This document summarizes a study that investigated the accessibility of visually impaired passengers at light rail transit stations in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The study assessed stations on the Kelana Jaya Line based on guidelines from Malaysia Standard Code of Practice for Access of Disabled People to Public Buildings. Site observations and interviews were conducted to evaluate facilities from the entrance to the ticketing area and from the ticketing area to platforms. The results found that while stations provided some accessible facilities, the design did not fully meet standards and created barriers for independent travel by the visually impaired. Improvements are needed to comprehensively meet accessibility guidelines and consider the social needs of disabled users.
This document is a curriculum vitae for Abdullah Omar Ali Aldhaibani. It provides his personal details, education history, work experience, publications, awards, and a recommendation. He obtained his PhD from University Malaysia Perlis in 2015 and is currently a postdoc fellow at University of Technology Malaysia working on 5G networks. He has over 20 publications in journals and conferences and has received several awards for his research on optical wireless technologies and fiber networks.
Suleiman Jadoun is a Jordanian telecommunications engineer currently working as a Senior Intelligent Networking Engineer at Orange Jordan. He has a Bachelor's degree in Telecommunications Engineering from Princess Sumaya University for Technology and a Master's degree in Engineering Business Management from the University of Warwick. His work experience includes various engineering roles at Orange Jordan developing value added services and intelligent networks.
Planning the Path and Avoidance Obstacles for Visually Impaired/Blind Peopleiosrjce
This document describes a navigation system for visually impaired or blind people using the A* pathfinding algorithm. The system consists of two parts: planning the path from a starting to ending location, and avoiding obstacles. Two tests were run for each part using C# and MATLAB. The results showed the A* algorithm successfully guided users between locations without errors in both indoor environments with and without obstacles. The document concludes the A* pathfinding approach using C# provides a valid and reliable method for indoor navigation assistance.
This document summarizes two studies that explored the needs, preferences, and concerns of visually impaired people regarding autonomous vehicles. The first study involved an online survey of 516 visually impaired respondents about their views on self-driving cars. The second study involved eight focus groups with 38 blind or low vision participants to discuss their opinions on emerging autonomous vehicle technology. The findings from both studies suggest that while visually impaired people see potential benefits from self-driving cars in terms of mobility and independence, they also have concerns about how the technology will be implemented that have not been fully addressed.
Simulating Performance Impacts of Bus Priority Measures IDES Editor
Public transport has an important role to play in the
provision of reliable travel in congested conditions as it makes
excellent use of limited road space, carrying many more
passengers than a private car for a given amount of road space.
This paper involves study and analysis of various Bus Priority
Measures in terms of change in delay with respect to normal
intersection for the buses and also for whole traffic flow
(including buses and all other vehicles) with the help of results
of VISSIM simulation software for various volumes of traffic
flow. These measures can be applied to give buses priority to
make them a more attractive alternative to the private vehicles
and reducing road congestion.
This document contains an architectural plan for a multi-level building with various workshops, studios, and other facilities. It includes floor plans for the ground level, first floor, roof top, upper ground level, and second floor. Sections and elevations are provided with callouts for structural and material details. The document also lists relevant architects, engineers, and the client for the project.
This document provides an overview of library resources and facilities for students at the USMC campus. It covers:
- Basic information about using the library space, computing suite, and equipment
- Accessing electronic resources through the library website and portal
- Finding references and materials from reading lists using the library catalog and databases
- Services for printing, copying, and laptop/internet access
- Contact information for library staff assistance
Transforming The Academic Library Services For Generation Y Using Knowledge M...tulipbiru64
Paper presented by Sharifah Fahimah Saiyed Yeop at the 4th PERPUN International Conference 2015: Information Revolution, 11-12th August 2015 at Avillion Legacy Hotel, Melaka.
This document is a curriculum vitae for Abdullah Omar Ali Aldhaibani. It provides his personal details, education history, work experience, publications, awards, and a recommendation. He obtained his PhD from University Malaysia Perlis in 2015 and is currently a postdoc fellow at University of Technology Malaysia working on 5G networks. He has over 20 publications in journals and conferences and has received several awards for his research on optical wireless technologies and fiber networks.
Suleiman Jadoun is a Jordanian telecommunications engineer currently working as a Senior Intelligent Networking Engineer at Orange Jordan. He has a Bachelor's degree in Telecommunications Engineering from Princess Sumaya University for Technology and a Master's degree in Engineering Business Management from the University of Warwick. His work experience includes various engineering roles at Orange Jordan developing value added services and intelligent networks.
Planning the Path and Avoidance Obstacles for Visually Impaired/Blind Peopleiosrjce
This document describes a navigation system for visually impaired or blind people using the A* pathfinding algorithm. The system consists of two parts: planning the path from a starting to ending location, and avoiding obstacles. Two tests were run for each part using C# and MATLAB. The results showed the A* algorithm successfully guided users between locations without errors in both indoor environments with and without obstacles. The document concludes the A* pathfinding approach using C# provides a valid and reliable method for indoor navigation assistance.
This document summarizes two studies that explored the needs, preferences, and concerns of visually impaired people regarding autonomous vehicles. The first study involved an online survey of 516 visually impaired respondents about their views on self-driving cars. The second study involved eight focus groups with 38 blind or low vision participants to discuss their opinions on emerging autonomous vehicle technology. The findings from both studies suggest that while visually impaired people see potential benefits from self-driving cars in terms of mobility and independence, they also have concerns about how the technology will be implemented that have not been fully addressed.
Simulating Performance Impacts of Bus Priority Measures IDES Editor
Public transport has an important role to play in the
provision of reliable travel in congested conditions as it makes
excellent use of limited road space, carrying many more
passengers than a private car for a given amount of road space.
This paper involves study and analysis of various Bus Priority
Measures in terms of change in delay with respect to normal
intersection for the buses and also for whole traffic flow
(including buses and all other vehicles) with the help of results
of VISSIM simulation software for various volumes of traffic
flow. These measures can be applied to give buses priority to
make them a more attractive alternative to the private vehicles
and reducing road congestion.
This document contains an architectural plan for a multi-level building with various workshops, studios, and other facilities. It includes floor plans for the ground level, first floor, roof top, upper ground level, and second floor. Sections and elevations are provided with callouts for structural and material details. The document also lists relevant architects, engineers, and the client for the project.
This document provides an overview of library resources and facilities for students at the USMC campus. It covers:
- Basic information about using the library space, computing suite, and equipment
- Accessing electronic resources through the library website and portal
- Finding references and materials from reading lists using the library catalog and databases
- Services for printing, copying, and laptop/internet access
- Contact information for library staff assistance
Transforming The Academic Library Services For Generation Y Using Knowledge M...tulipbiru64
Paper presented by Sharifah Fahimah Saiyed Yeop at the 4th PERPUN International Conference 2015: Information Revolution, 11-12th August 2015 at Avillion Legacy Hotel, Melaka.
