The document discusses different types of diabetes. It notes that type 1 diabetes occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, while type 2 diabetes occurs when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. The incidence of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes is rising, with type 2 increasingly affecting children. Impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glycaemia are also discussed as risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Weight loss: A key for prevention of type 2 DMNilly Shams
This document discusses lifestyle interventions for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. It notes that type 2 diabetes and obesity are twin epidemics linked by excess weight gain leading to insulin resistance. Lifestyle interventions focused on modest weight loss through diet and exercise have been shown to significantly reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes by as much as 58% according to studies like the Diabetes Prevention Program. Reversing type 2 diabetes may be possible for some through sustained lifestyle changes that improve insulin sensitivity.
Burden of disease analysis provides a fuller assessment of population health beyond just mortality rates. It considers the impact of morbidity and estimates the effects of years lived with illness or disability. Common measures used in burden of disease analysis include disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), which combine mortality and morbidity into a single metric. Calculating DALYs and QALYs involves defining health states, assigning weights to different states, and combining estimates of life expectancy and duration of illness. Burden of disease analysis is useful for comparing population health over time and between regions, identifying major health problems, and informing health policy and resource allocation decisions.
This document provides information about Avipsha Sengupta's class project on Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). It includes an acknowledgements section, table of contents, and abstract. The abstract indicates the project will discuss the origins and formulation of DALYs, their role in resource allocation and cost-effectiveness analysis, attempts to capture human disability, and their limitations as a health metric.
This document summarizes research on the relationship between obesity and healthcare costs in the United States. It finds that obesity rates have risen dramatically, with 69% of Americans now overweight or obese. This leads to increased healthcare spending, with obesity contributing to a 0.64% increase in costs for every 1% rise in obesity. The study uses regression analysis to examine the correlation between obesity and healthcare costs, as well as factors influencing obesity rates, using data from 2015. Key determinants of obesity discussed include education, income/poverty levels, food prices, and regional differences in costs of living.
Obesity is a leading preventable cause of death worldwide, with increasing prevalence in adults and children, and it as one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st century. Obesity increases the likelihood of various diseases, particularly heart disease, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis. Obesity is most commonly caused by a combination of excessive food energy intake, lack of physical activity, and genetic susceptibility. Dieting and physical exercise are the mainstays of treatment for obesity. Diet quality can be improved by reducing the consumption of energy-dense foods such as those high in fat and sugars, and by increasing the intake of dietary fiber. Since obesity has grown to epidemic proportions, its effective management is a very important clinical issue. Despite the great amount of scientific effort that has been put into understanding the mechanisms that lead to overconsumption and overweight, at the moment very few approaches to weight management are effective in the long term. On the other hand, modern society is also affected by the growing incidence of eating disorders on the other side of the spectrum such as anorexia and bulimia nervosa which are equally difficult to treat. This review summarizes the current available scientific literature regarding the effect of NUTREASE POWDER, The Nature’s blend of protein, Fibers, plant extracts (phytochemicals) in human appetite and body weight.
Health Promotion Strategies and Methods Third Edition is the essential guide to developing effective health programs for the Australian population. The book presents the key principles of health promotion and demonstrates how they can be applied. This new edition provides a structured approach to devising health programs by focusing on planning, development and implementation. It also clearly explains the differences in individual, group and mass population approaches to health intervention and prevention programs. This is a practical introduction for health practitioners and students in public health, health sciences, medicine, nursing and epidemiology. Key features: • thoroughly revised and updated to reflect current health practices and incorporating the latest references • focuses on developing targeted strategies and techniques • written by Australian authors who are leaders in the field • useful tips, summaries and case studies throughout • concise and accessible style.
Epidemiology of Chronic Non- communicable diseases and ConditionsSheetal Singh
This presentation focuses on the most prevailing Non- Communicable diseases of the world. It includes the problem, causes, risk factors, prevention and worldwide statistics of each disease.
This document discusses using Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) to measure the traffic-related burden of disease in California. It outlines calculating DALYs from mortality and morbidity data to quantify healthy years of life lost. Preliminary results show traffic DALYs are mostly from years of life lost, with more challenging to calculate years lost to disability. Future directions include estimating potential burden reductions from interventions like increased seatbelt or decreased alcohol-related crashes.
Weight loss: A key for prevention of type 2 DMNilly Shams
This document discusses lifestyle interventions for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. It notes that type 2 diabetes and obesity are twin epidemics linked by excess weight gain leading to insulin resistance. Lifestyle interventions focused on modest weight loss through diet and exercise have been shown to significantly reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes by as much as 58% according to studies like the Diabetes Prevention Program. Reversing type 2 diabetes may be possible for some through sustained lifestyle changes that improve insulin sensitivity.
Burden of disease analysis provides a fuller assessment of population health beyond just mortality rates. It considers the impact of morbidity and estimates the effects of years lived with illness or disability. Common measures used in burden of disease analysis include disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), which combine mortality and morbidity into a single metric. Calculating DALYs and QALYs involves defining health states, assigning weights to different states, and combining estimates of life expectancy and duration of illness. Burden of disease analysis is useful for comparing population health over time and between regions, identifying major health problems, and informing health policy and resource allocation decisions.
This document provides information about Avipsha Sengupta's class project on Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). It includes an acknowledgements section, table of contents, and abstract. The abstract indicates the project will discuss the origins and formulation of DALYs, their role in resource allocation and cost-effectiveness analysis, attempts to capture human disability, and their limitations as a health metric.
This document summarizes research on the relationship between obesity and healthcare costs in the United States. It finds that obesity rates have risen dramatically, with 69% of Americans now overweight or obese. This leads to increased healthcare spending, with obesity contributing to a 0.64% increase in costs for every 1% rise in obesity. The study uses regression analysis to examine the correlation between obesity and healthcare costs, as well as factors influencing obesity rates, using data from 2015. Key determinants of obesity discussed include education, income/poverty levels, food prices, and regional differences in costs of living.
Obesity is a leading preventable cause of death worldwide, with increasing prevalence in adults and children, and it as one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st century. Obesity increases the likelihood of various diseases, particularly heart disease, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis. Obesity is most commonly caused by a combination of excessive food energy intake, lack of physical activity, and genetic susceptibility. Dieting and physical exercise are the mainstays of treatment for obesity. Diet quality can be improved by reducing the consumption of energy-dense foods such as those high in fat and sugars, and by increasing the intake of dietary fiber. Since obesity has grown to epidemic proportions, its effective management is a very important clinical issue. Despite the great amount of scientific effort that has been put into understanding the mechanisms that lead to overconsumption and overweight, at the moment very few approaches to weight management are effective in the long term. On the other hand, modern society is also affected by the growing incidence of eating disorders on the other side of the spectrum such as anorexia and bulimia nervosa which are equally difficult to treat. This review summarizes the current available scientific literature regarding the effect of NUTREASE POWDER, The Nature’s blend of protein, Fibers, plant extracts (phytochemicals) in human appetite and body weight.
