This document summarizes research from two datasets on the environmental effects and genotype-environment interaction in apple. It finds a very high site effect on traits like firmness, texture, and flavor compared to the family/genotype effect. Phenotypic correlations between sites within pairs ranged from non-significant to highly significant depending on the trait. Analysis of a subset of families found significant selection differences between sites for the same individuals. The study concludes that apple selection is highly dependent on environmental and tester effects, with rankings of cultivars differing between sites.
The document reports on results from work package 4 of a project exploring genetic diversity in European apple and peach germplasm collections. Phenotypic variability was described for over 1,000 apple and peach accessions with traits related to disease susceptibility, flowering, fruit characteristics, and tree architecture. Genetic analysis of over 1,200 peach accessions identified population structure, levels of diversity, and linkage disequilibrium. Future work will analyze genetic variability and population structure in the apple collection to identify genomic regions associated with horticultural traits.
The document summarizes trends in apple varieties grown in Italy over the last decade. It finds that the main apple growing regions are South Tyrol, Trentino, Veneto, Emilia R., and Piemonte, which together account for over 60,000 hectares and 2.2 million tons of apples. The most common varieties grown are Golden Delicious, Gala, Red Delicious, and Granny Smith, though new varieties like Pink Lady, Kanzi, and Modì are increasingly being planted. Specifically in South Tyrol, where managed plantings prioritize varieties like Pink Lady, Kanzi, Modì, and Jazz, while organic orchards have a higher proportion of Golden Delicious, Gala
FruitBreedomics KOM 303-2011 2 intellectual property issuesfruitbreedomics
This document summarizes the governance structure and intellectual property rights for a fruit breeding consortium. It outlines the key bodies that govern the consortium including the General Assembly, Executive Committee, and Coordinator. It describes how foreground and background intellectual property is owned and managed. Access rights to intellectual property are granted for implementing the project work or using results, either freely or on fair terms. Publication of results also requires approval from intellectual property owners.
FruitBreedomics 1st Annual meeting 20120208 WP7 Overview of state of progressfruitbreedomics
The document provides a status update on tasks in WP7. It discusses progress made on structuring the consensus database (Task 7.1), constructing a relational database for phenotypic data on targeted traits in peach and apple (Task 7.2), and developing pipelines for genomic variation analysis and storage (Task 7.3). Expected delays involve some Tripal modules still being developed and risks that most data will be added later. Tasks to be completed at the annual meeting involve further defining the database structure and tools.
FruitBreedomics KOM Stakeholders meeting 31-03-2011 9 WP7 presentation and fe...fruitbreedomics
This document outlines the objectives and approach of Work Package 7 (WP7) in the Fruitbreedomics project. The goals of WP7 are to:
1) Store and manage phenotypic and genotypic data from Fruitbreedomics and other projects to facilitate studies on plant breeding, linkage disequilibrium, and marker-based analysis.
2) Develop and use tools for structural and functional genomic analysis of traits in apple and peach to help explain genotype-phenotype associations.
3) Build an integrated Fruitbreedomics database through integrating existing databases and developing additional interfaces and analysis tools.
This document summarizes research exploring phenotypic and genetic diversity in peach. Over 1580 accessions were studied across multiple locations in Europe and China. Phenotypic data was collected over several years and correlated between locations. Genetic analysis using a 9K SNP chip identified 473 clones and grouped accessions into occidental breeding, occidental non-breeding, oriental, and admixed categories. Genome-wide association studies identified major genes and QTLs associated with traits like acidity, melting behavior, and fruit flesh color.
FruitBreedomics KOM Stakeholders meeting 31-03-2011 11 WP1 breeders workshopfruitbreedomics
The document summarizes the agenda and organization of the WP1 workshop. It introduces the 5 tasks of WP1 and their leaders, including task 1.2 on developing SNP markers linked to selected traits/loci in apple and peach, led by Andrea Patocchi and Thierry Pascal. It provides an overview of the approaches and methodologies that will be used in tasks 1.1 on breeding strategies, 1.2 on SNP development, 1.3 on pilot studies, 1.4 on genotyping pipelines, and 1.5 on specifying a breeder interface. The partners involved in each task and their responsibilities are also outlined.
Lecture 3: Fruits and Vegetables HarvestingKarl Obispo
This document discusses harvesting of fruits and vegetables. It begins with learning objectives related to postharvest procedures, maturity indices, and harvesting practices. It then outlines topics to be covered including postharvest handling procedures, defining maturity indices, importance of maturity indices, differences between physiological and horticultural maturity, and harvesting practices for common fruits and vegetables. The document discusses factors that determine optimum maturity for harvesting, different types of maturity, maturity indices used for various fruits and vegetables, and methods for manual and mechanical harvesting. It stresses the importance of harvesting at proper maturity to ensure quality and storage life.
The document reports on results from work package 4 of a project exploring genetic diversity in European apple and peach germplasm collections. Phenotypic variability was described for over 1,000 apple and peach accessions with traits related to disease susceptibility, flowering, fruit characteristics, and tree architecture. Genetic analysis of over 1,200 peach accessions identified population structure, levels of diversity, and linkage disequilibrium. Future work will analyze genetic variability and population structure in the apple collection to identify genomic regions associated with horticultural traits.
The document summarizes trends in apple varieties grown in Italy over the last decade. It finds that the main apple growing regions are South Tyrol, Trentino, Veneto, Emilia R., and Piemonte, which together account for over 60,000 hectares and 2.2 million tons of apples. The most common varieties grown are Golden Delicious, Gala, Red Delicious, and Granny Smith, though new varieties like Pink Lady, Kanzi, and Modì are increasingly being planted. Specifically in South Tyrol, where managed plantings prioritize varieties like Pink Lady, Kanzi, Modì, and Jazz, while organic orchards have a higher proportion of Golden Delicious, Gala
FruitBreedomics KOM 303-2011 2 intellectual property issuesfruitbreedomics
This document summarizes the governance structure and intellectual property rights for a fruit breeding consortium. It outlines the key bodies that govern the consortium including the General Assembly, Executive Committee, and Coordinator. It describes how foreground and background intellectual property is owned and managed. Access rights to intellectual property are granted for implementing the project work or using results, either freely or on fair terms. Publication of results also requires approval from intellectual property owners.
FruitBreedomics 1st Annual meeting 20120208 WP7 Overview of state of progressfruitbreedomics
The document provides a status update on tasks in WP7. It discusses progress made on structuring the consensus database (Task 7.1), constructing a relational database for phenotypic data on targeted traits in peach and apple (Task 7.2), and developing pipelines for genomic variation analysis and storage (Task 7.3). Expected delays involve some Tripal modules still being developed and risks that most data will be added later. Tasks to be completed at the annual meeting involve further defining the database structure and tools.
FruitBreedomics KOM Stakeholders meeting 31-03-2011 9 WP7 presentation and fe...fruitbreedomics
This document outlines the objectives and approach of Work Package 7 (WP7) in the Fruitbreedomics project. The goals of WP7 are to:
1) Store and manage phenotypic and genotypic data from Fruitbreedomics and other projects to facilitate studies on plant breeding, linkage disequilibrium, and marker-based analysis.
2) Develop and use tools for structural and functional genomic analysis of traits in apple and peach to help explain genotype-phenotype associations.
3) Build an integrated Fruitbreedomics database through integrating existing databases and developing additional interfaces and analysis tools.
This document summarizes research exploring phenotypic and genetic diversity in peach. Over 1580 accessions were studied across multiple locations in Europe and China. Phenotypic data was collected over several years and correlated between locations. Genetic analysis using a 9K SNP chip identified 473 clones and grouped accessions into occidental breeding, occidental non-breeding, oriental, and admixed categories. Genome-wide association studies identified major genes and QTLs associated with traits like acidity, melting behavior, and fruit flesh color.
FruitBreedomics KOM Stakeholders meeting 31-03-2011 11 WP1 breeders workshopfruitbreedomics
The document summarizes the agenda and organization of the WP1 workshop. It introduces the 5 tasks of WP1 and their leaders, including task 1.2 on developing SNP markers linked to selected traits/loci in apple and peach, led by Andrea Patocchi and Thierry Pascal. It provides an overview of the approaches and methodologies that will be used in tasks 1.1 on breeding strategies, 1.2 on SNP development, 1.3 on pilot studies, 1.4 on genotyping pipelines, and 1.5 on specifying a breeder interface. The partners involved in each task and their responsibilities are also outlined.