Methodologies and evaluation of electronic travel aids for the visually impai...journalBEEI
Technological advancements have widely contributed to navigation aids. However, their large-scale adaptation for navigation solutions for visually impaired people haven’t been realized yet. Less participation of the visually impaired subject produces a designer-oriented navigation system which overshadows consumer necessity. The outcome results in trust and safety issues, hindering the navigation aids from really contribute to the safety of the targeted end user. This study categorizes electronic travel aids (ETAs) based on experimental evaluations, highlights the designer-centred development of navigation aids with insufficient participation of the visual impaired community. First the research breaks down the methodologies to achieve navigation, followed by categorization of the test and experimentation done to evaluate the systems and ranks it by maturity order. From 70 selected research articles, 51.4% accounts for simulation evaluation, 24.3% involve blindfolded-sighted humans, 22.9% involve visually impaired people and only 1.4% makes it into production and commercialization. Our systematic review offers a bird’s eye view on ETA development and evaluation and contributes to construction of navigational aids which really impact the target group of visually impaired people.
The document describes a proposed system called SRAVIP (Smart Robot Assistant for Visually Impaired Persons) that aims to assist visually impaired individuals in navigating indoor environments. SRAVIP includes two subsystems: 1) an initialization system to create an environment map and register users, and 2) a real-time operation system to navigate the mobile robot and communicate with users through speech or text. The robot utilizes sensors and simultaneous localization and mapping to safely guide a registered user to their desired location indoors. The system was tested successfully using a Turtlebot3 robot at a university campus.
Evaluationof Smartphone Accessibility Interface Practices for Older Adultsinventionjournals
ABSTRACT: Smartphone's can play a significant role in maintaining decent Quality of Life for elderly people. Key factor to Smartphone's usage success among elderly people depends on the accessibility of phone interface.Indeed, there is an exponential growth of the elderly population that suffers from age-related disabilities. Accessibility problems should be in mindfor developers. To address these issues in new smart phone devices there is no proper set of guidelines available that focus on this domain. So in this paper the work focuses on: (1) a set of guidelines to keep in mind in order to achieve accessibility in mobileinterfaces for older people. This checklist is the result of a review study of the literature, standards and best practices that are being performedin this area of knowledge, (2) use of this accessibility checklist aimed at elderly people, a survey of three mobile native Apps on androidplatform has been carried out, these Apps have as aim to modify the default interface for another more accessible one.
User experience evaluation for a bus tracking apps in smart campus initiativejournalBEEI
This document discusses a user experience evaluation of a bus tracking mobile application called UMS HopIn! developed for Universiti Malaysia Sabah. The evaluation used the MeCUE questionnaire to assess students' experience with the first prototype. Based on the evaluation, the application was found to meet users' expectations, with most requirements fulfilled and good user experience ratings. The development of the application followed a rapid application development methodology and user-centered design principles. It allows users to track bus locations in real-time, view estimated arrival times, filter bus routes, and make reports. The positive evaluation indicates the application's potential to support further smart campus initiatives at the university.
ALTERNATE EYES FOR BLIND advanced wearable for visually impaired peopleIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed wearable device called the "Third Eye for Blind" that aims to help visually impaired people navigate indoor environments independently. The device uses an ultrasonic sensor and microcontroller to detect nearby obstacles and alert the user via vibration and sound from a buzzer. As the distance to an obstacle decreases, the intensity of the vibration and sound increases. The goal is to provide a low-cost, compact, and easy-to-use solution to help the visually impaired avoid collisions while navigating indoor spaces unassisted. The document outlines the motivation, proposed system design and components, working principles, results of testing, and conclusions that such a wearable device could significantly benefit visually impaired individuals and communities.
This document outlines the research activities of Eduardo Castillejo and the DeustoTech-INTERNET research group at the University of Deusto. It provides details on the group's research areas such as adaptive user interfaces, context-aware mobile computing, smart environments, and the Internet of Things. It also summarizes several of the group's current and past projects, publications, and other achievements.
The document discusses road networks, including their functions and components. It reviews literature on road network concepts and Vision 2040, which outlines expectations for reliable, environmentally-friendly, and accessible road infrastructure. The document also examines road network operations, traffic management, and the role of road networks in social and economic development.
This document presents a literature review and discussion of designing mobile applications to aid independent travel for users with special needs. It discusses challenges faced by this user group in traveling independently as well as principles of universal design that should be considered. Existing apps that aim to help users with special needs travel independently and safely are also reviewed, including Way Buddy and SnApp, which take different design approaches. The document concludes that there is a clear need for such an app and that employing user research methods and universal design principles could help developers create an effective solution.
IRJET- A Survey on Indoor Navigation for Blind PeopleIRJET Journal
The document summarizes several existing indoor navigation systems that have been developed to assist visually impaired people. It describes 6 different systems that use sensors and devices like smart sticks, smart phones, guiding glasses, and RGB-D cameras to detect obstacles, provide navigation guidance, and describe the person's location and surroundings. The systems provide feedback through audio commands or vibrations. The comparison table evaluates each system based on the type of collision avoidance and object detection used, the guidance feedback method and devices/sensors, and key features. Overall, the document reviews and compares different technical approaches that have been studied to help visually impaired individuals safely navigate indoor environments.
Iaetsd intelligent bus alert system for blind passengersIaetsd Iaetsd
The document proposes an intelligent bus alert system to help blind passengers navigate public transportation. The system uses wireless sensor networks with ZigBee technology. Blind passengers are provided a ZigBee unit to identify themselves at the bus station. When a blind passenger is detected, the approaching bus is alerted to stop. The blind passenger can provide their destination via voice recognition, and the correct bus number is announced via headphones. The system aims to help blind passengers independently use public transportation through two-way wireless communication between the passenger and bus.
This work aims to provide a practical guide to assist students of Computer Science
courses and related fields to conduct a systematic literature review. The steps proposed
in this paper to conduct a systematic review were extracted from a technical report
published by the researcher Bárbara Kitchenham [1] and arranged in a more objective
format, in order to make information more accessible and practical, especially for those
who are having their first contact with this technique.
Toward Blind Travel Support through Verbal Route Directions: A Path Inference...Vladimir Kulyukin
The document describes an algorithm for inferring new route descriptions from existing route descriptions written by online communities. The algorithm uses information extraction techniques to tag landmarks in route descriptions. It then converts the tagged descriptions into a directed graph that can be searched to find new paths and generate new route descriptions. The goal is to automatically expand the number of route descriptions available to help visually impaired travelers navigate unfamiliar areas.
Kuala Lumpur Neighbourhood Case Study Taman Tun Dr. IsmailHazreena Hussein
This document summarizes research conducted on accessibility and inclusion in the Taman Tun Dr Ismail neighborhood of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The research included focus groups with residents from various groups, access audits of the neighborhood, and recommendations. Key findings included a lack of accessibility for persons with disabilities in transportation, community facilities, and public spaces. Recommendations focused on improving signage, accessibility in transportation and buildings, and establishing guidelines for inclusive design. The research aims to establish policies and design guidelines to make the neighborhood more accessible and inclusive for all.