Health Promotion Strategies and Methods Third Edition is the essential guide to developing effective health programs for the Australian population. The book presents the key principles of health promotion and demonstrates how they can be applied. This new edition provides a structured approach to devising health programs by focusing on planning, development and implementation. It also clearly explains the differences in individual, group and mass population approaches to health intervention and prevention programs. This is a practical introduction for health practitioners and students in public health, health sciences, medicine, nursing and epidemiology. Key features: • thoroughly revised and updated to reflect current health practices and incorporating the latest references • focuses on developing targeted strategies and techniques • written by Australian authors who are leaders in the field • useful tips, summaries and case studies throughout • concise and accessible style.
Epidemiology of Chronic Non- communicable diseases and ConditionsSheetal Singh
This presentation focuses on the most prevailing Non- Communicable diseases of the world. It includes the problem, causes, risk factors, prevention and worldwide statistics of each disease.
This document discusses using Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) to measure the traffic-related burden of disease in California. It outlines calculating DALYs from mortality and morbidity data to quantify healthy years of life lost. Preliminary results show traffic DALYs are mostly from years of life lost, with more challenging to calculate years lost to disability. Future directions include estimating potential burden reductions from interventions like increased seatbelt or decreased alcohol-related crashes.
GHME 2013 Conference
Session: Global and national Burden of Disease IV
Date: June 18 2013
Presenter: Theo Vos
Institute:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)
University of Washington
This document provides an introduction to measuring population health using the Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) as a single metric. It describes how DALYs are calculated by adding Years of Life Lost (YLL) due to premature mortality and Years Lived with Disability (YLD) for prevalent cases of disease and injury. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, led by several organizations, estimates DALYs for 291 diseases, 1160 sequelae, and 220 health states in 187 countries to quantify population health gaps compared to an ideal standard. This allows comparison of disease burden over time, between locations, and for different diseases and risk factors.
The document outlines the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study. It describes the study's goal of producing new estimates of disease burden. It details the organizational structure, including expert groups organized into clusters. Mortality is estimated through various data sources using Gaussian Process Regression to synthesize estimates. Causes of death are analyzed using over 5,000 country-years of data from various sources, which are cleaned and mapped to different classification lists.
Malimu nutrition related non communicable diseasesMiharbi Ignasm
This document discusses nutrition-related non-communicable diseases (NR-NCDs), which are chronic illnesses resulting from altered dietary patterns and lifestyles. It outlines the major NR-NCDs like obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and some cancers. Risk factors associated with these diseases include diets high in fat, sugar and salt, physical inactivity, tobacco use, and genetics. The prevention of NR-NCDs involves education promoting healthy eating and living, screening populations, and policy measures to encourage physical activity and limit unhealthy foods.
This document summarizes key concepts related to social inequalities in health. It discusses health inequality versus health inequity, providing definitions and noting that inequity refers to differences that are unfair or unjust. Several theories are presented to explain the origins of health inequities, including artefact explanations, natural/social selection, materialist/structuralist explanations, and cultural/behavioral explanations. Evidence is also reviewed relating socioeconomic factors like income and education to differences in access to dental services and oral health outcomes.
- DALY (disability-adjusted life year) is a measure that quantifies overall disease burden, expressed as years lost due to ill-health, disability or early death. It is calculated as the sum of years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLL) and years lost due to disability (YLD) for a particular disease or health condition. DALY was developed by the World Health Organization and World Bank to help set priorities for health research and interventions. India's leading causes of DALY are ischemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and diarrheal diseases.
The document discusses the growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in India. It notes that NCDs now account for over 60% of deaths in India and this proportion is projected to increase further. The major NCDs affecting India are cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases. The rising burden is linked to lifestyle changes like increasing tobacco use, unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, and urbanization. Managing NCDs poses challenges for India's healthcare system due to the country's large population and diversity.
This document discusses global disease burden and methods for measuring and comparing the impacts of different diseases. It introduces the Global Burden of Disease database developed by Harvard University to assess overall health loss from diseases, injuries, and risk factors using metrics like disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). DALYs consider both years of life lost due to premature mortality and years lost due to disability. The document provides examples of DALY calculations and shows data on leading causes of death and disease burden globally and in different country income levels. It discusses trends over time in life expectancy, causes of death, and population growth.
This review paper examines evidence on dietary and other factors that influence weight gain and obesity at the population level. It finds convincing evidence that regular physical activity and high fiber intake protect against obesity, while sedentary lifestyles and consumption of calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods increase obesity risk. It recommends a range of strategies to address obesity, including making healthy foods more available, limiting marketing of unhealthy foods to children, promoting active transportation, and improving health services and messaging around nutrition and physical activity. Comprehensive programs are needed to reverse obesity epidemic trends affecting both rich and poor countries.
This document provides an overview of measuring the burden of disease. It discusses the evolution of summary measures of population health, including health expectancies like HALE and QALE, and health gaps like DALYs. The Global Burden of Disease study is introduced, which developed the DALY measure. DALYs combine years of life lost to premature mortality and years lived with disability. The document explains how DALYs are calculated, including incorporating social values through disability weights, age weights, and time discounting. Criticisms of the GBD methodology and DALY measure are also summarized.
This document discusses chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and lifestyle diseases in India. It notes that NCDs contribute to 62% of disease burden and 52% of deaths in India. Urbanization and industrialization are changing lifestyle behaviors like diet and physical activity that increase risk factors for NCDs. Obesity is a common expression of unhealthy diet and lack of physical activity, and its prevalence is increasing globally and in India. The document discusses causes, types, quantification, and health hazards of obesity as well as strategies for its prevention and treatment through diet and lifestyle modification.
Non-Communicable Diseases and Lifestyle-Related DiseasesWilma Beralde
This document discusses non-communicable diseases (NCDs) or lifestyle-related diseases in the Philippines. It identifies the four major NCDs as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and diabetes. These diseases share common risk factors like smoking, poor diet, physical inactivity, and obesity. The document provides details on the epidemiology, symptoms, risk factors, screening guidelines, and prevention strategies for hypertension, diabetes, cancers, and other NCDs. It emphasizes that healthy lifestyle changes can help prevent and manage NCDs.
Health inequalities refer to preventable differences in health status between different population groups. They are caused by a complex mix of social, economic, and environmental factors like income, education, employment, living conditions, and access to healthcare. People in lower socioeconomic positions face higher risks of poor health and earlier death. Reducing health inequalities is important because they are unfair, affect society as a whole, are avoidable through policy changes, and some interventions can reduce inequalities in a cost-effective manner. Several government reports over the decades, including the Black Report, Acheson Report, Wanless Report, and Marmot Report, have investigated health inequalities in the UK and made recommendations to address their social determinants and
Sedentary behavior and inactivity physiology slideshare presentationyannisguerra
This document discusses the negative health effects of sedentary behavior and inactivity. It defines sedentary behavior as activities that involve little physical movement and low energy expenditure (less than or equal to 1.5 METs), including sitting, watching TV, and driving. The document summarizes evidence that sedentary behavior and physical inactivity are associated with increased risk of chronic diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease, independent of exercise levels. It also discusses non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT), which decreases with physical inactivity, as a major factor contributing to weight gain and metabolic issues when sedentary levels increase in modern society.