Lecture 3: Fruits and Vegetables HarvestingKarl Obispo
This document discusses harvesting of fruits and vegetables. It begins with learning objectives related to postharvest procedures, maturity indices, and harvesting practices. It then outlines topics to be covered including postharvest handling procedures, defining maturity indices, importance of maturity indices, differences between physiological and horticultural maturity, and harvesting practices for common fruits and vegetables. The document discusses factors that determine optimum maturity for harvesting, different types of maturity, maturity indices used for various fruits and vegetables, and methods for manual and mechanical harvesting. It stresses the importance of harvesting at proper maturity to ensure quality and storage life.
FruitBreedomics 1st Stakeholder Day meeting 20120207 Better3fruitfruitbreedomics
Better3fruit is a private apple and pear breeding company founded in 2000 by Annemarie Auwerkerken. They have 8 commercial apple varieties and focus on breeding for fruit quality, disease resistance, attractiveness, productivity, and storage ability. Their breeding program involves identifying parents, making crosses to generate progeny, and evaluating over 10,000 trees per year. They use markers and genetic profiling for parent selection, intellectual property, and hybrid identification. Notable commercial varieties include Nicoter, Greenstar, Zari, and Tunda. Their apple variety Apple 14 is highly productive with red skin, sour-sweet flavor, and excellent storage. Bottlenecks include space, labor, funding, and reliable markers for quantitative traits.
The document discusses the process for releasing and registering new fruit crop varieties in India. It provides details on:
1) The agencies involved at different levels of the variety release and registration process - including institute, state, central and protection levels.
2) Procedures for registering varieties with the National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR) and Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Authority (PPV&FRA).
3) An example of a recent variety proposal submitted for Pusa Swarnika grape at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, including justification, trial results, and disease resistance properties.
This document summarizes research objectives and methods to accelerate the breeding of high-yielding plantain and cooking bananas. The objectives are to breed varieties with good yield and consumer acceptability. The researcher describes banana breeding schemes including using diploids, triploids, and tetraploids. Methods proposed to speed up breeding include embryo rescue, molecular marker development, gene discovery for drought tolerance, genomic selection, and triploid production. Timelines for traditional breeding approaches and potential faster methods using new technologies are also presented.
Advances in breeding of Apple and pear.pptxTajamul Wani
1. The document summarizes breeding methods for apple and pear, including conventional methods like plant introduction, clonal selection, and hybridization, as well as newer non-conventional methods like mutation breeding, genetic transformation, marker-assisted selection, and CRISPR/Cas9 technology.
2. Important breeding objectives for apple include early and regular bearing, good fruit quality and storage, dwarfness, and disease/pest resistance. Important pear breeding objectives are high and regular bearing, excellent fruit quality, disease resistance, and dwarfness.
3. Newer transgenic technologies like CRISPR/Cas9 hold promise for quickly introducing economically important traits to improve existing cultivars for apple and pear breeding.
BREEDING FOR NEW TYPES OF HONEY SWEETPOTATO BASED ON LOCAL PLANT GENETIC RESO...University of Brawijaya
International Workshop Tropical Bio-resources For Sustainable Development, The Role of Innovation to Enhance Germany Alumni in Scientific and Professional Capacities, August 13rd-15rd 2014 Bogor-West Java, Indonesia
2013-3-RosBREED_Newsletter, pages 5 and 6Jill Bushakra
The document summarizes the RosBREED project's fourth annual meeting with Advisory Panels in San Diego, CA. It provides details on:
1) The meeting focused on project deliverables and impacts, and included an "apple auction" demonstration of how consumers evaluate fruit quality. Advisory panels complimented progress and made recommendations.
2) RosBREED numbers including over 336,000 data points collected on strawberry traits.
3) Profiles one Advisory Panel member, John Lott from Bear Mountain Orchards, who is interested in RosBREED to develop better fruit for customers.
4) Describes the "apple auction" demonstration conducted with Advisory Panel members to understand consumer preferences for fruit
The document summarizes the development of new apple rootstocks through a breeding program. It discusses:
- The program was initiated in 1967 by Drs. Cummins and Aldwinckle at Cornell University to develop disease resistant and high yielding rootstocks.
- Over 2,500 new rootstocks are currently in development through breeding and selection. Traits of focus include disease resistance, drought tolerance, cold tolerance and yield efficiency.
- Rootstock development involves multiple stages from parent selection and crossing, to disease screening, field trials and commercial production. Molecular tools are now used to aid selection.
- International collaboration has expanded apple rootstock breeding programs globally. Over 100 new rootstocks have been developed and distributed
The document summarizes a study comparing sources of sweet potato planting material for yield and quality in Ghana. Researchers tested four varieties multiplied either in insect-proof net tunnels or open field plots, across three northern Ghana locations. Results showed that planting material from net tunnels produced higher vigor plants with less sweet potato virus disease symptoms and damage from weevils, resulting in higher root yields compared to open field sources. Specifically, varieties known to be susceptible to virus diseases like Bohye, Dadanyuie and Ligri showed reduced virus symptoms when the planting material came from net tunnels. The study concludes that while negatively selected, apparently healthy planting material can be effective, net tunnel sources provide distinct advantages for maintaining healthy sweet potato crops.
The document summarizes the Smallholder Farmer Innovation Programme in South Africa, which aims to optimize conservation agriculture systems for non-commercial and semi-commercial smallholders from 2013-2015. It provides an overview of the methodology, equipment, soil recommendations, monitoring and evaluation, partnerships, and the scaling model used. Key points include: the programme worked with over 200 smallholder farmers across several villages in 2013-2015; it used a "farmer level experimentation" approach to test different planting and crop options; soil health was monitored using tests like Solvita and Haney; and visual indicators were used for local monitoring of conservation agriculture practices.
The document summarizes the results and plans of Work Package 3 (WP3) on pedigree-based analyses (PBA) in peach and apple breeding programs. Key achievements include improving the FlexQTL software to handle high densities of SNP markers, developing scripts to prepare input files, and adding visualization tools. WP3 discovered QTL for traits like flowering time and fruit quality in peach and plans to extend analyses to additional populations. For apple, WP3 constructed a dense SNP map and plans an integrated map using multiple families to identify QTL for disease resistance and other traits. Main challenges are normalizing phenotypic data across locations and constructing SNP haplotypes in peach, and developing an integrated genetic map for apple QTL analyses.
Harvesting practices for special market purposePawan Nagar
1. Harvesting is the act of gathering a ripe crop from the fields using various manual and mechanical methods depending on the crop.
2. Maturity indices help determine the optimal time to harvest crops to ensure acceptable quality for consumers. Indices include factors like color, firmness, sugar and acid content, and days after flowering.
3. The presentation discusses various maturity indices for fruits like mango, banana, citrus and vegetables and the importance of harvesting at the proper maturity stage.
This document summarizes research optimizing the preparation of a pro-vitamin A rich snack made from orange-fleshed sweet potato, okara, and maize flours. Sensory evaluation identified an optimal blending ratio of 67% sweet potato, 17% okara, and 17% maize flour that was highly accepted. The snack contained significant levels of beta-carotene and several minerals and amino acids. After 3 months of storage, the optimized snack formulation maintained sensory quality without microbial growth.
