1) The document discusses the role of colleges in developing social values among students. It defines society and discusses socialism in India and the characteristics of a socialistic society as conceived for India. 2) A key characteristic of a socialistic Indian society is decentralization of economic and political power through promotion of cottage industries and gram panchayats. All individuals should have equal opportunities and wealth should be distributed based on needs. 3) Education can help establish such a society by increasing national income, providing employment, promoting self-reliance, decentralization, equality, and enabling a peaceful democratic revolution. Education gives priority to the lowest and most backward in society.

1. Shodh, Samiksha aur Mulyankan (International Research Journal)—ISSN-0974-2832,Vol. II, Issue-11-12 (Dec.2009—Jan.2010) 37
ROLL OF COLLEGES IN DEVELOPMENT
OF SOCIAL VALUES AMONG STUDENTS
Research Paper—Education *Dr. Sanjay M. Chovatiya
** Dr. Rita A. Kagathara
(1) Definition of Society :- Man is a social animal. after achieving independence, the nation became ac-
He cannot maintain his existence without society. So tive towards attaining the goals of socialism.
he creates a society. Society is not simply an assembly In fact, it may be easily conceded that the Indian
of few or many persons. Certain things are necessary leadership was already favorably disposed to social-
to convert an assembly into society. For its formation, ism. The British administration was a great impediment
mutual contact of person, exchange of ideas and some to whatever the India people did towards achieving
rules for preservation of rights are required. Mutual the goals of socialism, that is why, even after the at-
contact and feeling of oneness are essential for forma- tainment of independence the Indian leaders have been
tion of society. People of different groups are tied in never tried of proclaiming very clearly that their fights
bonds of unity only when they take interest in each was not over till they succeeded in establishing social
other and preserve each other's interest. No one defi- and economic equality amongst the people. The mean-
nition can be given for the society; there may be sev- ing of economic equality in the contest of socialism is
eral definition which are according to the circumstances quite comprehensive. In fact, socialism does not imply
and environment. We shall like to have such a defini- that wealth should be equally distributed amongst all
tion according to which a group of person, living in a the people. Mahatma Gandhi used to say that just as
geographical area preserve certain common or pecific the requirements of a small ant and a big elephant
cultural traditions and ideals regarded as forming a connot be identical, similarly, the requirements of an
society. A society should be conducting some such individual with his wife and children cannot be equal
social units for safeguarding such common interests with those of a person who lives singly. Mahatma
which may keep alive the feeling of unity in that geo- Gandhi used to say that economic equality should
graphical unit. imply that each on must get wealth according to his
(2) Socialism and India :- Establishment of so- needs. Therefore he raised the slogan of SARVODAYA
cialism is considered today as a matter of pride, be- along with socialism.
cause this order manifests the ruler's intention to share 3. Socialistic pattern of society as conceived for
with the common people the power and wealth of the India :- Because of various types of socialism preva-
nation. In fact, it is in itself an indication of success. lent these days, it has become almost difficult to pin-
India won its independence in August, 1947 and the point the exact shape of socialism today U.S.S.R. china
British rules life the country by handing over the con- and Yugosalavia, some of the main adherents of so-
trol of the land to the Indian National Congress which cialism, have established different social orders in their
was dominated by advocates of socialism, Mahatma respective lands. Accordingly, we find socialism to-
Gandhi the Father of the Nation, also stood for eco- day of communist variety and of fascist variety. Some
nomic and social equality of the people. The great lead- are adherents of totalitarian socialism and some of
ers of the country family believed that the very con- democratic socialism. In a way socialism has become
cept of freedom would be negated if it did not afford prone to many types of conception of society opposed
equal opportunity and equal power to the people. Thus to each other in many ways. Therefore, in this chapter
*_** Lecturer, Shree Saraswati Shikshan Mahavidhyalaya M.Ed. College, Bhutavad (Dhoraji-Gujarat)