Prevalence of noncommunicable diseases in indiaSujay Iyer
The ICMR-INDIAB study found high prevalences of noncommunicable diseases in India, with nearly two-thirds of individuals estimated to have diabetes or prediabetes. Results showed the highest diabetes prevalence was in Tamil Nadu (10.4%) and Chandigarh (13.6%), while obesity was most common in Chandigarh (31.3%). Hypertension prevalence was highest in Tamil Nadu (27.6%) and dyslipidemia affected nearly 80% of the population overall. Less than a third of individuals exhibited good glycemic control, highlighting the need for improved disease management and prevention through increased physical activity and healthier diets.
The document discusses the regional health situation in Sri Lanka and outlines several key challenges: strengthening the health system; promoting healthy lifestyles; addressing environmental health issues; preventing and controlling communicable and non-communicable diseases. It notes the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases like diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Statistics on the prevalence of these conditions in Sri Lanka are provided over time, demonstrating the growing epidemic. The roles of risk factors, lifestyle changes, and the health system in addressing this transition are examined.
Global burden of non communicable diseasesNayyar Kazmi
Non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and respiratory diseases are on the rise globally due to rapid urbanization, industrialization, and changes to diets and lifestyles. Key risk factors fueling the increase in non-communicable diseases include tobacco use, alcohol abuse, unhealthy diets, obesity, and physical inactivity as a result of modernization and globalization trends over the past few decades. Common non-communicable diseases mentioned in the document are cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, tobacco use, alcohol and drug dependency, obesity, asthma, and mental health problems.
This document is a term paper submitted by students of the Bachelor of Public Health program at La Grande International College in Nepal on the topic of the prevalence of non-communicable diseases. It provides background information on NCDs including risk factors. Global data shows NCDs account for 60% of deaths worldwide, with 80% occurring in low- and middle-income countries. In Nepal, NCDs account for 42% of all deaths currently and are projected to cause 66.3% of deaths by 2030. The term paper analyzes NCD prevalence in Nepal and compares communicable to non-communicable disease burdens. It also examines Nepal's NCD policies and strategies.
1) The document discusses the epidemiology of aging, including definitions of aging and key demographic trends. It notes that the world's population over age 60 will more than double by 2050 to over 2 billion people.
2) The biology of aging is complex and involves physical, psychological, and social changes in individuals over time. Theories of aging include mutation accumulation, antagonistic pleiotropy, and the disposable soma theory.
3) Mechanisms of aging at the cellular level include cell turnover and senescence, telomere shortening, oxidative stress, and changes in nutrient sensing pathways over time. Senescent cells can promote inflammation as they cease dividing.
The Burden of Disease: Data analysis, interpretation and linear regressionAmanDesai8
Decades of data about the global burden of disease (measured in disability-adjusted life years) were cleaned, interpreted and visualised. After this, a linear regression was done to create a model that can predict (up to an accuracy of 85.7%) the burden of disease in the future, adjustable to changes in demographics, health systems, diet, education, and so on.
This presentation was created as a group project during the Business Analytics course at London Business School.
El documento hace un llamado a favor de la paz mundial. Argumenta que el mundo está en guerra y en duelo. Pide que este mensaje sea traducido a todas las lenguas para que todos, sin distinción, puedan participar en la gran petición por la paz y para que la paz prevalezca sobre todas las cosas en nuestro planeta. Anima a reenviar el mensaje para difundir el mensaje de paz.
GHME 2013 Conference
Session: Global and national Burden of Disease IV
Date: June 18 2013
Presenter: Theo Vos
Institute:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)
University of Washington
This document provides an introduction to measuring population health using the Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) as a single metric. It describes how DALYs are calculated by adding Years of Life Lost (YLL) due to premature mortality and Years Lived with Disability (YLD) for prevalent cases of disease and injury. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, led by several organizations, estimates DALYs for 291 diseases, 1160 sequelae, and 220 health states in 187 countries to quantify population health gaps compared to an ideal standard. This allows comparison of disease burden over time, between locations, and for different diseases and risk factors.
The document outlines the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study. It describes the study's goal of producing new estimates of disease burden. It details the organizational structure, including expert groups organized into clusters. Mortality is estimated through various data sources using Gaussian Process Regression to synthesize estimates. Causes of death are analyzed using over 5,000 country-years of data from various sources, which are cleaned and mapped to different classification lists.
Malimu nutrition related non communicable diseasesMiharbi Ignasm
This document discusses nutrition-related non-communicable diseases (NR-NCDs), which are chronic illnesses resulting from altered dietary patterns and lifestyles. It outlines the major NR-NCDs like obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and some cancers. Risk factors associated with these diseases include diets high in fat, sugar and salt, physical inactivity, tobacco use, and genetics. The prevention of NR-NCDs involves education promoting healthy eating and living, screening populations, and policy measures to encourage physical activity and limit unhealthy foods.
This document summarizes key concepts related to social inequalities in health. It discusses health inequality versus health inequity, providing definitions and noting that inequity refers to differences that are unfair or unjust. Several theories are presented to explain the origins of health inequities, including artefact explanations, natural/social selection, materialist/structuralist explanations, and cultural/behavioral explanations. Evidence is also reviewed relating socioeconomic factors like income and education to differences in access to dental services and oral health outcomes.
- DALY (disability-adjusted life year) is a measure that quantifies overall disease burden, expressed as years lost due to ill-health, disability or early death. It is calculated as the sum of years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLL) and years lost due to disability (YLD) for a particular disease or health condition. DALY was developed by the World Health Organization and World Bank to help set priorities for health research and interventions. India's leading causes of DALY are ischemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and diarrheal diseases.
The document discusses the growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in India. It notes that NCDs now account for over 60% of deaths in India and this proportion is projected to increase further. The major NCDs affecting India are cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases. The rising burden is linked to lifestyle changes like increasing tobacco use, unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, and urbanization. Managing NCDs poses challenges for India's healthcare system due to the country's large population and diversity.
This document discusses global disease burden and methods for measuring and comparing the impacts of different diseases. It introduces the Global Burden of Disease database developed by Harvard University to assess overall health loss from diseases, injuries, and risk factors using metrics like disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). DALYs consider both years of life lost due to premature mortality and years lost due to disability. The document provides examples of DALY calculations and shows data on leading causes of death and disease burden globally and in different country income levels. It discusses trends over time in life expectancy, causes of death, and population growth.
This review paper examines evidence on dietary and other factors that influence weight gain and obesity at the population level. It finds convincing evidence that regular physical activity and high fiber intake protect against obesity, while sedentary lifestyles and consumption of calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods increase obesity risk. It recommends a range of strategies to address obesity, including making healthy foods more available, limiting marketing of unhealthy foods to children, promoting active transportation, and improving health services and messaging around nutrition and physical activity. Comprehensive programs are needed to reverse obesity epidemic trends affecting both rich and poor countries.
