2/4/2019 Assignment due Week 5 - Mainstream media and HIV/AIDS
https://oregonstate.instructure.com/courses/1708319/assignments/7429085?module_item_id=18423339 1/3
Assignment due Week 5 - Mainstream media and HIV/AIDS
Due Thursday by 11:59pm Points 30 Submitting a text entry box or a file upload
Assignment Rubric
Submit Assignment
Purpose
Critical analysis is a vital part of learning. The goal of this assignment is to help you practice
your skills in reading mainstream media articles and being able to critically evaluate it as a
source of information.
Instruc ons
Your analysis of the article should exhibit careful thought, logical reasoning and provide evidence for your
answers. Each post should be at least two well-developed paragraph (approximately 4-6 sentences each
minimum). Use correct spelling, punctuation, and grammar.
Identify an article released by the mainstream media to the general public that discusses HIV/AIDS.
Example of an article is Botswana HIV Aids Deaths Decline
(https://allafrica.com/stories/201810030288.html) .
1. Identify which levels of the SEM are being addressed
2. Identify which levels of the SEM not addressed
3. In what ways might this article lead to stigma and discrimination that places a person or group at risk of
contracting HIV/AIDS?
4. Provide a written opinion on the how this article positively, negatively, or even excludes information
that contributes to the stemming of the HIV/AIDS epidemic.
Submission Details
Due: Thursday by 11:59 pm
Grading Criteria
Opinion based in logical reasoning and evidence: 4 points
Identified SEM levels (both addressed and not addressed): 2 points
Length of post approximately 4-6 sentences or more: 2 points
Spelling and grammar: 2 points
2/4/2019 Assignment due Week 5 - Mainstream media and HIV/AIDS
https://oregonstate.instructure.com/courses/1708319/assignments/7429085?module_item_id=18423339 2/3
Criteria Ratings Pts
8.0 pts
8.0 pts
4.0 pts
3.0 pts
Organization
8.0 pts
Full Marks
Writing shows high
degree of attention
to logic and
reasoning of points.
Unity clearly leads
the reader to the
conclusion and stirs
thought regarding
the topic.
6.0 pts
Above Average
Writing is coherent
and logically
organized with
transitions used
between ideas and
paragraphs to
create coherence.
Overall unity of
ideas is present.
4.0 pts
Adequate
Writing is coherent
and logically
organized. Some
points remain
misplaced and
stray from the topic.
Transitions evident
but not used
throughout essay.
2.0 pts
Inadequate
Writing lacks
logical
organization.
It shows
some
coherence
but ideas
lack unity.
Serious
errors.
0.0 pts
No
Marks
Level of
Content
8.0 pts
Full Marks
Content indicates
synthesis of ideas,
in-depth analysis
and evidences
original thought and
support for the topic.
6.0 pts
Above Average
Content
indicates
original thinking
and develops
ideas with
sufficient and
firm evidence.
4.0 pts
Adequate
Content
indicates
thinking and
reasoning
app.
SOCI 201
Sociological Observation Grading Rubric
Module/Week 5
Criteria
Levels of Achievement
Content 70%
63 points
Advanced 90-100% (A)
Proficient 70-89% (B-C)
Developing 1-69% (< D)
Not present
Content
57 to 63 points
The paper exceeds content requirements:
The assignment is an observation study of current social problem chosen from the list provided in the assignment instructions.
The paper is 6-8 pages long; all topics are clearly addressed, including all parts of the paper.
Information clearly relates to the main topic; paper includes supporting details.
All supportive facts are reported accurately or paraphrased, and appropriately cited using APA guidelines.
44 to 56 points
The paper meets content requirements:
The assignment is an observation study of current social problem chosen from the list provided in the assignment instructions.
The paper is 6-8 pages long; all topics are clearly addressed, including all parts of the paper.
Information clearly relates to the main topic; paper includes supporting details.
All supportive facts are reported accurately or paraphrased, and appropriately cited using APA guidelines.
1 to 43 points
The paper meets some of the content requirements:
The assignment is an observation study of current social problem chosen from the list provided in the assignment instructions.
The paper is 6-8 pages long; all topics are clearly addressed, including all parts of the paper.
Information clearly relates to the main topic; paper includes supporting details.
All supportive facts are reported accurately or paraphrased, and appropriately cited using APA guidelines.
0 points
Not present.