2. 38 ‡ÊÊœ, ‚◊ˡÊÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ◊ÍÀÿÊ¢∑§Ÿ (•ãÃ⁄U⁄UÊCÔ˛UËÿ ‡ÊÊœ ¬ÁòÊ∑§Ê)—ISSN-0974-2832,Vol. II, Issue-11-12 (Dec.2009—Jan.2010)
we shall discuss only that type of socialism which the should be considered as legitimate and equal benefi-
main Indian leaders consider suitable for India. This ciaries of the same. In a socialistic society powers and
type of socialism is different from the Marx's and Lenin's means should be decentralized to the maximum extant.
conception. The Indian democratic socialism is based This decentralization should be permitted in all social,
on sarvodaya ideology. Mahatma Gandhi, the father economic, and political spheres. In the economic
of the nation, stood for a democracy based on non- sphere big industries should be converted in to small
violence, co-existence and sarvodaya (Rise of All). ones. Promotion of cottage industries will be very help-
The sarvodaya ideals are considered as most suitable ful in this direction. In the political field and in admin-
for people in India. The main aim of sarvodaya is to istrative areas the founding of gram-panchayat and
free the individual from social and economic slavery. Nagarpalikas should be considered as a need of the
For realising this principal goal along with political hour. Towards the fulfillments of this goal the 64th and
democracy it is necessary to establish economic de- 65th Amendment bill of our constitution have been
mocracy also. envisaged (as we have been already referred to above)
4.Main Characteristics of a socialistic society :- 5. The roll of education and socialistic society :-
We list below some of the main characteristics of The Indian concept of socialistic society consists of
a socialistic society. * The society should be so struc- co-operative common wealth and social and economic
tured that socialism may be established in a gradual revolution through peaceful means. Such a goal may
manner.* Regular efforts should be made for all types be realised through economic development alone. This
of production in order that poverty may be banished. is possible though the medium of education. Educa-
* All willing person should be given employment ac- tion will be effective in the following manner :
cording to need based wage, of course, due consider- (a) National Income and Education : Education
ations should be made for especially qualified persons. will be helpful in increasing the national production
* There should be no partiality in society. Each should and individual income.
get equal opportunity in social, economic and political (b) Employment and education :- Education can
spheres. * For transaction the modern society into a develop vocational efficiency of a individual. Thus
socialistic mould due restraint should be observed. In education will be helpful in developing appropriate
other would, the process of change should be gradual, vocations for all.
peaceful, democratic and non-violent. If some differ- (c) Promotion of self-dependence and education -
ence arise in the process of transformation, the same The country must be self-dependent if socialistic so-
should be resolved peacefully and democratically. * ciety has to be established. This self dependence may
The villages should be developed as community cen- be achieved by developing means of production
tres. For the prosperity of the rural people cottage and through education.
small industries should be encouraged. * Equitable (d) Decentralization of economic and political
distribution of productions should be made the dis- power :-Decentralization may be effected through pro-
tinctions existing amongst various types of classes motion of cottage industries and gram panchayat.
should be minimized. For achieving this position the Monopoly should be removed of machines may be
difference in income existing between the farmer and helpful decentralization.
the labourer at the farm, between workers and owners (e) Social and economic Equality and Education :-
of big industries, between various types of workers This quality can not be achieved through central con-
and officers, and between businessmen and their as- trol should be developed in people through educa-
sistants should be minimised. * All the natural, mate- tion.
rial and geographical means of production should be (f) Peaceful Democratic revolution and Education
wholly controlled by the nation as a whole and the :-Voluntary self-sacrifice in envisaged in sarvodaya.
whole thing should be so organized that no particular A peaceful social revolution based an democratic prin-
individual or group is allowed to monopolize the same ciples is necessary. This may be possible through edu-
for its won benefits people of all casts and classes cation alone.

3. Shodh, Samiksha aur Mulyankan (International Research Journal)—ISSN-0974-2832,Vol. II, Issue-11-12 (Dec.2009—Jan.2010) 39
(g) Priority to the lowest and most Backward :- national level. For imparting value oriented education
For establishing a sociable society, the most back- all the teachers must be involved. The environment of
ward people should be given opportunity first. Educa- the educational institutions must reflect the higher
tional facilities, too, should be extended to them first. values of life. All the activities in the institutions must
6. How can value oriented education be given :- be planned keeping in view the value which are to be
The value orientation should become the main focus grasped by the pupils.
of our educational system. In providing education for 7. The teachers responsibility for value education :-
values whole of the society should be involved. The * It is through the effort of the teachers that the
emphasis should be on moral development of the stu- right values can be inculcated among the students.
dents. According to the above-mentioned report the But for the performance of this task that teachers them-
learning process itself has a great beaning on the value selves must learn to ingest the values in their own life
orientation of children. All the activities in the school- style. The responsibility of equipping the teachers for
curriculum making, instructional techniques and evalu- value education is that of the teacher education insti-
ation etc. should be so designed that they lead to the tutions. * The success of school education can be
spontaneous that they lead to the spontaneous de- judged on the basis of two outcomes of schooling the
velopment of desirable values. Some of the other rec- test outcome and the life outcome the test outcome is
ommendations mentioned in the report are :- the knowledge which the students have acquired dur-
* All teachers in the schools should be regarded ing their courses of studies. *In modern times teach-
as teachers of value education and all subjects includ- ers have a compete with mass media for providing value
ing physical education can be used for the inculcation education and creating the school environment value
of right values. * There is a need for Producing litera- centered. The television and motion pictures many a
ture especially designed for the value orientation of times present wrong values. They show violence, sex
education. * There should be an integrated approach and alcoholisms and drug addiction which give wrong
in the value oriented educational programme. *There notion to the child. *It may, however, be noted that
should be foundation courses both at the secondary mass media can also be utilised for value education.
schools and universities among at given the children The teachers should make use to television, tape re-
basic knowledge about India, its people and cultural corder and other means to inculcator higher values. *
tradition. * There is a need for establishing a resource The national policy on Education 1986 has also laid
centre for literature on value education. *Special school emphasis on value education.* "In other culture plu-
designed for value oriented education should be es- ral society, education should faster universal and eter-
tablished every state should have a least one institu- nal values, oriented towards the unity and integration
tion which may impart value - oriented education from of our people. Such value education should help to
nursery to the post graduate level. *Special teacher eliminate obscurantism religious fanaticism, violence,
orientation programme's should be taken up at the state superstition and fatalism." * In the end we may say
level to trained teacher in the effective method of de- that value education should be directed towards higher
velopment of values among students and teachers. goals of humanism and world peace and prosperity.
*There should be a national council for discipline con- UNESO has suggested to inculcate the values of world
sisting of people who would have moral authority in peace, international understanding and unity of man-
their own right and who could guide development of kind among the students through a good system of
value equation programme. *There should be an edu- education. * What we need today is such a system of
cation for the enforcement of law. As may be noted education which may turn out the raw material in to
many of the above mentioned recommendations have finished product which is that of a complete man who
not been implemented so far. However, they give a is a practitioner of higher human values and whose life
direction for planning value oriented education at the is devoted to the service of mankind.