This document summarizes the Philippine Declaration of Independence from Spain on June 12, 1898. It was proclaimed by Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista as the special delegate of Dictator Emilio Aguinaldo's government. The declaration cites the abuses and oppression suffered under Spanish rule, including arbitrary arrests, deportations, and the executions of Jose Rizal and other Filipino priests and martyrs. It also references the country's history of conquest and occupation by Spain. The document declares the Philippines' independence and sovereignty as a free nation, with the people no longer owing allegiance to the Spanish Crown. It recognizes Aguinaldo's dictatorship and expresses confidence that his leadership will liberate the country from Spanish domination
Nation-state, nationalism, instruments of capitalism (1ª part)GRAZIA TANTA
Capitalism, to consolidate itself, created the nation-state, endowed it with tentacle and repressive state apparatus and a discriminatory ideology when not racist, the nationalism. As a process, capitalism has globalized, without losing the use of its instruments of accumulation and social management; even with the preponderance of the financial system as the main element of capital creation (fictitious), capitalism is the responsible for climate aggression. And there is no solution for the planet and humanity within capitalism and using its usual instruments - nation-state, state, nationalism, political classes.
Summary
1. How capitalism created the nation-state
2 - Nationalism as an instrument of ideological control
3 - To each nation a nation-state?
4. Capitalism magnifies the nation-state in its process of consolidation.
5 - The capitalist globalization reconfigures the role of the nation-state
5 .1 - Some segments taken from the domain of nation-states
6 - The State, local manager of the stratification of the Human beings
Chapter 2
From Hide to Heart
The Philippine-American War as Race War
There is no question that our men do “shoot niggers” somewhat in the sporting spirit. . . . Undoubtedly, they do not
regard the shooting of Filipinos just as they would the shooting of white troops. . . . The soldiers feel that they are
fighting with savages, not with soldiers.
H. L. WELLS, 1900
The warfare that has extended the boundaries of civilization at the expense of barbarism and savagery has been
for centuries one of the most potent factors in the progress of humanity. Yet from its very nature it has always and
everywhere been liable to dark abuses.
THEODORE ROOSEVELT, 1902
On February 9, 1899, an editorial in the New York Times raised a dangerous crisis of
recognition that had broken open in Philippine-American relations over the previous week.
The piece, titled “The Status of the Filipinos,” promoted the Senate ratification of the Treaty of
Paris, which would formally transfer sovereignty over the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Cuba
to the United States. With that treaty, Spain’s former subjects in the Caribbean and the Pacific
would become “dependent people under a military government established by the President.”
The problem was that over the previous half year in the Philippines “several thousand of these
new dependent peoples of ours” had “gone through the motions of setting up a Government at
Malolos.” American troops had been greeted as something less than liberators. On the
contrary, Filipinos had decided “we are invaders of their land” and, in the past week, had
“taken up arms against us.” What was the status of the “rebels” at this strange moment of
transition? As “Spanish subjects not yet denationalized,” they were not yet external to Spain
and thus could not be “regarded as the public enemy.” At the same time, as Congress had not
yet established their status, they were not yet internal to the United States and did “not as yet
owe us allegiance.” The only way to resolve the paradox was to exchange ratifications with
Spain: the passage of formal, legal sovereignty from Spain to the United States would legally
invent an “insurrection,” with the revolutionaries’ status becoming “that of insurgents against
their own Government.” At the same moment, the “name and nature of their offense” would
change. While Americans might recognize and “look with leniency” on rebels who “had been
persuaded to consider themselves an independent nation resisting a foreign foe,” once “our
sovereignty” was established “the fiction of an independent Government at Malolos” could not
be tolerated any more than “we tolerated it at Richmond some years ago.” Formal annexation
by treaty would simultaneously dissolve the United States’ foreignness in the Philippines, turn
imperial war into civil war, and convert the soldiers of the Philippine Army into
“insurrectionists.” Ridding Filipinos of their “delusions” would be “painful work” but
Kramer, Paul A.. <i>Blood of Government ...
