This document provides information on non-ferrous metals and alloys, specifically focusing on copper and its alloys. It discusses the classification, properties, and applications of copper, brass, bronze, aluminium bronze, tin bronze, and phosphor bronze alloys. Key points include the composition and phases of various brass alloys like cartridge brass, naval brass, and leaded brass and how alloying elements affect their properties. It also compares the properties of ferrous and non-ferrous metals.
This document provides an overview of metallurgy of copper and copper alloys. It discusses the history of copper use, the effect of alloying elements on properties like thermal conductivity, and the extraction and designation of pure copper and various copper alloy systems. Specific copper alloy systems covered include Cu-Zn, Cu-Sn, Cu-Pb, Cu-Al, Cu-Ni, Cu-Cr, and Cu-Be. Applications of different copper alloys are presented. Diagrams of phase diagrams and microstructures are included to illustrate the metallurgy concepts.
Copper and its alloys are classified according to the Copper Development Association. Wrought alloys include unalloyed copper, brass, and bronze. Unalloyed copper includes electrolytic tough-pitch copper, oxygen-free copper, and phosphorus deoxidized copper. Brass is a copper-zinc alloy that may also contain tin, aluminum, or lead. Bronze is primarily a copper-tin alloy but may also contain aluminum, nickel, phosphorus, or other elements. Copper and its alloys have many applications due to their electrical and thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, strength and other properties.
The document provides information about various ferrous and non-ferrous metals used in manufacturing, including their properties and applications. It discusses iron, steel, cast iron, aluminum, copper, zinc, tin, lead, and other metals. Production processes for pig iron and wrought iron using a blast furnace are described. The document also covers casting methods like gravity die casting and defects that can occur.
The document discusses non-ferrous alloys, beginning with an introduction on the limitations of ferrous alloys and advantages of using non-ferrous alloys. It then covers various non-ferrous metals and their alloys including copper and copper alloys like brass and bronze, aluminum and aluminum alloys, magnesium and magnesium alloys, and titanium and its alloys. For each metal/alloy, it describes common compositions, properties, and applications. It also discusses bearing materials and includes detailed information on composition and uses of various copper, aluminum, and magnesium alloys.
Copper is a reddish metal with a face-centered cubic crystal structure. It has high electrical and thermal conductivity and good corrosion resistance. Copper alloys include brasses, which are copper-zinc alloys that have good strength and ductility. Bronzes are copper alloys where the primary alloying element is not zinc or nickel, and include phosphor bronzes and aluminum bronzes. Copper alloys have a variety of applications due to their combinations of properties.
This document provides an overview of non-ferrous metals, including their properties and common uses in construction. It discusses important non-ferrous metals such as aluminum, copper, zinc, bronze, tin, nickel, and lead. For each metal, the document outlines typical properties, examples of architectural applications, and current pricing of common forms (e.g. sheeting, pipes, fixtures). Case studies are presented on innovative uses of materials like aluminum composite panels and zinc cladding.
This document provides an overview of non-ferrous alloys, including their properties and applications. It discusses many different metal alloys such as aluminum, copper, zinc, magnesium, nickel and more. Key points include:
- Non-ferrous alloys such as aluminum are lighter than ferrous alloys like steel, making them suitable for applications where strength needs to be balanced with weight.
- Common non-ferrous alloys used in Nepal include brass (copper-zinc) and bronze (copper-tin), which are often used in metal arts and crafts.
- Properties of the alloys can be modified by adding different elemental metals during production. For example, adding silicon to
This document provides information on non-ferrous metals and alloys, specifically focusing on copper and its alloys. It discusses the classification, properties, and applications of copper, brass, bronze, aluminium bronze, tin bronze, and phosphor bronze alloys. Key points include the composition and phases of various brass alloys like cartridge brass, naval brass, and leaded brass and how alloying elements affect their properties. It also compares the properties of ferrous and non-ferrous metals.
