2. Contents
Introduction
• Working
•Steps of
creating
Block diagram
• Different
methods
• Applications
Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Conclusion

11. Micro Controller(Arduino Mega 2560)
Motor Driver(L293D)
Stepper Motor
Extruder
Printing Material
• ABS(Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)
• PLA(Poly Lactic Acid)
BLOCK DIAGRAM

12. Arduino Mega 2560
 54 digital input/output pins (15 are used as PWM outputs)
 16 analog inputs, 4 UARTs (hardware serial ports)
 16MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an
ICSP header, and a reset button.
 Can be connected to a computer with USB Cable/power with
AC-DC Adapter or battery to get started.

13. Power
• Via USB Connection/External Power Supply
• External power is an AC-DC adapter(Wall-wart) or battery
• Operate at 6-20V
Power Pins
• VIN:Input voltage to the Arduino board when using external power source.
• 5V:Outputs a regulated 5V from the regulator on board
• 3V3:A 3.3V supply generated by on board regulator.Max current draw is 50mA
• GND:Ground pins
• IOREF:Provides voltage reference with which micro controller works
Memory
• 256kB Falsh memory(8kb for boot loader)
• 8kb of SRAM & 4kb of EEPROM

14. Input & Output
• 54 digital pins on the Mega can be used as an i/p / o/p, using pinmode(), digitalWrite() &
digitalRead() functions
• They operate at 5V.Each pin provide/receive a maximum of 40mA & pull-up resistor of 20-
50kohms
Communication
• ATMega provides 4 Hardware UARTS for TTL(5V) serial communication
• A software serial library allows for serial communication
• Also supports TWI & SPI communications
• Includes a wire library to simplify use of the TWI bus

15.  Quadruple high-current half-H drivers.L293D motor driver is
shown in the figure.
 It is designed to provide bidirectional drive currents of up to
600mA at voltages from 4.5 V to 36 V.
 These are designed to drive inductive loads such as relays,
solenoids, dc and bipolar stepping motors, as well as other high-
current/ high voltage loads in positive-supply applications.
Motor Driver (L293D)

16.  Electromechanical devices which generates discrete displacement
(motion) in response to DC-Electrical signals.
UniPolar Stepper Motor
• Contains 2 windings per phase.
• Direction is controlled by changing the direction of current flow.
• Easy to shift direction of rotation by switching the teriminals.
Bipolar Stepper Motor
• Contains single winding per phase
• Current flow through the windings is reversed dynamically for
reversing motor rotation.
• Requires complex circuit

17. EXTRUDER
 Responsible for raw material melting & forming it into a continuous
profile.
 Works on the same principle of Injection molding machines.
 Extrusion is a simple concept,but the design & application is a
complex field.
 A dedicated extrusion machine must mix,homogenize & melt the
material.
 Higher back pressures will be generated

18. PRINTING MATERIALS
ABS(Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)
• Cheapest material,very durable,strong,flexible & resistant to heat.
• Temperature:210-250C
• ABS Glue. Easily dissolved in acetane.
• Available in white,black,red,blue,yellow & green colors
PLA(Poly Lactic Acid)
• Biodegradable thermoplastic.
• Tough, little brittle
• 160-220C (Cant stand too much heat).
• Quite slow to cool.

19. • CNC based tooling language
• Each line conveys one type of machine
movement
• Describe movements that will make a part
• Including dimensions such as extrusion
width, speed etc.,
G-Code

21. Selective Laser Sintering(SLS)
• Uses high power laser (e.g. Carbon dioxide
Laser)
• Fuses small particles of plastic,
metal(DMLS),ceramic/glass powder

22. Stereo
Lithography
(STL)
• Use a vat of liquid Resin
• UV-Laser to build parts a layer at a time
• CAD is used to create STL files
• STL file format-Uses many little triangles to make a 3D plot of objects

23. Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM)
• Commonly used for modelling,
prototyping & production
applications

27. ☺ RAPID PROTOTYPING: 3-D design gives the designers ability to quickly turn concepts into 3D
models/prototypes.
☺ Clean Process: Wastage of material is negligible.
☺ Complex Shape can be produced.
☺ EASY TO USE: No skilled person is needed.
☺ REDUCE DESIGN COMPLEXITY.
☺ CHEAP Cheaper process than any other process.
☺ People in remote locations can fabricate objects that would otherwise be inaccessible to them.
advantages

28. disadvantages
☹ Process is slow.
☹ Components do not have enough strength.
☹ COST OF RAW MATERIALS.
☹ 3-D Printers are still expensive.
☹ Misuse of technology
☹ Although 3D printers have the potential of creating many jobs and opportunities,
they might also put certain jobs at risk.

29. ☯ With todays 3D printers, if you loose your TV remote’s battery cover you can create a
replacement battery cover. With tomorrow’s if you loos your remote you will be able to
create a new remote.
☯ 3D printers are always getting cheaper & better.
☯ There is currently research going on to create 3D printers that could print out organs for
people in need of a transplant.
☯ Within a decade,3D printers will become common place in house.
The benefits of such Technology are endless
COnclusion