study will assess anxiety levels among 60 primigravida women split into experimental and control groups. The experimental group will receive the relaxation technique while the control will not receive any intervention. Anxiety levels will be measured before and after the intervention using the Spielberger anxiety inventory. The study hypothesizes that the relaxation technique will significantly reduce anxiety levels compared to the control group. Findings could help provide relief from anxiety during pregnancy.
Role of Dydrogesterone in Threatened Abortion Dr Sharda Jain Lifecare Centre
*EXPERINCE SHARING By EXPERTS*
Dr Uma Rai(DGF *E*)
Dr Sangeetaa Gupta(DGF *E*)
Dr Neerja Varshney(DGF *E*)
Dr Surjeet Kapoor(DGF *E*)
Dr Rupam arora(DGF *E*)
Dr Meenakshi Ahuja(DGF *S* )
Dr.Harsha khullar(DGF *C* )
Dr Mamta mittal(DGF *N*)
Dr Leena Sreedhar(DGF *D*)
Dr.Dipti Nabh(DGF *E*)
Dr. Shama Batra(DGF *E*)
Dr Poonam Paul(DGF *SW*)
PAN DGF ( DELHI GYNAECOLOGIST FORUM) CME ON DYDROGESTERONE ON 3/2 /22
There is currently no "gold standard" for post-cesarean pain management, with many options available determined by factors like drug availability and institutional protocols. This article provides an overview of the state of post-cesarean analgesia, discussing the role of the anesthesiologist and options like neuraxial opioids, systemic opioids, and regional techniques in providing effective postoperative pain relief.
The comparison of dinoprostone and vagiprost for induction of lobar in post t...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Effect of Antenatal Yoga on Labour Outcome- A Non-Randomized Control Study fr...Premier Publishers
This document summarizes a study that examined the effects of antenatal yoga on labour outcomes. 50 pregnant women practiced yoga during their pregnancies and their outcomes were compared to 50 pregnant women who received regular care. The study found that those who practiced yoga had shorter durations of active labour, lower rates of induced labour, and all delivered at term, while 4% of the control group had preterm deliveries. In conclusion, practicing yoga during pregnancy can decrease induced labour and shorten the duration of active labour phases.
Every woman experiences labor pain differently based on emotional, psychological, and cultural factors. Preparing for birth through education and developing a birth plan can help reduce anxiety and better cope with pain. There are many natural and medical options for pain relief during labor, including relaxation techniques, immersion in water, massage, nitrous oxide, and an epidural. The best methods vary for each woman and may change during labor.
This document provides information and advice for GPs and pharmacists on contraception options for breastfeeding women. It outlines that breastfeeding delays ovulation, so all contraceptives are less likely to fail if used consistently. It recommends immediate use of the lactational amenorrhoea method, IUDs, condoms, or female sterilization. Under 4 weeks, it recommends the progestogen-only pill, implant, or emergency contraception. From 4 weeks, it recommends IUDs or the LNG-IUS. From 6 weeks, it recommends the progestogen-only injectable, combined oral contraception, or diaphragms. It also discusses the lactational amenorrhoea method and progesterone-
This document compares the use of intravaginal misoprostol tablets and intracervical dinoprostone gel for cervical ripening and labor induction. A study of 200 women found that dinoprostone gel resulted in a shorter mean induction to delivery interval, more spontaneous vaginal births, and fewer C-sections and instrument-assisted deliveries than misoprostol. Neonatal outcomes were similar between the two groups, with most babies experiencing no complications. The study concluded that dinoprostone gel is more effective than misoprostol for cervical ripening and labor induction in nulliparous and primiparous women at term with an unfavorable cervix.
Effectiveness of pre delivery preparation on anxiety among Primigravida mothe...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care.
Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice
COMBINED ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE PILLS AND NEWER ADVANCES IN CONTRACEPTION BY DR S...DR SHASHWAT JANI
This document discusses combined oral contraceptives (COCs), also known as birth control pills. It provides details on the history, mechanisms of action, types, effectiveness and side effects of COCs. It notes that COCs were first approved for use in the 1960s and are now used by over 100 million women worldwide. The document also discusses newer male and female contraceptive methods that are still being researched or tested.
This document provides information about chiropractic care and acupuncture services offered by Lindeman Chiropractic, including their benefits for pregnancy, children, immunity, stress, illness, and various health conditions. It expresses gratitude for referrals and invites people to search for the practice on Facebook or schedule a free consultation.
A presentation by Kim Ekelund at the 2017 meeting of the Scandinavian Society of Anaestesiology and Intensive Care Medicine.
All available content from SSAI2017: https://scanfoam.org/ssai2017/
Delivered in collaboration between scanFOAM, SSAI & SFAI.
Pregnancy Outcome Comparison in Elderly and Non Elderly Primigravida attending at Mahila Chikitsalay, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India-Pregnancy and child birth are normal physiological processes and outcomes of most of the pregnancies are good but sometimes because of some reasons it has bad outcomes; out of that one is supposed to be elderly primi. But nowadays it becomes essential to delay the pregnancy in changing social and economic trend. Simultaneously higher advanced technique and better supported maternal and neonatal care also exist. So to have an idea of balance between these this case-control study was done on 120 elderly and 120 non-elderly primigravida to compare the pregnancy outcomes. To find out the association Chi-Square and Unpaired‘t’ test was used. It was observed in this study that although there was no significant difference in antenatal maternal pregnancy outcomes but PPH, induction of labor, cervix dystocia were significantly more in elderly. Likewise time taken to start with breast feeding was also more in elderly. In case of newborn mean APGAR score and mean birth weight was significantly lesser in elderly than non-elderly.
Complementary and alternative approaches to pain relief during laborpharmaindexing
Even though delivery is a natural phenomenon, it has been demonstrated that the accompanying pain is considered severe or extreme in more than half of cases. Besides conventional approaches, such as epidural analgesia, many complementary or alternative methods have been reported to reduce pain during labor and delivery. Not every woman wants traditional pain medication. Many moms-to-be want their labor and delivery to be as natural as possible (and for women who are recovering from drug and alcohol abuse, analgesics are usually a no-no), but still as comfortable as possible.
This document discusses Dr. Sharda Jain's expertise and experience in anti-aging medicine. Some key points:
- Dr. Jain is a renowned surgeon and teacher who has received several awards for her contributions to medicine.