DESIGN OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN BARAMULLA CITY OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR”.IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on designing public transportation in Baramulla City, Jammu and Kashmir, India. The study analyzed the existing public transportation system and identified issues like limited availability and long travel times. Surveys were conducted to understand transportation usage and needs. It was found that most people rely on private vehicles rather than public transportation. To promote greater public transportation use, the study developed timetables for bus and taxi services on key routes. The timetables aim to provide more frequent, reliable public transportation options to address current issues and encourage more people to shift from private to public transportation.
This document presents a robust railway crack detection scheme (RRCDS) that uses an LED-LDR assembly. It discusses the design and implementation of a simple and cost-effective crack detection robot. Key aspects include using an LED-LDR pair to detect cracks by measuring changes in light intensity, and interfacing this with an Arduino, GPS and GSM modules to locate and report any cracks found. The algorithm and mechanical design of the robot are also described. The proposed scheme was tested on the Chennai suburban railway and aims to provide an automated solution to crack detection suitable for large-scale implementation in India.
Some important considerations in the mechanical design are:
1) The bigger wheels (5.2
Simulation of pedestrian at intersection in urban congested areaeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
In India, as the fuel cost continues to rise, railway transport plays an important role. Although there are, so many
options of transportation are available like flights, trains, buses etc but most of the people prefer trains only as it
is cost effective and comfortable way of travelling and hence in today’s world railway becomes the lifeline of
India. When anybody goes through the daily news, they come across many accidents which are related to
railroad. So there must be good railway safety for the people as the rail accidents are often dangerous in terms of
the severity and death etc, when compared with the other transportation. There are several reasons present for
railroad related accidents but the major reason is cracks in rails. It is the main cause of railway derailments and
has the capacity to induce major damage to economy of the world. Therefore more efforts are necessary for
achieving the good rail safety. This system introduced a method for rail crack detection. The proposed system is
LED-LDR and Arduino based rail track detection scheme. It is cost effective and simple way of monitoring the
condition of the rails on a continual basis for the improving the railway safety which consists of GSM module
and Encoder.
11(7) 2020 ITJEMAST's published research articlesdrboon
This document summarizes a research study that examined the relationship between positivity, positive affect, negative affect, and perceived stress among cardiac patients. The study hypothesized that perceived stress would mediate the relationship between positivity and positive/negative affect. Researchers surveyed 519 cardiac patients, assessing positivity, perceived stress, and positive/negative affect. The results found that perceived stress mediated the relationship between positive affect and positivity, as well as between negative affect and positivity. Specifically, positivity was negatively correlated with negative affect and perceived stress, while perceived stress was positively correlated with negative affect. The findings suggest that reducing stress and increasing positive emotions can help reduce negative feelings in cardiac patients.
Methodologies and evaluation of electronic travel aids for the visually impai...journalBEEI
Technological advancements have widely contributed to navigation aids. However, their large-scale adaptation for navigation solutions for visually impaired people haven’t been realized yet. Less participation of the visually impaired subject produces a designer-oriented navigation system which overshadows consumer necessity. The outcome results in trust and safety issues, hindering the navigation aids from really contribute to the safety of the targeted end user. This study categorizes electronic travel aids (ETAs) based on experimental evaluations, highlights the designer-centred development of navigation aids with insufficient participation of the visual impaired community. First the research breaks down the methodologies to achieve navigation, followed by categorization of the test and experimentation done to evaluate the systems and ranks it by maturity order. From 70 selected research articles, 51.4% accounts for simulation evaluation, 24.3% involve blindfolded-sighted humans, 22.9% involve visually impaired people and only 1.4% makes it into production and commercialization. Our systematic review offers a bird’s eye view on ETA development and evaluation and contributes to construction of navigational aids which really impact the target group of visually impaired people.
The document describes a proposed system called SRAVIP (Smart Robot Assistant for Visually Impaired Persons) that aims to assist visually impaired individuals in navigating indoor environments. SRAVIP includes two subsystems: 1) an initialization system to create an environment map and register users, and 2) a real-time operation system to navigate the mobile robot and communicate with users through speech or text. The robot utilizes sensors and simultaneous localization and mapping to safely guide a registered user to their desired location indoors. The system was tested successfully using a Turtlebot3 robot at a university campus.
Evaluationof Smartphone Accessibility Interface Practices for Older Adultsinventionjournals
ABSTRACT: Smartphone's can play a significant role in maintaining decent Quality of Life for elderly people. Key factor to Smartphone's usage success among elderly people depends on the accessibility of phone interface.Indeed, there is an exponential growth of the elderly population that suffers from age-related disabilities. Accessibility problems should be in mindfor developers. To address these issues in new smart phone devices there is no proper set of guidelines available that focus on this domain. So in this paper the work focuses on: (1) a set of guidelines to keep in mind in order to achieve accessibility in mobileinterfaces for older people. This checklist is the result of a review study of the literature, standards and best practices that are being performedin this area of knowledge, (2) use of this accessibility checklist aimed at elderly people, a survey of three mobile native Apps on androidplatform has been carried out, these Apps have as aim to modify the default interface for another more accessible one.
User experience evaluation for a bus tracking apps in smart campus initiativejournalBEEI
This document discusses a user experience evaluation of a bus tracking mobile application called UMS HopIn! developed for Universiti Malaysia Sabah. The evaluation used the MeCUE questionnaire to assess students' experience with the first prototype. Based on the evaluation, the application was found to meet users' expectations, with most requirements fulfilled and good user experience ratings. The development of the application followed a rapid application development methodology and user-centered design principles. It allows users to track bus locations in real-time, view estimated arrival times, filter bus routes, and make reports. The positive evaluation indicates the application's potential to support further smart campus initiatives at the university.
ALTERNATE EYES FOR BLIND advanced wearable for visually impaired peopleIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed wearable device called the "Third Eye for Blind" that aims to help visually impaired people navigate indoor environments independently. The device uses an ultrasonic sensor and microcontroller to detect nearby obstacles and alert the user via vibration and sound from a buzzer. As the distance to an obstacle decreases, the intensity of the vibration and sound increases. The goal is to provide a low-cost, compact, and easy-to-use solution to help the visually impaired avoid collisions while navigating indoor spaces unassisted. The document outlines the motivation, proposed system design and components, working principles, results of testing, and conclusions that such a wearable device could significantly benefit visually impaired individuals and communities.
This document outlines the research activities of Eduardo Castillejo and the DeustoTech-INTERNET research group at the University of Deusto. It provides details on the group's research areas such as adaptive user interfaces, context-aware mobile computing, smart environments, and the Internet of Things. It also summarizes several of the group's current and past projects, publications, and other achievements.
The document discusses road networks, including their functions and components. It reviews literature on road network concepts and Vision 2040, which outlines expectations for reliable, environmentally-friendly, and accessible road infrastructure. The document also examines road network operations, traffic management, and the role of road networks in social and economic development.
This document presents a literature review and discussion of designing mobile applications to aid independent travel for users with special needs. It discusses challenges faced by this user group in traveling independently as well as principles of universal design that should be considered. Existing apps that aim to help users with special needs travel independently and safely are also reviewed, including Way Buddy and SnApp, which take different design approaches. The document concludes that there is a clear need for such an app and that employing user research methods and universal design principles could help developers create an effective solution.