Filipinos thought that the coming of the Americans was an immediate step toward Independence. That the Americans fought Spain to give the Filipinos their freedom. Truth was, Filipinos were winning the war against Spain in many fronts outside Manila. America intervened presumably to help prepare Philippine government rule on its own. But after many years, the Americans became the new colonizers; the Philippines became economically dependent on America but the fruits of progress went only to a few and to the many American corporations that flourished in the Philippines. Filipinos, inferior in military arms, used many ways to fight colonialism. One way, the Sakdal approach and the other, through Arts and Literature. We can learn many things about the character of the Filipinos through his struggle for independence.
Social Science 105 Politics & Governance with Constitution
Social Science 104 Philippine History with Politics & Governance
UNDER : Josefino Tulabing Larena ,AB, CPS,CPE,MPA
The Republic Essay
Republic Day Vs Day Essay
Republic Of The Usa Essay
Birth of the Republic Essay
The Dominican Republic Essay
Essay about Birth of the Republic
Essay on My Day
The Republic, By Plato Essay
The Early Republic ( 1775 )
The American Revolution, This is a very comprehensive look at the battle for Independence. Two volumes compressed into one single e-book. Lot's of pictures and maps. Great for research projects. Liberty Education Series from Gloucester, Virginia Links and News website. GVLN. Visit us for more incredible content.
Nation-state, nationalism, instruments of capitalism (1ª part)GRAZIA TANTA
Capitalism, to consolidate itself, created the nation-state, endowed it with tentacle and repressive state apparatus and a discriminatory ideology when not racist, the nationalism. As a process, capitalism has globalized, without losing the use of its instruments of accumulation and social management; even with the preponderance of the financial system as the main element of capital creation (fictitious), capitalism is the responsible for climate aggression. And there is no solution for the planet and humanity within capitalism and using its usual instruments - nation-state, state, nationalism, political classes.
Summary
1. How capitalism created the nation-state
2 - Nationalism as an instrument of ideological control
3 - To each nation a nation-state?
4. Capitalism magnifies the nation-state in its process of consolidation.
5 - The capitalist globalization reconfigures the role of the nation-state
5 .1 - Some segments taken from the domain of nation-states
6 - The State, local manager of the stratification of the Human beings
Chapter 2
From Hide to Heart
The Philippine-American War as Race War
There is no question that our men do “shoot niggers” somewhat in the sporting spirit. . . . Undoubtedly, they do not
regard the shooting of Filipinos just as they would the shooting of white troops. . . . The soldiers feel that they are
fighting with savages, not with soldiers.
H. L. WELLS, 1900
The warfare that has extended the boundaries of civilization at the expense of barbarism and savagery has been
for centuries one of the most potent factors in the progress of humanity. Yet from its very nature it has always and
everywhere been liable to dark abuses.
THEODORE ROOSEVELT, 1902
On February 9, 1899, an editorial in the New York Times raised a dangerous crisis of
recognition that had broken open in Philippine-American relations over the previous week.
The piece, titled “The Status of the Filipinos,” promoted the Senate ratification of the Treaty of
Paris, which would formally transfer sovereignty over the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Cuba
to the United States. With that treaty, Spain’s former subjects in the Caribbean and the Pacific
would become “dependent people under a military government established by the President.”