- She is passionate about helping women age gracefully through her holistic 360-degree care approach, which includes stem cell therapy, lifestyle changes, exercise, and addressing cosmetic issues.
- Stem cell therapy is a key part of her anti-aging programs. She believes it is very effective for rejuvenation by helping the body repair and regenerate itself. It can help prevent and treat many diseases of aging.
- Her approach also focuses on lifestyle factors
This document provides guidelines for contraceptive methods that can be used during breastfeeding. It begins with 3 summarizing sentences about the purpose and general principles. It then discusses the Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) in detail over several sections: how it works based on 3 criteria; definitions for its use; efficacy shown in various studies to be 98% effective; considerations for counseling and use; and management issues. It concludes by discussing transitioning to other contraceptive methods after LAM is no longer applicable, ranked by their potential impact on breastfeeding success.
Constraints of exclusive breastfeeding practice among breastfeeding mothers i...Oba Adeboye
Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first six months of life as the best way of feeding an infant. The result of this study will increase the knowledge and encourage mothers on exclusive breastfeeding in Alimosho General Hospital, Igando and also show them the dangers of not practicing exclusive breastfeeding. It will also help the Nurse to debunk myths about exclusive breastfeeding. Using a concurrent mixed method approach, a structured questionnaire was administered to 100 breastfeeding mothers. Breastfeeding was perceived as essential to baby's health. It strengthens the physical and spiritual bond between mothers and their children. Exclusive breastfeeding was considered essential but demanding. The research however reveals larger percentage of the respondents are between 25-35 years in the study
This document summarizes hormonal methods of contraception. It describes family planning and the criteria for an ideal contraceptive. Hormonal contraceptives are classified as oral pills, depot formulations, injections, subdermal implants, and vaginal rings. Combined oral contraceptive pills contain estrogen and progesterone while progesterone-only pills contain only progesterone. Depot formulations provide long-lasting, reversible contraception through injections or implants. The various hormonal methods, their mechanisms of action, effectiveness, advantages, and potential side effects are discussed.
A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Patterned Breathing Technique on Pai...YogeshIJTSRD
BACKGROUND Breathing exercise is one of the extremely recurrent techniques used for universal pain relief on child bearing. During the first stage of labour, such breathing techniques can encourage physical relief by decrease muscles tension and encourage emotional relief by reducing the level of pain and well oxygenated muscles function more successfully and fruitful. Objective To assess pain level among primigravida women during the first stage of labor in experimental group and control group before practicing patterned breathing technique. -¢ To assess pain level among primigravida women during first stage of labor in experimental group and control group after practicing patterned breathing technique. -¢ To compare the pain level among primigravida women in experimental and control group. Methods A comprehensive systematic search of published literature and journal articles from Pubmed to evaluate the effectiveness of patterned breathing technique on pain during first stage of labour among primigravida mothers that are focusing till 2017. Result The researcher found that the mean pre test score of pain level in primigravida women before practicing Patterned breathing technique in experimental was 2.6 which is less than control group which is 2.8 with a mean difference of 0.2 , which is not significant as evident from -˜z’ value of 1.68 which is less than 0.05 level of significance. Conclusion It was concluded from the statistical tests that practicing selected Patterned breathing technique was effective in reduction of pain among primigravida women during first stage of labor. Analysis of data showed that there was a significant difference between pre test and post test pain scores of pain level in experimental group after practicing Patterned breathing technique and without practicing Patterned breathing technique control group. Shahnaj Qumer "A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Patterned Breathing Technique on Pain during First Stage of Labour among Primigravida Mothers Admitted in Selected Hospital at Moradabad" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43786.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/43786/a-study-to-evaluate-the-effectiveness-of-patterned-breathing-technique-on-pain-during-first-stage-of-labour-among-primigravida-mothers-admitted-in-selected-hospital-at-moradabad/shahnaj-qumer
Effect of Acupressure on Duration of Labor and Intensity of Labor Painijtsrd
Labor is a phenomenon that exists in many creatures and unlike other acute and chronic pain, the pain of labor does not correlate with any disease or pathology. The complications of pain are tension and anxiety, prolonged labor, abnormal fetal heart rate, increase the incidence of cesarean delivery and neonate's low Apgar score. Acupressure is a non invasive method, which is used to augment labor, provide pain relief, and shorten delivery time. Aim the aim of this literature reviews are evaluate the effectiveness of acupressure on labor pain's intensity and duration of labor. Methods A comprehensive search of databases and Internet research engines holding information related to effect of acupressure on duration of labor and intensity of labor pain, Pub Med, Saudi digital library and Google scholar search engine from 2010 to 2016.Results Eight articles were included in this review. Conclusion The acupressure was more effective in initial phase of labor, the effect of the intervention were more visible immediately after the intervention. In addition, the acupressure helps in reducing the perception of pain during the first stage of labour without any side effect on the mother or the foetus. Dr. Hamdia Mohammed Abd ELaziz | Prof. Lamiaa Ahmed Elsayed | Prof. Pushpamala Ramaya ""Effect of Acupressure on Duration of Labor and Intensity of Labor Pain"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30038.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/30038/effect-of-acupressure-on-duration-of-labor-and-intensity-of-labor-pain/dr-hamdia-mohammed-abd-elaziz
Effect of Maternal Physical Activity on Pregnancy and Birthing OutcomesKimberly Rooker
A meta-analysis of assessed maternal and fetal responses to exercise in regards to pregnancy and birthing outcomes; possible risks and benefits of exercise during pregnancy; and current recommendations for exercise during pregnancy.
Short interpregnancy spacing and its impactDhan Shrestha
1) Short interpregnancy intervals (less than 18 months between live births) are associated with increased risks for both mother and baby, including preterm birth, low birthweight, maternal nutritional deficiencies, and complications during future births.
2) Factors that contribute to short spacing include lack of access to and use of family planning services, as well as social and economic pressures. In Nepal, nearly 40% of women have their first birth within a year of marriage.
3) Ensuring access to contraception and counseling on birth spacing can help reduce risks by allowing at least 24 months between pregnancies. This improves maternal health and nutrition as well as baby outcomes.