IRJET- A Survey on Indoor Navigation for Blind PeopleIRJET Journal
The document summarizes several existing indoor navigation systems that have been developed to assist visually impaired people. It describes 6 different systems that use sensors and devices like smart sticks, smart phones, guiding glasses, and RGB-D cameras to detect obstacles, provide navigation guidance, and describe the person's location and surroundings. The systems provide feedback through audio commands or vibrations. The comparison table evaluates each system based on the type of collision avoidance and object detection used, the guidance feedback method and devices/sensors, and key features. Overall, the document reviews and compares different technical approaches that have been studied to help visually impaired individuals safely navigate indoor environments.
Iaetsd intelligent bus alert system for blind passengersIaetsd Iaetsd
The document proposes an intelligent bus alert system to help blind passengers navigate public transportation. The system uses wireless sensor networks with ZigBee technology. Blind passengers are provided a ZigBee unit to identify themselves at the bus station. When a blind passenger is detected, the approaching bus is alerted to stop. The blind passenger can provide their destination via voice recognition, and the correct bus number is announced via headphones. The system aims to help blind passengers independently use public transportation through two-way wireless communication between the passenger and bus.
This work aims to provide a practical guide to assist students of Computer Science
courses and related fields to conduct a systematic literature review. The steps proposed
in this paper to conduct a systematic review were extracted from a technical report
published by the researcher Bárbara Kitchenham [1] and arranged in a more objective
format, in order to make information more accessible and practical, especially for those
who are having their first contact with this technique.
Toward Blind Travel Support through Verbal Route Directions: A Path Inference...Vladimir Kulyukin
The document describes an algorithm for inferring new route descriptions from existing route descriptions written by online communities. The algorithm uses information extraction techniques to tag landmarks in route descriptions. It then converts the tagged descriptions into a directed graph that can be searched to find new paths and generate new route descriptions. The goal is to automatically expand the number of route descriptions available to help visually impaired travelers navigate unfamiliar areas.
Kuala Lumpur Neighbourhood Case Study Taman Tun Dr. IsmailHazreena Hussein
This document summarizes research conducted on accessibility and inclusion in the Taman Tun Dr Ismail neighborhood of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The research included focus groups with residents from various groups, access audits of the neighborhood, and recommendations. Key findings included a lack of accessibility for persons with disabilities in transportation, community facilities, and public spaces. Recommendations focused on improving signage, accessibility in transportation and buildings, and establishing guidelines for inclusive design. The research aims to establish policies and design guidelines to make the neighborhood more accessible and inclusive for all.
DESIGN OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN BARAMULLA CITY OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR”.IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on designing public transportation in Baramulla City, Jammu and Kashmir, India. The study analyzed the existing public transportation system and identified issues like limited availability and long travel times. Surveys were conducted to understand transportation usage and needs. It was found that most people rely on private vehicles rather than public transportation. To promote greater public transportation use, the study developed timetables for bus and taxi services on key routes. The timetables aim to provide more frequent, reliable public transportation options to address current issues and encourage more people to shift from private to public transportation.
This document presents a robust railway crack detection scheme (RRCDS) that uses an LED-LDR assembly. It discusses the design and implementation of a simple and cost-effective crack detection robot. Key aspects include using an LED-LDR pair to detect cracks by measuring changes in light intensity, and interfacing this with an Arduino, GPS and GSM modules to locate and report any cracks found. The algorithm and mechanical design of the robot are also described. The proposed scheme was tested on the Chennai suburban railway and aims to provide an automated solution to crack detection suitable for large-scale implementation in India.
Some important considerations in the mechanical design are:
1) The bigger wheels (5.2
Simulation of pedestrian at intersection in urban congested areaeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
In India, as the fuel cost continues to rise, railway transport plays an important role. Although there are, so many
options of transportation are available like flights, trains, buses etc but most of the people prefer trains only as it
is cost effective and comfortable way of travelling and hence in today’s world railway becomes the lifeline of
India. When anybody goes through the daily news, they come across many accidents which are related to
railroad. So there must be good railway safety for the people as the rail accidents are often dangerous in terms of
the severity and death etc, when compared with the other transportation. There are several reasons present for
railroad related accidents but the major reason is cracks in rails. It is the main cause of railway derailments and
has the capacity to induce major damage to economy of the world. Therefore more efforts are necessary for
achieving the good rail safety. This system introduced a method for rail crack detection. The proposed system is
LED-LDR and Arduino based rail track detection scheme. It is cost effective and simple way of monitoring the
condition of the rails on a continual basis for the improving the railway safety which consists of GSM module
and Encoder.
Similar to Accessibility of Visually Impaired Passengers at Urban Railway Stations in the Klang Valley (20)
11(7) 2020 ITJEMAST's published research articlesdrboon
This document summarizes a research study that examined the relationship between positivity, positive affect, negative affect, and perceived stress among cardiac patients. The study hypothesized that perceived stress would mediate the relationship between positivity and positive/negative affect. Researchers surveyed 519 cardiac patients, assessing positivity, perceived stress, and positive/negative affect. The results found that perceived stress mediated the relationship between positive affect and positivity, as well as between negative affect and positivity. Specifically, positivity was negatively correlated with negative affect and perceived stress, while perceived stress was positively correlated with negative affect. The findings suggest that reducing stress and increasing positive emotions can help reduce negative feelings in cardiac patients.
11(4) 2020 ITJEMAST Multidisciplinary Research Articlesdrboon
Research papers 2020 Behavioral finance; Personality traits; Behavioral factors; Overconfidence bias; Locus of control; Decision-making; Biased behavior Carbon (CO2) emissions; Economic Growth; Energy consumption; Trade; ARDL Approach; Granger Causality; Energy use Pedestrian start-up time; Street crosswalk, Pedestrian traffic signals; Pedestrians traffic lights; zebra crossings; Intersection crossings Service Attributes; Relationship quality; Relationship outcomes; Banking services; Electronic Customer Relationship Management; Virtual relationships; eBanking; eCRM College town landscape; College town character; Campus community; Urban identity; College town space; Sense of a place; Public Space; University gardens; Cultural identity; Campus identity; Businesses in college towns Emotional quotient; Self-emotional appraisal; Workplace Advice Network (WAN) Centrality; Service Sector Organizations; Sociometric matrix; Interconnectivity of nodes
11(3) 2020 ITJEMAST Multidisciplinary Research Articles drboon
Non-destructive testing method Heat loss Thermal conductivity Specific heat Know-how Psychological contract breach Employees' Workplace behaviour Workplace spirituality Human resource management (HRM) Power sector Positive classroom Male teachers Classroom management system Public primary schools Private primary school Positive motivation students Quality primary education Grout rheology Construction workings High-precision lining Tunneling complex Cement slurry Reinforcement solutions Smart building systems Green architecture Green roof Green design Sustainable environmental architecture Smart energy management Architecture technology Neo-Functionalism Trade integration CPEC agreement Economic integration Regional cooperation Pak-China relations Pak-Iran relations Central Asia Republics Sino-Pakistan Agreement
11(2)2020 International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Ap...drboon
Multidisciplinary Management, Journalism and Mass Communication Science (Information and Media Sciences), Political Sciences (International Affairs), Global Studies), Animal Sciences, Feeding Technology, Healthcare Management.
