This document discusses the components and process of 3D printing. It includes a block diagram of the components which are an Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller, L293D motor driver, stepper motor, and extruder. It describes the printing materials of ABS and PLA. It explains the methods of 3D printing including fused deposition modeling and stereolithography. The advantages are listed as rapid prototyping, clean process, and ability to produce complex shapes, while disadvantages include slow speed and limited strength of components.

2. Contents
Introduction
• Working
•Steps of
creating
Block diagram
• Different
methods
• Applications
Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Conclusion

11. Micro Controller(Arduino Mega 2560)
Motor Driver(L293D)
Stepper Motor
Extruder
Printing Material
• ABS(Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)
• PLA(Poly Lactic Acid)
BLOCK DIAGRAM

12. Arduino Mega 2560
 54 digital input/output pins (15 are used as PWM outputs)
 16 analog inputs, 4 UARTs (hardware serial ports)
 16MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an
ICSP header, and a reset button.
 Can be connected to a computer with USB Cable/power with
AC-DC Adapter or battery to get started.

13. Power
• Via USB Connection/External Power Supply
• External power is an AC-DC adapter(Wall-wart) or battery
• Operate at 6-20V
Power Pins
• VIN:Input voltage to the Arduino board when using external power source.
• 5V:Outputs a regulated 5V from the regulator on board
• 3V3:A 3.3V supply generated by on board regulator.Max current draw is 50mA
• GND:Ground pins
• IOREF:Provides voltage reference with which micro controller works
Memory
• 256kB Falsh memory(8kb for boot loader)
• 8kb of SRAM & 4kb of EEPROM

14. Input & Output
• 54 digital pins on the Mega can be used as an i/p / o/p, using pinmode(), digitalWrite() &
digitalRead() functions
• They operate at 5V.Each pin provide/receive a maximum of 40mA & pull-up resistor of 20-
50kohms
Communication
• ATMega provides 4 Hardware UARTS for TTL(5V) serial communication
• A software serial library allows for serial communication
• Also supports TWI & SPI communications
• Includes a wire library to simplify use of the TWI bus

15.  Quadruple high-current half-H drivers.L293D motor driver is
shown in the figure.
 It is designed to provide bidirectional drive currents of up to
600mA at voltages from 4.5 V to 36 V.
 These are designed to drive inductive loads such as relays,
solenoids, dc and bipolar stepping motors, as well as other high-
current/ high voltage loads in positive-supply applications.
Motor Driver (L293D)

16.  Electromechanical devices which generates discrete displacement
(motion) in response to DC-Electrical signals.
UniPolar Stepper Motor
• Contains 2 windings per phase.
• Direction is controlled by changing the direction of current flow.
• Easy to shift direction of rotation by switching the teriminals.
Bipolar Stepper Motor
• Contains single winding per phase
• Current flow through the windings is reversed dynamically for
reversing motor rotation.
• Requires complex circuit

17. EXTRUDER
 Responsible for raw material melting & forming it into a continuous
profile.
 Works on the same principle of Injection molding machines.
 Extrusion is a simple concept,but the design & application is a
complex field.
 A dedicated extrusion machine must mix,homogenize & melt the
material.
 Higher back pressures will be generated

18. PRINTING MATERIALS
ABS(Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)
• Cheapest material,very durable,strong,flexible & resistant to heat.
• Temperature:210-250C
• ABS Glue. Easily dissolved in acetane.
• Available in white,black,red,blue,yellow & green colors
PLA(Poly Lactic Acid)
• Biodegradable thermoplastic.
• Tough, little brittle
• 160-220C (Cant stand too much heat).
• Quite slow to cool.

19. • CNC based tooling language
• Each line conveys one type of machine
movement
• Describe movements that will make a part
• Including dimensions such as extrusion
width, speed etc.,
G-Code

21. Selective Laser Sintering(SLS)
• Uses high power laser (e.g. Carbon dioxide
Laser)
• Fuses small particles of plastic,
metal(DMLS),ceramic/glass powder

22. Stereo
Lithography
(STL)
• Use a vat of liquid Resin
• UV-Laser to build parts a layer at a time
• CAD is used to create STL files
• STL file format-Uses many little triangles to make a 3D plot of objects

23. Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM)
• Commonly used for modelling,
prototyping & production
applications

27. ☺ RAPID PROTOTYPING: 3-D design gives the designers ability to quickly turn concepts into 3D
models/prototypes.
☺ Clean Process: Wastage of material is negligible.
☺ Complex Shape can be produced.
☺ EASY TO USE: No skilled person is needed.
☺ REDUCE DESIGN COMPLEXITY.
☺ CHEAP Cheaper process than any other process.
☺ People in remote locations can fabricate objects that would otherwise be inaccessible to them.
advantages

28. disadvantages
☹ Process is slow.
☹ Components do not have enough strength.
☹ COST OF RAW MATERIALS.
☹ 3-D Printers are still expensive.
☹ Misuse of technology
☹ Although 3D printers have the potential of creating many jobs and opportunities,
they might also put certain jobs at risk.

29. ☯ With todays 3D printers, if you loose your TV remote’s battery cover you can create a
replacement battery cover. With tomorrow’s if you loos your remote you will be able to
create a new remote.
☯ 3D printers are always getting cheaper & better.
☯ There is currently research going on to create 3D printers that could print out organs for
people in need of a transplant.
☯ Within a decade,3D printers will become common place in house.
The benefits of such Technology are endless
COnclusion