Abstract
Pathogen-tested sweetpotato planting material is shown to provide a significant boost in yield and quality in the sweetpotato seed systems and value chains. In the absence of pathogen-tested planting material, negative selection has been shown to be effective in some cultivars and locations as well. Protective net tunnels allow decentralised vine multipliers to maintain and multiply limited quantities of clean planting material. Commercial demand for sweetpotato planting material is likely to be sustained if seed producers are able to provide evidence of the superiority of their product to their customers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of net tunnel source and of pathogen-tested planting material on yield and health status (sweetpotato virus disease [SPVD] and weevil incidence) of crop. Studies were conducted in 2015, at locations in Ghana that varied with regard to SPVD and weevil pressure. Four varieties were used with pathogen-tested planting materials—‘Apomuden’, ‘Dadanyuie’, ‘Bohye’, and ‘Ligri’—and multiplied in net tunnels. ‘Apparently’ healthy (field-derived, negatively selected) material of the same varieties were also multiplied in adjacent field plots at one location in northern Ghana. For ‘Apomuden’, the apparently healthy planting material was multiplied in both net tunnel and open field at the same location. The trials were conducted at three sites in northern Ghana: Nyankpala, Navrongo, and Wa. At each site, 8 treatment combinations (4 varieties and 2 sources of planting material) were arranged in a trial design with three replicates. The 4 x 5.1 m plots were planted to 17 vine cuttings per row, spacing 0.30 m within rows and 1 m between rows, and no additional irrigation. Weeding, reshaping, and vine lifting were done at all locations. NPK (15:15:15) was applied at Navrongo and Wa, 4 weeks after planting, as recommended, due to natural poor soil fertility. Data were analysed using Genstat (12th edition). There were highly significant differences among varieties and trial sites for plant establishment, foliage yield, root yield, weevil damage, and SPVD rating; but source of planting material was not found to be significant. For SPVD, net tunnel source is better than open field (p<0.01).><0.04). The results indicate that apparently healthy planting material was as effective as pathogen-tested planting material. Net tunnels may have a distinct advantage for maintaining and multiplying planting material to produce healthy sweetpotato crops.
Putri E. Abidin
FruitBreedomics 1st Annual meeting 20120208 Presentation of new partners RCLfruitbreedomics
The document discusses apple production and breeding activities at the Laimburg Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry in South Tyrol, Italy. It notes that apples are the largest fruit crop in South Tyrol, making up 41% of the total fruit growing area. The most common variety is Golden Delicious, comprising 41% of apple production. The Research Centre has been breeding apples since 1996, creating over 30,000 seedlings from over 200 crosses with a focus on quality. It is now incorporating disease resistance into its breeding program and has participated in several international projects on apple breeding and quality trait identification.
This presentation contains Dragon fruit and its botanical classifications, nutritional composition of dragon fruit, health benefits, value added products such as jam, jelly, powder, spread etc.,
Analysis of the sensory attributes of plantain wine ok(areola)Alexander Decker
This study analyzed the sensory attributes of plantain wine as an alternative to imported wines in Nigeria. Researchers prepared plantain wine and conducted sensory tests with 100 respondents in Ikorodu and Ibadan, Nigeria. Respondents evaluated the wine's appearance, color, taste, aroma and acceptability on a scale of 1 to 6. The results showed that 80-100% of respondents rated the wine as good to excellent for each attribute. Statistical analysis found no significant differences in responses. The study concluded the plantain wine was acceptable to respondents and could be a satisfactory alternative to imported wines. It was recommended that further research develop plantain wines with other flavors to promote local production and economic development.
This document summarizes advances in seed testing technologies for major crops. It discusses the history and concepts of seed testing, including assessing genetic purity, physical purity, physiological quality, and seed health. Modern methods like molecular markers, image analysis, and spectral imaging provide non-destructive, quick, and highly accurate testing compared to traditional techniques. These advances allow for improved evaluation of seed quality attributes and performance.
This document summarizes pilot studies on peach conducted for the FruitBreedomics project. The objective was to verify the efficiency of MAS selection by screening 1500 trees from public and private partners for quality and resistance traits using SNP markers. Traits like flesh color, shape, acidity level, and resistance to aphids and powdery mildew were studied. Genotyping was performed using KASP technology. Results showed good prediction efficiency for resistance to green peach aphid and several quality traits, demonstrating the effectiveness of MAS. Further analysis of data and development of additional markers is needed to finalize the approach.
FQ-haplotyper is an R script that analyzes haplotype data from FlexQTL and assigns haplotype alleles. It considers each haploblock separately in half-sibling families, imputing missing SNP data or removing conflicting data based on Mendelian inheritance. The output includes files for further analysis and visualization of original and imputed haplotype alleles in pedigrees.
FruitBreedomics 1st Stakeholder Day meeting 20120207 Better3fruitfruitbreedomics
Better3fruit is a private apple and pear breeding company founded in 2000 by Annemarie Auwerkerken. They have 8 commercial apple varieties and focus on breeding for fruit quality, disease resistance, attractiveness, productivity, and storage ability. Their breeding program involves identifying parents, making crosses to generate progeny, and evaluating over 10,000 trees per year. They use markers and genetic profiling for parent selection, intellectual property, and hybrid identification. Notable commercial varieties include Nicoter, Greenstar, Zari, and Tunda. Their apple variety Apple 14 is highly productive with red skin, sour-sweet flavor, and excellent storage. Bottlenecks include space, labor, funding, and reliable markers for quantitative traits.
The document discusses the process for releasing and registering new fruit crop varieties in India. It provides details on:
1) The agencies involved at different levels of the variety release and registration process - including institute, state, central and protection levels.
2) Procedures for registering varieties with the National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR) and Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Authority (PPV&FRA).
3) An example of a recent variety proposal submitted for Pusa Swarnika grape at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, including justification, trial results, and disease resistance properties.
This document summarizes research objectives and methods to accelerate the breeding of high-yielding plantain and cooking bananas. The objectives are to breed varieties with good yield and consumer acceptability. The researcher describes banana breeding schemes including using diploids, triploids, and tetraploids. Methods proposed to speed up breeding include embryo rescue, molecular marker development, gene discovery for drought tolerance, genomic selection, and triploid production. Timelines for traditional breeding approaches and potential faster methods using new technologies are also presented.
Advances in breeding of Apple and pear.pptxTajamul Wani
1. The document summarizes breeding methods for apple and pear, including conventional methods like plant introduction, clonal selection, and hybridization, as well as newer non-conventional methods like mutation breeding, genetic transformation, marker-assisted selection, and CRISPR/Cas9 technology.
2. Important breeding objectives for apple include early and regular bearing, good fruit quality and storage, dwarfness, and disease/pest resistance. Important pear breeding objectives are high and regular bearing, excellent fruit quality, disease resistance, and dwarfness.
3. Newer transgenic technologies like CRISPR/Cas9 hold promise for quickly introducing economically important traits to improve existing cultivars for apple and pear breeding.
BREEDING FOR NEW TYPES OF HONEY SWEETPOTATO BASED ON LOCAL PLANT GENETIC RESO...University of Brawijaya
International Workshop Tropical Bio-resources For Sustainable Development, The Role of Innovation to Enhance Germany Alumni in Scientific and Professional Capacities, August 13rd-15rd 2014 Bogor-West Java, Indonesia
2013-3-RosBREED_Newsletter, pages 5 and 6Jill Bushakra
The document summarizes the RosBREED project's fourth annual meeting with Advisory Panels in San Diego, CA. It provides details on:
1) The meeting focused on project deliverables and impacts, and included an "apple auction" demonstration of how consumers evaluate fruit quality. Advisory panels complimented progress and made recommendations.
2) RosBREED numbers including over 336,000 data points collected on strawberry traits.
3) Profiles one Advisory Panel member, John Lott from Bear Mountain Orchards, who is interested in RosBREED to develop better fruit for customers.
4) Describes the "apple auction" demonstration conducted with Advisory Panel members to understand consumer preferences for fruit
The document summarizes the development of new apple rootstocks through a breeding program. It discusses:
- The program was initiated in 1967 by Drs. Cummins and Aldwinckle at Cornell University to develop disease resistant and high yielding rootstocks.
- Over 2,500 new rootstocks are currently in development through breeding and selection. Traits of focus include disease resistance, drought tolerance, cold tolerance and yield efficiency.
- Rootstock development involves multiple stages from parent selection and crossing, to disease screening, field trials and commercial production. Molecular tools are now used to aid selection.
- International collaboration has expanded apple rootstock breeding programs globally. Over 100 new rootstocks have been developed and distributed
The document summarizes a study comparing sources of sweet potato planting material for yield and quality in Ghana. Researchers tested four varieties multiplied either in insect-proof net tunnels or open field plots, across three northern Ghana locations. Results showed that planting material from net tunnels produced higher vigor plants with less sweet potato virus disease symptoms and damage from weevils, resulting in higher root yields compared to open field sources. Specifically, varieties known to be susceptible to virus diseases like Bohye, Dadanyuie and Ligri showed reduced virus symptoms when the planting material came from net tunnels. The study concludes that while negatively selected, apparently healthy planting material can be effective, net tunnel sources provide distinct advantages for maintaining healthy sweet potato crops.