This document provides an overview of metallurgy of copper and copper alloys. It discusses the history of copper use, the effect of alloying elements on properties like thermal conductivity, and the extraction and designation of pure copper and various copper alloy systems. Specific copper alloy systems covered include Cu-Zn, Cu-Sn, Cu-Pb, Cu-Al, Cu-Ni, Cu-Cr, and Cu-Be. Applications of different copper alloys are presented. Diagrams of phase diagrams and microstructures are included to illustrate the metallurgy concepts.
Copper and its alloys are classified according to the Copper Development Association. Wrought alloys include unalloyed copper, brass, and bronze. Unalloyed copper includes electrolytic tough-pitch copper, oxygen-free copper, and phosphorus deoxidized copper. Brass is a copper-zinc alloy that may also contain tin, aluminum, or lead. Bronze is primarily a copper-tin alloy but may also contain aluminum, nickel, phosphorus, or other elements. Copper and its alloys have many applications due to their electrical and thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, strength and other properties.
The document provides information about various ferrous and non-ferrous metals used in manufacturing, including their properties and applications. It discusses iron, steel, cast iron, aluminum, copper, zinc, tin, lead, and other metals. Production processes for pig iron and wrought iron using a blast furnace are described. The document also covers casting methods like gravity die casting and defects that can occur.
The document discusses non-ferrous alloys, beginning with an introduction on the limitations of ferrous alloys and advantages of using non-ferrous alloys. It then covers various non-ferrous metals and their alloys including copper and copper alloys like brass and bronze, aluminum and aluminum alloys, magnesium and magnesium alloys, and titanium and its alloys. For each metal/alloy, it describes common compositions, properties, and applications. It also discusses bearing materials and includes detailed information on composition and uses of various copper, aluminum, and magnesium alloys.
Copper is a reddish metal with a face-centered cubic crystal structure. It has high electrical and thermal conductivity and good corrosion resistance. Copper alloys include brasses, which are copper-zinc alloys that have good strength and ductility. Bronzes are copper alloys where the primary alloying element is not zinc or nickel, and include phosphor bronzes and aluminum bronzes. Copper alloys have a variety of applications due to their combinations of properties.
This document provides an overview of non-ferrous metals, including their properties and common uses in construction. It discusses important non-ferrous metals such as aluminum, copper, zinc, bronze, tin, nickel, and lead. For each metal, the document outlines typical properties, examples of architectural applications, and current pricing of common forms (e.g. sheeting, pipes, fixtures). Case studies are presented on innovative uses of materials like aluminum composite panels and zinc cladding.
This document provides an overview of non-ferrous alloys, including their properties and applications. It discusses many different metal alloys such as aluminum, copper, zinc, magnesium, nickel and more. Key points include:
- Non-ferrous alloys such as aluminum are lighter than ferrous alloys like steel, making them suitable for applications where strength needs to be balanced with weight.
- Common non-ferrous alloys used in Nepal include brass (copper-zinc) and bronze (copper-tin), which are often used in metal arts and crafts.
- Properties of the alloys can be modified by adding different elemental metals during production. For example, adding silicon to
This document discusses copper and its alloys. It describes how copper alloys are classified as ferrous or nonferrous based on their iron content. Key copper alloys discussed include brass, which is a copper-zinc alloy, and bronze, which is a copper-tin alloy. The document outlines the phase diagrams and properties of copper-zinc and copper-aluminum alloys. It also discusses how alloying elements like zinc, tin, aluminum, and nickel are used to improve the mechanical properties of copper. Examples of applications for different copper alloys like brass and bronze are provided.
1) Copper and its alloys like brass and bronze have many applications due to their electrical and thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, and ability to alloy with other metals.
2) Common copper alloys include various brasses made of copper and zinc, bronzes made of copper and tin, and aluminum bronzes made of copper and aluminum. Each alloy has different properties and applications.
3) Bearing materials require properties like low friction, hardness, load bearing capacity, and corrosion resistance. Common bearing materials include white metals, copper alloys, and porous self-lubricating bearings made of copper or iron impregnated with oil.
This document provides an overview of non-ferrous alloys, including copper and its alloys, aluminum and its alloys, magnesium, titanium, nickel, tin, and lead. It discusses the properties and production of these materials as well as some of their common uses. Key alloys described include brasses, bronzes, duralumin, Y-alloys, nickel alloys like monel and nichrome. The document is intended as an educational guide on non-ferrous metals and alloys for engineering students.