This research proposal aims to study the effect of Jacobson's progressive muscle relaxation technique on anxiety among primigravida women. The study will assess anxiety levels among 60 primigravida women split into experimental and control groups. The experimental group will receive the relaxation technique while the control will not receive any intervention. Anxiety levels will be measured before and after the intervention using the Spielberger anxiety inventory. The study hypothesizes that the relaxation technique will significantly reduce anxiety levels compared to the control group. Findings could help provide relief from anxiety during pregnancy.
Role of Dydrogesterone in Threatened Abortion Dr Sharda Jain Lifecare Centre
*EXPERINCE SHARING By EXPERTS*
Dr Uma Rai(DGF *E*)
Dr Sangeetaa Gupta(DGF *E*)
Dr Neerja Varshney(DGF *E*)
Dr Surjeet Kapoor(DGF *E*)
Dr Rupam arora(DGF *E*)
Dr Meenakshi Ahuja(DGF *S* )
Dr.Harsha khullar(DGF *C* )
Dr Mamta mittal(DGF *N*)
Dr Leena Sreedhar(DGF *D*)
Dr.Dipti Nabh(DGF *E*)
Dr. Shama Batra(DGF *E*)
Dr Poonam Paul(DGF *SW*)
PAN DGF ( DELHI GYNAECOLOGIST FORUM) CME ON DYDROGESTERONE ON 3/2 /22
There is currently no "gold standard" for post-cesarean pain management, with many options available determined by factors like drug availability and institutional protocols. This article provides an overview of the state of post-cesarean analgesia, discussing the role of the anesthesiologist and options like neuraxial opioids, systemic opioids, and regional techniques in providing effective postoperative pain relief.
The comparison of dinoprostone and vagiprost for induction of lobar in post t...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Effect of Antenatal Yoga on Labour Outcome- A Non-Randomized Control Study fr...Premier Publishers
This document summarizes a study that examined the effects of antenatal yoga on labour outcomes. 50 pregnant women practiced yoga during their pregnancies and their outcomes were compared to 50 pregnant women who received regular care. The study found that those who practiced yoga had shorter durations of active labour, lower rates of induced labour, and all delivered at term, while 4% of the control group had preterm deliveries. In conclusion, practicing yoga during pregnancy can decrease induced labour and shorten the duration of active labour phases.
Every woman experiences labor pain differently based on emotional, psychological, and cultural factors. Preparing for birth through education and developing a birth plan can help reduce anxiety and better cope with pain. There are many natural and medical options for pain relief during labor, including relaxation techniques, immersion in water, massage, nitrous oxide, and an epidural. The best methods vary for each woman and may change during labor.
This document provides information and advice for GPs and pharmacists on contraception options for breastfeeding women. It outlines that breastfeeding delays ovulation, so all contraceptives are less likely to fail if used consistently. It recommends immediate use of the lactational amenorrhoea method, IUDs, condoms, or female sterilization. Under 4 weeks, it recommends the progestogen-only pill, implant, or emergency contraception. From 4 weeks, it recommends IUDs or the LNG-IUS. From 6 weeks, it recommends the progestogen-only injectable, combined oral contraception, or diaphragms. It also discusses the lactational amenorrhoea method and progesterone-
This document compares the use of intravaginal misoprostol tablets and intracervical dinoprostone gel for cervical ripening and labor induction. A study of 200 women found that dinoprostone gel resulted in a shorter mean induction to delivery interval, more spontaneous vaginal births, and fewer C-sections and instrument-assisted deliveries than misoprostol. Neonatal outcomes were similar between the two groups, with most babies experiencing no complications. The study concluded that dinoprostone gel is more effective than misoprostol for cervical ripening and labor induction in nulliparous and primiparous women at term with an unfavorable cervix.
Effectiveness of pre delivery preparation on anxiety among Primigravida mothe...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care.
Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice
COMBINED ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE PILLS AND NEWER ADVANCES IN CONTRACEPTION BY DR S...DR SHASHWAT JANI
This document discusses combined oral contraceptives (COCs), also known as birth control pills. It provides details on the history, mechanisms of action, types, effectiveness and side effects of COCs. It notes that COCs were first approved for use in the 1960s and are now used by over 100 million women worldwide. The document also discusses newer male and female contraceptive methods that are still being researched or tested.
This document provides information about chiropractic care and acupuncture services offered by Lindeman Chiropractic, including their benefits for pregnancy, children, immunity, stress, illness, and various health conditions. It expresses gratitude for referrals and invites people to search for the practice on Facebook or schedule a free consultation.
A presentation by Kim Ekelund at the 2017 meeting of the Scandinavian Society of Anaestesiology and Intensive Care Medicine.
All available content from SSAI2017: https://scanfoam.org/ssai2017/
Delivered in collaboration between scanFOAM, SSAI & SFAI.
Pregnancy Outcome Comparison in Elderly and Non Elderly Primigravida attending at Mahila Chikitsalay, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India-Pregnancy and child birth are normal physiological processes and outcomes of most of the pregnancies are good but sometimes because of some reasons it has bad outcomes; out of that one is supposed to be elderly primi. But nowadays it becomes essential to delay the pregnancy in changing social and economic trend. Simultaneously higher advanced technique and better supported maternal and neonatal care also exist. So to have an idea of balance between these this case-control study was done on 120 elderly and 120 non-elderly primigravida to compare the pregnancy outcomes. To find out the association Chi-Square and Unpaired‘t’ test was used. It was observed in this study that although there was no significant difference in antenatal maternal pregnancy outcomes but PPH, induction of labor, cervix dystocia were significantly more in elderly. Likewise time taken to start with breast feeding was also more in elderly. In case of newborn mean APGAR score and mean birth weight was significantly lesser in elderly than non-elderly.
Complementary and alternative approaches to pain relief during laborpharmaindexing
Even though delivery is a natural phenomenon, it has been demonstrated that the accompanying pain is considered severe or extreme in more than half of cases. Besides conventional approaches, such as epidural analgesia, many complementary or alternative methods have been reported to reduce pain during labor and delivery. Not every woman wants traditional pain medication. Many moms-to-be want their labor and delivery to be as natural as possible (and for women who are recovering from drug and alcohol abuse, analgesics are usually a no-no), but still as comfortable as possible.
This document discusses Dr. Sharda Jain's expertise and experience in anti-aging medicine. Some key points:
- Dr. Jain is a renowned surgeon and teacher who has received several awards for her contributions to medicine.