The document summarizes the Smallholder Farmer Innovation Programme in South Africa, which aims to optimize conservation agriculture systems for non-commercial and semi-commercial smallholders from 2013-2015. It provides an overview of the methodology, equipment, soil recommendations, monitoring and evaluation, partnerships, and the scaling model used. Key points include: the programme worked with over 200 smallholder farmers across several villages in 2013-2015; it used a "farmer level experimentation" approach to test different planting and crop options; soil health was monitored using tests like Solvita and Haney; and visual indicators were used for local monitoring of conservation agriculture practices.
The document summarizes the results and plans of Work Package 3 (WP3) on pedigree-based analyses (PBA) in peach and apple breeding programs. Key achievements include improving the FlexQTL software to handle high densities of SNP markers, developing scripts to prepare input files, and adding visualization tools. WP3 discovered QTL for traits like flowering time and fruit quality in peach and plans to extend analyses to additional populations. For apple, WP3 constructed a dense SNP map and plans an integrated map using multiple families to identify QTL for disease resistance and other traits. Main challenges are normalizing phenotypic data across locations and constructing SNP haplotypes in peach, and developing an integrated genetic map for apple QTL analyses.
Harvesting practices for special market purposePawan Nagar
1. Harvesting is the act of gathering a ripe crop from the fields using various manual and mechanical methods depending on the crop.
2. Maturity indices help determine the optimal time to harvest crops to ensure acceptable quality for consumers. Indices include factors like color, firmness, sugar and acid content, and days after flowering.
3. The presentation discusses various maturity indices for fruits like mango, banana, citrus and vegetables and the importance of harvesting at the proper maturity stage.
This document summarizes research optimizing the preparation of a pro-vitamin A rich snack made from orange-fleshed sweet potato, okara, and maize flours. Sensory evaluation identified an optimal blending ratio of 67% sweet potato, 17% okara, and 17% maize flour that was highly accepted. The snack contained significant levels of beta-carotene and several minerals and amino acids. After 3 months of storage, the optimized snack formulation maintained sensory quality without microbial growth.
Abstract
Pathogen-tested sweetpotato planting material is shown to provide a significant boost in yield and quality in the sweetpotato seed systems and value chains. In the absence of pathogen-tested planting material, negative selection has been shown to be effective in some cultivars and locations as well. Protective net tunnels allow decentralised vine multipliers to maintain and multiply limited quantities of clean planting material. Commercial demand for sweetpotato planting material is likely to be sustained if seed producers are able to provide evidence of the superiority of their product to their customers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of net tunnel source and of pathogen-tested planting material on yield and health status (sweetpotato virus disease [SPVD] and weevil incidence) of crop. Studies were conducted in 2015, at locations in Ghana that varied with regard to SPVD and weevil pressure. Four varieties were used with pathogen-tested planting materials—‘Apomuden’, ‘Dadanyuie’, ‘Bohye’, and ‘Ligri’—and multiplied in net tunnels. ‘Apparently’ healthy (field-derived, negatively selected) material of the same varieties were also multiplied in adjacent field plots at one location in northern Ghana. For ‘Apomuden’, the apparently healthy planting material was multiplied in both net tunnel and open field at the same location. The trials were conducted at three sites in northern Ghana: Nyankpala, Navrongo, and Wa. At each site, 8 treatment combinations (4 varieties and 2 sources of planting material) were arranged in a trial design with three replicates. The 4 x 5.1 m plots were planted to 17 vine cuttings per row, spacing 0.30 m within rows and 1 m between rows, and no additional irrigation. Weeding, reshaping, and vine lifting were done at all locations. NPK (15:15:15) was applied at Navrongo and Wa, 4 weeks after planting, as recommended, due to natural poor soil fertility. Data were analysed using Genstat (12th edition). There were highly significant differences among varieties and trial sites for plant establishment, foliage yield, root yield, weevil damage, and SPVD rating; but source of planting material was not found to be significant. For SPVD, net tunnel source is better than open field (p<0.01).><0.04). The results indicate that apparently healthy planting material was as effective as pathogen-tested planting material. Net tunnels may have a distinct advantage for maintaining and multiplying planting material to produce healthy sweetpotato crops.
Putri E. Abidin
FruitBreedomics 1st Annual meeting 20120208 Presentation of new partners RCLfruitbreedomics
The document discusses apple production and breeding activities at the Laimburg Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry in South Tyrol, Italy. It notes that apples are the largest fruit crop in South Tyrol, making up 41% of the total fruit growing area. The most common variety is Golden Delicious, comprising 41% of apple production. The Research Centre has been breeding apples since 1996, creating over 30,000 seedlings from over 200 crosses with a focus on quality. It is now incorporating disease resistance into its breeding program and has participated in several international projects on apple breeding and quality trait identification.
This presentation contains Dragon fruit and its botanical classifications, nutritional composition of dragon fruit, health benefits, value added products such as jam, jelly, powder, spread etc.,
Analysis of the sensory attributes of plantain wine ok(areola)Alexander Decker
This study analyzed the sensory attributes of plantain wine as an alternative to imported wines in Nigeria. Researchers prepared plantain wine and conducted sensory tests with 100 respondents in Ikorodu and Ibadan, Nigeria. Respondents evaluated the wine's appearance, color, taste, aroma and acceptability on a scale of 1 to 6. The results showed that 80-100% of respondents rated the wine as good to excellent for each attribute. Statistical analysis found no significant differences in responses. The study concluded the plantain wine was acceptable to respondents and could be a satisfactory alternative to imported wines. It was recommended that further research develop plantain wines with other flavors to promote local production and economic development.
This document summarizes advances in seed testing technologies for major crops. It discusses the history and concepts of seed testing, including assessing genetic purity, physical purity, physiological quality, and seed health. Modern methods like molecular markers, image analysis, and spectral imaging provide non-destructive, quick, and highly accurate testing compared to traditional techniques. These advances allow for improved evaluation of seed quality attributes and performance.
This document summarizes pilot studies on peach conducted for the FruitBreedomics project. The objective was to verify the efficiency of MAS selection by screening 1500 trees from public and private partners for quality and resistance traits using SNP markers. Traits like flesh color, shape, acidity level, and resistance to aphids and powdery mildew were studied. Genotyping was performed using KASP technology. Results showed good prediction efficiency for resistance to green peach aphid and several quality traits, demonstrating the effectiveness of MAS. Further analysis of data and development of additional markers is needed to finalize the approach.
FQ-haplotyper is an R script that analyzes haplotype data from FlexQTL and assigns haplotype alleles. It considers each haploblock separately in half-sibling families, imputing missing SNP data or removing conflicting data based on Mendelian inheritance. The output includes files for further analysis and visualization of original and imputed haplotype alleles in pedigrees.
This document discusses the costs of using marker-assisted selection (MAS) in a peach breeding program run by IRTA-FruitFutur-ASF. It notes that MAS has been used routinely since 2012 to select for traits like flat fruit shape and acidity. The costs of MAS are about 3.5 euros per tree for DNA extraction, marker genotyping, and analysis. In comparison, traditional phenotypic selection costs about 6.7 euros per tree when considering costs of planting, maintaining trees in the orchard, evaluation, and elimination of trees from the orchard. An example is provided showing that for genotyping 1,000 trees using MAS, the total cost is around 7,272 euros, lower than the
FruitBreedomics MAB Services offers integrated consulting services to small fruit breeding companies to help overcome limitations in genetics expertise and laboratory facilities. The initial strategy of pilot studies and training was deemed insufficient, so FruitBreedomics now provides commercial consultancy services using their own data and expertise, with an approach that includes on-site visits to help clients.
This document summarizes apple and peach traits that have genetic markers available or in development for marker-assisted breeding. For apples, markers are available for resistances to scab, mildew, fire blight, and woolly apple aphid. Markers are also available or being developed for traits like fruit texture, acidity, sweetness, and color. For peaches, markers have been applied for resistance to green peach aphid and powdery mildew, as well as traits like flesh color, pubescence, and melting/non-melting flesh. Additional traits are still in development for both crops.