The document discusses the classification of engineering materials. It begins by introducing different types of materials used in engineering like metals, plastics, wood, composites and ceramics. It then focuses on classification of metallic materials including ferrous alloys like steels. Steels are further classified based on their carbon content into low, medium and high carbon steels. Common types of cast iron and their properties are also discussed.
This document discusses non-ferrous metals and provides details about copper, copper alloys, and aluminum. It defines non-ferrous metals as metals that do not have iron as their major constituent. Copper is highlighted as the oldest and most widely used non-ferrous metal in industry. Important copper alloys discussed include brass, bronze, gun metals, and cupronickels. Aluminum is described as the most widely used non-ferrous material due to its light weight, corrosion resistance, and other desirable properties. Common aluminum alloys and their characteristics are also summarized.
Copper and its alloys are discussed. Copper is extracted via both pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods from ores like chalcopyrite. Blister copper undergoes electrolytic refining to obtain pure copper. Copper alloys include brasses, bronzes, aluminum bronzes, beryllium bronzes and cupro-nickels. These alloys find applications in electrical, automotive and other industries due to copper's high thermal and electrical conductivity.
This document provides an overview of various engineering materials including metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites. It discusses several categories of ferrous alloys such as cast irons, carbon/low alloy steels, tool steels, and maraging steels. It also summarizes nonferrous alloys including aluminum alloys, and provides examples of applications for different material types and alloys.
This presentation gives information about Brass alloy.
Brasses are alloys of Copper and Zinc with small amount of other alloying elements. Presentation includes types of brasses,composition,properties and their applications.
This document discusses various types of metals used in construction, including their properties and uses. It begins by defining metals and providing examples of light and heavy metals. It then covers the classification of metals into ferrous and non-ferrous types. Considerable detail is provided about the extraction and processing of iron from iron ore using the blast furnace process to produce pig iron and subsequently wrought iron, cast iron, and steel. The properties and applications of these ferrous metals in construction are outlined. Non-ferrous metals such as aluminum are also briefly discussed.
Non-ferrous metals like aluminum and its alloys are sometimes used as alternatives to steel in civil engineering construction, especially for bridges and roofs where high strength is not required, as they can reduce weight by about 50%. Copper and alloys of copper, nickel, chromium, and zinc are used where properties like high strength at high temperatures, ductility, heat resistance, or electrical conductivity are needed. Aluminum is extracted from bauxite ore via the Bayer process and Hall-Héroult electrolysis process. It is a light, corrosion-resistant metal used in aircraft, buildings, vehicles, and electrical transmission. Copper, zinc, and their alloys also have various applications due to combinations of
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon. It is produced by heating iron ore and coal in a blast furnace. There are different types of steel depending on the carbon content, including mild steel (0.15-0.30% carbon), medium carbon steel (0.30-0.80% carbon), and high carbon steel (0.80-1.50% carbon). Alloy steels have additional elements added like chromium, nickel, or molybdenum to improve properties. Common alloy steels are stainless steels, heat resisting steels, and high speed steels. Cast iron is also an iron-carbon alloy but with more carbon (2-4.3%). The main types
This document provides information on copper and its alloys. It discusses the properties and applications of copper, as well as various copper alloys including brass, bronze, and gun metal. Specific alloys are defined, such as electrolytic copper, deoxidized copper, and arsenical copper. Application areas are noted for each alloy type. Brass contains zinc as its primary alloying element and types include gliding metal and cartridge brass. Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin that is hard and resistant to wear. Gun metal contains copper, tin and zinc and has various types including admiralty and leaded gun metal.
This document provides information on non-ferrous metals and their properties and applications. It discusses copper, its extraction process, properties, and common alloys like brass, bronze, gun metal and cupronickel. It also covers aluminium, describing its extraction, properties, common alloys and uses. Bearing materials are discussed last, outlining characteristics of bearing materials and common types used like white metals, copper alloys, aluminium alloys, plastics and ceramics.