This document provides an overview of measuring the burden of disease. It discusses the evolution of summary measures of population health, including health expectancies like HALE and QALE, and health gaps like DALYs. The Global Burden of Disease study is introduced, which developed the DALY measure. DALYs combine years of life lost to premature mortality and years lived with disability. The document explains how DALYs are calculated, including incorporating social values through disability weights, age weights, and time discounting. Criticisms of the GBD methodology and DALY measure are also summarized.
This document discusses chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and lifestyle diseases in India. It notes that NCDs contribute to 62% of disease burden and 52% of deaths in India. Urbanization and industrialization are changing lifestyle behaviors like diet and physical activity that increase risk factors for NCDs. Obesity is a common expression of unhealthy diet and lack of physical activity, and its prevalence is increasing globally and in India. The document discusses causes, types, quantification, and health hazards of obesity as well as strategies for its prevention and treatment through diet and lifestyle modification.
Non-Communicable Diseases and Lifestyle-Related DiseasesWilma Beralde
This document discusses non-communicable diseases (NCDs) or lifestyle-related diseases in the Philippines. It identifies the four major NCDs as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and diabetes. These diseases share common risk factors like smoking, poor diet, physical inactivity, and obesity. The document provides details on the epidemiology, symptoms, risk factors, screening guidelines, and prevention strategies for hypertension, diabetes, cancers, and other NCDs. It emphasizes that healthy lifestyle changes can help prevent and manage NCDs.
Health inequalities refer to preventable differences in health status between different population groups. They are caused by a complex mix of social, economic, and environmental factors like income, education, employment, living conditions, and access to healthcare. People in lower socioeconomic positions face higher risks of poor health and earlier death. Reducing health inequalities is important because they are unfair, affect society as a whole, are avoidable through policy changes, and some interventions can reduce inequalities in a cost-effective manner. Several government reports over the decades, including the Black Report, Acheson Report, Wanless Report, and Marmot Report, have investigated health inequalities in the UK and made recommendations to address their social determinants and
Sedentary behavior and inactivity physiology slideshare presentationyannisguerra
This document discusses the negative health effects of sedentary behavior and inactivity. It defines sedentary behavior as activities that involve little physical movement and low energy expenditure (less than or equal to 1.5 METs), including sitting, watching TV, and driving. The document summarizes evidence that sedentary behavior and physical inactivity are associated with increased risk of chronic diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease, independent of exercise levels. It also discusses non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT), which decreases with physical inactivity, as a major factor contributing to weight gain and metabolic issues when sedentary levels increase in modern society.
Prevalence of noncommunicable diseases in indiaSujay Iyer
The ICMR-INDIAB study found high prevalences of noncommunicable diseases in India, with nearly two-thirds of individuals estimated to have diabetes or prediabetes. Results showed the highest diabetes prevalence was in Tamil Nadu (10.4%) and Chandigarh (13.6%), while obesity was most common in Chandigarh (31.3%). Hypertension prevalence was highest in Tamil Nadu (27.6%) and dyslipidemia affected nearly 80% of the population overall. Less than a third of individuals exhibited good glycemic control, highlighting the need for improved disease management and prevention through increased physical activity and healthier diets.
The document discusses the regional health situation in Sri Lanka and outlines several key challenges: strengthening the health system; promoting healthy lifestyles; addressing environmental health issues; preventing and controlling communicable and non-communicable diseases. It notes the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases like diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Statistics on the prevalence of these conditions in Sri Lanka are provided over time, demonstrating the growing epidemic. The roles of risk factors, lifestyle changes, and the health system in addressing this transition are examined.
Global burden of non communicable diseasesNayyar Kazmi
Non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and respiratory diseases are on the rise globally due to rapid urbanization, industrialization, and changes to diets and lifestyles. Key risk factors fueling the increase in non-communicable diseases include tobacco use, alcohol abuse, unhealthy diets, obesity, and physical inactivity as a result of modernization and globalization trends over the past few decades. Common non-communicable diseases mentioned in the document are cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, tobacco use, alcohol and drug dependency, obesity, asthma, and mental health problems.
This document is a term paper submitted by students of the Bachelor of Public Health program at La Grande International College in Nepal on the topic of the prevalence of non-communicable diseases. It provides background information on NCDs including risk factors. Global data shows NCDs account for 60% of deaths worldwide, with 80% occurring in low- and middle-income countries. In Nepal, NCDs account for 42% of all deaths currently and are projected to cause 66.3% of deaths by 2030. The term paper analyzes NCD prevalence in Nepal and compares communicable to non-communicable disease burdens. It also examines Nepal's NCD policies and strategies.
1) The document discusses the epidemiology of aging, including definitions of aging and key demographic trends. It notes that the world's population over age 60 will more than double by 2050 to over 2 billion people.
2) The biology of aging is complex and involves physical, psychological, and social changes in individuals over time. Theories of aging include mutation accumulation, antagonistic pleiotropy, and the disposable soma theory.
3) Mechanisms of aging at the cellular level include cell turnover and senescence, telomere shortening, oxidative stress, and changes in nutrient sensing pathways over time. Senescent cells can promote inflammation as they cease dividing.
The Burden of Disease: Data analysis, interpretation and linear regressionAmanDesai8
Decades of data about the global burden of disease (measured in disability-adjusted life years) were cleaned, interpreted and visualised. After this, a linear regression was done to create a model that can predict (up to an accuracy of 85.7%) the burden of disease in the future, adjustable to changes in demographics, health systems, diet, education, and so on.
This presentation was created as a group project during the Business Analytics course at London Business School.
El documento hace un llamado a favor de la paz mundial. Argumenta que el mundo está en guerra y en duelo. Pide que este mensaje sea traducido a todas las lenguas para que todos, sin distinción, puedan participar en la gran petición por la paz y para que la paz prevalezca sobre todas las cosas en nuestro planeta. Anima a reenviar el mensaje para difundir el mensaje de paz.
Union Station is a major transportation hub in Washington D.C. that connects various rail lines and services. However, some of the signage in the large complex can be confusing for travelers trying to navigate where to go. Clear wayfinding is important for visitors and commuters to easily understand how to get from one part of the station to another.
How the law protects investment in technology - trade secrets, patents, desig...Jane Lambert
On Wednesday 27 Nov 2013 I addressed a seminar on trade secrets, patents, copyrights, design rights, semiconductor topographies and plant varieties. Although I delivered my talk without slides I have prepare these as an aide mémoire for those who attended the talk. They are supplemented by an accompanying handout.
Patent law developed during the industrial revolution when technology meant new products and processes but it now includes software, data, silicon chips and new plant and seed varieties. Consequently patents are fine for protecting developments in manufacturing but not quite so good protecting the new information based industries.
In addition to my overview of these rights I discussed the advantages and disadvantages of patents as opposed to trade secrets law. I suggested a simple IP strategy for most and discussed enforcement.
The document outlines an assignment to create a presentation on diabetes prevalence using the Health Belief Model. It will include information on incidence, prevalence, high-risk groups, demographics of those affected. An overview of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention stages and how the model can be applied to improve diabetes management will also be provided.