The document discusses selection for sub-acid taste and flat shape in peaches. It identifies single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with these traits: sub-acid taste is associated with one SNP; flat shape is associated with a haplotype of three highly linked SNPs. The SNPs could be used for marker-assisted breeding to more efficiently select for sub-acid taste and flat fruit shape, which are desirable traits for consumers.
The document discusses marker-assisted breeding and the services provided by the Sequencing and Genotyping Platform. It outlines the steps in marker-assisted selection, from laying out seedlings and collecting samples to running analyses. It also lists the facilities and equipment available, including robotic platforms for liquid handling and DNA/RNA extraction, real-time PCR systems, capillary sequencers, and Illumina platforms for high-throughput genotyping. The platform provides support for marker-assisted breeding programs through services like whole genome sequencing, targeted resequencing, and protocol development for next-generation sequencing applications.
This document summarizes a technical session on pyramiding scab and mildew resistance genes in apple breeding at Agroscope. The objective is to cross parent lines with different resistance genes to combine two or more genes against the same pathogen. Two crosses were made between parent lines containing different resistance genes for apple scab (Rvi6 and Rvi2) and powdery mildew (Pl2). SNP markers were used to analyze the crosses and determine which resistance genes were passed to the progeny. The document demonstrates using Excel to interpret the results of the marker analysis and determine which resistance genes were combined in the progeny for future disease resistance.
This document discusses the use of markers for parent selection in peach breeding and production. It covers 1) using markers to characterize relationships between parents and for cross planning to maximize genetic distance and heterozygosity, 2) using markers for seedling selection, and 3) using markers to assist in introgressing traits. It also discusses using markers for breeder's rights protection by creating molecular fingerprints of varieties.
The document summarizes a technical session on fruit tree sampling procedures for genomic analysis. It describes using a 96-well format for efficiency and two coding systems for identifying individual plants without labeling - positional coding using the layout of pots in plates and a combination number system. The demonstration showed efficient procedures for puncturing leaves and expediting plates for analysis, though the whole process took more time than expected. Costs are relatively low compared to DNA extraction and analysis, requiring close work with partner companies.
This document provides information about Centro Innovazione Varietale (CIV), including:
- CIV is an Italian company founded in 1983 aiming to develop new plant varieties through breeding and produce certified propagation materials.
- CIV operates on 52 hectares of land for variety trials, production of certified buds and seedlings, and strawberry nurseries.
- In addition to its own breeding programs, CIV participates in variety development programs with organizations around the world.
- CIV's portfolio includes over 30 strawberry, 12 apple, and 6 peach/nectarine varieties it has developed and licensed in over 27 countries.
This document provides a summary of a training seminar on the use of molecular markers in apple and peach breeding. The one-day seminar will cover topics including sampling procedures, utilizing markers for parental selection and hybrid selection in various breeding programs, markers available for different traits, and cost comparisons. Speakers will discuss examples from breeding programs at IRTA, Agroscope, FEM, and INRA. The afternoon will focus on the FruitBreedomics molecular breeding services and interface. The seminar aims to demonstrate how molecular markers can help breeders in tasks such as selecting for disease resistance, fruit quality traits, and verifying pedigrees.
The document describes Fruitbreedomics, a project that developed a database and breeding interface to improve fruit breeding programs. It collected large amounts of phenotype and genotype data from apple and peach varieties, including traits, markers, and resequencing data. It provides online tools for users to explore the data, including a JBrowse genome browser, breeder's interface to design crosses, and LDExplorer for linkage disequilibrium analysis. The goal is to bridge the gap between genetic research and breeding applications.
The document describes Pedimap software, which is a tool for visually presenting pedigree relationships. It can be used to clarify genetic structures in breeding germplasm and inheritance patterns. The software allows input of pedigree data along with optional phenotypic trait or marker genotype data. It provides different view types, including overviews, names only, names with phenotypic values, and names with marker genotypes. Pedimap is freely available and helps breeding programs validate parentage, true-to-type status of germplasm, and understand the origin and introgression of chromosome segments.
This document summarizes the work of the FruitBreedomics project WP2 on developing apple and peach pre-breeding material. For apples, the objectives were to introduce resistance to scab, mildew and fire blight through marker-assisted breeding in Switzerland and Germany. Selected progenies combined multiple resistance genes. For peaches, the focus was on resistance to powdery mildew and brown rot through conventional breeding in Italy, with some progenies combining both resistances. Marker-assisted breeding in France targeted resistance to multiple pests and diseases. The availability of pre-breeding material from different populations was also outlined.
This document summarizes initial results from modeling genome-wide predictions in peach. Eleven peach populations from four sites were genotyped and phenotyped for traits like fruit weight, sugar content, and acidity. Genotypes were imputed and a repeatability model was used to estimate heritability and predict trait values based on genomic relationships. Preliminary results showed variable predictive ability across populations and traits. Next steps include standardizing the data analysis and interpreting the results to draft a paper on genomic predictions in peach breeding.
This document summarizes a two-year pilot study on genomic selection in apple breeding. The study involved genotyping and phenotyping a training population of 20 full-sib families and 5 application families. Genomic prediction models were developed and used to calculate genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) for traits like fruit quality, size, and disease resistance. The accuracy of genomic prediction varied among traits from poor to moderate, and selection differentials based on GEBV were significant for several traits. The study provides a proof of concept for genomic selection in apple breeding but highlights the need for further research on prediction accuracy across multiple years and environments.
This document summarizes pilot studies on using molecular markers to assist breeding of new apple cultivars with improved disease resistance and fruit quality traits. Two crosses were made in 2011 and progeny were screened using SNP markers for scab, mildew resistance and fruit quality. Over 1000 seedlings were analyzed, and the best 176 for cross 1 and 100 for cross 2 were selected for further evaluation based on their molecular profiles. The studies demonstrated both benefits and challenges of marker-assisted breeding in apple.
This document summarizes a genome wide association study (GWAS) of two phenology traits, flowering period and picking date, in apple. The study used 1168 apple cultivars genotyped with an Affymetrix Axiom_Apple480k SNP array. Heritability estimates for the phenology traits were moderate to high. GWAS models accounting for population structure and kinship identified several significant SNPs associated with flowering period on chromosomes 9, 11, and 12. For picking date, significant SNPs were identified on chromosome 3. Some of the identified genomic regions overlapped with previous QTL mapping studies of the same traits, validating the GWAS approach. The study provides new markers that can be used for apple breeding
This document summarizes research that used pedigree-based analysis (PBA) to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in peach using data from multiple research centers. PBA was applied to 1,472 offspring from 18 crossing populations genotyped with 9K SNP markers and phenotyped for 24 traits. Several significant QTLs were detected for ripening date, sugar content, blush percentage, and acidity. The QTLs identified new alleles and genomic regions associated with these economically important traits. Integrating data from diverse populations allowed for discovery of more QTLs than previous studies using single progenies.
Must Know Postgres Extension for DBA and Developer during MigrationMydbops
Mydbops Opensource Database Meetup 16
Topic: Must-Know PostgreSQL Extensions for Developers and DBAs During Migration
Speaker: Deepak Mahto, Founder of DataCloudGaze Consulting
Date & Time: 8th June | 10 AM - 1 PM IST
Venue: Bangalore International Centre, Bangalore
Abstract: Discover how PostgreSQL extensions can be your secret weapon! This talk explores how key extensions enhance database capabilities and streamline the migration process for users moving from other relational databases like Oracle.
Key Takeaways:
* Learn about crucial extensions like oracle_fdw, pgtt, and pg_audit that ease migration complexities.
* Gain valuable strategies for implementing these extensions in PostgreSQL to achieve license freedom.
* Discover how these key extensions can empower both developers and DBAs during the migration process.
* Don't miss this chance to gain practical knowledge from an industry expert and stay updated on the latest open-source database trends.
Mydbops Managed Services specializes in taking the pain out of database management while optimizing performance. Since 2015, we have been providing top-notch support and assistance for the top three open-source databases: MySQL, MongoDB, and PostgreSQL.
Our team offers a wide range of services, including assistance, support, consulting, 24/7 operations, and expertise in all relevant technologies. We help organizations improve their database's performance, scalability, efficiency, and availability.
Contact us: info@mydbops.com
Visit: https://www.mydbops.com/
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For more details and updates, please follow up the below links.