This document provides information on non-ferrous metals and their properties and applications. It discusses copper, its extraction process, properties, and common alloys like brass, bronze, gun metal and cupronickel. It also covers aluminium, describing its extraction, properties, common alloys and uses. Bearing materials are discussed last, outlining characteristics of bearing materials and common types used like white metals, copper alloys, aluminium alloys, plastics and ceramics.
This document provides information on non-ferrous metals such as copper, aluminum, and their alloys. It discusses the extraction and properties of copper, as well as common copper alloys like brass, bronze, gun metal, and cupronickel. It also covers the extraction of aluminum from bauxite, its alloys, and properties. Bearing materials like white metals, copper alloys, aluminum alloys, plastics, and ceramics are also summarized.
This document provides information on non-ferrous metals such as copper, aluminum, and their alloys. It discusses the extraction and properties of copper, as well as common copper alloys like brass, bronze, gun metal, and cupronickel. It also covers the extraction of aluminum from bauxite, its alloys, and properties. Important aluminum alloys discussed include duralumin. The document concludes with an overview of bearing materials like white metals, copper alloys, aluminum alloys, plastics, and ceramics.
Unit-II Charateristic and types of Metals.pdfDawitGemechu1
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This document discusses copper and its alloys. It describes how copper alloys are classified as ferrous or nonferrous based on their iron content. Key copper alloys discussed include brass, which is a copper-zinc alloy, and bronze, which is a copper-tin alloy. The document outlines the phase diagrams and properties of copper-zinc and copper-aluminum alloys. It also discusses how alloying elements like zinc, tin, aluminum, and nickel are used to improve the mechanical properties of copper. Examples of applications for different copper alloys like brass and bronze are provided.
1) Copper and its alloys like brass and bronze have many applications due to their electrical and thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, and ability to alloy with other metals.
2) Common copper alloys include various brasses made of copper and zinc, bronzes made of copper and tin, and aluminum bronzes made of copper and aluminum. Each alloy has different properties and applications.
3) Bearing materials require properties like low friction, hardness, load bearing capacity, and corrosion resistance. Common bearing materials include white metals, copper alloys, and porous self-lubricating bearings made of copper or iron impregnated with oil.
This document provides an overview of non-ferrous alloys, including copper and its alloys, aluminum and its alloys, magnesium, titanium, nickel, tin, and lead. It discusses the properties and production of these materials as well as some of their common uses. Key alloys described include brasses, bronzes, duralumin, Y-alloys, nickel alloys like monel and nichrome. The document is intended as an educational guide on non-ferrous metals and alloys for engineering students.
The document discusses the classification of engineering materials. It begins by introducing different types of materials used in engineering like metals, plastics, wood, composites and ceramics. It then focuses on classification of metallic materials including ferrous alloys like steels. Steels are further classified based on their carbon content into low, medium and high carbon steels. Common types of cast iron and their properties are also discussed.
This document discusses non-ferrous metals and provides details about copper, copper alloys, and aluminum. It defines non-ferrous metals as metals that do not have iron as their major constituent. Copper is highlighted as the oldest and most widely used non-ferrous metal in industry. Important copper alloys discussed include brass, bronze, gun metals, and cupronickels. Aluminum is described as the most widely used non-ferrous material due to its light weight, corrosion resistance, and other desirable properties. Common aluminum alloys and their characteristics are also summarized.
Copper and its alloys are discussed. Copper is extracted via both pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods from ores like chalcopyrite. Blister copper undergoes electrolytic refining to obtain pure copper. Copper alloys include brasses, bronzes, aluminum bronzes, beryllium bronzes and cupro-nickels. These alloys find applications in electrical, automotive and other industries due to copper's high thermal and electrical conductivity.
This document provides an overview of various engineering materials including metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites. It discusses several categories of ferrous alloys such as cast irons, carbon/low alloy steels, tool steels, and maraging steels. It also summarizes nonferrous alloys including aluminum alloys, and provides examples of applications for different material types and alloys.
This presentation gives information about Brass alloy.
Brasses are alloys of Copper and Zinc with small amount of other alloying elements. Presentation includes types of brasses,composition,properties and their applications.