Structure 30%
27 points
Advanced 90-100% (A)
Proficient 70-89% (B-C)
Developing 1-69% (< D)
Not present
Mechanics
24 to 27 points
The paper exceeds structure requirements:
Paper is free of grammar, spelling, and/or punctuation errors.
19 to 23 points
The paper meets structure requirements:
Paper is free of grammar, spelling, and/or punctuation errors.
1 to 18 points
The paper meets most of the structure requirements:
Paper is free of grammar, spelling, and/or punctuation errors.
0 points
Not present.
Exemplary
Proficient
Progressing
Emerging
Element (1): Responsiveness: Did the student respond to the main question of the week?
9 points (28%)
Posts exceed requirements of the Discussion instructions (e.g., respond to the question being asked; go beyond what is required [i.e., incorporates additional readings outside of the assigned Learning Resources, and/or shares relevant professional experiences]; are substantive, reflective, and refers to Learning Resources demonstrating that the student has considered the information in Learning Resources and colleague postings).
9 points
Posts are responsive to and meet the requirements of the Discussion instructions. Posts respond to the question being asked in a substantive, reflective way and refer to Learning Resources demonstrating that the student has read, viewed, and consider.
Discussion Posting and Response RubricExemplaryProficientP.docxduketjoy27252
Discussion Posting and Response Rubric
Exemplary
Proficient
Progressing
Emerging
Element (1): Responsiveness: Did the student respond to the main question of the week?
10 points (28%)
Posts exceed requirements of the discussion instructions (e.g., respond to the question being asked; go beyond what is required (i.e., incorporates additional readings outside of the assigned learning resources, and/or shares relevant professional experiences); are substantive, reflective, and refers to learning resources demonstrating that the student has considered the information in learning resources and colleague postings).
10 points
Posts are responsive to and meet the requirements of the discussion instructions. Posts respond to the question being asked in a substantive, reflective way and refer to learning resources demonstrating that the student has read, viewed, and considered the learning resources and colleague postings.
8–9 points
Posts are somewhat responsive to the requirements of the discussion instructions. Posts are not substantive and rely more on anecdotal evidence (i.e., largely comprised of student opinion); and/or does not adequately demonstrate that the student has read, viewed, and considered learning resources and colleague postings.
5–7 points
Posts are unresponsive to the requirements of the discussion instructions; miss the point of the question by providing responses that are not substantive and/or solely anecdotal (i.e., comprised of only student opinion); and do not demonstrate that the student has read, viewed, and considered learning resources and colleague postings.
0–4 points
Element (2): Critical Thinking, Analysis, and Synthesis: Is the student able to make meaning of the information?
10 points (28%)
Posts demonstrate the student's ability to apply, reflect, AND synthesize concepts and issues presented in the weekly learning objectives. Student has integrated and mastered the general principles, ideas, and skills presented. Reflections include clear and direct correlation to authentic examples or are drawn from professional experience; insights demonstrate significant changes in awareness, self-understanding, and knowledge.
10 points
Posts demonstrate the student's ability to apply, reflect OR synthesize concepts and issues presented in the weekly learning objectives. The student has integrated many of the general principles, ideas, and skills presented. Reflections include clear and direct correlation to authentic examples or are drawn from professional experience, share insights that demonstrate a change in awareness, self- understanding, and knowledge.
8–9 points
Posts demonstrate minimal ability to apply, reflect, or synthesize concepts and issues presented in the weekly learning objectives. The student has not fully integrated the general principles, ideas, and skills presented. There are little to no salient reflections, examples, or insights/experiences provided.
5–7 points
Posts demonstrate a l.
BIZ102 Assessment 1 Brief Page 1 of 6 ASSESSMENT BRI.docxjasoninnes20
BIZ102 Assessment 1 Brief Page 1 of 6
ASSESSMENT BRIEF
Subject Code and Title BIZ102 Understanding People and Organisations
Assessment Reflective Journal 1: Emotional Intelligence
Individual/Group Individual
Length 600 words (+/- 10%)
Learning Outcomes a) Explain the importance of self- awareness and
emotional intelligence, and analyse its impact on
professional competencies
b) Integrate strategies to effectively interact with
others in a diverse professional context
c) Identify and reflect on own strengths and their
application in the business context
d) Reflect on feedback to identify opportunities for
self-improvement and professional development
Submission By 11:55pm AEST/AEDT Sunday of module 2.2 (week 4)
Weighting 15%
Total Marks 100 marks
Context
A key to self-directed learning is reflection. Reflection enables the ability to examine
situations in order to better understand the surrounding context and identify potential
improvements for the future. This assessment aims to develop your awareness and
reflective learning ability while also assessing your understanding of the topics covered in
modules 1 and 2.