- She is passionate about helping women age gracefully through her holistic 360-degree care approach, which includes stem cell therapy, lifestyle changes, exercise, and addressing cosmetic issues.
- Stem cell therapy is a key part of her anti-aging programs. She believes it is very effective for rejuvenation by helping the body repair and regenerate itself. It can help prevent and treat many diseases of aging.
- Her approach also focuses on lifestyle factors
This document provides guidelines for contraceptive methods that can be used during breastfeeding. It begins with 3 summarizing sentences about the purpose and general principles. It then discusses the Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) in detail over several sections: how it works based on 3 criteria; definitions for its use; efficacy shown in various studies to be 98% effective; considerations for counseling and use; and management issues. It concludes by discussing transitioning to other contraceptive methods after LAM is no longer applicable, ranked by their potential impact on breastfeeding success.
Constraints of exclusive breastfeeding practice among breastfeeding mothers i...Oba Adeboye
Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first six months of life as the best way of feeding an infant. The result of this study will increase the knowledge and encourage mothers on exclusive breastfeeding in Alimosho General Hospital, Igando and also show them the dangers of not practicing exclusive breastfeeding. It will also help the Nurse to debunk myths about exclusive breastfeeding. Using a concurrent mixed method approach, a structured questionnaire was administered to 100 breastfeeding mothers. Breastfeeding was perceived as essential to baby's health. It strengthens the physical and spiritual bond between mothers and their children. Exclusive breastfeeding was considered essential but demanding. The research however reveals larger percentage of the respondents are between 25-35 years in the study
This document summarizes hormonal methods of contraception. It describes family planning and the criteria for an ideal contraceptive. Hormonal contraceptives are classified as oral pills, depot formulations, injections, subdermal implants, and vaginal rings. Combined oral contraceptive pills contain estrogen and progesterone while progesterone-only pills contain only progesterone. Depot formulations provide long-lasting, reversible contraception through injections or implants. The various hormonal methods, their mechanisms of action, effectiveness, advantages, and potential side effects are discussed.
A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Patterned Breathing Technique on Pai...YogeshIJTSRD
BACKGROUND Breathing exercise is one of the extremely recurrent techniques used for universal pain relief on child bearing. During the first stage of labour, such breathing techniques can encourage physical relief by decrease muscles tension and encourage emotional relief by reducing the level of pain and well oxygenated muscles function more successfully and fruitful. Objective To assess pain level among primigravida women during the first stage of labor in experimental group and control group before practicing patterned breathing technique. -¢ To assess pain level among primigravida women during first stage of labor in experimental group and control group after practicing patterned breathing technique. -¢ To compare the pain level among primigravida women in experimental and control group. Methods A comprehensive systematic search of published literature and journal articles from Pubmed to evaluate the effectiveness of patterned breathing technique on pain during first stage of labour among primigravida mothers that are focusing till 2017. Result The researcher found that the mean pre test score of pain level in primigravida women before practicing Patterned breathing technique in experimental was 2.6 which is less than control group which is 2.8 with a mean difference of 0.2 , which is not significant as evident from -˜z’ value of 1.68 which is less than 0.05 level of significance. Conclusion It was concluded from the statistical tests that practicing selected Patterned breathing technique was effective in reduction of pain among primigravida women during first stage of labor. Analysis of data showed that there was a significant difference between pre test and post test pain scores of pain level in experimental group after practicing Patterned breathing technique and without practicing Patterned breathing technique control group. Shahnaj Qumer "A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Patterned Breathing Technique on Pain during First Stage of Labour among Primigravida Mothers Admitted in Selected Hospital at Moradabad" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43786.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/43786/a-study-to-evaluate-the-effectiveness-of-patterned-breathing-technique-on-pain-during-first-stage-of-labour-among-primigravida-mothers-admitted-in-selected-hospital-at-moradabad/shahnaj-qumer
Effect of Acupressure on Duration of Labor and Intensity of Labor Painijtsrd
Labor is a phenomenon that exists in many creatures and unlike other acute and chronic pain, the pain of labor does not correlate with any disease or pathology. The complications of pain are tension and anxiety, prolonged labor, abnormal fetal heart rate, increase the incidence of cesarean delivery and neonate's low Apgar score. Acupressure is a non invasive method, which is used to augment labor, provide pain relief, and shorten delivery time. Aim the aim of this literature reviews are evaluate the effectiveness of acupressure on labor pain's intensity and duration of labor. Methods A comprehensive search of databases and Internet research engines holding information related to effect of acupressure on duration of labor and intensity of labor pain, Pub Med, Saudi digital library and Google scholar search engine from 2010 to 2016.Results Eight articles were included in this review. Conclusion The acupressure was more effective in initial phase of labor, the effect of the intervention were more visible immediately after the intervention. In addition, the acupressure helps in reducing the perception of pain during the first stage of labour without any side effect on the mother or the foetus. Dr. Hamdia Mohammed Abd ELaziz | Prof. Lamiaa Ahmed Elsayed | Prof. Pushpamala Ramaya ""Effect of Acupressure on Duration of Labor and Intensity of Labor Pain"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30038.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/30038/effect-of-acupressure-on-duration-of-labor-and-intensity-of-labor-pain/dr-hamdia-mohammed-abd-elaziz
The document discusses the importance of prenatal and postnatal exercise as well as sports bras for pregnant women. It provides background on changes to a woman's body during pregnancy and recommendations for moderate exercise of 30 minutes per day. Current sports bras aim to provide support and comfort but are designed without specific tools to simulate breast growth and body changes during pregnancy. The proposal is for a pregnancy simulator that designers can use to better understand these changes and design more effective maternity sports bras.
Chiropractic care during pregnancy can help relieve common pains like back and hip pain experienced by nearly 50% of pregnant women. Chiropractic aligns the spine and pelvis which supports easier birth and reduces risks of complications from misalignment. Studies show chiropractic reduces pain and shortens labor time. It is generally safe when carefully managed by a chiropractor trained in prenatal care, though some high risk pregnancies require medical consultation first.
The document discusses postpartum care and complications. It covers the anatomical changes that occur after delivery, routine postpartum care including monitoring for bleeding and infection, complications like postpartum hemorrhage, and patient education on caring for themselves and their newborn. Discharge instructions advise women on resuming normal activities and making follow-up appointments.