Diabetes Evidence Based Practice Paper.pdfsdfghj21
The document discusses using an evidence-based practice paper to improve population health outcomes for diabetes. It recommends explaining how evidence-based practices could better manage diabetes and provide a higher return on investment. The Health Belief Model is presented as a framework to help those with diabetes manage their condition through behavior change. Specifically, it could encourage self-care behaviors important for chronic disease management.
This document discusses health education intervention strategies for preventing and managing diabetes. It describes the different types of diabetes, including type 1, type 2, gestational diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and pre-diabetes. The causes of diabetes are discussed, including genetics and lifestyle factors like obesity and lack of exercise. Health education strategies are recommended to increase awareness of diabetes symptoms and management through programs run by health agencies.
Approach to Support Diabetes through Data Visualization DivyaBastola
Used Tableau to created a Geo-map by zip codes, Bar chart by sex and race, and another Bar chart by age to display the dense of diabetes prevalence in 17 zip codes of North Texas.
Literature Review is conducted to demonstrate the reduction of hyperglycemia events after the implementation of an inpatient multidisciplinary glucose control management program.
Created Info-graphic to exhibit the ways to manage diabetes through education, counseling, meal/diet, and exercise and potential comorbidities in the diabetic patient that undergoes surgeries.
Khizar HayatPublic Health FoundationType two diabetesAssessmen.docxcroysierkathey
Khizar Hayat Public Health Foundation Type two diabetes
Assessment Coversheet and Feedback Form
Faculty of….
School of….
First Marker Name:
Aldo Mussi
First Marker Signature:
AM
Date:
Jan’20
Feedback: General comments on the quality of the work, its successes and where it could be improved
Hi Khizar - Thank you for submitting your work.
However, there are a number of things which must be strengthened to bring it up to Level 7 standard.
Right from the background, good, recent sources are often lacking, and your exploration of causes is far too brief (Indeed, you don’t even refer to a basic ‘energy in – energy out’ equation for T2D). Your selection of interventions appears arbitrary and poorly supported, with no real attempt to examine ‘Health-Evidence-People’. Crucially, for Level 7 work, some attempt at critical analysis is needed.
You could use your Beattie model to analyse the interventions, and your ethics discussion should apply a framework to those interventions. The policy discussion should examine a current government example.
A number of whole paragraphs are without a source, so you referencing needs serious attention.
Provisional Uncapped Mark Marks will be capped if this was a late submission or resit assessment and may be moderated up or down by the examination board.
37 %
Feed Forward: How to apply the feedback to future submissions
Please arrange a tutorial to debrief this feedback, and seek support from the Centre for Academic Success.
Table of Content
Contents
INTRODUCTION 4
BACKGROUND 4
PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTIONS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES 6
Beattie’s Model of Health Promotion 10
ETHICS 11
HISTORY AND POLICY FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES INTERVENTIONS 12
CONCLUSION 12
REFERENCES 13
Type two Diabetes and Public HealthINTRODUCTION
Type 2 Diabetes was chosen to be the topic of discussion in this assignment as it is a common type of diabetes, making it a public health issue. This occurs when the blood sugar level has surpassed the normal level, basically the blood sugar, comes from the food eaten and I is the main source of energy needed to run our bodies. Whereby hormones made by the pancreas and insulin aids the glucose to get into our body cells to provide the energy needed. The connection comes in whereby the glucose or blood sugar level is much more than needed which makes the insulin not to be enough or the insulin that is present is not used well. Basically, that is the general description of type two diabetes. Therefore, the result is that too much sugar remains in the blood and the cells lack enough to run the body on a daily basis. This type of diabetes mainly affects people of every age, it cannot be considered as a condition for only people. This type of diabetes affects at every age even age childhood. Comment by Aldo Mussi: Rethink this (with Refs).
But generally, it affects most people who are middle aged and older people, especially under predisposing aspects such as family history of diabetes and obesity. Based on demo ...
1) Obesity is an unhealthy accumulation of body fat that is seen as a metabolic/nutritional disease in the United States. It is associated with numerous health risks like congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and type 2 diabetes.
2) Obesity rates have significantly increased in both adults and children in America in recent decades. It is estimated that 60 million American adults and 9 million children are obese. Obesity is linked to increased risk of diseases like cancer and heart disease.
3) Treatment of obesity involves lifestyle changes like diet, exercise, and behavior modification. Medications and weight loss surgeries are also used but come with risks. Common bariatric surgeries include gastric bypass
1. The document discusses nursing interventions for elderly patients with diabetes, including nutrition and hydration, physical activity, stress management, fall prevention, foot care, and medication management.
2. Key nursing interventions include maintaining hydration and nutrition despite changes in appetite or digestion, incorporating exercise to preserve mobility and prevent injuries from falls, and assisting with medication administration when needed due to physical impairments.
3. The needs of elderly diabetes patients are complex due to various age-related physical and cognitive changes, so nursing care requires a holistic approach addressing medical, psychological, social, and environmental factors.
Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mallitus A Focus on Physical Activity and Lifes...YogeshIJTSRD
Diabetes is a costly disease affecting 387 million individuals globally and 28 million in the United States. Its precursor, prediabetes, Exercise is important to help prevent type 2 diabetes and has so many other benefits. It can help you keep lost weight off, and improve your heart health, and if you’re insulin resistant, it can help increase your bodys response to insulin exercise so you will have better blood glucose control. Drinking water throughout the day is always good to keep your organs and skin healthy. Of course, getting some fluid before, during and after exercise is just as important to avoid becoming dehydrated. Laxmi Kumari Yadav "Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mallitus: A Focus on Physical Activity and Lifestyle Changes" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43839.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/43839/prevention-of-type-2-diabetes-mallitus-a-focus-on-physical-activity-and-lifestyle-changes/laxmi-kumari-yadav
This document discusses obesity and related topics including definitions, causes, and health impacts. It defines obesity as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents health risks. Obesity is generally caused by consuming more calories than are expended through exercise and physical activity. The document also reviews several related studies that examine trends in obesity prevalence and factors influencing obesity rates among populations in different regions and socioeconomic groups.
INTRODUCTION, WHAT IS OBESITY, CLASSIFICATION OF OBESITY, MEASUREMENT OF OBESITY, BODY COMPOSITION AND FAT DISTRIBUTION, PREVALENCE OF OBESITY, HEALTH RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY.
ETIOLOY OF OBESITY, PATHOGENESIS OF OBESITY,
INTERELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OBESITY AND PERIODONTITIS, OBESITY AND DENTAL PRACTICE
THERAPY FOR OBESITY
A correlation study to determine the effect of diabetes self management on di...Kurt Naugles M.D., M.P.H.
This document is a literature review for a study examining the effect of diabetes self-management on health outcomes. It provides background on diabetes, discussing the different types (type 1, type 2, gestational), symptoms, diagnostic criteria, and epidemiology. Diabetes is a major public health issue, affecting over 26 million Americans and being the 7th leading cause of death. The study aims to examine the role self-management plays in health outcomes for those living with diabetes.