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Lee Barnes - Path to Becoming an Effective Test Automation Engineer.pdfleebarnesutopia
So… you want to become a Test Automation Engineer (or hire and develop one)? While there’s quite a bit of information available about important technical and tool skills to master, there’s not enough discussion around the path to becoming an effective Test Automation Engineer that knows how to add VALUE. In my experience this had led to a proliferation of engineers who are proficient with tools and building frameworks but have skill and knowledge gaps, especially in software testing, that reduce the value they deliver with test automation.
In this talk, Lee will share his lessons learned from over 30 years of working with, and mentoring, hundreds of Test Automation Engineers. Whether you’re looking to get started in test automation or just want to improve your trade, this talk will give you a solid foundation and roadmap for ensuring your test automation efforts continuously add value. This talk is equally valuable for both aspiring Test Automation Engineers and those managing them! All attendees will take away a set of key foundational knowledge and a high-level learning path for leveling up test automation skills and ensuring they add value to their organizations.
AppSec PNW: Android and iOS Application Security with MobSFAjin Abraham
Mobile Security Framework - MobSF is a free and open source automated mobile application security testing environment designed to help security engineers, researchers, developers, and penetration testers to identify security vulnerabilities, malicious behaviours and privacy concerns in mobile applications using static and dynamic analysis. It supports all the popular mobile application binaries and source code formats built for Android and iOS devices. In addition to automated security assessment, it also offers an interactive testing environment to build and execute scenario based test/fuzz cases against the application.
This talk covers:
Using MobSF for static analysis of mobile applications.
Interactive dynamic security assessment of Android and iOS applications.
Solving Mobile app CTF challenges.
Reverse engineering and runtime analysis of Mobile malware.
How to shift left and integrate MobSF/mobsfscan SAST and DAST in your build pipeline.
"$10 thousand per minute of downtime: architecture, queues, streaming and fin...Fwdays
Direct losses from downtime in 1 minute = $5-$10 thousand dollars. Reputation is priceless.
As part of the talk, we will consider the architectural strategies necessary for the development of highly loaded fintech solutions. We will focus on using queues and streaming to efficiently work and manage large amounts of data in real-time and to minimize latency.
We will focus special attention on the architectural patterns used in the design of the fintech system, microservices and event-driven architecture, which ensure scalability, fault tolerance, and consistency of the entire system.
AI in the Workplace Reskilling, Upskilling, and Future Work.pptxSunil Jagani
Discover how AI is transforming the workplace and learn strategies for reskilling and upskilling employees to stay ahead. This comprehensive guide covers the impact of AI on jobs, essential skills for the future, and successful case studies from industry leaders. Embrace AI-driven changes, foster continuous learning, and build a future-ready workforce.
Read More - https://bit.ly/3VKly70
What is an RPA CoE? Session 2 – CoE RolesDianaGray10
In this session, we will review the players involved in the CoE and how each role impacts opportunities.
Topics covered:
• What roles are essential?
• What place in the automation journey does each role play?
Speaker:
Chris Bolin, Senior Intelligent Automation Architect Anika Systems
This talk will cover ScyllaDB Architecture from the cluster-level view and zoom in on data distribution and internal node architecture. In the process, we will learn the secret sauce used to get ScyllaDB's high availability and superior performance. We will also touch on the upcoming changes to ScyllaDB architecture, moving to strongly consistent metadata and tablets.
"Scaling RAG Applications to serve millions of users", Kevin GoedeckeFwdays
How we managed to grow and scale a RAG application from zero to thousands of users in 7 months. Lessons from technical challenges around managing high load for LLMs, RAGs and Vector databases.
Connector Corner: Seamlessly power UiPath Apps, GenAI with prebuilt connectorsDianaGray10
Join us to learn how UiPath Apps can directly and easily interact with prebuilt connectors via Integration Service--including Salesforce, ServiceNow, Open GenAI, and more.
The best part is you can achieve this without building a custom workflow! Say goodbye to the hassle of using separate automations to call APIs. By seamlessly integrating within App Studio, you can now easily streamline your workflow, while gaining direct access to our Connector Catalog of popular applications.
We’ll discuss and demo the benefits of UiPath Apps and connectors including:
Creating a compelling user experience for any software, without the limitations of APIs.
Accelerating the app creation process, saving time and effort
Enjoying high-performance CRUD (create, read, update, delete) operations, for
seamless data management.
Speakers:
Russell Alfeche, Technology Leader, RPA at qBotic and UiPath MVP
Charlie Greenberg, host
ScyllaDB is making a major architecture shift. We’re moving from vNode replication to tablets – fragments of tables that are distributed independently, enabling dynamic data distribution and extreme elasticity. In this keynote, ScyllaDB co-founder and CTO Avi Kivity explains the reason for this shift, provides a look at the implementation and roadmap, and shares how this shift benefits ScyllaDB users.
QR Secure: A Hybrid Approach Using Machine Learning and Security Validation F...AlexanderRichford
QR Secure: A Hybrid Approach Using Machine Learning and Security Validation Functions to Prevent Interaction with Malicious QR Codes.
Aim of the Study: The goal of this research was to develop a robust hybrid approach for identifying malicious and insecure URLs derived from QR codes, ensuring safe interactions.
This is achieved through:
Machine Learning Model: Predicts the likelihood of a URL being malicious.
Security Validation Functions: Ensures the derived URL has a valid certificate and proper URL format.
This innovative blend of technology aims to enhance cybersecurity measures and protect users from potential threats hidden within QR codes 🖥 🔒
This study was my first introduction to using ML which has shown me the immense potential of ML in creating more secure digital environments!
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity serverAntonios Katsarakis
This slide deck presents DLHT, a concurrent in-memory hashtable. Despite efforts to optimize hashtables, that go as far as sacrificing core functionality, state-of-the-art designs still incur multiple memory accesses per request and block request processing in three cases. First, most hashtables block while waiting for data to be retrieved from memory. Second, open-addressing designs, which represent the current state-of-the-art, either cannot free index slots on deletes or must block all requests to do so. Third, index resizes block every request until all objects are copied to the new index. Defying folklore wisdom, DLHT forgoes open-addressing and adopts a fully-featured and memory-aware closed-addressing design based on bounded cache-line-chaining. This design offers lock-free index operations and deletes that free slots instantly, (2) completes most requests with a single memory access, (3) utilizes software prefetching to hide memory latencies, and (4) employs a novel non-blocking and parallel resizing. In a commodity server and a memory-resident workload, DLHT surpasses 1.6B requests per second and provides 3.5x (12x) the throughput of the state-of-the-art closed-addressing (open-addressing) resizable hashtable on Gets (Deletes).
Getting the Most Out of ScyllaDB Monitoring: ShareChat's TipsScyllaDB
ScyllaDB monitoring provides a lot of useful information. But sometimes it’s not easy to find the root of the problem if something is wrong or even estimate the remaining capacity by the load on the cluster. This talk shares our team's practical tips on: 1) How to find the root of the problem by metrics if ScyllaDB is slow 2) How to interpret the load and plan capacity for the future 3) Compaction strategies and how to choose the right one 4) Important metrics which aren’t available in the default monitoring setup.
From Natural Language to Structured Solr Queries using LLMsSease
This talk draws on experimentation to enable AI applications with Solr. One important use case is to use AI for better accessibility and discoverability of the data: while User eXperience techniques, lexical search improvements, and data harmonization can take organizations to a good level of accessibility, a structural (or “cognitive” gap) remains between the data user needs and the data producer constraints.
That is where AI – and most importantly, Natural Language Processing and Large Language Model techniques – could make a difference. This natural language, conversational engine could facilitate access and usage of the data leveraging the semantics of any data source.
The objective of the presentation is to propose a technical approach and a way forward to achieve this goal.
The key concept is to enable users to express their search queries in natural language, which the LLM then enriches, interprets, and translates into structured queries based on the Solr index’s metadata.
This approach leverages the LLM’s ability to understand the nuances of natural language and the structure of documents within Apache Solr.
The LLM acts as an intermediary agent, offering a transparent experience to users automatically and potentially uncovering relevant documents that conventional search methods might overlook. The presentation will include the results of this experimental work, lessons learned, best practices, and the scope of future work that should improve the approach and make it production-ready.
In our second session, we shall learn all about the main features and fundamentals of UiPath Studio that enable us to use the building blocks for any automation project.