The problem was that over the previous half year in the Philippines “several thousand of these
new dependent peoples of ours” had “gone through the motions of setting up a Government at
Malolos.” American troops had been greeted as something less than liberators. On the
contrary, Filipinos had decided “we are invaders of their land” and, in the past week, had
“taken up arms against us.” What was the status of the “rebels” at this strange moment of
transition? As “Spanish subjects not yet denationalized,” they were not yet external to Spain
and thus could not be “regarded as the public enemy.” At the same time, as Congress had not
yet established their status, they were not yet internal to the United States and did “not as yet
owe us allegiance.” The only way to resolve the paradox was to exchange ratifications with
Spain: the passage of formal, legal sovereignty from Spain to the United States would legally
invent an “insurrection,” with the revolutionaries’ status becoming “that of insurgents against
their own Government.” At the same moment, the “name and nature of their offense” would
change. While Americans might recognize and “look with leniency” on rebels who “had been
persuaded to consider themselves an independent nation resisting a foreign foe,” once “our
sovereignty” was established “the fiction of an independent Government at Malolos” could not
be tolerated any more than “we tolerated it at Richmond some years ago.” Formal annexation
by treaty would simultaneously dissolve the United States’ foreignness in the Philippines, turn
imperial war into civil war, and convert the soldiers of the Philippine Army into
“insurrectionists.” Ridding Filipinos of their “delusions” would be “painful work” but
Kramer, Paul A.. <i>Blood of Government ...
Filipinos thought that the coming of the Americans was an immediate step toward Independence. That the Americans fought Spain to give the Filipinos their freedom. Truth was, Filipinos were winning the war against Spain in many fronts outside Manila. America intervened presumably to help prepare Philippine government rule on its own. But after many years, the Americans became the new colonizers; the Philippines became economically dependent on America but the fruits of progress went only to a few and to the many American corporations that flourished in the Philippines. Filipinos, inferior in military arms, used many ways to fight colonialism. One way, the Sakdal approach and the other, through Arts and Literature. We can learn many things about the character of the Filipinos through his struggle for independence.
Social Science 105 Politics & Governance with Constitution
Social Science 104 Philippine History with Politics & Governance
UNDER : Josefino Tulabing Larena ,AB, CPS,CPE,MPA
The Republic Essay
Republic Day Vs Day Essay
Republic Of The Usa Essay
Birth of the Republic Essay
The Dominican Republic Essay
Essay about Birth of the Republic
Essay on My Day
The Republic, By Plato Essay
The Early Republic ( 1775 )
The American Revolution, This is a very comprehensive look at the battle for Independence. Two volumes compressed into one single e-book. Lot's of pictures and maps. Great for research projects. Liberty Education Series from Gloucester, Virginia Links and News website. GVLN. Visit us for more incredible content.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
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Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
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2. In the town of Cavite-Viejo, Province of
Cavite, this 12th day of June 1898:
BEFORE ME, Ambrosio Rianzares
Bautista, War Counsellor and Special
Delegate designated to proclaim and
solemnize this Declaration of
Independence by the Dictatorial
Government of the Philippines, pursuant
to, and by virtue of a Decree issued by
the Egregious Dictator Don Emilio
3. The undersigned assemblage of military
chiefs and others of the army who could
not attend, as well as the representatives
of the various towns,
Taking into account the fact that the
people of this country are already tired of
bearing the ominous joke of Spanish
domination,
4. Because of arbitrary arrests and abuses of the
Civil Guards who cause deaths in connivance
with and even under the express orders of their
superior officers who at times would order the
shooting of those placed under arrest under
the pretext that they attempted to escape in
violation of known Rules and Regulations,
which abuses were left unpunished, and
because of unjust deportations of illustrious
Filipinos,
5. especially those decreed by General Blanco
at the instigation of the Archbishop and the
friars interested in keeping them in
ignorance for egoistic and selfish ends,
which deportations were carried out through
processes more execrable than those of the
Inquisition which every civilized nation
repudiates as a trial without hearing.
