GHME 2013 Conference
Session: Global and national Burden of Disease IV
Date: June 18 2013
Presenter: Theo Vos
Institute:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)
University of Washington
Global Burden of Disease, Changes in health in England Analysis by region and...Public Health England
This slide set is about the Global Burden of Disease Study. You can learn more here: https://publichealthmatters.blog.gov.uk/2015/09/15/the-burden-of-disease-and-what-it-means-in-england/
The Burden of Disease: Data analysis, interpretation and linear regressionAmanDesai8
Decades of data about the global burden of disease (measured in disability-adjusted life years) were cleaned, interpreted and visualised. After this, a linear regression was done to create a model that can predict (up to an accuracy of 85.7%) the burden of disease in the future, adjustable to changes in demographics, health systems, diet, education, and so on.
This presentation was created as a group project during the Business Analytics course at London Business School.
The Burden of Disease ( BOD) analysis describes in details the uses and effects of BOD. How to measure it. Special emphasis has been given in understanding HALY, DALY and QALY.
N.B: 1. Please download the ppt first, as the animations will act better then
2. There are few hidden slides in the presentation, which you may explore too.
Published in The Lancet in November 2018, GBD 2017 provides for the first time an independent estimation of population, for each of 195 countries and territories and the globe, using a standardized, replicable approach, as well as a comprehensive update on fertility. GBD 2017 incorporates major data additions and improvements, using a total of 68,781 data sources in the estimation process.
Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) arenowwidely recognized as a threat to global development.The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed thisc observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declarationon the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting,and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have incommon that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology.
The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data.
An analysis of the potential to achieve expected reductions in life expectancy from recommended interventions (reviewing the implications of a national modelling exercise)
This is a study using historical data and forecasts of life expectancy for several countries. The data and forecasts come from the UN - Population Division. While the historical data is most interesting, the forecasts are highly optimistic as they project a linear trend way into the future. Meanwhile, those forecasts should have followed a much more realistic logarithmic curve reflecting slower increase in life expectancy as the life expectancy rises.
GHME 2013 Conference
Session: Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010: workshop on methods and key findings
Date: June 18 2013
Presenter: Sarah Wulf
Institute:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), University of Washington
Global Burden of Disease, Changes in health in England Analysis by region and...Public Health England
This slide set is about the Global Burden of Disease Study. You can learn more here: https://publichealthmatters.blog.gov.uk/2015/09/15/the-burden-of-disease-and-what-it-means-in-england/
The Burden of Disease: Data analysis, interpretation and linear regressionAmanDesai8
Decades of data about the global burden of disease (measured in disability-adjusted life years) were cleaned, interpreted and visualised. After this, a linear regression was done to create a model that can predict (up to an accuracy of 85.7%) the burden of disease in the future, adjustable to changes in demographics, health systems, diet, education, and so on.
This presentation was created as a group project during the Business Analytics course at London Business School.
The Burden of Disease ( BOD) analysis describes in details the uses and effects of BOD. How to measure it. Special emphasis has been given in understanding HALY, DALY and QALY.
N.B: 1. Please download the ppt first, as the animations will act better then
2. There are few hidden slides in the presentation, which you may explore too.
Published in The Lancet in November 2018, GBD 2017 provides for the first time an independent estimation of population, for each of 195 countries and territories and the globe, using a standardized, replicable approach, as well as a comprehensive update on fertility. GBD 2017 incorporates major data additions and improvements, using a total of 68,781 data sources in the estimation process.
Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) arenowwidely recognized as a threat to global development.The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed thisc observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declarationon the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting,and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have incommon that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology.
The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data.
An analysis of the potential to achieve expected reductions in life expectancy from recommended interventions (reviewing the implications of a national modelling exercise)
This is a study using historical data and forecasts of life expectancy for several countries. The data and forecasts come from the UN - Population Division. While the historical data is most interesting, the forecasts are highly optimistic as they project a linear trend way into the future. Meanwhile, those forecasts should have followed a much more realistic logarithmic curve reflecting slower increase in life expectancy as the life expectancy rises.
GHME 2013 Conference
Session: Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010: workshop on methods and key findings
Date: June 18 2013
Presenter: Sarah Wulf
Institute:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), University of Washington
-The GBD is an approach to global descriptive epidemiology.
-It is a systematic, scientific effort to quantify the comparative magnitude of health loss due to diseases, injuries, and risk factors by age, sex, and geographies for specific points in time.
-IHME serves as the coordinating centre for the GBD and affiliated projects.
COVID-19 data configuration and statistical analysisAnshJAIN50
The following report aims to identify the primary factors influencing the spread of Covid-19. To do this, I have analyzed the rate of spread in MEDCs and LEDCs - countries differing significantly in development. MEDCs, being more economically developed, tend to have superior healthcare, higher life expectancy, and generally better infrastructure, contrasting with LEDCs. This report aims to understand whether the characteristics of MEDCs and LEDCs can significantly impact the rate of spread of Covid-19, as well as more obscure factors that could have a greater impact than previously thought. In this report we will be examining 3 different MEDCs and LEDCs to develop a clear conclusion on whether we believe a country's development correlates to the rate of spread of Covid-19.