📕 Detailed agenda:
Variables and Datatypes
Workflow Layouts
Arguments
Control Flows and Loops
Conditional Statements
💻 Extra training through UiPath Academy:
Variables, Constants, and Arguments in Studio
Control Flow in Studio
Session 1 - Intro to Robotic Process Automation.pdfUiPathCommunity
👉 Check out our full 'Africa Series - Automation Student Developers (EN)' page to register for the full program:
https://bit.ly/Automation_Student_Kickstart
In this session, we shall introduce you to the world of automation, the UiPath Platform, and guide you on how to install and setup UiPath Studio on your Windows PC.
📕 Detailed agenda:
What is RPA? Benefits of RPA?
RPA Applications
The UiPath End-to-End Automation Platform
UiPath Studio CE Installation and Setup
💻 Extra training through UiPath Academy:
Introduction to Automation
UiPath Business Automation Platform
Explore automation development with UiPath Studio
👉 Register here for our upcoming Session 2 on June 20: Introduction to UiPath Studio Fundamentals: https://community.uipath.com/events/details/uipath-lagos-presents-session-2-introduction-to-uipath-studio-fundamentals/
Northern Engraving | Nameplate Manufacturing Process - 2024Northern Engraving
Manufacturing custom quality metal nameplates and badges involves several standard operations. Processes include sheet prep, lithography, screening, coating, punch press and inspection. All decoration is completed in the flat sheet with adhesive and tooling operations following. The possibilities for creating unique durable nameplates are endless. How will you create your brand identity? We can help!
Northern Engraving | Nameplate Manufacturing Process - 2024
29 gx e interactions-f. laurens
1. Environmental effects and
Genotype x Environment Interaction in apple
F. Laurens, F. Dupuis, … and colleagues who collected the
data for Novadi and HiDRAS
Preliminary studies from 2 datasets:
- INRA-Novadi Breeding programme
- cultivars from the European Project HiDRAS
-
5. seeds
crosses
seedlings resistant
to the scab test
G
l
a
s
s
h
o
u
s
e
young trees with good
behaviour against scab and
mildew
Elite Selections
Own root or grafting
Nursery
Selection process for new scab resistant
apple cultivars
1 new cultivar
O
r
c
h
a
r
d
Year 0
Year 6-8
Year 15-25…
Variety testing
Fruit Q
Yield…
6. Few studies on GxE on apple in
the litterature
• New Zealand (Alspach et al, 2002, Oraguzie et al 2003, Kumar et al,
2010):
Open pollinated progenies x 3 sites x 4 years
– Low GEI for tree and fruit traits; higher for mineral content, fruit
disorder, browning and powdery mildew susceptibility
• Canada (Hampson et al, 2008):
12 genotypes x 4 sites x 7 years
– High environmental effect but no significant GEI for tree vigour,
harvest time
– Significant for fruit attractiveness, firmness
7. Study of « environmental » effects in the
French INRA-Novadi dessert apple breeding
programme.
Practical and Methodological outcomes from a commercial
breeding programme
F. Laurens*, A. Kouassi*, F. Lebreton** and C. Pitiot**
* UMR GenHort INRA Angers – France
** Novadi , Lyon-France
D I E T
A G R I C U L T U R E
E N V I R O N M E N T
XIIth Eucarpia conference on Fruit Breeding and Genetics
8. 1
1
2
5 6
3
4Individuals in 1 = 6
Individuals in 2 = 5
Individuals in 3 = 4
INRA-Novadi Dessert Apple Breeding Programme
Location of the 6 nursery sites
Series 98, 99, 00, 01:
each ind duplicated
9. INRA-Novadi Dessert Apple Breeding Programme
Analysis on series 1998, 1999, 2000
• Experimental sites : 6 (1-6) in 3 pairs
• Families : 24
• Years of planting : 3 (98, 99, 00)
• Tree ages : 6 (2…7 years old)
• Years of observation : 7 (2000, …2006)
Anova model :
Y = µ + Site + Family + Tree Age + Obs. Year + Site * Family + e
=> 62 600 data
10. INRA-Novadi Dessert Apple Breeding Programme
ANOVA on a subset of 24 families
DF F values
Source Firmness Texture Flavour Juice Ac/
sugar
Global
Taste
Site 5 31 244 413 281 27 113
Family 24 15 7 11 12 13 9
Year 6 8 5 6 7 6 17*
Age 5 3NS 0 NS 3(5%) 1NS 2NS 4(1%)
Site x
family
94 5 6 7 7 4 7
* DF=4
Very High Site effect; Family effect significant but <<
12. INRA-Novadi Dessert Apple Breeding Programme
Study of the ‘site’ effect
226 ind from 6 progenies
Site 1 Site 6 Site 2 Site 5 Site 3 Site 4
Taste at Harvest time by each site
37 41 35
13. Site 4
Site 3 discarded selected
discarded 1 4
selected 0 11
Site 6
Site 1 discarded selected
discarded 9 18
selected 0 6
Site 5
Site 2 discarded selected
discarded 0 1
selected 0 8
2
5
1
6
3
4
INRA-Novadi Dessert Apple Breeding Programme
Results of the selection based on the sensory
assessment performed at harvest at each site
j
14. Site 4
Site 3 discarded selected
discarded 1 4
selected 0 11
Site 6
Site 1 discarded selected
discarded 9 18
selected 0 6
Site 5
Site 2 discarded selected
discarded 0 1
selected 0 8
2
5
1
6
3
4
INRA-Novadi Dessert Apple Breeding Programme
Results of the selection based on the sensory
assessment performed at harvest at each site
15. Phenotypic correlations between sites
within each pair
1-6 2-5 3-4
Attractiveness 0,41 0,54 0,32
Size 0,12 - 0
Firmness 0,52 0,2 0,11
Texture -0,26 0,60 0,29
Flavour -0,03 0,1 0
Global Taste -0,28 - -0,17
Juiciness 0,42 0,41 -0,34
Ac/sugar 0,27 -0,40 0,26
INRA-Novadi Dessert Apple Breeding Programme
Results of the selection based on the sensory
assessment performed at harvest in each site
P<0.01
P<0.05
NS or neg
16. Site 1 Site 6 Site 2 Site 5 Site 3 Site 4
Instrumental
Measurements
Colorimetry
Penetrometry
Sugar content
Acidity content
‘Sensory’
tasting
Taste at Harvest time by each site
assessment at INRA
10-20 fruit samples/ind sent to INRA
INRA-Novadi Dessert Apple Breeding Programme
Study of the ‘site’ effect
After2months
instorage
17. 2
5
1
6
3
4
INRA-Novadi Dessert Apple Breeding Programme
Results of the selection based on the sensory
assessment performed at INRA after 2 months
Site 4
Site 3 discarded ?? selected
discarded 25 5 0
?? 0 6 1
selected 1 1 2
Site 6
Site 1 discarded ?? selected
discarded 22 2 1
?? 3 3 0
selected 4 2 2
Site 2
Site 5 discarded ?? selected
discarded 22 3 2
?? 3 1 1
selected 0 0 0
18. Phenotypic correlations between sites
within each pair
1-6 2-5 3-4
Attractiveness 0,46 0,308 0,34
Firmness 0,63 0,264 0,42
Texture 0,004 0,18 0,30
Flavour 0,20 0,35 0,13
Juiciness 0,23 0,64 0,43
Ac/sugar 0,61 0,50 0,53
Global Taste 0,25 0,39 0,52
P<0.01
P<0.05
NS / 41 hyb / 34-35 hyb / 36-37 hyb
INRA-Novadi Dessert Apple Breeding Programme
Results of the selection based on the sensory
assessment performed at INRA after 2 months
19. Few concluding remarks (1)
Selection is dependant on both environmental and
« testor » effects
Big importance of site effects and GxE in selection:
ranking of the cultivars can be different from one site to the
other
Few practical questions for the breeders:
- what is their scope : worldwide cultivars or regional ones
?
- Is it better to get less genotypes but duplicated or more
genotypes not duplicated ?