This document discusses various types of metals used in construction, including their properties and uses. It begins by defining metals and providing examples of light and heavy metals. It then covers the classification of metals into ferrous and non-ferrous types. Considerable detail is provided about the extraction and processing of iron from iron ore using the blast furnace process to produce pig iron and subsequently wrought iron, cast iron, and steel. The properties and applications of these ferrous metals in construction are outlined. Non-ferrous metals such as aluminum are also briefly discussed.
Non-ferrous metals like aluminum and its alloys are sometimes used as alternatives to steel in civil engineering construction, especially for bridges and roofs where high strength is not required, as they can reduce weight by about 50%. Copper and alloys of copper, nickel, chromium, and zinc are used where properties like high strength at high temperatures, ductility, heat resistance, or electrical conductivity are needed. Aluminum is extracted from bauxite ore via the Bayer process and Hall-Héroult electrolysis process. It is a light, corrosion-resistant metal used in aircraft, buildings, vehicles, and electrical transmission. Copper, zinc, and their alloys also have various applications due to combinations of
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon. It is produced by heating iron ore and coal in a blast furnace. There are different types of steel depending on the carbon content, including mild steel (0.15-0.30% carbon), medium carbon steel (0.30-0.80% carbon), and high carbon steel (0.80-1.50% carbon). Alloy steels have additional elements added like chromium, nickel, or molybdenum to improve properties. Common alloy steels are stainless steels, heat resisting steels, and high speed steels. Cast iron is also an iron-carbon alloy but with more carbon (2-4.3%). The main types
This document provides information on copper and its alloys. It discusses the properties and applications of copper, as well as various copper alloys including brass, bronze, and gun metal. Specific alloys are defined, such as electrolytic copper, deoxidized copper, and arsenical copper. Application areas are noted for each alloy type. Brass contains zinc as its primary alloying element and types include gliding metal and cartridge brass. Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin that is hard and resistant to wear. Gun metal contains copper, tin and zinc and has various types including admiralty and leaded gun metal.
This document provides information on non-ferrous metals and their properties and applications. It discusses copper, its extraction process, properties, and common alloys like brass, bronze, gun metal and cupronickel. It also covers aluminium, describing its extraction, properties, common alloys and uses. Bearing materials are discussed last, outlining characteristics of bearing materials and common types used like white metals, copper alloys, aluminium alloys, plastics and ceramics.
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This document provides information on non-ferrous metals such as copper, aluminum, and their alloys. It discusses the extraction and properties of copper, as well as common copper alloys like brass, bronze, gun metal, and cupronickel. It also covers the extraction of aluminum from bauxite, its alloys, and properties. Important aluminum alloys discussed include duralumin. The document concludes with an overview of bearing materials like white metals, copper alloys, aluminum alloys, plastics, and ceramics.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
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3.0 Copper.pdf find it easy and understand
1. ME 2207
ENGINEERING METALLURGY
Md Abdullah Al Mohotadi
Lecturer
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
BAUST, Saidpur
Non-FERROUS MATERIALS
COPPER
2. Chapter outcome
Department of Mechanical Engineering, BAUST
At the end of this chapter you should be learn about:
•Properties and uses of following non-ferrous metals
and their alloys
– Copper
– Aluminum
– Nickel
– Tin
– Lead
—Alloys of noble metals
—Bearing materials
—Spring materials
2
3. Non-Ferrous Metals
Department of Mechanical Engineering, BAUST
• Nonferrous metals- Metals that contain little to no iron
• Alloys- Base metals combined with other metals or
chemicals to enhance the base metals properties
• Non-ferrous metals and alloys are important because they
