The document summarizes three main approaches to ethics: virtue/vice, deontology, and consequentialism. It provides taxonomies of ethical theories within deontology and consequentialism, such as divine command theory, rights-based ethics, and different forms of utilitarianism. The document also includes a chart showing possible configurations of ethical theories and the scope of entities or groups they consider as having moral standing.

1. Ethical judgments
Agent ➔ Action ➔ Consequence ➔ Recipient
❘ ❘ ❘ ❘
Virtue/Vice Deontology Consequentialist Moral
Approach Approach Approach Standing

2. Chart summarizing the three main
approaches to ethics
Approaches to Ethics
Virtue/Vice Approach Moral Standing?
Deontological
Approach
Moral Standing?
Consequentialist
Approach
Moral Standing?

3. A taxonomy of ethical theories within
the deontological approach
Deontological
Approaches
Divine Command
Rights-based
Justice-based

4. A taxonomy of ethical theories within
the consequentialist approach
Consequentialist
Approaches
Ethical Egoism Contractarianism
Subjective
Hedonistic
Utilitarianism
Preference-
satisfaction
Utilitarianism
Objective
Common Good
Teleological
Dispositional

5. Some possible configurations of ethical
theory and moral standing
Nearby
People
Distant
People
Future
People
Animals Living
Things
Species Ecosystems
Virtue/Vice
Hedonistic A*
Preference (E*) D*
Community C*
Teleology
Dispositional
Divine
Rights B*
Justice