Reflective writing ordinarily occurs in the first person (and you can do so here) and works
best when you think deeply about a topic and look at both the positives as well as
opportunities to improve in a situation. Examples within the context of this assessment
might be:
• I found taking the Emotional Intelligence self-assessment
challenging/interesting/useful/ a new experience because...
• Mayer and Salovey (1997) emphasise the importance of perceiving, accessing and
generating emotions to develop emotional intelligence, which is not something I
have thought about much previously...
BIZ102 Assessment 1 Brief Page 2 of 6
• I agreed/disagreed with the first result because...
Please also visit the Academic Skills blackboard page for an overview of reflective writing in
higher education: https://laureate-
au.blackboard.com/webapps/blackboard/content/listContent.jsp?course_id=_20163_1&co
ntent_id=_2498857_1&mode=reset
Instructions
Complete the Emotional Intelligence self-assessment prescribed in module 2 of the subject.
Compose your reflective journal entry addressing the three questions below.
Include a screenshot of your emotional intelligence test results from the test website in your
paper.
Identify theoretical concepts reviewed in modules 1 and 2 that support your reflection.
Include at least two academic references to sources in the module 1 and 2 learning
resources for this subject that present the theoretical concepts identified, to support your
ideas.
Follow the APA 6th edition style of referencing to cite your academic resources and provide
your reference list.
Guiding questions:
1. To what extent do you agree with the results of the self-assessment?
2. What have you learned about yourself from the results of this self-asses ...
BIZ102 Assessment 1 Brief Page 1 of 6 ASSESSMENT BRI.docxmoirarandell
BIZ102 Assessment 1 Brief Page 1 of 6
ASSESSMENT BRIEF
Subject Code and Title BIZ102 Understanding People and Organisations
Assessment Reflective Journal 1: Emotional Intelligence
Individual/Group Individual
Length 600 words (+/- 10%)
Learning Outcomes a) Explain the importance of self- awareness and
emotional intelligence, and analyse its impact on
professional competencies
b) Integrate strategies to effectively interact with
others in a diverse professional context
c) Identify and reflect on own strengths and their
application in the business context
d) Reflect on feedback to identify opportunities for
self-improvement and professional development
Submission By 11:55pm AEST/AEDT Sunday of module 2.2 (week 4)
Weighting 15%
Total Marks 100 marks
Context
A key to self-directed learning is reflection. Reflection enables the ability to examine
situations in order to better understand the surrounding context and identify potential
improvements for the future. This assessment aims to develop your awareness and
reflective learning ability while also assessing your understanding of the topics covered in
modules 1 and 2.
Reflective writing ordinarily occurs in the first person (and you can do so here) and works
best when you think deeply about a topic and look at both the positives as well as
opportunities to improve in a situation. Examples within the context of this assessment
might be:
• I found taking the Emotional Intelligence self-assessment
challenging/interesting/useful/ a new experience because...
• Mayer and Salovey (1997) emphasise the importance of perceiving, accessing and
generating emotions to develop emotional intelligence, which is not something I
have thought about much previously...
BIZ102 Assessment 1 Brief Page 2 of 6
• I agreed/disagreed with the first result because...
Please also visit the Academic Skills blackboard page for an overview of reflective writing in
higher education: https://laureate-
au.blackboard.com/webapps/blackboard/content/listContent.jsp?course_id=_20163_1&co
ntent_id=_2498857_1&mode=reset
Instructions
Complete the Emotional Intelligence self-assessment prescribed in module 2 of the subject.
Compose your reflective journal entry addressing the three questions below.
Include a screenshot of your emotional intelligence test results from the test website in your
paper.
Identify theoretical concepts reviewed in modules 1 and 2 that support your reflection.
Include at least two academic references to sources in the module 1 and 2 learning
resources for this subject that present the theoretical concepts identified, to support your
ideas.
Follow the APA 6th edition style of referencing to cite your academic resources and provide
your reference list.
Guiding questions:
1. To what extent do you agree with the results of the self-assessment?
2. What have you learned about yourself from the results of this self-asses.
Exercise #1SC integration is critical. Information is the infra.docxSANSKAR20
Exercise #1
SC integration is critical. Information is the infrastructure that makes the SC successful. Create a piece of SC information and using the 8 dimensions used to manage the SC integration, explain the path and purpose of the information you created.