6. Had resolved to start a revolution in August
1896 in order to regain the independence
and sovereignty of which the people had
been deprived by Spain through Governor
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi who, continuing
the course followed by his predecessor
Ferdinand Magellan who landed on the
shore of Cebu and occupied said Islands
by means of a Pact of Friendships with
7. Although he was killed in battle that took
place in said shores to which battle he was
provoked by Chief Kalipulako (also known
as Lapu-Lapu) of Mactan who suspected
his evil designs, landed on the Island of
Bohol by entering also into a Blood
Compact with its Chief Sikatuna, with the
purpose of later taking by force the Island
of Cebu,
8. And because his successor Tupas did not
allow him to occupy it, he went to Manila, the
capital, winning likewise the friendship of its
Chief Soliman and Lakandula, later takin
possession of the city and the whole
Archipelago in the name of Spain by virtue of
an order of King Philip II, and with this
historical precedents and because in
international law the prescription established
by law to legalize the vicious acquisition of
9. the legitimacy of such Revolution cannot be
put in doubt which was calmed but not
completely stifled by the pacification proposed
by Don. Pedro A. Paterno with Don Emilio
Aguinaldo as President of the Republic
established in Biak-na-Bato and accepted by
Governor-General Don Fernando Primo de
Rivera under terms, both written and oral,
among them being a general amnesty for all
deported and convicted persons;
10. that by reason of the non-fulfillment of some
of the terms, after the destruction of the
Spanish Squadron by the North American
Navy, and bombardment of the plaza of
Cavite, Don Emilio Aguildo returned in order
to initiate a new revolution and no sooner had
he given the order to rise on the 31st of last
month when several towns anticipating the
revolution, rose in revolt on the 28th,
11. such that a Spanish contingent of 178 men,
between Imus and Cavite-Viejo, under the
command of a major of the Marine Infantry
capitulated, the revolutionary movement
spreading like wild fire to other towns of
Cavite and the other provinces of Bataan,
Pampanga, Batangas, Bulacan, Laguna, and
Morong, some of them with seaports and
such was the success of the victory of our
arms,
12. truly marvelous and without equal in the
history of colonial revolutions that in the
second first mentioned province only the
Detachment in Naic and Indang remained to
surrender; in the second, all Detachments
had been wiped out; in the third, the
resistance of the Spanish forces was
localized in the town of San Fernando where
the greater part of them are concentrated,
13. the remainder in Macabebe, Sexmoan, and Guagua;
in the fourth, in the town of Lipa; in the fifth, in the
Capital and in Calumpit; and in the last two remaining
provinces, only in their respective capitals, and the
city of Manila will soon surrounded by our forces as
well as the provinces of Nueva Ecija, Tarlac,
Pangasinan, La Union, Zambales, and some others
in Visayas where the revolution at the time of the
pacification and others even before, so that the
independence of our country and the revindication of
our sovereignty is assured.
14. And having as witness to the rectitude of
our intentions the Supreme Judge of the
Universe, and under the protection of the
Powerful and Humanitarian Nation, the
United States of America, we do hereby
proclaim and declare solemnly in the name
and by authority of the people of these
Philippine Islands,
15. That they are and have the right to be free and
independent; that they have ceased to have any
allegiance to the Crown of Spain; that all political
ties between them are and should be completely
severed and annulled; and that, like other free and
independent States, they enjoy the full power to
make War and Peace, conclude commercial
treaties, enter into alliances, regulate commerce,
and do all other acts and things which an
Independence Stage has right to do,
16. And imbued with firm confidence in Divine
Providence, we hereby mutually bind
ourselves to support this Declaration with our
lives, our fortunes, and with our most sacred
possession, our Honor.