Three months of aerobic exercise training reduces depressive symptoms in pregnant women. A randomized trial assigned 80 nulliparous pregnant women to either a 3-month supervised aerobic exercise program or their usual activities. The exercise program consisted of walking, aerobic exercise, stretching, and relaxation 3 times per week. After the intervention, women in the exercise group reported fewer depressive symptoms on a depression questionnaire compared to the control group. Supervised aerobic exercise during pregnancy may help reduce symptoms of depression.
Three months of aerobic exercise training reduces depressive symptoms in pregnant women. A randomized trial assigned 80 nulliparous pregnant women to either a 3-month supervised aerobic exercise program or their usual activities. The exercise program consisted of walking, aerobic exercise, stretching, and relaxation 3 times per week. After the intervention, women in the exercise group reported fewer depressive symptoms on a depression questionnaire compared to the control group. Supervised aerobic exercise during pregnancy may help reduce symptoms of depression.
Three months of aerobic exercise training reduces depressive symptoms in pregnant women. A randomized trial assigned 80 nulliparous pregnant women to either a 3-month supervised aerobic exercise program or their usual activities. The exercise program consisted of walking, aerobic exercise, stretching, and relaxation 3 times per week. After the intervention, women in the exercise group reported fewer depressive symptoms on a depression questionnaire compared to the control group. Supervised aerobic exercise during pregnancy may help reduce symptoms of depression.
Evaluate the Effectiveness of Perineal Care on Episiotomy Pain and Wound Heal...Kailash Nagar
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the effectiveness of perineal care on episiotomy pain and wound healing among postpartum women. The study used a quasi-experimental design and assessed 60 postpartum women, assigning them to either an experimental group that received perineal care or a control group. Results showed that women who received perineal care had lower episiotomy pain scores over 3 days and better wound healing progress measured using the REEDA scale, compared to the control group. The study concluded that perineal care is effective in reducing episiotomy pain and improving wound healing among postpartum women.
This document discusses the physiology of labor and anesthesia during labor. It begins by defining labor as the process by which regular uterine contractions cause cervical dilation, usually resulting in fetus delivery after 22 weeks of pregnancy. Labor involves extensive physiological changes in the mother to allow fetus delivery through the birth canal. The document then covers classifications of labor, theories of labor onset, signs that precede labor, methods for assessing cervical readiness, characteristics of uterine contractions and labor stages. It discusses pain management techniques during labor, including non-medical and medical methods. The document provides details on various anesthesia techniques for labor like local infiltration and epidural anesthesia.
The document provides an overview of childbirth and newborn development. It discusses the stages of labor, cultural differences in childbirth practices, methods of pain management, Apgar scores, bonding research, approaches to childbirth like Lamaze and Bradley methods. It also covers newborn capabilities including senses, digestion, circumcision practices, early learning through classical conditioning and habituation, and social competence through responding to others.
Anesthesiology related topics. About pain management during labor. The pharmaological and non pharmacological strategies to reduce pain during childbirth.
Pharmacological includes anesthesia and analgesia. Non pharmacological includes support therapy, alternative medicine like acupuncture..
pain management during labor & second stage of laborSahar Mohammed
This document discusses pain management during labor and the second stage of labor. It identifies the physical and emotional causes of pain during labor. It then discusses various non-pharmacological strategies to manage labor pain, including support from a doula, hydrotherapy, TENS, acupuncture, hypnosis, sterile water injections, and the use of a birth ball. It also covers emotional support techniques provided by nurses, such as presence, partner support, information and instruction, and advocacy. Finally, it discusses pharmacological pain management strategies like narcotic analgesics, various types of anesthesia like spinal and epidural, and their risks and benefits.
This document discusses postpartum care for women. It outlines the important care and monitoring that should be provided in the immediate postpartum period (first hour), first 24 hours, and after 48 hours and before discharge. In the immediate postpartum period, caregivers should closely monitor the mother's vital signs, bleeding, pain, and initiate breastfeeding. In the first 24 hours they should continue monitoring and encourage mobility, breastfeeding, and provide preventative treatments. After 48 hours and before discharge, they should check for complications, continue counseling, and schedule follow-up visits at 3 days, 1 week and 6 weeks. The goal is to prevent postpartum hemorrhage and support the health of the mother and new
“A Pre Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Postnatal Exercises ...iosrjce
Introduction: The postnatal period is the time during which mother’s body adjusts physically and
psychologically to the process of childbearing.
Objectives: To assess the level of urinary incontinence before intervention, to assess the level of urinary
incontinence after intervention, to assess the effectiveness of postnatal exercise among postnatal mothers, to
associate the effectiveness of post assessment level of urinary incontinence with selected demographic variables
in experimental group.
Methodology: Non random sampling was used to select the sample for the study. The investigator
demonstrates the postnatal exercise to the mother. Post assessment level of urinary incontinence was done after
one month. RESULT: It reveals the effectiveness of postnatal exercise on prevention of urinary incontinence.
The mean value is 3.5 before intervention and 4.5 after intervention. The S.D value is 0.7 before intervention
and 0.6 after intervention. The difference of mean and S.D in experimental group is 0.9 and 0.2 respectively.
The overall paired‘t’ test was 20.1 which showed that there was statistically significant difference between pre
test and post assessment level of urinary incontinence among postnatal mothers in experimental group. Hence
the postnatal exercises were found to be effective.
Conclusion: Based on the finding the study concluded that postnatal exercises are more important during
postnatal period in reducing the risk of urinary incontinence and strengthening the pelvic floor muscles.
A study to assess the effectiveness of paced breathing versus back massage fo...pharmaindexing
The document summarizes a study that assessed the effectiveness of paced breathing versus back massage for managing labor pain in antenatal mothers. 200 mothers in labor were divided into 2 groups - Group I received paced breathing training and Group II received back massages. Pain levels were measured before and after the interventions using a visual analog scale. Both interventions significantly reduced reported pain levels from before to after. However, the reductions in pain levels were not significantly different between the two groups. Therefore, the study concluded that both paced breathing and back massage are effective non-pharmacological methods for relieving labor pain.
Cupping therapy is an ancient treatment method that involves creating suction on the skin using cups to improve blood flow and healing. The document discusses how cupping therapy can be used to treat various causes of infertility in both men and women by targeting acupuncture points related to reproductive organs and hormones. Clinical studies show cupping therapy alone or combined with IVF can increase pregnancy rates for infertility issues like PCOS, endometriosis, and unknown causes. Success rates vary but typically around 30% for treated cases.