See next page for reading material related to this exercise.
Discussion Rubric
Levels of Achievement
Criteria
Outstanding Performance
Excellent Performance
Competent Performance
Room for Improvement
Poor Performance
Content-Main Posting
30 to 30 points
-Main posting addresses all criteria with 75% of post exceptional depth and breadth supported by credible references
27 to 29 points
-Main posting addresses all criteria with 75% of post exceptional depth and breadth supported by credible references
24 to 26 points
Main posting meets expectations. All criteria are addressed with 50% containing good breadth and depth.
21 to 23 points
Main posting addresses most of the criteria. One to two criterion are not addressed or superficially addressed.
0 to 20 points
Main posting does not address all of criteria, superficially addresses criteria. Two or more criteria are not addressed.
Course Requirements and Attendance
20 to 20 points
-Responds to two colleagues’ with posts that are reflective, are justified with credible sources, and ask questions that extend the discussion.
18 to 19 points
-Responds to two colleagues’ with posts that are reflective, are justified with credible sources, and ask questions that extend the discussion.
16 to 17 points
Responds to a minimum of two colleagues’ posts, are reflective, and ask questions that extend the discussion. One post is justified by a credible source.
14 to 15 points
Responds to less than two colleagues’ posts. Posts are on topic, may have some depth, or questions. May extend the discussion. No credible sources are cited
0 to 13 points
Responds to less than two colleagues’ posts. Posts may not be on topic, lack depth, do not pose questions that extend the discussion
Scholarly Writing Quality
30 to 30 points
-The main posting clearly addresses the discussion criteria and is written concisely. The main posting is cited with more than two credible references that adhere to the correct format per the APA Manual 6th Edition. No spelling or grammatical errors. ***The use of scholarly sources or real life experiences needs to be included to deepen the discussion and earn points in reply to fellow students.
27 to 29 points
-The main posting clearly addresses the discussion criteria and is written concisely. The main posting is cited with more than two credible references that adhere to the correct format per the APA Manual 6th Edition. No spelling or grammatical errors.
24 to 26 points
-The main posting clearly addresses the discussion criteria and is written concisely. The main posting is cited with a minimum of two current credible references that adhere to the correct format per the APA Manual 6th Edition. Contains one to two spelling or gramma ...
This discussion will allow you to examine several different prev.docxjwilliam16
This discussion will allow you to examine several different preventive guidelines related to vaccinations. Please read the following scenario and for your initial post; be sure to address all the questions posed by the scenario and include at least three scholarly sources within your initial post.
Patient #1
: Two five-year-old girls are on your schedule for a kindergarten physical. The foster parent of one of the children indicates she received all her immunization from birth to one year of age, but after that the child has not had any further vaccines. The second child appears to have been vaccinated per the CDC schedule.
Is there a difference in the immunization plan you will initiate today for these two patients? Why or why not?
What immunizations will you be ordering for each of these two patients today?
RUBRIC
Discussion Question Rubric
Note:
Scholarly resources are defined as evidence-based practice, peer-reviewed journals; textbook (do not rely solely on your textbook as a reference); and National Standard Guidelines. Review assignment instructions, as this will provide any additional requirements that are not specifically listed on the rubric.
Discussion Question Rubric – 100 PointsCriteriaExemplary
Exceeds ExpectationsAdvanced
Meets ExpectationsIntermediate
Needs ImprovementNovice
InadequateTotal PointsQuality of Initial PostProvides clear examples supported by course content and references.
Cites three or more references, using at least one new scholarly resource that was not provided in the course materials.
All instruction requirements noted.
40 points
Components are accurate and thoroughly represented, with explanations and application of knowledge to include evidence-based practice, ethics, theory, and/or role. Synthesizes course content using course materials and scholarly resources to support importantpoints.
Meets all requirements within the discussion instructions.
Cites two references.
35 points
Components are accurate and mostly represented primarily with definitions and summarization. Ideas may be overstated, with minimal contribution to the subject matter. Minimal application to evidence-based practice, theory, or role development. Synthesis of course content is present but missing depth and/or development.
Is missing one component/requirement of the discussion instructions.
Cites one reference, or references do not clearly support content.
Most instruction requirements are noted.
31 points
Absent application to evidence-based practice, theory, or role development. Synthesis of course content is superficial.