V8(3) 2017:: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & ...drboon
Research articles published in V8(3) 2017:: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies ==>
Awareness of Passive Design on Apartment Façade Designs in Putrajaya, Malaysia
127
Comparative Analysis of Low-Cost Housing Policies in Malaysia and Nigeria
139
A Study on Kevin Lynch’s Urban Design Elements: Precinct 9 East Putrajaya
153
Investigating Urban Design Elements of Bandar Baru Sentul, Kuala Lumpur
169
A Study on Sharing Home Ownership Schemes in Malaysia
183
The Impact of Window to Wall Ratio (WWR) and Glazing Type on Energy Consumption in Air-Conditioned Office Buildings
197
Competitiveness Factors of Thai Construction Industry within the AEC Context: A Qualitative Approach
209
Application of Confirmatory Factor Analysis in Government Construction Procurement Problems in Thailand
221
In 3 sentences:
The document discusses the key elements to consider when designing streets for livable cities, including pedestrians, vehicles, parking, and transportation options. It emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach that considers all users and aspects, such as transportation, safety, the environment, and the economy. The goal is to create streets that are social spaces where people can easily and safely walk, bike, access transit, and spend time, rather than only focus on traffic flow.
Impact of Building Envelope Modification on Energy Performance of High-Rise A...drboon
This document summarizes a research study that investigated the impact of building envelope modifications on the energy performance of high-rise apartments in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Three high-rise apartment buildings were modeled using EnergyPlus software to analyze the effects of thermal insulation and glazing type on potential energy savings. The study found that integrating passive envelope design measures like improved insulation and higher performing glazing could help reduce energy consumption and peak cooling loads in the apartments. Modifying elements of the building envelope, especially the walls and windows, may enable significant energy savings potential for high-rise residential buildings in hot and humid climates.
Enhancement of Space Environment Via Healing Gardendrboon
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Accessibility of Visually Impaired Passengers at Urban Railway Stations in the Klang Valley
1. 2012 International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies.
International Transaction Journal of Engineering,
Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies
http://TuEngr.com, http://go.to/Research
Accessibility of Visually Impaired Passengers at
Urban Railway Stations in the Klang Valley
a* a
Fairuzzana Ahmad Padzi , Fuziah Ibrahim
a
School of Housing, Building and Planning, University Sains Malaysia, MALAYSIA
ARTICLEINFO A B S T RA C T
Article history: Ensuring access to the built environment and public
Received 14 April 2012.
Received in revised form transportation is a crucial element in reducing the mobility
12 June 2012. constraints of people with disabilities. This study intends to
Accepted 15 June 2012. investigate the accessibility of visual impaired passengers regards
Available online 19 June 2012.
to interior design of Kelana Jaya Line LRT station. The access
Keywords:
audit was evaluated at core area, transition area and peripheral
Accessibility;
Visually Impaired area of selected LRT stations by using site observation and
Passengers; interview research method. A standard checklist was taken in
Light Rail Transit (LRT) accordance to the Malaysia Standards Code of Practice for
Station. Access of Disabled People to Public Buildings
(MS1184:2002).The result shows that, although most of the
stations accommodate access for disabled people however the
design of facilities provided was not fully incorporate with
standard requirement and user-friendly. These lead barriers to
independent living for persons with disability. As a conclusion,
aside from providing a complete of public access facilities,
comprehension of social sensitivity and capability to plan for
continuity and uniformity should be taken into consideration to
eliminate the architectural barriers in the built environment in the
future.
2012 International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, &
Applied Sciences & Technologies.
1. Introduction
The ability to move freely in either familiar or new environments leads us to freedom to
*Corresponding author (Fairuzzana). Tel/Fax: +6122919547. E-mail address:
fairuzzana_pejon@yahoo.com. 2012. International Transaction Journal of Engineering,
Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies. Volume 3 No.3 ISSN 2228-9860 eISSN 277
1906-9642. Online Available at http://TuEngr.com/V03/277-292.pdf
2. pursue our everyday routine. Without a gift of vision, it is very difficult and sometimes a
harrowing nightmare for visually impaired passengers to travel in unfamiliar built
environment (Espinosa et al., 1998). Although a lot of research has been done regarding
disabled people with respect to the built environment, however, there is a rarity of studies
focusing on the usability of public facilities and actual wayfinding problems faced by the
visually impaired passengers, especially at light rail transit (LRT) stations in Malaysia. Even
though guidelines and policies requiring the presence of ideal facilities for the visually
impaired at public buildings have been gazetted in Malaysia long ago, but, as to how far these
rules and regulations are being implemented as per standard requirement is still a question
mark. Do all facilities provided really meet the need? How do the visually impaired
passengers react towards these facilities? It is important that people should be aware that
accessible public buildings, in this case, LRT stations, is not only about providing the
facilities for the disabled, but to also ensure that all the facilities provided is practical,
optimally used and really meet the needs (Malaysian Association of Standard Users,
2010).Thus, this study is important to identify the current situation regarding public facilities
provided for visually impaired passengers and their wayfinding problems inside LRT stations.
The findings of this study will benefit train terminal designers as well as the government to
improve the quality of train station design and to increase the level of comfort inside public
transportation buildings.
1.1 Visual Impairment
According to the Malaysian Association of the Blind, there are differences between the
blind and those with low vision. People with low vision may have some useful vision, while
the blind are usually identified to have very little or no vision at all. The different levels of
vision among the blind and low vision is due to a number of different diseases and conditions
or accidents. According to the Malaysian Association of the Blind, the factors leading to
blindness or visual impairment are inherited or congenital conditions, ageing and conditions
related to disease or infections. In Malaysia, the recent statistics produced by the Department
of Social Welfare in 2010, shows that the total number of blind/visually impaired people who
have registered has increased from 26,155 in 2009 to 27,582 in 2010 and has been steadily
increasing over the last few years.
Without sight, it is very difficult to move independently especially in a large-scale
278 Fairuzzana Ahmad Padzi, and Fuziah Ibrahim
3. architectural and built environment. Research by Passini and Proulx (1988) points out that the
visually impaired and the blind usually rely on their previous training and experience to move
around inside the built environment. Hence, the previous success in travelling experience
helps them to gain confidence to navigate around the built environment which is primarily
designed for the sighted people (Corn, 1990). With regards to this issue, previous research by
Finkel (1994) identified that there are cues in the built environment that can influence the
blind and visually impaired people in their wayfinding. Among them are materials, sensory
cues and spatial configuration.
Although there are a lot of visual aids to help those with visual impairment to navigate
around, however, it should be noted that the built environment is supposed to be user friendly
by providing the needs of this minority group from the onset (Goldsmith, 1997).
Figure 1: Line type blocks (Source: MS1184 (2002), p.19).
Figure 2: Dot-type blocks (Source: MS1184 (2002), p.19).