Effect of uterine massage to women during third stage of labor on preventing ...Alexander Decker
This study assessed the effect of uterine massage during the third stage of labor on preventing postpartum hemorrhage. The study involved 400 women divided into 4 groups. The results showed there was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of blood loss, time of placental delivery, use of uterotonics, and occurrence of postpartum hemorrhage. Specifically, uterine massage during and after placental delivery was found to be effective in reducing blood loss. The study concluded that uterine massage during the third stage of labor should be applied routinely to help prevent postpartum hemorrhage.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
1. International Journal of Academic Research and Development
49
International Journal of Academic Research and Development
ISSN: 2455-4197; Impact Factor: RJIF 5.22
Received: 10-06-2019; Accepted: 13-07-2019
www.academicjournal.in
Volume 4; Issue 5; September 2019; Page No. 49-53
A study to assess the effectiveness of fundal massage on reduction of after pain among postnatal
mothers in Thiruvallur government hospital
Jessy Rani1
, KR Priyanka2
1
Assistant Professor, Saveetha College of Nursing, SIMATS, Chennai, India
2
B.Sc. (Nursing) IVth year, Saveetha College of Nursing, SIMATS, Chennai, India
Abstract
After the mother gives birth, the mother goes through many emotional and physical changes. The mother probably feels
alternately, cheerful joy and also experiences physical pain. Pain and fatigue are the most common problems reported by
women in the early postpartum period. Pain can interfere with a woman’s ability to care for herself and her infant. Cramping
will be most intense for the first day or two after giving birth, but it should taper off around the third day.(Though it can take
six weeks or longer for the uterus to return its normal size. the study was conducted to assess the level of after pain among
postnatal mothers, to assess the level of after pain among postnatal mothers after administration of fundal massage and to
associate the pre intervention and post intervention level of after pain among postnatal mothers with the demographic
variables.
Method: A quasi experimental study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of fundal massage on reduction of after pain
among postnatal mothers in Thiruvallur Government Hospital. Totally 60 samples were selected using convenient sampling
technique in that 30 samples were in experimental group and 30 samples were in control group. The researcher developed a
structured interview schedule to assess the demographic variables of the samples. The pre-test level of pain was assessed using
numerical rating scale and then fundal massage is given to the postnatal mothers in the experimental group. Massage was
given for 30sec and repeated for 5 times within 10 min in the morning and evening of the same day. Then the post-test level of
pain is assessed. The pre-test and post-test level of pain was assessed in the control group without administration of any
intervention to the mothers. The data were analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Result: The result revealed that t value for experimental group is t=16.1319 which is found to be significant at p>0.05.
Conclusion: Thus the fundal massage has a significant effect in reducing the after pain among postnatal mothers.
Keywords: After pain, Fundal massage, postnatal mothers
Introduction
Child birth includes different stages, and in every stage, the
mother plays great role in experiencing the important events
that occur throughout her journey. The stages are classified
into three main aspects; Antenatal period, intranatal period
and postnatal period. A postpartum period begins
immediately after the birth of a child as the mothers body
including hormone levels and uterus size, returns to a non-
pregnant state [1]
.
After the mother delivers, the uterus contracts and relaxes at
intervals, this leads to after pain which can be quite severe.
Cramping will be most intense for the first day or two after
giving birth, but it should taper off around the third day.
(Though it can take six weeks or longer for the uterus to
return its normal size.
Breastfeeding can bring on after pain or make them more
intense because the baby sucking triggers the release of the
hormone oxytocin, which in turn causes contractions. The
cramps brought on by breastfeeding help the uterus shrink to
normal size more quickly, reducing the risk of postpartum
anemia from blood loss.
Highlights from the World Health Organization 2013
guidelines (postnatal care for mothers and newborns).
Provide postnatal care in first 24 hours to all mothers and
babies.
Ensure healthy women and their newborn stay at a health
facility at least 24 hours and are not discharged early [2]
.
Uterine cramping or after pains, is more common in
postnatal women and occurs most often during
breastfeeding in the first postpartum days. Use of heating
pads applied to the abdomen may relieve this discomfort
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications are more
effective than acetaminophen. The data on opiods for the
relief of uterine cramping are inconclusive (The American
College of Obstetrics and Gynecologists (ACOG
Committtee)
After birth pain causes more discomfort to the mother both
physiologically and psychologically. Some of the nurses
intervention plays a major role for pain relief during the
postnatal period.
Touch and massage was a central component of care.
Massage is a essential and vital part of holistic maternity
care.
Fundal massage also called uterine massage, is a technique
used to reduce bleeding and cramping of the uterus after
childbirth. As the uterus returns to its non-pregnant size, its
muscle contracts strongly which can cause pain. This can be
reduced and make the mother to feel comfort by massaging
the fundus after the delivery of the placenta.
Post-partum contractions (after pain) during the first 12 to
24 hours may be strong, gradually diminishing in intensity
and frequently over the next few days.
2. International Journal of Academic Research and Development
50
Sam mcculloch (Nov 14) (2017), before woman become
pregnant her uterus is about the size of a large pear. During
pregnancy, it stretches to accommodate for growing baby.
After the birth of the baby it needs to return to its pre
pregnancy size. This shrinking down, process called
involution. When the uterine contracts, the feeling may
similar to the cramps that experience during menstrual
period [3]
.
OB-GYN Dr. Amy Peters, (2018) of Saddleback Medical
Centre in Laguna Hills, California agrees, that a uterine
massage is really a euphemism, and is routinely performed
postpartum to encourage the uterus to stay firm and reduce
blood loss. It involves pushing firmly on the uterus and
rubbing it to stimulate contractions [4]
.
Materials and methods
The research design was the quasi experimental study used
to assess the effectiveness of fundal massage on reduction of
after pain among postnatal mothers in Thiruvallur
Government Hospital. The samples size was totally 60
samples selected using convenient sampling technique in
that 30 samples were in experimental group and 30 samples
were in control group. The development of tool was a
structured interview schedule to assess the demographic
variables of the samples such as age, education, religion,
locality, dietary pattern, work pattern, income and
obstetrical variables such as vaginal bleeding, baby weight,
duration of labor, number of breast feeding per day, use of
oxytocin, fundal height and obstetrical score. The pre-test
level of pain is assessed using numerical rating scale and
then fundal massage is given to the postnatal mothers in the
experimental group. Massage given for the mothers in the
experimental group for 30sec and repeated for 5 times
within 10 min in the morning and evening of the same day.