THE NUTRITION THERAPY IN DIABETIC PATIENTS: A REVIEWPARUL UNIVERSITY
Diabetes Mellitus is one of the leading metabolic disorders in the world with many complications. The
management of Diabetes Mellitus can prevent many chronic diseases like stroke, myocardial infarction, diabetic
nephropathy, neuropathy and obesity. An appropriate dietary changes and lifestyle changes have proven to be
effective in the preventing and management of this disorder.Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) is an essential
component of diabetes management that comprises counseling and recommendations for dietary intake and nutrition
goals by a registered dietician (RD) or a nutrition expert to optimize metabolic control and maximize treatment
outcomes. The designing of the diet according to the nutrional needs of an individual and regular monitoring by a
dietician can provide effective results in the management. The counseling with the patient provides the detailed
information about the diet and the modifications in the diet can be made according to the age, weight, glucose level
and physical activity. The desired goal of the blood pressure, blood glucose, triglycerides can be achieved by
following the diet plan.
This document discusses diabetes prevention and control strategies in Pakistan. It recommends taking an integrated population and high-risk approach. The population approach involves reducing risks for all ages through school health initiatives and keeping obesity levels low. The high-risk approach focuses on intensified screening of high-risk groups and education on risk reduction and management. Key strategies proposed include lifestyle changes like healthy diet, exercise and weight control; early diagnosis through affordable testing; treatment through blood sugar and risk factor control; and multilevel prevention programs targeting all sectors.
This document discusses diabetes, including the different types, causes, risk factors, management, treatment, and prevention. It provides statistics on the growing prevalence of diabetes in the United States and the economic and public health burden associated with the disease. The document also outlines innovative strategies and emerging technologies for managing diabetes.
"Empowered Living with Diabetes: Navigating the Path to Wellness" is an indispensable guide for individuals seeking comprehensive knowledge and practical strategies for effectively managing diabetes. Written by Dr. Olivia Mitchell, a renowned expert in the field of diabetes management, this book offers a holistic approach to understanding and navigating the complexities of diabetes.
From the introductory chapters that provide a thorough overview of diabetes and its various types, to the detailed discussions on prevention, management, and coexisting conditions, this book covers it all. With clarity and expertise, Dr. Mitchell delves into topics such as blood glucose monitoring, medication management, healthy eating, physical activity, stress management, and the emotional well-being of individuals with diabetes.
Through insightful chapters that address common comorbidities associated with diabetes, readers will gain valuable knowledge on how to effectively manage cardiovascular health, hypertension, kidney disease, eye complications, nerve damage, and mental health concerns. Practical tips, evidence-based recommendations, and real-life examples provide readers with the tools needed to take control of their health and embrace a life of empowerment.
Furthermore, this book offers guidance for navigating special occasions, traveling with diabetes, and staying motivated while overcoming challenges. Dr. Mitchell emphasizes the importance of a supportive environment, self-advocacy, and the power of a positive mindset in achieving long-term success in diabetes management.
"Empowered Living with Diabetes" is not just a guidebook, but a source of inspiration and empowerment for individuals living with diabetes. Dr. Olivia Mitchell's expertise and compassionate approach create a valuable resource that will help readers develop the skills, knowledge, and confidence to thrive while managing their condition.
Whether you are newly diagnosed, have been living with diabetes for years, or are a caregiver or healthcare professional seeking comprehensive insights, this book is an invaluable companion on your journey towards wellness and empowerment. With its practical advice, empowering strategies, and the belief that a fulfilling life with diabetes is possible, "Empowered Living with Diabetes" will guide you towards a healthier, happier, and more empowered future.
This document discusses diabetes, including types, prevalence, risk factors, and the role of psychology in prevention and treatment. It covers:
- Types 1 and 2 diabetes, risk factors for each type, and prevalence rates globally and in Pakistan.
- Common mental health comorbidities like depression and anxiety that occur with diabetes and impact self-management. Screening tools and diagnosing psychiatric disorders in diabetic patients are discussed.
- Behavioral and psychological interventions for diabetes prevention and management, including lifestyle changes, motivational factors, problem-solving skills, and social support. Models of behavior change and common intervention strategies are outlined.
This document provides an overview of diabetes, including:
- Diabetes is a metabolic disease where the body does not properly process glucose due to not producing or responding to the hormone insulin.
- There are three main types of diabetes: type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes.
- Risk factors include family history, age, lifestyle, and ethnicity. Symptoms include frequent urination, thirst, and weight changes.
- Complications can include kidney damage, heart disease, eye problems, and limb amputation if not properly managed.
- Diagnosis involves blood glucose testing and management involves monitoring levels and lifestyle changes like diet and exercise.
This document provides an overview of diabetes mellitus (DM). It defines DM as a chronic condition characterized by high blood glucose levels due to defects in insulin production or action. The document discusses the causes, risk factors, types (type 1, type 2, gestational, pre-diabetes), symptoms, complications, trends, and management of DM, including through prevention, treatment, nutrition, medication, exercise, and blood glucose monitoring. It also provides details on insulin action and the differences between type 1 and type 2 DM.
The document summarizes 5 research articles related to diabetes. It discusses the purpose, background, methods, subjects, data collection and analysis, and conclusions of each study. The first study examined pregnant women's knowledge of gestational diabetes prevention. The second looked at factors influencing insulin initiation in UK adults with diabetes. The third evaluated the relationship between continuous glucose monitoring and type 1 diabetes management. The fourth assessed the link between vitamin D intake and risk of type 1 diabetes in infants. The fifth studied the association between erectile dysfunction and glycemic control in men with type 2 diabetes.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Versio
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
1. The World Health Organisation defines Diabetes as quot;... a chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough
insulin, or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it producesquot; (World Health Organisation on-line 2008a). It goes on to
suggest that it accounts for 5% of global deaths annually and that 80% of diabetic are inhabitants of low or moderate income
countries. The Organisation elsewhere differentiates between type one diabetes, where insufficient insulin to support life is excrete,
type two, where inappropriate somatic responses to insulin production and Impaired Glucose Tollerance and impaired fasting
glycaemia where blood glucose is raised but to below that which would be indicate a diabetic diagnosis.
There are several types of Diabetes. Historically, Diabetes Mellitus tended to be classified by depending on insulin administration
or the lack of it. In more recent times, it is accepted the disease is more complex. Type 1 Diabetes refers to
Type 2 refers to where insulin is produce which
This has previously been referred to as Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus as well as Maturity Onset Diabetes Mellitus. The
latter name has been challenged as the number of individuals under 16 is now significantly
Because the symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus type 2, individuals may be going undetected. On a global scale, this could include
In the United Kingdom, the quot;missing Millionquot; is the subject of some debate. This, until now, could have included Jack.
This could have many implication as individuals may not have any idea that, as they have no symptoms, that they are do not have
the disease and so do not feel that they need to alter any
2. Pre-diabetis, also referred to Metabolic Syndrome and formally called Glucose Intolerance in now the subject of much research.
