1. The document discusses the major components of operating system structures including process management, main memory management, file management, I/O system management, secondary storage management, networking, protection systems, and command interpreter systems. 2. It also describes operating system services such as program execution, I/O operations, file system manipulation, communications, error detection, and resource allocation. 3. The types of system calls are outlined related to process control, file manipulation, device manipulation, information maintenance, and communication.

1. 3
OPERATING SYSTEM STRUCTURES)
3.1 System Components)
3.1.1 (Process Management)
batch job)
time-shared user program)
,
,
concurrent)
o
o suspension)
resumption)
o process
synchronization)
o deadlock handling)
3.1.2 (Main-Memory Management)

2. array of words or bytes address)
“ ”
(the instruction – fetch cycle) DMA)
Absolute address)
o
o
o
3.1.3 (File Management)
,
free – form)
text files) , ,
o
o
o
o

3. o
3.1.4 (I/O System Management)
UNIX
o buffering , caching
spooling
o A general device – driver interface)
o drivers for specific hardware devices)
device drivers)
3.1.5 (Secondary – Storage Management)
disk)
compilers)
assemblers) sort routines)
editors) formatters)

4. o
o
o
3.1.6 (Networking)
distributed system)
,
, work station)
, ,
3.1.7 (Protection System)
, ,

5. ,
authorized) unauthorized)
3.1.8 (Command – Interpreter System)
Command Interpreter)
interface
kernel)
MS-DOS UNIX
log on) ( time-sharing)
Control statements)
batch)
time-sharing)
shell in UNIX)

6. user – friendly)
Macintosh Windows) Menu
system)
,
Enter key) MS-DOS ,
Shell in UNIX
3.2 Operating – System Service)
o (Program Execution)
o (I/O Operation)

7. o (File – system Manipulation)
o (Communications)
share memory)
message passing)
o (Error detection)
,
, ,
,
CPU time
(Resource allocation)
CPU ,

8. (Accounting)
reconfigure
(Protection) information
network adapters)
3.3 System Calls (
System Call interface)
assembly
subroutine call
(
C , Bliss , BCPL , PL/360 , PERL assembly

9. input file
output file) icon –based mouse – based)
protected)

10. 3
1.
2.
3. stack push) stack
pop)
2
5
process control) file manipulation) device
manipulation) Information maintenance)
communication)
Types of system calls)
o , End , Abort)
o , load , execute)

11. o Create and Terminate Process)
o Get and Set Process
Attributes)
o Wait for Time)
o , Wait Event , Signal Event)
o Allocate and Free Memory)
File Manipulation)
o Create and Delete File)
o , Open , Close)
o , , Read , Write , Reposition)
o Get and Set File Attributes)
Device Manipulation)
o Request and Release Device)
o , , Read , Write , Reposition)
o Get and Set Device Attributes)
o logically Attach or
Detach Devices)
Information Maintenance)
o
o System Data)
o , ,
Communication)

12. o Create Delete Communication
Connection)
o Send Receive Messages)
o Transfer Status Information)
o Attach or Detach Remove Device)
1. (Process and Job Control)
MS-DOS single – tasking)
a)
b)

13. Berkeley UNIX multitasking)
log on) shell shell
MS-DOS ( MS-DOS
UNIX) UNIX
shell
Shell
shell
background mode)
shell

14. error code) 0 shell
2. (File Manipulation)
create)
delete)
file attribute) open)
read) write) reposition) close)
3. (Device Management)
, ,
release)
, ,
4. (Information Maintenance)
, version) ,
,

15. get process attribute)
set process attributes))
5. (Communication)
2
message passing)
connection)
host name)
process name)
get hostid)
get processid)
open
connection) close connection)
accept
connection) daemons)
“ ” (wait for connection)
client
server
read message)
write message) close connection)
share memory)
map-memory

16. 2 2
3.4 System Programs)

17. o (File manipulation)
, , , , ,
,
o (Status Information)
, ,
, ,
o (File Modification) “ ”
( editor)
o (Programming-language Support) Compilers
assembly Interpreter
o (Program loading and
Execution) , , , ,
,
linkage editor)
absolute or relocatable loader or overlay loader)
Debugger)
o (Communication)
electronic mail) File transfer)
Command interpreter)

18. 3.5 System Structure)
3.5.1 (Simple Structure)
MS-DOS
modules) MS-DOS
MS-DOS interface)
basic I/O routine)
MS-DOS
2
2 kernel)

19. system-call interface)
,
,
1
programmer interface)
system call) user
interface) system program)
3.5.2 (Layer Approach)
Top-down Approach)
Information Hiding)

20. modular)
Layered Approach)
0)
N)
object (abstract object)
encapsulation)
M
M
Modularity)
1
1 0
1 2
THE –
TechnischeHogeschoolEindhouen) 6

21. 5 : user programs)
4 : buffering for I/O device)
3 :
(operator-console device driver)
2 : memory management)
1 : CPU Scheduling)
0 : Hardware)
1 CPU Scheduling) 2
Virtual
Memory) 3 Operator-
console device driver) 4
3 2
Venus)
0 4

22. 6 : user programs)
5 : device drivers and schedulers)
4 : virtual memory)
3 : I/O channel)
2 : CPU scheduling)
1 : instruction interpreter)
0 : Hardware)

23. OS/2 2
3.6 Virtual Machines)
kernel)
2
a)

24. Virtual Machine) IBM
VM
system call) file system)
b)
Spooling
Virtual Line Printer)
Virtual Card Readers)

25. Virtual-operator’s console) partition Harddisk
virtual-machine software)
user-
support software)
3.6.1 (Implementation)
2
virtual-machine software)
virtual machine)
2
virtual user mode)
virtual monitor mode) 2
virtual user mode) virtual monitor mode)
3.6.2 (Benefits)
-
-
-

26. - system compatibility problems)
MS-DOS CPU Intel SUN DEC
support
MS-DOS
3.6.3 (Java)
Sun Microsystem compile compiler
bytecodebytecode run Java Virtual
Machine (JVM) JAVA JVM run
JVM run IBM , Macintosh , Unix , IBM minicomputer mainframe
Internet Explore Netscape Communicator
JVM stack
, ,
, flow control)
Virtual Machine)
bytecodes
run
3.7 System Design and Implementation)
3.7.1 (Design Goals)
, ,
, , ,

27. 2 user goals)
system goals)
o
o
o
o
o
, ,
o
o
o
o
o
MS-DOS
Windows
3.7.2 (Mechanisms and Polices)

28. policy) mechanism)
I/O -
Intensive) CPU – Intensive)
3.7.3 (Implementation)
assembly
, ,
port)
MS-DOS assembly Intel 8088 MS-DOS
Intel
C Intel , Motorola , sparc

29. bottlenecks)
log file)
3.8 (System Generation)
o ? ?
? ?
(
o ?
o ?
,

30. , ,
o ?
? , ,
,
source code)
, , ,
condition compilation)
library)
table driven)
execution time)
compile time) link
time)