17. We recognize, approve, ratify, with all the orders
emanating from the same, the Dictatorship established
by Don Emilio Aguinaldo whom we revere as the
Supreme Head of this Nation, which today begins to
have a life of its own, in the conviction that he has been
the instrument chosen by God, inspire of his humble
origin, to effectuate the redemption of this unfortunate
country as foretold by Dr. Don Jose Rizal in his
magnificent verses which he composed in his prison
cell prior to his execution, liberating it from the Yoke of
Spanish domination,
18. And in punishment for the impunity with
which the Government sanctioned the
commission abuses by its officials, and for
the unjust execution of Rizal and other who
were sacrificed in order to please the
insatiable friars in their hydropical thirst for
vengeance against and extermination of all
those who opposed their Machiavellian ends,
19. trampling upon the Penal Code of these
Islands, and of those suspected persons
arrested by the Chiefs of Detachments at the
instigation of the friars, without any form nor
semblance of trial and without any spiritual
aid of our sacred Religion; and likewise, and
for the same ends, eminent Filipino priests,
Doctor Don Jose Burgos, Don Mariano
Gomez, and Don Jacinto Zamora
20. were hanged whose innocent blood was shed
due to the intrigues of these so-called
Religious corporations which made the
authorities to believe that the military uprising
at the fort of San Felipe in Cavite on the night
of January 21, 1872 was instigated by those
Filipino martyrs, thereby impeding the
execution of the decree-sentenced issued by
the
21. Council of State in the appeal in the
administrative case interposed by the secular
clergy against the Royal Orders that directed
that the parishes under them within the
jurisdiction of this Bishopric be turned over to
the Recollects in exchange for those
controlled by them in Mindanao which were to
be transferred to the Jesuits, thus revoking
them completely and ordering the return
those parishes,
22. all of which proceedings are on file with the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs to which they are
sent last month of last year for the issuance
of the proper Royal Degree which, in turn,
caused the growth of the tree of liberty in our
dear land that grew more and more through
the iniquitous measures of oppression, until
the last drop of from our chalice of suffering
having been drained,
23. Nature of History
7. History is a dialogue between the events of
the past and progressively emerging future
ends.
8. History is not only narration but it is also an
analysis.
9. Continuity and coherence are the necessary
requisites of history.
10. History is relevant.
11. History is comprehensive.
24. Relevance of History
1. History help us understand people and
societies.
2. History contributes to moral understanding.
3. History provides identity.
4. Studying history is essential for good
citizenship.
5. History is useful in the world of work.
25. Primary Sources
● Provides direct or first-
hand evidence about an
event, an object, a
person, or a work of art.
“Primary sources are absolutely fundamental to history”
26. Different Kinds of Primary Sources:
Literary or Cultural Sources
Novels, plays,
poems (both
published and
in manuscript
form)
Television
shows, movies
or videos
Paintings or
photographs
1. 2. 3.
27. Chronicles or historical
accounts
Essays and Speeches
Accounts that describe events, people, or
ideas
Newspapers
Memoirs, diaries,
journals and letters
Philosophical treaties or
manifestos
1. 2. 3.
4. 5.
29. Census information Statistics
Finding information about a place
Maps and atlases
Photographs City directories Local libraries or
historical societies
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
30. Finding information about an organization
Archives (sometimes held
by libraries, institutions,
or historical societies)
1.
31. Three types of Written Sources
1. Narrative sources or Literary sources
2. Diplomatic sources
3. Social documents
32. Secondary Sources
● Generally describe, discuss, interpret,
comment upon, analyse, evaluate,
summarize, and process the primary
sources. It can be found in scholarly
journals that discuss or evaluate
someone else’s original research.
33. QUIZ: 1 WHOLE SHEET OF PAPER
Part I. Direction: In a minimum of five sentences, answer the following questions briefly.
1. How important of history to mankind?
2. Differentiate primary sources from secondary sources.
3. Why is it more credible and reliable to use the primary sources?
Part II. Direction: Identify the primary source where you can get the following information.
1. The Declaration of Martial Law in 1972
2. The Assasination of Sen. Benigno Aquino
3. Narrative accounts of comfort women during World War II
4. Emergence of Social Media
5. Breakdown of Berlin Wall
6. First day of EDSA revolution
7. Burial of Fernando Poe Jr.
8. Discovery of Computer
9. Landing of Man in the Moon
10. Senatorial Election Results of 2013