Diabetes Insidus is a condition which is not related to insulin production and is
The symptoms with which Jack could be presenting numerous. These could include the passing of large volumes of undiluted urine
(polyuria) and an excessive thirst (polydipsia) (Marib and Hoehn, 2007). Both these symptoms are caused by hyperglycaemia in
that the excessive glucose in the blood has an osmotic effect on the kidney tubule inhibiting them reabsorbing water that thus
causes vast quantities of urine which then results in reduced circulating volume causing dehydration which activates the
hypothalamic thirst centres causing polydipsia. As the large ammounts of glucose can not enter cells as insulin is not fascilitating
this, the lack of energy causes hunger (polyphagia). The NHS Direct Website (2008) mentions also that tiredness, and less
commonly genital itching, frequent Thrush infections and blurred vision
Jack exhibits a number of demographic and lifestyle factors which may affect his disease experience. Smoking tabacco can result
in vascular compromiseation can compund the changes which are caused by Diabetes Mellitus
3. The aim of this assignment is to
allow you an opportunity to
examine public health and health
promotion concepts relevant to
adult nursing practice.
1. explain how the
particular health need has
been identified using
demographic and
epidemiological data to
support your discussion
2. apply health promotion
theory to explore
possible health
promoting activities
3. identify possible
evaluation methods to
demonstrate the
effectiveness of health
promotion interventions
This discussion will based upon a scenario involving Jack Ford,72, who
presents to his General Practioner with the symptoms of diabetes (see appedix
1). Jack has several demographicand lifestyle factors which will affect his
disease experience, some of which are changable and some which are not. A
Intro: Identify the scenario and
discussion of the types of diabetes will be followed by an investigation into
outline the particular aspects you
will be exploring (250 words) some of the demographic and epidemiological factors that are pertinent to
diabetes and Jack's situation. The focus of this discussion will be to explore how
the risk factor of obesity can impact upon the development of this disease and
how its reduction of weight can significantly improve the health and lifes tyle of
of an individual who finds themselves in this situation.
Three degrees of helath promotion have been identified. Primary health
promotion pertains to that which is undertaken to prevention of the
commencement of health consequense occuring. This is exemplified as health
eating campagnes in schools which can help to decrease the onset of diabetes ().
Secondary health promotional activity aims to prevent any adverse health
consequence from deteriating further. This would include teaching foot care
techniques to newly diagnosed diabetics. Tertiary health promotion is
concerned with
DESMOND (Diabetes Education and Self-Management for Ongoing and
Newly Diagnosed) is a national education program taylored for individuals with
Diabetes type 2. Being primarily pioloted by 15 English Primary Care Trusts
(PCTs) from 2004 and is now being tested via a 1000 subject randomised
control trial in selected English and Scotish PCTs.
Taking its lead from the National Institute for Health and Clinicle Excelence
4. guidance
Jack is affected by several National Service frameworks. These include those
for Elderly People,
Body Mass index (BMI), the calcuation of weight divided by height squared,
has been widely used as an indicator of obsesity, normal weight and under
weight. It is one of the factors that is included in several nutritional scores. It
can provide a basic analogue of whether any weight management activities need
to be implicated. However, it is limited in that it does not take into account any
risk factors. Moreover, there is now much research which brings into question
the validity of BMI. Waist measurement is now bieing mooted as a more
reliable predictor of risk with regard to weight.
The NMC (2008) call for Registrants to be non-judgemental in the Code for
asdfasfsadfs. However, much has been written about prejoritive attitudes of
Nurses and other health care professionals.
If
The NMC (2008) call for Registrants to be non-judgemental in the Code for
asdfasfsadfs. However, much has been written about prejoritive attitudes of
Nurses and other health care professionals
5. Diabetes Mellitus- 09:39
The incidence of diabetes is increasing in all age groups. .... Welcome to
DiabetesUK. Acknowledgements EMIS is grateful to Dr Hayley Willacy for
writing ...
www.patient.co.uk/showdoc/40000914/ - 57k - Cached - Similar pages - Note
this
Rising Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in Children in the U.K....
Rising Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in Children in the U.K.. Linda Haines,
MSC1, Kay Chong Wan, DPHIL1, Richard Lynn, MSC1, Timothy G. Barrett,
...
care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/30/5/1097 - Similar pages - Note
this
[PDF]
Diabetes: State of the Nations 2006
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - View as HTML
areas of Diabetes UK: early identification of. diabetes, psychological and
emotional ...... Rising incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes in children ...
www.diabetes.org.uk/Documents/Reports/SOTN2006_full.pdf - Similar pages -
Note this
NLH - Diabetes - Incidence and prevalence of diabetes
10 Jun 2007 ... Numerous studies have shown that there is a rising incidence
of diabetes and it's complications in all age groups, both in the UK and ...
www.library.nhs.uk/diabetes/ViewResource.aspx?resID=261624 -67k -
Cached - Similar pages - Note this
[PDF]
NHS Diabetes
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - View as HTML
Incidence of new ischaemic heart disease in Type 2. 3.2% per annum.
Cardiovascular disease as cause of death. 55%. Number of people with
diabetes in UK...
nchod.uhce.ox.ac.uk/diabetes.pdf - Similar pages - Note this
ScienceDirect - The Lancet : The rising incidence of childhood ...
6. It goes onto discuss three other phenomena. Type 1 diabetes (formerly known as insulin-
dependent) in which the beta cells in the islets of langerhans cell in the pancreas fails to
produce the insulin which is essential for survival. The onset of this type of diabetes was more
prevelant in childhood or adolesence but this pattern is now changing.
Type 2 diabetes (formerly named non-insulin-dependent) which results from the body's
maladaptive response to the action of insulin and accounts for approximately 90% of all
diabetes worldwide. The onset of this type of dabetes has also changed in that from being a
disease of adults, it is becoming more prevelent in children.
Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting glycaemia (IFG) refer to levels of
blood glucose concentration above the normal range, but below those which are diagnostic for
diabetes. Subjects with IGT and/or IFG are at substantially higher risk of developing diabetes
and cardiovascular disease than those with normal glucose tolerance. The benefits of clinical
intervention in subjects with moderate glucose intolerance is a topic of much current interest.
Although not at a level that would constitute diabetes, individuals with Impaired glucose
tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting glycaemia (IFG) demonstrate elevated blood glucose
levels which seems to place them at higher risk of developing both cardiovascular disease as
well as diabetes.
7. It must be noted that jack is a smoker. This could have an impact on his disease experience as nicotine has an
poor
fat and diet...
dietietic
locus of control
The World Health Organization (World Health Organisation on line (2008), defines diabetes as:
quot;Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease caused by inherited and/or acquired deficiency in production of insulin by the pancreas, or
by the ineffectiveness of the insulin produced. Such a deficiency results in increased concentrations of glucose in the blood, which
in turn damage many of the body's systems, in particular the blood vessels and nerves.quot;
It goes onto describe four phenomena namely type one Diabetes mellitus where little or no insulin is produce, type two which
results from the body's maladaptive response to the action of insulin and Impaired Glucose Tollerence and Impaired Fasting
Glycaemia where elevated blood glucose levels which seem to place them at higher risk of developing both cardiovascular disease
as well as diabetes.