posses important properties such as, corrosion resistance,
high thermal and electrical conductivity, low density, and/or
ease of fabrication
• Al, Cu, Zn, Mg, Ti, Sn, Pb, Ni, Co, W, V
3
4. 4
Classification of non-ferrous materials
a) Density based:
– light metals and alloys ρ < 5000 kg/m3 (Mg, Al, Ti)
– medium metals and alloys ρ = 5000...10000 kg/m3 (Sn, Zn, Sb, Cr, Ni, Mn, Fe, Cu)
– heavy metals and alloys ρ >10000 kg/m3 (Pb, Ag, Au, Ta, W, Mo)
b) Melting temperature based:
– low melting point Tm < Tm
Pb = 327 °C (Sn, Pb, Bi)
– medium melting point = 327…1539 °C (Al, Mg, Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, Ag, Au)
– refractory Tm > Tm
Fe = 1539 °C
Element Ti Cr V Nb Mo Ta W
Tm, °C 1660 1875 1900 2415 2610 2996 3410
Non-ferrous metals and alloys
6. General Properties of Copper
Department of Mechanical Engineering, BAUST
• Moderate strength in the pure state
• Malleable and ductile
• Very good electrical and thermal conductor
• Good corrosion resistance
• Alloys with Zinc to give brass
• Alloys with Tin and others to make bronze
6
7. 7
Copper and copper alloys
Pure Cu Cu-alloys
Brasses Bronzes Cupronickels
Copper and Major Copper Alloys
Department of Mechanical Engineering, BAUST
8. Details Properties of Copper
Department of Mechanical Engineering, BAUST
In a sufficient pure form copper has following properties-
1. Colour: In a clean polished condition it is lustrous yellowish
red
2. Resistance to atm. corrosion: When exposed to the air in
the presence of moisture and carbon dioxide it becomes
coated with a greenish basic carbonate which under normal
atm. conditions acts as a protection against further
corrosion.
3. Density: It has a density of 8.96X103 kg/m3
8
10. Details Properties of Copper
Department of Mechanical Engineering, BAUST
4. Conductivity: Good heat and electricity conductor
Thermal conductivity = 3.95 W/(cm-K)
Electricity conductivity = 50X106 ohm-1 m-1 at 20 oC
5. Melting and boiling points: Melting point of 1083 oC and
boiling point of 2325 oC
6. Co-efficient of expansion: It has co-efficient of linear expansion
equal to 16.7 X10-6 (K-1)
7. Specific Heat Capacity: Between 0 and 100 oC, it is 390 J/kg.K
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11. Details Properties of Copper
Department of Mechanical Engineering, BAUST
8. Malleability and Ductility: Its percentage elongation in the
annealed form is 50-60%
9. Other Mechanical Properties:
E= 117 Gpa,
U.T.S. = 220 N/mm2
Y.P. = 69 N/mm2
B.H.N. = 47
10. Crystal Structure: It has face centred cubic structure in its pure
form at ordinary temp.
11. Machinability and Weldability: It possesses good machinability
and weldability as well as castability.
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12. Details Properties of Copper
Department of Mechanical Engineering, BAUST
12. Hot and Cold Workability: It is easily worked by cold and hot
processes like rolling, forging, extrusion etc.
13. Fracture: The fracture of cast copper is granular but when
forged or rolled it is slightly fibrous.
14. Alloying: It can make alloys with tin, zinc, aluminium and nickel.
15. Resistance to Corrosion by Other Agents: It is practically
unaffected by caustic alkanies, sea and other waters, but is
strongly attacked by nitric acid. Slowly attacked by hydrochloric
and sulphuric acids.
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14. Uses of Copper
Department of Mechanical Engineering, BAUST
Copper is widely used industrially mainly due to its high electrical
and thermal conductivity, good resistance to atm. corrosion and
workability
1) As a heat conducting material:
Radiator elements
Domestic boilers
Moulds of casting metals
Refrigerator tubes
Coils
Vessels
Cooking utensils
Kettles, etc.
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15. Uses of Copper
Department of Mechanical Engineering, BAUST
2. As an electricity conducting material:
Winding of dynamos, motors, transformers and other coil
Bus-bars
Switchgear parts
Cables
Electrodes for welding machines, electric furnaces
Telephone wires
Lighting conductors, etc
3. As a corrosion resistant materials:
Plating or sheeting of wooden ships
4. Copper used for electrotyping and electroplating
5. Used for making coins
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16. Copper Alloys
Department of Mechanical Engineering, BAUST
Two main alloys
1. Brasses (পেতল)
2. Bronzes (কাাঁসা- a type of bronze)
Brasses: Alloy of Copper and Zinc. May also contain
small percentages of nickel , lead etc.