Demonstrates incomplete understanding of content and/or inadequate preparation.
No references cited.
Missing several instruction requirements.
Submits post late.
27 points40
Peer Response PostOffers both supportive and alternative viewpoints to the discussion, using two or more scholarly references per peer post. Post provides additional value to the convers.
Performing health assessments as an APRN will help you to develodannies7qbuggie
Performing health assessments as an APRN will help you to develop a collaborative partnership with your patients. After reading Chapter 4 and 12 in your Pender text, think about the vulnerable population that you choose during Week 1 - consider what you perceive / know about this group in relation to the following topics:
Health assets
Health problems
Health-related lifestyle strengths
Key health-related beliefs
Health behaviors that put the person at risk
Changes that could improve their quality of life
Now consider the pros and cons of implementing a Community-Based Participatory Research health promotion project with the vulnerable group. You should consider not only the benefit of the actions but the active role the vulnerable will play in the development and implementation of the health promotion plan. How does your population’s health disparities and health inequities benefit and/or hinder this type of project’s success? Remember that you should include citations/references from at least three scholarly sources.
Rubric:
Discussion Question Rubric
Note:
Scholarly resources are defined as evidence-based practice, peer-reviewed journals; textbook (do not rely solely on your textbook as a reference); and National Standard Guidelines. Review assignment instructions, as this will provide any additional requirements that are not specifically listed on the rubric.
Discussion Question Rubric – 100 PointsCriteriaExemplary
Exceeds ExpectationsAdvanced
Meets ExpectationsIntermediate
Needs ImprovementNovice
InadequateTotal PointsQuality of Initial PostProvides clear examples supported by course content and references.
Cites three or more references, using at least one new scholarly resource that was not provided in the course materials.
All instruction requirements noted.
40 points
Components are accurate and thoroughly represented, with explanations and application of knowledge to include evidence-based practice, ethics, theory, and/or role. Synthesizes course content using course materials and scholarly resources to support importantpoints.
Meets all requirements within the discussion instructions.
Cites two references.
35 points
Components are accurate and mostly represented primarily with definitions and summarization. Ideas may be overstated, with minimal contribution to the subject matter. Minimal application to evidence-based practice, theory, or role development. Synthesis of course content is present but missing depth and/or development.
Is missing one component/requirement of the discussion instructions.
Cites one reference, or references do not clearly support content.
Most instruction requirements are noted.
31 points
Absent application to evidence-based practice, theory, or role development. Synthesis of course content is superficial.
Demonstrates incomplete understanding of content and/or inadequate preparation.
No references cited.
Missing several instruction requirements.
Submits post ...
SOCI 201
Sociological Observation Grading Rubric
Module/Week 5
Criteria
Levels of Achievement
Content 70%
63 points
Advanced 90-100% (A)
Proficient 70-89% (B-C)
Developing 1-69% (< D)
Not present
Content
57 to 63 points
The paper exceeds content requirements:
The assignment is an observation study of current social problem chosen from the list provided in the assignment instructions.
The paper is 6-8 pages long; all topics are clearly addressed, including all parts of the paper.
Information clearly relates to the main topic; paper includes supporting details.
All supportive facts are reported accurately or paraphrased, and appropriately cited using APA guidelines.
44 to 56 points
The paper meets content requirements:
The assignment is an observation study of current social problem chosen from the list provided in the assignment instructions.
The paper is 6-8 pages long; all topics are clearly addressed, including all parts of the paper.
Information clearly relates to the main topic; paper includes supporting details.
All supportive facts are reported accurately or paraphrased, and appropriately cited using APA guidelines.
1 to 43 points
The paper meets some of the content requirements:
The assignment is an observation study of current social problem chosen from the list provided in the assignment instructions.
The paper is 6-8 pages long; all topics are clearly addressed, including all parts of the paper.
Information clearly relates to the main topic; paper includes supporting details.
All supportive facts are reported accurately or paraphrased, and appropriately cited using APA guidelines.
0 points
Not present.
Structure 30%
27 points
Advanced 90-100% (A)
Proficient 70-89% (B-C)
Developing 1-69% (< D)
Not present
Mechanics
24 to 27 points
The paper exceeds structure requirements:
Paper is free of grammar, spelling, and/or punctuation errors.
19 to 23 points
The paper meets structure requirements:
Paper is free of grammar, spelling, and/or punctuation errors.