*Corresponding author (Fairuzzana). Tel/Fax: +6122919547. E-mail address:
fairuzzana_pejon@yahoo.com. 2012. International Transaction Journal of Engineering,
Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies. Volume 3 No.3 ISSN 2228-9860 eISSN 279
1906-9642. Online Available at http://TuEngr.com/V03/277-292.pdf
4. 2. Guidelines and Standards for the Visually Impaired/Blind
Design requirements for visually impaired people should be taken seriously among
designers. It is to ensure that they have the same ability to move independently and safely
within the built environment. Hence, many countries have gazetted laws, standards or
guidelines with regards to barrier-free design. Although the guidelines may vary for each
country but the objectives are usually similar. In Malaysia, the guidance for barrier-free public
building is available in the Malaysian Standard Code of Practice on Access for Disabled
Persons to Public Buildings (MS1184: 2002). It is made mandatory by authorities by means
of regulations and local by–laws. The following are the standard requirements based on
MS1184 (2002), set out for the visually impaired/blind.
2.1 Guiding Blocks
Guiding blocks which are also known as tactile ground surface indicators, are special tiles
which are incorporated into walking surfaces that facilitate safe movement for those with
vision impairment. The guiding blocks are designed with raised markings of a certain height
which the visually impaired can feel through their feet. There are two types of blocks bearing
different kinds of raised markings which define different meanings to those with vision
impairment. The line type block or directional block, as in Figure 1, indicates the correct path
or route to follow. The warnings block or Dot-type blocks, as in Figure 2, are designed to
indicate hazards or destination facilities. It should be noted that there are certain distances for
installing these warning blocks to avoid accidents. The distance between the hazard and the
edge of the nearest guide block is usually 600mm. However, if it is a dangerous drop-off such
as railway platforms, it should be installed at 900mm from the hazard. An example of a
standard layout of guiding block is shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4. Besides this, based on the
MS1184 (2002), the standard guiding block must follow the following requirements; it must
be detectable underfoot, possess a durable non-slip material and must be contrasted with
adjacent surfaces.
2.2 Floor Finishes
The floor finishes should apply a slip-resistant surface with texture. There are different
types of floor finishes accepted for installation at wet locations or interior surfaces (areas that
are frequently washed) and dry areas. Based on the International Building Code (ICC/ANSI)
A117, 1 Section 4.5, (as cited in Ali et al., 2004), the floor materials with friction greater than
280 Fairuzzana Ahmad Padzi, and Fuziah Ibrahim
5. 0.5 are preferable to be deemed as slip-resistant floor finishes. Besides this, the floor finishes
should be contrasting in textures, colours and brightness to indicate the barrier or hazards such
as ramps, staircase and others. It should also be noted that green and red should not be chosen
as a pair of contrasting colours due to the deficiency in perceiving differences between some
colors among the colour blind (MS1184, 2002).
Figure 3: Guiding blocks used at entrance (Source: MS1184 (2002), p.20).
Figure 4: Guiding blocks used at stairs (Source: MS1184 (2002), p.20).
2.3 Signs and Symbols
The requirements for signs and symbols are referred from MS1184 (2002), 28.Signs and
Symbols. The size of the symbol and the height of lettering used for signage play an
important role to ensure that the information can be presented clearly. The height of letters
varies based on viewing distance. Signs with Braille or embossed lettering, as shown in
Figure 5 and Figure 6, will be very helpful to the blind or those with low vision. In addition to
this, as reported by Wurm et al. (1993), colour differences enable people to get more reliable
*Corresponding author (Fairuzzana). Tel/Fax: +6122919547. E-mail address:
fairuzzana_pejon@yahoo.com. 2012. International Transaction Journal of Engineering,
Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies. Volume 3 No.3 ISSN 2228-9860 eISSN 281
1906-9642. Online Available at http://TuEngr.com/V03/277-292.pdf
6. information about the object. Therefore, the background of the signage compared to the
lettering should be contrasting in colour to especially help those with low vision.
Figure 5: Signage in Braille (Source: www.life4hire.berceloteh.com/caring).
Figure 6: Braille Lettering at Hand Rail (Source: Individual photo collection).
2.4 Level of illumination
An adequate level of illumination is required to enable people to move safely and
independently. The illumination level for passageways or walkways, stairs and landing, ramps
and lifts should be not lower than 150 lux as specified in MS1184 (2002).
2.5 Announcements, Signals and Warnings
According to MS1184, public announcement systems and emergency warning signals
should be provided in both audible and visible forms. This will especially benefit people with
defective sight. Audible announcements can help the vision impaired people in their
wayfinding especially if there are no other cues. Besides this, all hazards for example, nosing
of staircases, need to be emphasized with sufficient illumination guides or guiding block
surfaces.
3. Methodology
The main objective of this research is to investigate the current condition of interior
design with regards to wayfinding for visually impaired or blind passengers inside the Kelana
282 Fairuzzana Ahmad Padzi, and Fuziah Ibrahim
7. Jaya Line LRT station. This study was designed as a survey based research using a qualitative
research approach. The qualitative data was collected through site observation and interviews.
The interview sessions involved both the staff and the disable users. The questions are based
on the current condition of the interior design in the LRT station which is related to
wayfinding for visually impaired and blind passengers including the awareness on their needs
to move independently. The primary data was also gained from site observation. A standard
checklist was referred to the Malaysian Standard Code of Practice for Access of Disabled
People to Public Buildings (MS1184:2002). All data collected were recorded and analyzed.
For this particular study, the observation had been done through three stages. These three
stages of observation was derived from the previous research done by Ali et al., (2004). The
first stage covered from the Main Entrance to the Ticketing Counter. This was followed by
the route from the Ticketing Counter to the Platform and the last stage was from the platform
into the subway car.
3.1 Case Studies
The case study was done at the Kelana Jaya Line LRT which reported the highest total
number of passengers (Department of Statistic Malaysia, 2009). There are 24 elevated light
rail (LRT) stations operating under the Kelana Jaya Line Light Rail Transit and 5 of them are
underground stations. Most of the stations at the Kelana Jaya Line are designed within single
buildings. However, there are certain stations that are integrated with other buildings or
shopping complexes. Therefore, for this study, the main entrance is determined based on the
location of the main entrance signage for each station. The site observation had been done to
all 24 stations. The design of stations differs by the platform designs, where there are island
platforms and side platforms. There are four main functional areas normally designed in most
stations; core, transition, peripheral and administrative areas (Kandee, (2001), p.14).The study
will only focus on the core area (which is the entrance to the ticketing and travel information
area) and the peripheral area, also known as the platform of the LRT station. The stations
usually receive a lot of passengers during weekdays, from 7am to 9am in the morning and
between 5pm to 7pm in the afternoon.
4. Findings
Generally, the design of the Kelana Jaya Line LRT Station is either an above ground
*Corresponding author (Fairuzzana). Tel/Fax: +6122919547. E-mail address:
fairuzzana_pejon@yahoo.com. 2012. International Transaction Journal of Engineering,
Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies. Volume 3 No.3 ISSN 2228-9860 eISSN 283
1906-9642. Online Available at http://TuEngr.com/V03/277-292.pdf
8. station or an underground station with both types being elevated stations. Although the
stations are provided with similar facilities, the layout plan however, varies for each station.