Verbal autopsy interviews were conducted with caretakers for all deaths of children under the age of 5 in Yucatán, Mexico during 2015-2016. Results from the verbal autopsy were triangulated with data from vital registration systems and medical records to check for concordance at both the individual and population level. Findings suggest that overall the vital registration system for deaths of children under 5 is strong, however concordance between vital registration systems and medical records varies based on cause of death and age of the deceased (neonatal vs. child). This presentation summarizes methods and results for the quality of mortality statistics analysis and was presented at the 2019 Instituto Nacional de Salud Public Conference in Cuernavaca, Mexico in March 2019.
The first phase of the “Under-5 Child Health and Mortality Statistics Project” sough to strengthen the evidence and understanding of key factors related to under-5 mortality in Yucatán, Mexico using Verbal Autopsy data collection tools with an added battery on search for care processes for U5 deaths which occurred in Yucatán during 2015-2016, and the triangulation of Verbal Autopsy reports with data from vital registration systems and medical records. This presentation, presented to stakeholders at a results dissemination workshop in October 2017 in Mérida, Yucatán, provides an overview of the project and summarizes key results and learnings from the research.
The second phase of the “Under-5 Child Health and Mortality Statistics Project” sough to strengthen the evidence and understanding of key factors related to under-5 mortality in Yucatán, Mexico through the implementation and evaluation of both community and facility-based interventions, aimed at improving recognition of alarm signs among mothers and caretakers for common causes of death in children and improving the quality of cause of death certification for deaths of children under 5, respectively. This presentation, presented virtually to stakeholders at a results dissemination workshop in January 2021, provides an overview of the project and summarizes key results and learnings from the research.
The Prospective Country Evaluation is an embedded mixed-methods evaluation platform designed to examine the Global Fund business model, investments and contribution to disease program outcomes and impact in eight countries. Findings were synthesized across the 8 countries to provide timely and actionable recommendations to support program improvements and accelerate progress towards the objectives of the Global Fund 2017-2022 Strategy.
In “Measuring human capital: a systematic analysis of 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016” IHME provides the first internationally comparable index of human capital. Building on past efforts, the study offers a measure of expected human capital that incorporates educational attainment, education quality or learning, functional health status, and survival for 195 countries, from 1990 to 2016.
“Follow the money” in order to better understand the framework for global health governance: this presentation by Dr. Tim Mackey employs IHME-coordinated research while teaching the evolution of global health financing.
SM2015 is an ambitious project with the Ministry of Health and local support. This presentation outlines the design and activities around the data collection and analysis of the evaluation, as well as the results, conclusions, and future activities.
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Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010: Comorbidity
1. UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
Global Burden of Diseases,
Injuries, and Risk Factors Study
2010: Comorbidity
June 18, 2013
Theo Vos
Professor of Global Health
3. Comorbidity in MEPS
3
Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys (MEPS)
o New panel starts every year
o 5 data collection points over two years for each panel
o Main focus on expenditure of any health service contact
o 2000 to 2009
o 192,806 observations from 108,522 individuals
o Diagnostic info on 158 GBD disease and injury categories
o Health status information by SF-12, twice over two years
4. Mapping SF-12 to GBD disability weights
• Convenience sample of 60 IHME staff who had not worked on
GBD
• Asked to fill in SF-12 for a random pick of 50 out of 60 health
states spanning the spectrum from very mild to most severe in
the disability weight surveys
Very mild: “has some difficulty with distance vision, for example
reading signs, but no other problems with eyesight”
Most severe: “hears and sees things that are not real and is afraid,
confused, and sometimes violent. The person has
great difficulty with communication and daily activities,
and sometimes wants to harm or kill himself (or
herself)
• Respondents asked to fill in SF-12 for an individual as
described in the lay descriptions presented
4
5. Mapping SF-12 to GBD disability weights
• 394 observations (18% of total) excluded from further analysis as
they were more than two standard deviations from the median
• Loess regression of remaining SF-12 scores and disability weights
5
12. 12
Conclusions from MEPS
o Age is no longer a major predictor of comorbidity if a
large number of health states are accounted for
o A multiplicative model of “combining” disability weights
derived for all ages replicates the age pattern of levels of
disability reported by individuals on SF-12 (and translated
by us into GBD disability weights)
o After correcting for independent comorbidities, adding
dependent probabilities of co-occurring conditions makes
little difference
14. Disability in a comorbid case: individual
perspective
• The experience of living with multiple diseases:
o Disability weights are multiplicative, not
additive
o Cumulative (multiplicative) weight is lower
than additive
14
15. Population perspective
oSimulate hypothetical populations of 10,000 for each age,
sex, year, country: 0.25 billion people simulated!
oUse prevalence of each of 1120 health states as
probabilities
oDetermine for each individual if they have 0, 1, 2 …n
comorbid health states
oUse multiplicative function to get “comorbidity corrected”
total DW for each individual
oProportionately reduce the value of each comorbid health
state’s DW for that individual
oAverage all DWs for all individuals with a health state after
the correction
15
17. 17
Conclusions
oUseful new insights on comorbidity from dataset with rich
diagnostic and health status information
oSearch for similar non-USA datasets, preferably in LMIC, to
replicate these analyses: potential candidates in China and
Turkey
oDecision to seriously address comorbidity in GBD was most
compelling reason to abandon the previous approach of
incidence YLD
Incidence