1 to 18 points
The paper meets most of the structure requirements:
Paper is free of grammar, spelling, and/or punctuation errors.
0 points
Not present.
Exemplary
Proficient
Progressing
Emerging
Element (1): Responsiveness: Did the student respond to the main question of the week?
9 points (28%)
Posts exceed requirements of the Discussion instructions (e.g., respond to the question being asked; go beyond what is required [i.e., incorporates additional readings outside of the assigned Learning Resources, and/or shares relevant professional experiences]; are substantive, reflective, and refers to Learning Resources demonstrating that the student has considered the information in Learning Resources and colleague postings).
9 points
Posts are responsive to and meet the requirements of the Discussion instructions. Posts respond to the question being asked in a substantive, reflective way and refer to Learning Resources demonstrating that the student has read, viewed, and consider.
Discussion Posting and Response RubricExemplaryProficientP.docxduketjoy27252
Discussion Posting and Response Rubric
Exemplary
Proficient
Progressing
Emerging
Element (1): Responsiveness: Did the student respond to the main question of the week?
10 points (28%)
Posts exceed requirements of the discussion instructions (e.g., respond to the question being asked; go beyond what is required (i.e., incorporates additional readings outside of the assigned learning resources, and/or shares relevant professional experiences); are substantive, reflective, and refers to learning resources demonstrating that the student has considered the information in learning resources and colleague postings).
10 points
Posts are responsive to and meet the requirements of the discussion instructions. Posts respond to the question being asked in a substantive, reflective way and refer to learning resources demonstrating that the student has read, viewed, and considered the learning resources and colleague postings.
8–9 points
Posts are somewhat responsive to the requirements of the discussion instructions. Posts are not substantive and rely more on anecdotal evidence (i.e., largely comprised of student opinion); and/or does not adequately demonstrate that the student has read, viewed, and considered learning resources and colleague postings.
5–7 points
Posts are unresponsive to the requirements of the discussion instructions; miss the point of the question by providing responses that are not substantive and/or solely anecdotal (i.e., comprised of only student opinion); and do not demonstrate that the student has read, viewed, and considered learning resources and colleague postings.
0–4 points
Element (2): Critical Thinking, Analysis, and Synthesis: Is the student able to make meaning of the information?
10 points (28%)
Posts demonstrate the student's ability to apply, reflect, AND synthesize concepts and issues presented in the weekly learning objectives. Student has integrated and mastered the general principles, ideas, and skills presented. Reflections include clear and direct correlation to authentic examples or are drawn from professional experience; insights demonstrate significant changes in awareness, self-understanding, and knowledge.
10 points
Posts demonstrate the student's ability to apply, reflect OR synthesize concepts and issues presented in the weekly learning objectives. The student has integrated many of the general principles, ideas, and skills presented. Reflections include clear and direct correlation to authentic examples or are drawn from professional experience, share insights that demonstrate a change in awareness, self- understanding, and knowledge.
8–9 points
Posts demonstrate minimal ability to apply, reflect, or synthesize concepts and issues presented in the weekly learning objectives. The student has not fully integrated the general principles, ideas, and skills presented. There are little to no salient reflections, examples, or insights/experiences provided.
5–7 points
Posts demonstrate a l.
BIZ102 Assessment 1 Brief Page 1 of 6 ASSESSMENT BRI.docxjasoninnes20
BIZ102 Assessment 1 Brief Page 1 of 6
ASSESSMENT BRIEF
Subject Code and Title BIZ102 Understanding People and Organisations
Assessment Reflective Journal 1: Emotional Intelligence
Individual/Group Individual
Length 600 words (+/- 10%)
Learning Outcomes a) Explain the importance of self- awareness and
emotional intelligence, and analyse its impact on
professional competencies
b) Integrate strategies to effectively interact with
others in a diverse professional context
c) Identify and reflect on own strengths and their
application in the business context
d) Reflect on feedback to identify opportunities for
self-improvement and professional development
Submission By 11:55pm AEST/AEDT Sunday of module 2.2 (week 4)
Weighting 15%
Total Marks 100 marks
Context
A key to self-directed learning is reflection. Reflection enables the ability to examine
situations in order to better understand the surrounding context and identify potential
improvements for the future. This assessment aims to develop your awareness and
reflective learning ability while also assessing your understanding of the topics covered in
modules 1 and 2.