4.1 Stage 1 (Main Entrance to Ticketing Counter)
The site observation for Stage 1 covered from the Main Entrance to the Ticketing
Counter. Most of the station is provided with vertical circulation elements including
escalators, elevators and ramps for disabled people. However, the location of each facility is
not consistent and some of them are quite far and isolated from the main entrance. The
stations are using ceramic floor tiles as floor finishes. Although there are different types of
tiles, the color scheme is based on the grey color tone/range. The following are the results
from the site observation conducted at the Kelana Jaya Line LRT station.
Table 1: Audit survey at Above ground (Island Platform) Stations of the Kelana Jaya Line
LRT (Main Entrance to Ticketing Counter), 2011.
Station Element
Signage Floor Finish Lighting
Guiding
Braille Normal Slip- Color Natural Artificial
Block
resistant Contrast
Asia Jaya X x x
Universiti X x x
Kelana Jaya X x x
Pasar Seni X x x
Damai X x x
Setiawangsa X x x
Wangsa Maju X x x
Gombak X x x
4.1.1 Audit survey of Stage 1: Above ground (Island Platform) Stations of the
Kelana Jaya Line
Table 1 summarizes the findings for the audit survey at above ground stations with island
platforms. In overall, the elements provided at the above ground stations appeared to be
similar for each station. There is no proper guiding block being installed at the main entrance.
All stations were completed with standard signage which had basic designs for sighted
people. There is neither a signage in Braille nor a tactile map provided to facilitate people
with visual impairment. As described in Table 1, although all 8 stations comply with the slip-
resistant floor finishes, however, implementation of color contrast floor finishes seem to be
lacking at this area. Besides this, since it is an outdoor station, therefore, the illumination
comes from a combination of natural and artificial lighting.
284 Fairuzzana Ahmad Padzi, and Fuziah Ibrahim
9. Table 2: Audit survey at Above ground (Side Platform) Stations of the Kelana Jaya Line
LRT (Main Entrance to Ticketing Counter).
Station Element
Signage Floor Finish Lighting
Guiding
Block Braille Normal Slip- Color Natura Artificial
resistant Contrast l
Taman Jaya x x x
Taman
x x x
Bahagia
Taman
x x x
Paramounth
Kerinchi x x x
Abdullah
x x x
Hukum
Bangsar x x x
KL Sentral x x x x
Sri Rampai x x
Taman
x x x
Melati
Dato
x x x
Keramat
Jelatek x x x
4.1.2 Audit survey of Stage 1: Above ground (Side Platform) Stations of the
Kelana Jaya Line
In this part of the survey, architectural elements with regards to the needs and
requirements of the visually impaired and blind at side platforms from the main entrance up to
the ticketing counter had been sought (Table 2). Based on the survey, out of 9 stations, the Sri
Rampai Station is the only station that has continuity in its guiding path. The guiding blocks
for the other 8 stations do not comply with the standard requirements. Besides this, the
signage concerned were again only for sighted people. No signage in Braille was provided for
at this area except for a lift indicator. Based on the results shown in Table 2, the floor finishes
of these stations seem to be typical to the island platforms which applied the slip-resistant
type of floor tiles with a lack of colour contrast. Generally, all stations depend on both natural
and artificial lighting except for the KL Sentral Station. Since the Main Entrance of the KL
Sentral Station is located inside the building, therefore, it relies on artificial lighting.
4.1.3 Audit survey of Stage 1: Underground (Island Platform) Stations of the
Kelana Jaya Line
The results of the Stage 1 survey for underground stations are as shown in Table 3. In this
*Corresponding author (Fairuzzana). Tel/Fax: +6122919547. E-mail address:
fairuzzana_pejon@yahoo.com. 2012. International Transaction Journal of Engineering,
Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies. Volume 3 No.3 ISSN 2228-9860 eISSN 285
1906-9642. Online Available at http://TuEngr.com/V03/277-292.pdf
10. part of the survey, KLCC is the only station complete with proper guiding blocks from its
main entrance to the ticketing counter. Apart from this, as described in Table 3, all 5 stations
are designed with typical architectural design elements which consist of normal signage, non-
slip floor tiles and rely on natural lighting as well as artificial lighting. Again it is highlighted
that there is no signage in Braille provided.
Table 3: Audit survey at Underground (Island Platform) Stations of the Kelana Jaya Line
LRT (Main Entrance to Ticketing Counter).
Station Element
Signage Floor Finish Lighting
Guiding
Block Braille Normal Slip- Color Natural Artifici
resistant Contrast al
Masjid
x x x
Jamek
Dang
x x x
Wangi
Kg,Baru x x x
KLCC x x
Ampang
x x x
Park
4.2 Stage 2 (Ticketing Counter to Platform)
Stage 2 involves the ticketing counter area up to the platform area. Generally, most of the
stations are provided with the same facilities and specifications. In fact, all stations are also
provided with a special Automatic Fare Collection (AFC) gate line to facilitate people with
disabilities. However, there is no special ticketing counter for the disabled people. Therefore,
the disabled people usually will need assistance to purchase tickets. There are escalators,
staircases and elevators provided as access to the platform. However, some of the elevators
are located at an isolated area or are too far from the ticketing counter.
4.2.1 Guiding Blocks
There are guiding blocks installed from the ticketing counter leading to the elevators and
some other areas including the curb ramps and staircases to assist blind persons to detect
hazards along their pathway. However, most of the blocks installed at the station do not
fulfill the by-law requirements and also lack of continuity. Furthermore, the size of the tactile
and types of guiding blocks may differ from what has been stated in the guidelines.
286 Fairuzzana Ahmad Padzi, and Fuziah Ibrahim
11. 4.2.2 Signage
Most of the directional signage is shown after the ticketing counter except for stations
with island platforms. The directional signage for station with island platforms is only
available at the platform area. There is no directional signage in Braille or embossed lettering
(See Figure 7). Therefore, the visual impaired passengers may need assistance to guide them
to the correct platform.
Figure 7: Directional signage at the platform area at the Dang Wangi Station.
4.2.3 Floor Finishes
The floor surfaces for the ticketing counter area and the platform areas are from ceramic
tiles. Most of them are the slip-resistant which is in accordance to MS1184 (2002).
4.2.4 Lighting
Most of the stations are using a combination of natural lighting and artificial lighting
except for the underground stations. The level of illumination may vary for each station.
Normally, those with low vision rely on sufficient light levels to enable them to see contrast
and details from the environment (Carreon, 2000).
4.2.5 Others
During the site observation, there were a few visually impaired passengers who had
difficulties in their wayfinding from the platform to the AFC gate line exit as they lost the
guidance path (see Figure 8). Besides this, there were also some visually impaired passengers
who did not use the designated route for the disabled but instead, used the staircase as a
*Corresponding author (Fairuzzana). Tel/Fax: +6122919547. E-mail address:
fairuzzana_pejon@yahoo.com. 2012. International Transaction Journal of Engineering,
Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies. Volume 3 No.3 ISSN 2228-9860 eISSN 287
1906-9642. Online Available at http://TuEngr.com/V03/277-292.pdf
12. shortcut to the platform.