21. HiDRAS- WP1 « phenotyping »
Plant material/ Fruit quality
• ≈450 progenitors = 30 « common » cvars + 420 specific
• 28 F1 progenies:
• Fuji x Mondial Gala (200 ind) : UniBo
• 27 progenies from :
– INRA : 13 (11 x 50 ind + 2 x 25 ind) : 600 ind
– SGGW : 4 (4 x 50 ind) : 200 ind
– RIPF : 4 (4 x 50 ind) : 200 ind
– BAZ : 3 (1 x100 ind + 2x 50 ind) : 200 ind
– RCL : 3 (1 x100 ind + 2x 50 ind) : 200 ind
26 cvars for this study
25. 4 dates of measurement:
- Harvest (optimal maturity)
- In storage:
+ 2 months
+ 4 months
- « Shelf life »: after 2 monts in storage + 10-12 jours
in the lab (+/- 20°C)
WP1 – Fruit quality assessment
for 3 years :
2003, 2004, 2005
28. 1 2 3 4 5 6
2345678
lieux
F2
D IT GB FR PO2 PO1
Elstar
Golden De
Mutsu
Priscilla
Discovery
Illustration the GxE interaction
Firmness
Sites
F2(Firmness)
Mutsu
Golden Del.
Elstar
29. 1 2 3 4 5 6
2345678
lieux
F2
D IT GB FR PO2 PO1
Elstar
Golden De
Mutsu
Priscilla
Discovery
Illustration the GxE interaction
Firmness
Sites
F2(Firmness)
Mutsu
Golden Del.
Elstar
Priscilla
30. Estimation of the GxE
=
« Ecovalence »; Wricke (1962)
• Wricke Ecovalence = Wi = Σ(Yij - Yi. - Y.j + Y..)2
• Where Wi = ecovalence of the cvar i,
• Yij = value of genotype i in year j,
• Yi. = mean effect of the genotype i
• Y.j = mean effect of year j
• Y.. = general mean (all genotypes, all years)
• Relative ecovalence = % ecovalence for 1 cvar or 1 site.
Low Wi => high stability
High Wi => low stability
31. Ecovalence of cvars for the instrumental traitsFiesta
GranSmit
Clivia
Pilot
IngMarie
Braeburn
Elstar
Jonathan
Idared
Jonamac
Prima
Monroe
Rubin
Mutsu
Topaz
JamesGr
Deliciou
Gloster
Pinova
Discover
Spartan
Elan
Akane
Priscill
GoldenDe
Gala
acidite inst
Ecovalence
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
GranSmit
Mutsu
Clivia
Fiesta
Gala
Discover
Pilot
Pinova
Monroe
Braeburn
Jonamac
Gloster
Jonathan
Spartan
GoldenDe
IngMarie
Topaz
Elan
Priscill
JamesGr
Prima
Akane
Rubin
Elstar
Idared
sucre inst
Ecovalence
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
Discover
Topaz
Priscill
Elan
Pilot
Fiesta
Akane
GranSmit
JamesGr
Braeburn
Pinova
Jonathan
Clivia
Gala
Prima
Deliciou
Spartan
Gloster
Idared
GoldenDe
IngMarie
Rubin
Monroe
Jonamac
Mutsu
Elstar
variable F2
Ecovalence
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
32. Ecovalence of cvars for the instrumental traitsFiesta
GranSmit
Clivia
Pilot
IngMarie
Braeburn
Elstar
Jonathan
Idared
Jonamac
Prima
Monroe
Rubin
Mutsu
Topaz
JamesGr
Deliciou
Gloster
Pinova
Discover
Spartan
Elan
Akane
Priscill
GoldenDe
Gala
acidite inst
Ecovalence
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
GranSmit
Mutsu
Clivia
Fiesta
Gala
Discover
Pilot
Pinova
Monroe
Braeburn
Jonamac
Gloster
Jonathan
Spartan
GoldenDe
IngMarie
Topaz
Elan
Priscill
JamesGr
Prima
Akane
Rubin
Elstar
Idared
sucre inst
Ecovalence 0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
Discover
Topaz
Priscill
Elan
Pilot
Fiesta
Akane
GranSmit
JamesGr
Braeburn
Pinova
Jonathan
Clivia
Gala
Prima
Deliciou
Spartan
Gloster
Idared
GoldenDe
IngMarie
Rubin
Monroe
Jonamac
Mutsu
Elstar
variable F2
Ecovalence
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
0
5
10
15
20
25
GranSmit
Fiesta
Clivia
Pilot
Discover
Braeburn
Topaz
Pinova
Mutsu
Jonathan
IngMarie
JamesGr
Elan
Monroe
Priscill
Jonamac
Akane
Elstar
Prima
Gala
Gloster
Spartan
Idared
Rubin
GoldenDe
Ecovalencesrelatives
acidité
sucrosite
penet
Cvar relative ecovalences
34. 1- ANOVA => GxE values
Firmness ~ Genotype + site + Genotype : Site
2- PCA => Principal components on the GxE Interaction data
Additive Main effects and Multiplicative
Interaction (AMMI)
35. -0.5 0.0 0.5
-0.50.00.5
composante 1 (65.3 % )
composante2(15.9%)
Akane
Braeburn
Clivia
Deliciou
DiscoverElan
Elstar
Fiesta
GalaGlosterGoldenDe
GranSmit
IdaredIngMarie
JamesGr
Jonamac
Jonathan
Monroe
Mutsu
Pilot
PinovaPrima
Priscill
Rubin
Spartan
Topaz
-10 -5 0 5 10
-10-50510
D
FR
ITGB
PO1
PCA of the interaction (AMMI) :
36. -0.5 0.0 0.5
-0.50.00.5
composante 1 (45.1 % )
composante2(32.6%)
Akane
Braeburn
Clivia
Deliciou
Discover
Elstar
Fiesta
Gala
Gloster
GoldenDeGranSmit
Idared
IngMarie
JamesGr
Jonamac
Jonathan
Monroe
Mutsu
Pilot
Pinova
Prima
PriscillRubin
Spartan
-4 -2 0 2 4
-4-2024
D
FR
GB
PO1
PO2
PCA of the interaction (AMMI)
without Italian data:
38. Conclusions-Perspectives
Importance of environmental effects
but also GxE
=> Main issue for the breeders
Difficult/impossible to predict so far
Needs for variety testing network as EUFRIN
We need more information on G x E:
merge breeding , variety testing (EUFRIN) , … data and
perform common statistical analyses
work with ecophysiologists to improve our understanding
in GxE ( models including environmental factors)
39.
40. 1 2 3 4 5 6
2345678
lieux
F2
D IT GB FR PO2 PO1
Elstar
Golden De
Mutsu
Topaz
41. PCA on the sensory data
-0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4
-0.4-0.20.00.20.4
composante 1 (71,4 % )
composante2(16,1%)
Akane
Braeburn
Clivia
Deliciou
Discover
Elan
Elstar
Fiesta
Gala
Gloster
GoldenDe
GranSmit
Idared
IngMarie
JamesGr
Jonamac
Jonathan
Monroe
Mutsu
Pilot
Pinova
Prima
Priscill
Rubin
Spartan
Topaz
-4 -2 0 2 4
-4-2024
ferm
croc jut gout
sucr
acid
text
PC 1 (71.4%)
PC2(16.1%)
42. Idared
7%
Red D.
6.5%
Elstar 4.4%
Braeburn 3%
Granny S. 3%
Shampion 2.9%
Fuji 2.2% Cripps Pink 1.5%
Golden D.
24%
Gala
10%Jonagold
8.5%
European apple production
FAOstat
43. Granny Smith
12%
Braeburn 6%
Red Del 4.8%
Fuji 3.7%
Canada
2.7%
Belchard
2.6%
Elstar
1%
Golden D.
34%
Gala
16%
French apple production
ANPP 2011
49. INRA-Novadi Dessert Apple Breeding Programme
Assessed traits in orchards
• Harvest date
• Fruit set
• # fruits/cluster
• Fruit drop
• Firmness
• Texture quality
• Juice
• Ratio Acidity/Sugar
• Flavour
• Global Taste
• Fruit size
• Overcolour
• % colouring
• Ground-colour
• Type of colouring
• Attractiveness
• Bitter Pit
• Russeting
• Water core
• Cracking
• Susc. P. mildew
• Susc. other diseases
Tree/harvesting
Attractiveness
Fruit Quality
Disease
Susceptibility
Physiological
disorders
Ordinal scale : 1 (low, bad) – 5 (high, very good)