Then the post-test level of pain is assessed. The pre-test and
post-test level of after pain in assessed in the control group
without administration of any intervention to the mothers.
The data were analysed by using descriptive and inferential
statistics.
Results
The TABLE 1 reveals that out of 30 in experimental group
1(3.33%) belongs to the age group of below 20 years,
24(80%) belongs to the age of 20-25 years, 5(16.66%)
belongs to the age group of 26-30 years. Regarding
Education 7(23.33%) were completed their primary school,
13(43.33%) were completed high school, 9(30%) were
completed their higher secondary, and 1(3.33%) were
completed their graduation. Regarding religion 27(90%)
were Hindu, 3(10%) Christian and 0(0%) Muslims.
Regarding locality 30(100%) belongs to rural area and
0(0%) urban. Regarding dietary pattern 0(0%) vegetarian
and 30(100%) were non-vegetarian. Regarding work pattern
7(23.33%) were doing sedentary work, 1(3.33%) were
doing moderate work, 0(0%) heavy work, 22(73.33%) were
unemployment. Regarding income 0(0%) were earning
Rs.5000, 3 (10%) Rs.5000-10,000, 4(13.33%) Above Rs.10,
000 and 23(76.66%) nil. In obstetrical variables, Regarding
Vaginal bleeding 0(0%) had Heavy and 30(100%) had
moderate bleeding. Regarding baby weight 0(0%) less than
2.5kg, 19(63.33%) is about 2.6-3.0kg and 11(36.66%) is
about 3.1-3.5kg. Regarding duration of labor 0(0%) 15hrs
and 30(100%) mothers had the duration of about 11-15hrs.
Regarding No. of breastfeeding per day 1(3.33%) feeds
about 7-10 times, 27(90%) about 11-15times and 2(6.66%)
about 16-20 times. Regarding use of oxytocin 30 (100%)
mother got 2 ampules and 0(0%) no one got 1 ampules.
Regarding fundal height 26(86.66%) at the level of
umbilicus and for 4(13.33%) 2cm below the umbilicus.
Regarding Obstetrical score 23(76.66%) were G1P0A0L0,
7(23.33%) were G2P1A0L1 and 0(0%) were G3P2A0L0.
30 in control group 2(6.66%) belongs below 20 years,
17(56.66%) belongs to 20-25years, 11 (36.66%) belongs to
26-30years. Regarding Education 4 (13.33%) were
completed their primary school, 10 (33.33%) High school,
16(53.33%) higher secondary and 0 (0%) graduation.
Regarding Religion 20(66.66%) were Hindu, 7(23.33%)
Christian and 3(10%) were Muslims. Regarding Locality 30
(100%) belongs to rural area and 0(0%) belongs to urban.
Regarding Dietary pattern 0(0%) were non-vegetarian and
30(100%) were non-vegetarian. Regarding work pattern
20(66.66%) were doing sedentary work, 0(0%) doing
moderate work, 0(0%) doing heavy work and 10(33.33%)
were unemployment. Regarding Income 0(0%) were earning
Rs.5000, 17(56.66%) were earning Rs.5000-10,000, 3(10%)
were earning above Rs.10, 000 and 10(33.33%) nil. In
obstetrical variables, Regarding Vaginal bleeding 0(0%) had
heavy and had the duration of about 15hrs and 27(90%)
about 11-15hrs.Regarding No. of breastfeeding per day
0(0%0) feeds 7-10 times, 26(86.66%) 11-15 times and
4(13.33%) 16-20times. Regarding use of oxytocin 0(0%) 1
ampules and 30(100%) mothers got 2 ampules. Regarding
Fundal Height 19(63.33%) at the level of umbilicus and
11(36.66%) 2cm below the umbilicus. Regarding
Obstetrical score 21(70%) were G1P0AL0, 9(30%)
G2P1A0L1 and 0(0%) G3P2A0L2.
The TABLE 2 reveals the pretest level of pain, out of 30
samples in experimental group 1(3.33%) had mild pain,
24(80%) had moderate pain and 5(16.66%) had severe pain.
In control group out of 30 samples 7(23.33%) had mild
pain, 18(60%) had moderate pain and 5(16.66%) had severe
pain.
The TABLE 3 reveals that the pretest mean score of pain in
experimental group was 5.3 and Standard deviation (SD)
was 1.213. For control group the mean score was 5.233 and
Standard deviation (SD) was 2.2020.
The TABLE 4 reveals the frequency and percentage
distribution of post level pain. Out of 30 in experimental
group 20(66.66%) had mild pain, 6(20%) had moderate pain
and 4(13.33%) had severe pain. In control group out of 30,
1(3.33%) had mild pain, 12(24%) had moderate pain and
17(56.66%) had severe pain.
The TABLE 6 reveals that the calculated t value for the
experimental group is t=16.1319 which is found to be
significant at p>0.05 level and the t value for the control
group is t=10.1812 which is found to be significant at
p>0.05. So the uterine massage was effective on reduction
of after birth pain among postnatal mothers.
Discussion
The TABLE 5 reveals the posttest mean score of
experimental group was 0.4 and standard deviation (SD)
was 6.2. Mean score of control group is 1.564 and standard
deviation was 1.0634.
Elisabeth jangsten (2011), conducted a study to compare
women experience of pain intensity when the third stage of
labor was managed actively and expectantly and their
experience of after pain. Women (n=1,802) were randomly
3. International Journal of Academic Research and Development
51
allocated to either active management or expectant
management of the third stage of labor. After pain were
scored as more intense the day after, compared with 2 hours
after, childbirth in both groups. Multiparas scored more
intense afterpains, compared with primiparas, irrespective of
management (P<0.001) [5]
.
Priyakumari (2012), conducted a study to evaluate
effectiveness of selected nursing intervention (fundal
massage and alternative leg exercise) on reduction of after
pain among multipara mothers in upgrated (PHC),
Kundrathur at Chennai. The analysis of the study revealed
that, the paired‘t’ test value of 22.78, was very high
significant at the levelof p<0.001. It indicates the
effectiveness of selected nursing interventions such as
fundal massage and alternative leg lifting exercise on
reduction of after pains among multipara mothers [6]
.