Bronzes: Alloy of Copper and tin but generally posses
other elements like zinc, nickel, phosphorus,
aluminium etc.
16
17. Copper Alloys
Department of Mechanical Engineering, BAUST
Brasses: Alloy of Copper and Zinc. May also contain
small percentages of nickel , lead etc.
• α Alloys - (0 to 39% of Zn) – single phase –
f.c.c. - cold working alloys
• α+β Alloys – (39 to 46% of Zn) – two phase
(duplex brasses) – hot working alloys
17
18. Copper Alloys
Department of Mechanical Engineering, BAUST
• α Alloys - (0 to 39% of Zn) – single phase – f.c.c. - cold working alloys
• α+β Alloys – (39 to 46% of Zn) – two phase (duplex brasses) – hot working
alloys
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19. Copper Alloys
Department of Mechanical Engineering, BAUST
• Cartridge brass (70:30 Brass):
• α brass
• Used for cold rolled sheets, wire drawing, deep drawing, pressing and tube
manufacturing
• T.S. : 333.5 MPa
• Elongation: 70%
• Vickers hardness: 65
• Yellow or Muntz metal (60-40 Brass):
• An α+β Brass
• Suitable for hot working by rolling, extrusion
• Manufacture of casting
• T.S. : 285-480 Mpa
• Elongation: 25-50%
• Vickers hardness: 60-150
Delta Metal
60 –Cu, 37 –Zn, 3 – Fe
• Good tensile strength and
improve mechanical
properties
• Loss of machinability
19
20. Copper Alloys
Department of Mechanical Engineering, BAUST
• Nickel Silvers:
• Can be both α or α+β
• Previously known as German Silver, though there is no silver
• Nickel improves the mechanical properties, specially ductility and
toughness
• T.S. : 518 Mpa (α)
• Copper: 50-65%
• Nickel: 7-30%
• Zinc: 10-25%
20
21. Copper Alloys
Department of Mechanical Engineering, BAUST
Bronzes: Alloy of Copper and tin but generally posses
other elements like zinc, nickel, phosphorus,
aluminium etc.
Typical bronzes are gunmetal, phosphor
bronze, lead-bronze, Al-bronze etc.
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22. Copper Alloys
Department of Mechanical Engineering, BAUST
• Gunmetals:
• Originally used chiefly for making guns, it has largely been replaced by
steel.
• Alloy of copper, tin and zinc with the zinc in small proportions upto 6 %
(max)
• Typical composition
Cu : 88%
Sn : 10%
Zn : 2%
• T.S. : 221 - 310 Mpa
• Elongation: 20%
• BHN: 65 - 74
• Gunmetal, which casts and machines well and is resistant to corrosion
from steam and salt water, is used to make steam and hydraulic castings,
valves, gears, statues, and various small objects, such as buttons.
22
23. Copper Alloys
Department of Mechanical Engineering, BAUST
• Aluminium bronzes:
• Alloys of copper and aluminium along with appreciable quantities of
iron, nickel and manganese but without tin.
• Can be both α or β aluminium bronzes
• α -aluminium bronzes: 4 - 7 % Al
• Alloy containing less than 7% aluminium posses valuable cold
working properties. Suitable for components exposed to corrosion
conditions.
• Have very good ductility, upto 80% elongation
• Uses: sheet, strip, tubes and wires etc
23
24. Copper Alloys
Department of Mechanical Engineering, BAUST
• Aluminium bronzes:
• β-aluminium bronzes: 7 - 12 % Al
• Alloys containing 7 – 12% Al are of duplex structure in which beta
constituents are present in considerable quantities and are much
harder but less ductile
• With a little bit of iron (3%), this alloy can have U.T.S is about 580
Mpa and 40% elongation
• Hot worked at 950oC (max. Temp.), good casting ability, excellent
corrosion resistance properties
• Uses: roller bearing caps, plane bearings and landing gear
components on aircraft, under water fittings, piston rods, pump rods,
valves, electrical applications, cables, architecture etc
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25. THANK YOU
25
Special Thanks to:
Dr. Md. Abdullah Al Bari
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Khulna University of Engineering and Technology (KUET)