8. It is significant that the incidnece of diabetes type two is increasing.
There are seveveral significant dimension to this increase.
The overal global incidence has increased.
The disease in now presenting at a younger age.
This seems to be varying directly with the increase in obesity.
diabetetes fat relationship....
Randomised control tries have ini
Asseement of health needs
Randomised controlled trials have shown that (diabetes prevention research group, 2002 Lindström et al, 2003). The diabetes prevention
programme found that weight loss of between 5% and 7% of total body weight accompanied with moderate physical activity of half an hour five
times per week proved to be almost doubly effective as the use of the glucose lowering medication namely Metformin (diabetes prevention resear
ch
group, 2002).
The Diabetes Prevention Research Group (2002) and the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (Lindström et al, 2003) carried out
randomised controlled trials which have indicated that diabetes can be delayed or even prevented with moderate increases in
9. physical activity and improvements in diet. The former showed that found that weight loss of between 5% and 7% of total body
weight accompanied with moderate physical activity of half an hour five times per week proved to be almost doubly effective as
the use of the glucose lowering medication namely Metformin. The latter compared an intervention group against an interventions
group but only of 40 to 64 year olds where as the former investigated subject of 25 years and older. More research may bring forth
some more answers, especially if it were longitudinal in nature.
Jack, as a man, is both less likely to visit his GP as well as be predisposed to health promotion.
From a global incidence, Wild et al (2004) have projected that dabetic incidence could more than double from its 2000 level of
171 million to that of 366 million by the year 2030. As the United kingdom as a whole,
c
10. This discussion will based upon a scenario involving Jack Ford,72, who presents to his General Practitioner with the symptoms of
diabetes (see appendix 1). Jack has several demographic and lifestyle factors which will affect his disease experience, some of
which are changeable and some which are not. A discussion of the types of diabetes will be followed by an investigation into some
of the demographic and epidemiological factors that are pertinent to diabetes and Jack's situation. The focus of this discussion will
be to explore how the risk factor of obesity can impact upon the development of this disease and how its reduction of weight can
significantly improve the health and lifestyle of of an individual who finds themselves in this situation.
11. Three degrees of health promotion have been identified. Primary health promotion pertains to that which is
undertaken to prevention of the commencement of health consequence occurring.This is exemplified as health
eating campagnes in schools which can help to decrease the onset of diabetes (). Secondary health promotional
activity aims to prevent any adverse health consequence from deteriorating further. This would include
teaching foot care techniques to newly diagnosed diabetics. Tertiary health promotion is concerned with
OBESITY
12. The NMC (2008) call for Registrants to be non-judgemental in the Code for asdfasfsadfs. However, much has
been written about pejorative attitudes of Nurses and other health care professionals
The NMC (2008) call for Registrants to be non-judgemental in the Code for asdfasfsadfs. However, much has
been written about prejoritive attitudes of Nurses and other health careprofessionals
There are several types of Diabetes. Historically, Diabetes Mellitus tended to be classified by depending on insulin administration
or the lack of it. In more recent times, it is accepted the disease is more complex. Type 1 Diabetes refers to
13. Type 2 refers to where insulin is produce which
This has previously been referred to as Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus as well as Maturity Onset Diabetes Mellitus. The
latter name has been challenged as the number of individuals under 16 is now significantly
Jack exhibits a number of demographic and lifestyle factors which may affect his disease experience. Smoking tobacco can result
in vascular compromisation can compound the changes which are caused by Diabetes Mellitus
The risk of the development of type 2 Diabetes is significantly greatened with increasing diabetes especially if
this is in the abdominal area (Chan et al 1994, Colditz et al 1995)
The Link between obesity and diabetes has its origins when Vague (1956)
who noted links a quot;masculinequot; or quot;androidquot; obesity phenotype and diabetes
Klien 2004 suggests that of the three types of abdomnial fat, visceral (intraperitoneal fat,) intraagdominal and
subcutaneous, it is the former that is most highly related with diabetes type 2.
The Link between obesity and diabetes has its origins when Vague (1956)
who noted links a quot;masculinequot; or quot;androidquot; obesity phenotype and diabetes
Klien 2004 suggests that of the three types of abdomnial fat, visceral (intraperitoneal fat,) intraagdominal and
subcutaneous, it is the former that is most highly related with diabetes type 2.
14. The Link between obesity and diabetes has its origins when Vague (1956)
who noted links a quot;masculinequot; or quot;androidquot; obesity phenotype and diabetes
Klien 2004 suggests that of the three types of abdomnial fat, visceral (intraperitoneal fat,) intraagdominal and
subcutaneous, it is the former that is most highly related with diabetes type 2.
References
World Health Organisation [on-line] (2008)a. Programes and Projects: Diabetes. http://www.who.int/diabetes/en/ visted 24th
April 2008
World Health Organisation [on-line] (2008)b. Diabetes Action On-line. http://www.who.int/diabetesactiononline/diabetes/en/
15. visited 5th May 2008
http://www.framinghamheartstudy.org/index.html
framingham http://www.framinghamheartstudy.org/index.html
Fenn, P. (2007) Assessment and managment of abdominal obesity in patient with type 2 diabetes. Nusing Standard 21, 25, 37-44
Fenn, P. (2007) Assessment and managment of abdominal obesity in patient with type 2 diabetes. Nusing Standard 21, 25, 37-44
Brown, I., Stide, C., Psarou, A., Brewins, L., Thompson, J. (2007) Management of obesity in primary care: nurse's practice, belief
and attitudes. Journal of Advanced Nursing 59 (4), 329-342
Marieb E. N. and Hoehn, K. (2007) Human Anatomy and Physiology: Pearson International Editional Edition. 7e. San Francisco:
Benjamin Cummings
http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/articles/article.aspx?articleId=128§ionId=10
http://www.eatlas.idf.org/Diabetes_Atlas___Executive_Summary_download/#EN
http://www.eatlas.idf.org/Obesity_and_type_2_diabetes/
Lindström, J., Louheranta, A., Mannelin, M., Rastas, M., Salminen, V., Eriksson, J., et al. (2003). The Finnish Diabetes
Prevention Study (DPS): Lifestyle intervention and 3-year results on diet and physical activity. Diabetes Care, 26(12), 3230–3236
http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/full/26/12/3230
Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. (2002). Reduction in the incidence of Type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or
metformin. New England Journal of Medicine, 346(6), 393–403.
http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/346/6/393
Downie, R, Tannahill C Tannahill A (1996) health promotion: models and Values. Oxford Oxford medical publications
DAVIES MJ, HELLER S, SKINNER T C, CAMPBELL MJ, CAREY ME, CRADOCK S, DALLOSSO HM, DALY H,
DOHERTY Y, EATON S, FOX C, OLIVER L, RANTELL K, RAYMAN G, KHUNTI K on behalf of The DESMOND
Collaborative, 2008. Effectiveness of a structured group education programme on individuals newly diagnosed with Type 2
diabetes: a cluster randomised controlled trial of the DESMOND programme. BMJ published online 14 Feb 2008;
doi:10.1136/bmj.39474.922025.BE.
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