Reflective writing ordinarily occurs in the first person (and you can do so here) and works
best when you think deeply about a topic and look at both the positives as well as
opportunities to improve in a situation. Examples within the context of this assessment
might be:
• I found taking the Emotional Intelligence self-assessment
challenging/interesting/useful/ a new experience because...
• Mayer and Salovey (1997) emphasise the importance of perceiving, accessing and
generating emotions to develop emotional intelligence, which is not something I
have thought about much previously...
BIZ102 Assessment 1 Brief Page 2 of 6
• I agreed/disagreed with the first result because...
Please also visit the Academic Skills blackboard page for an overview of reflective writing in
higher education: https://laureate-
au.blackboard.com/webapps/blackboard/content/listContent.jsp?course_id=_20163_1&co
ntent_id=_2498857_1&mode=reset
Instructions
Complete the Emotional Intelligence self-assessment prescribed in module 2 of the subject.
Compose your reflective journal entry addressing the three questions below.
Include a screenshot of your emotional intelligence test results from the test website in your
paper.
Identify theoretical concepts reviewed in modules 1 and 2 that support your reflection.
Include at least two academic references to sources in the module 1 and 2 learning
resources for this subject that present the theoretical concepts identified, to support your
ideas.
Follow the APA 6th edition style of referencing to cite your academic resources and provide
your reference list.
Guiding questions:
1. To what extent do you agree with the results of the self-assessment?
2. What have you learned about yourself from the results of this self-asses ...
BIZ102 Assessment 1 Brief Page 1 of 6 ASSESSMENT BRI.docxmoirarandell
BIZ102 Assessment 1 Brief Page 1 of 6
ASSESSMENT BRIEF
Subject Code and Title BIZ102 Understanding People and Organisations
Assessment Reflective Journal 1: Emotional Intelligence
Individual/Group Individual
Length 600 words (+/- 10%)
Learning Outcomes a) Explain the importance of self- awareness and
emotional intelligence, and analyse its impact on
professional competencies
b) Integrate strategies to effectively interact with
others in a diverse professional context
c) Identify and reflect on own strengths and their
application in the business context
d) Reflect on feedback to identify opportunities for
self-improvement and professional development
Submission By 11:55pm AEST/AEDT Sunday of module 2.2 (week 4)
Weighting 15%
Total Marks 100 marks
Context
A key to self-directed learning is reflection. Reflection enables the ability to examine
situations in order to better understand the surrounding context and identify potential
improvements for the future. This assessment aims to develop your awareness and
reflective learning ability while also assessing your understanding of the topics covered in
modules 1 and 2.
Reflective writing ordinarily occurs in the first person (and you can do so here) and works
best when you think deeply about a topic and look at both the positives as well as
opportunities to improve in a situation. Examples within the context of this assessment
might be:
• I found taking the Emotional Intelligence self-assessment
challenging/interesting/useful/ a new experience because...
• Mayer and Salovey (1997) emphasise the importance of perceiving, accessing and
generating emotions to develop emotional intelligence, which is not something I
have thought about much previously...
BIZ102 Assessment 1 Brief Page 2 of 6
• I agreed/disagreed with the first result because...
Please also visit the Academic Skills blackboard page for an overview of reflective writing in
higher education: https://laureate-
au.blackboard.com/webapps/blackboard/content/listContent.jsp?course_id=_20163_1&co
ntent_id=_2498857_1&mode=reset
Instructions
Complete the Emotional Intelligence self-assessment prescribed in module 2 of the subject.
Compose your reflective journal entry addressing the three questions below.
Include a screenshot of your emotional intelligence test results from the test website in your
paper.
Identify theoretical concepts reviewed in modules 1 and 2 that support your reflection.
Include at least two academic references to sources in the module 1 and 2 learning
resources for this subject that present the theoretical concepts identified, to support your
ideas.
Follow the APA 6th edition style of referencing to cite your academic resources and provide
your reference list.
Guiding questions:
1. To what extent do you agree with the results of the self-assessment?
2. What have you learned about yourself from the results of this self-asses.
Exercise #1SC integration is critical. Information is the infra.docxSANSKAR20
Exercise #1
SC integration is critical. Information is the infrastructure that makes the SC successful. Create a piece of SC information and using the 8 dimensions used to manage the SC integration, explain the path and purpose of the information you created.
See next page for reading material related to this exercise.