4.3 Stage 3 (Platform into the subway car)
The designs of the platforms vary from the side platform and the island platform. The
island platform is a single platform serving two tracks passing on either side. The side
platform is usually determined by two platforms with double tracks of railway lines. The size
of the platforms is almost similar for each type and has enough space for movement. Most of
the guiding blocks are provided in front of the elevators (see Figure 9). However, the guiding
blocks may not be provided along the tracks for every station. Although some platforms are
complete with guiding blocks, the type and the size of the tactile are inconsistent and may not
be according to the Malaysian Standard Code of Practice MS1184 (2002).
There is no audible indicator to give signals especially to the visually impaired
passengers in terms of which platform is heading to the north terminal or to south terminal. In
addition to this, there is no directional Braille signage provided at the stations.
Figure 8: Wayfinding by visually impaired passengers at the Ampang Park Station.
288 Fairuzzana Ahmad Padzi, and Fuziah Ibrahim
13. Figure 9: Guiding blocks at the platform area.
4.4 Interview
The population of passengers with disability using the LRT may not be as big as normal
people. Even though it is quite difficult to find visually impaired passengers around, however,
to fulfill the requirements of the research, the interview had been undertaken with the staff of
the Kelana Jaya LRT as well as the visually impaired passengers. According to the staff, the
visually impaired people who are using the system normally have been trained by their
colleagues before they manage to move around independently. Although they have experience
using the system, however, there is still a possibility of them being lost at the station. Besides
this, according to one of the members of the Malaysian Association for the Blind, the guiding
blocks provided at the station are not according to the requirements based on the Malaysian
Standard Code of Practice for Access of Disabled People to Public Buildings (MS1184:2002).
Furthermore, there was a low vision passenger who commented that he preferred to have
railings instead of guiding blocks. According to him, there is a possibility that the tactile may
be blocked by other objects which cause challenges for people like him to move around.
5. Discussion
A previous research by Mizuno T. et al. (2009) pointed out that tactile surface indicators
play an important role to guide the visually impaired or blind to perform a safe journey.
Moreover, as reported by Passini and Proulx (1988), compared to sighted people, the visually
*Corresponding author (Fairuzzana). Tel/Fax: +6122919547. E-mail address:
fairuzzana_pejon@yahoo.com. 2012. International Transaction Journal of Engineering,
Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies. Volume 3 No.3 ISSN 2228-9860 eISSN 289
1906-9642. Online Available at http://TuEngr.com/V03/277-292.pdf
14. impaired people rely more on the textural nature of a surface. However, based on the results
shown in Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3, the guiding blocks which are supposed to be a
guidance path for the visually impaired passengers to start a journey are not available at most
of the stations. In addition to this, based on the findings, most of the areas were not provided
with a proper guidance block as per specification in the MS1184 (2002). The common error
is usually due to the thickness of the height of the raised marking which does not comply with
the requirements. Only a few stations used very strong colour contrast of the guidance blocks.
As a result, the guiding blocks were not detectable underfoot. This can be seen from Figure 8,
where the passengers became lost in the middle of finding their way to the exit. Therefore,
compared to the literature review of previous studies, the results significantly show that lack
of implementation of standard requirements can lead to an error in finding the correct
guidance pathway for the blind or the visually impaired passengers.
Based on the results, it was also shown that signs in Braille were not something that
could be commonly seen in the stations. In fact, Braille signage was only provided at the
elevators and there were no directional signage in tactile. As the blind or visually impaired
persons rely on tactile (Rashtian, 2003), the disabled passengers will face difficulties in
finding the correct way independently. However, according to the staff working there, the
blind and the visually impaired passengers always rely on training or guidance before they
start travel independently. This has also been confirmed by a previous research by Passini and
Proulx (1988) which indicated that training or previous experience does help the mobility of
the disabled. In addition, the confidence level among the visually impaired or blind may
increase by successful travelling experiences (Corn, 1990).
Besides these, another factor that was highlighted is the layout and design of the stations.
The findings show that the layout and location of facilities varies for each station.
Consequently, the lack of continuity and uniformity will cause challenges to those with visual
impairment or the blind (Corn, 1990). As a result, although they may be familiar with the
station, there is a possibility of them experiencing errors in their wayfinding.
6. Conclusion and Suggestions
Based on the research conducted, it can be assumed that not every station is provided
with the facilities that comply with the requirements as listed in the Malaysian Standard Code
290 Fairuzzana Ahmad Padzi, and Fuziah Ibrahim
15. of Practice for Access of Disabled People to Public Buildings (MS1184:2002). Furthermore,
lack of continuity and consistency in station design may cause difficulties for the visually
impaired passengers to move around independently.
Besides this, there is an interesting outcome with regards to visually impaired passengers
who prefer to use other than the designated routes for the disabled. Therefore, in future
research, it is suggested that researchers may want to find out what other kind of cues or
architectural elements inside the built environment that may lead these disabled people to
their destination instead of merely using tactile ground surface indicators.
7. Acknowledgements
The authors greatly appreciate their colleagues and the volunteers for their cooperation
and contribution in undertaking data collection for this study. The authors also wish to
acknowledge the International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management & Applied
Sciences & Technologies (ITJEMAST) for their critical reading of the manuscript, and for
their great secretarial assistance. We would also like to thank RapidKL passengers and staff
for their cooperation and help. Appreciation is also recorded to the Malaysian Department of
Social Welfare and Malaysian Association of Blind for their cooperation.
8. References
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*Corresponding author (Fairuzzana). Tel/Fax: +6122919547. E-mail address:
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Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies. Volume 3 No.3 ISSN 2228-9860 eISSN 291
1906-9642. Online Available at http://TuEngr.com/V03/277-292.pdf
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Fairuzzana Ahmad Padzi is a lecturer of Interior Architecture Department in Universiti Teknologi MARA
Perak. She is currently doing her master degree in Interior Design (Human Comfort) at Universiti Sains
Malaysia. She received her Bsc. In Housing Building & Planning (Interior Design) from Universiti Sains
Malaysia in 2005. She involved in local and international construction industries, emphasis on interior design
since 2005.
Dr. Fuziah is an Associate Professor in the Interior Design Programme, Faculty of Housing, Building and
Planning, University Sains Malaysia. Her Ph.D. is from Manchester Metropolitan University (1995), M.A.
(Industrial Design) from Manchester Polytechnic (1991) and Hons. (HBP) from USM. She received a letter of
commendation from the Head of Department for her research achievements carried out for her M.A.
dissertation. Dr. Fuziah's specializes in product design and development and interior design.
Peer Review: This article has been internationally peer-reviewed and accepted for publication
according to the guidelines given at the journal’s website. Note: This article
was accepted and presented at the 2nd International Conference-Workshop on
Sustainable Architecture and Urban Design (ICWSAUD) organized by School
of Housing, Building & Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
from March 3rd -5th, 2012.
292 Fairuzzana Ahmad Padzi, and Fuziah Ibrahim