Adejumo (2014), studied the Effects of uterine massage on
number of postpartum haemorrhage cases at a level 2
hospital in the western cape, south Africa and assessed the
fundal massage in the postpartum period as part of active
management of the third stage of labor The effect of
intervention did not result in a statistically significant
decrease in occurrence of PPH (p=0.1039) [7]
.
Selda ildan (2014), studied the effect of uterine massage
during early postpartum period on uterus involution and
amount of lochia rubra and determined the effectiveness of
uterine massage on uterus involution and lochia rubra in the
first postpartum 24 hours after vaginal birth the findings
were evaluated at the 24th
hour. The total amount of lochia
in 24 hours for the women in the experimental group was
less than the total amount of lochia obtained in control
group [8]
.
Mantha M. patel (2015), studied the active management of
third stage of labour as per WHO guidelines: efficacy and
complications and evaluated efficacy and complications of
AMTSL as per WHO guidelines. A total of 100 low risk
patients assigned randomly at obstetrics department, P.D.U.
medical college, Rajkot. The result of the study is that Mean
blood loss is 119ml. One case had blood loss > 500ml.
Mean duration of third stage of labour is 5.16 minutes.
Mean time taken by uterus to contract was 3.8 minutes [9]
.
Reda M (2018), studied the effect of uterine massage and
active management during third stage of labor on reduction
of postpartum haemorrhage among high risk women. The
findings of the study show that majority of international
group had normal uterine involution and 47.8% discharged
at the same day due to the effect of uterine massage and
active management of third stage of labor [10]
.
Stephanie Brown (2005) studied physical health problems
after childbirth and maternal depression at six and seven
month postpartum and investigated the relationship between
maternal physical and emotional health problems six to nine
months after childbirth [11]
.
Manjubala Dash (2015), studied the Effectiveness of
selected nursing intervention (emptying the bladder, oil
massage, and lying flat on abdomen) on after pain among
postnatal mothers in the selected hospital in puducherry.
The result shows that the postnatal mothers showed a highly
significant decrease in the level of after-pain following
nursing interventions (P, 0.001) [12]
.
Smitha P. (2016), studied the Nature and characteristics of
after pain among postnatal mothers admitted in a tertiary
care hospital in South India. The characteristics of pain was
assessed using numerical pain rating scale every 24hrs in the
first three postpartum days [13]
.
Poornima Ramaswamy (2014), studied the effectiveness of
selected nursing measures (fundal massage and alternate leg
exercise) on level of after birth pain among primipara
mothers in Lowry memorial college, Bangalore India. The
result of the study is that 86.6% of primipara mother had
mild pain where as in control group 46.6% had moderate
pain and 53.3% had severe pain. It reveals that uterine
massage is effective in reduction of after pain [14].
Table 1: Frequency and percentage distribution of sample characteristics in experimental and control group
S.NO Demographic variable Experimental group Control group
Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage
1. Age
a. Below 20yrs 1 3.33% 2 6.66%
b. 20-25yrs 24 80% 17 56.66%
c. 26-30yrs 5 16.66% 11 36.66%
2. Education
a. Primary school 7 23.33% 4 13.33%
b. High school 13 43.33% 10 33.33%
c. Higher secondary 9 30% 16 53.33%
d. Graduate 1 3.33% 0 0%
3. Religion
a. Hindu 27 90% 20 66.66%
b. Christian 3 10% 7 23.33%
c. Muslim 0 0% 3 10%
4. Locality
a. Rural 30 100% 30 100%
b. Urban 0 0% 0 0%
5. Dietary pattern
a. Vegetarian 0 0% 0 0%
b. Non-Vegetarian 30 100% 30 100%
6. Work pattern
a. Sedentary 7 23.33% 20 66.66%
b. Moderate 1 3.33% 0 0%
c. Heavy 0 0% 0 0%
d. Unemployment 22 73.33% 10 33.33%
4. International Journal of Academic Research and Development
52
7. Income
a. 5000 0 0% 0 0%
b. 5000-10,000 3 10% 17 56.66%
c. Above 10,000 4 13.33% 3 10%
d. Nil 23 76.66% 10 33.33%
Maternal variables
Table 2
S.NO Demographic variable Experimental group Control group
FrequencyPercentageFrequencyPercentage
1.. Vaginal bleeding
a. Heavy 0 0% 0 0%
b. Moderate 30 100% 30 100%
2. Baby weight
a. Less than 2.5kg 0 0% 0 0%
b. 2.6-3.0kg 19 63.33% 2 6.66%
c. 3.1-3.5kg 11 36.66% 28 93.33%
3. Duration of labor
a. 15hrs 0 0% 3 10%
b. 11-15hrs 30 100% 27 90%
4. No. of breastfeeding
a. 7-10times 1 3.33% 0 0%
b. 11-15times 27 90% 26 86.66%
c. 16-20times 2 6.66% 4 13.33%
5. Use of oxytocin
a. 1 ampule 0 0% 0 0%
b. 2 ampule 30 100% 30 100%
6. Fundal height
a. At the level of umbilicus 26 86.66% 19 63.33%
b. 2cm below umbilicus 4 13.33% 11 36.66%
7. Obstetrical Score
a. G1P0A0L0 23 76.66% 21 70%
b. G2P0A0L1 7 23.33% 9 30%
c. G3P2A0L2 0 0% 0 0%
Table 2: Frequency and percentage distribution of pretest level of pain in experimental and control group
Level of pain
Experimental group Control group
Frequency percentage Standard deveiation Frequency Percentage Standard deviation
Mild 1 3.33% 7 23.33%
Moderate 24 80% 18 60%
Severe 5 16.66% 1.213 5 16.66% 2.2.02
Table 3: Frequency and percentage distribution of post level pain in experimental and control group
Level Of pain
Experimental group Control group
Frequency Percentage Standard deviation Frequency Percentage Standard deviation
Mild 20 66.66% 1 3.33%
1.063Moderate 6 20% 12 24%
Severe 4 13.33% 6.2 17 56.66%
Fig 1: Age
Fig 2: Vaginal Bleeding
5. International Journal of Academic Research and Development
53
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