Discussion Rubric
Levels of Achievement
Criteria
Outstanding Performance
Excellent Performance
Competent Performance
Room for Improvement
Poor Performance
Content-Main Posting
30 to 30 points
-Main posting addresses all criteria with 75% of post exceptional depth and breadth supported by credible references
27 to 29 points
-Main posting addresses all criteria with 75% of post exceptional depth and breadth supported by credible references
24 to 26 points
Main posting meets expectations. All criteria are addressed with 50% containing good breadth and depth.
21 to 23 points
Main posting addresses most of the criteria. One to two criterion are not addressed or superficially addressed.
0 to 20 points
Main posting does not address all of criteria, superficially addresses criteria. Two or more criteria are not addressed.
Course Requirements and Attendance
20 to 20 points
-Responds to two colleagues’ with posts that are reflective, are justified with credible sources, and ask questions that extend the discussion.
18 to 19 points
-Responds to two colleagues’ with posts that are reflective, are justified with credible sources, and ask questions that extend the discussion.
16 to 17 points
Responds to a minimum of two colleagues’ posts, are reflective, and ask questions that extend the discussion. One post is justified by a credible source.
14 to 15 points
Responds to less than two colleagues’ posts. Posts are on topic, may have some depth, or questions. May extend the discussion. No credible sources are cited
0 to 13 points
Responds to less than two colleagues’ posts. Posts may not be on topic, lack depth, do not pose questions that extend the discussion
Scholarly Writing Quality
30 to 30 points
-The main posting clearly addresses the discussion criteria and is written concisely. The main posting is cited with more than two credible references that adhere to the correct format per the APA Manual 6th Edition. No spelling or grammatical errors. ***The use of scholarly sources or real life experiences needs to be included to deepen the discussion and earn points in reply to fellow students.
27 to 29 points
-The main posting clearly addresses the discussion criteria and is written concisely. The main posting is cited with more than two credible references that adhere to the correct format per the APA Manual 6th Edition. No spelling or grammatical errors.
24 to 26 points
-The main posting clearly addresses the discussion criteria and is written concisely. The main posting is cited with a minimum of two current credible references that adhere to the correct format per the APA Manual 6th Edition. Contains one to two spelling or gramma ...
This discussion will allow you to examine several different prev.docxjwilliam16
This discussion will allow you to examine several different preventive guidelines related to vaccinations. Please read the following scenario and for your initial post; be sure to address all the questions posed by the scenario and include at least three scholarly sources within your initial post.
Patient #1
: Two five-year-old girls are on your schedule for a kindergarten physical. The foster parent of one of the children indicates she received all her immunization from birth to one year of age, but after that the child has not had any further vaccines. The second child appears to have been vaccinated per the CDC schedule.
Is there a difference in the immunization plan you will initiate today for these two patients? Why or why not?
What immunizations will you be ordering for each of these two patients today?
RUBRIC
Discussion Question Rubric
Note:
Scholarly resources are defined as evidence-based practice, peer-reviewed journals; textbook (do not rely solely on your textbook as a reference); and National Standard Guidelines. Review assignment instructions, as this will provide any additional requirements that are not specifically listed on the rubric.
Discussion Question Rubric – 100 PointsCriteriaExemplary
Exceeds ExpectationsAdvanced
Meets ExpectationsIntermediate
Needs ImprovementNovice
InadequateTotal PointsQuality of Initial PostProvides clear examples supported by course content and references.
Cites three or more references, using at least one new scholarly resource that was not provided in the course materials.
All instruction requirements noted.
40 points
Components are accurate and thoroughly represented, with explanations and application of knowledge to include evidence-based practice, ethics, theory, and/or role. Synthesizes course content using course materials and scholarly resources to support importantpoints.
Meets all requirements within the discussion instructions.
Cites two references.
35 points
Components are accurate and mostly represented primarily with definitions and summarization. Ideas may be overstated, with minimal contribution to the subject matter. Minimal application to evidence-based practice, theory, or role development. Synthesis of course content is present but missing depth and/or development.
Is missing one component/requirement of the discussion instructions.
Cites one reference, or references do not clearly support content.
Most instruction requirements are noted.
31 points
Absent application to evidence-based practice, theory, or role development. Synthesis of course content is superficial.
Demonstrates incomplete understanding of content and/or inadequate preparation.
No references cited.
Missing several instruction requirements.
Submits post late.
27 points40
Peer Response PostOffers both supportive and alternative viewpoints to the discussion, using two or more scholarly references per peer post. Post provides additional value to the convers.
Performing health assessments as an APRN will help you to develodannies7qbuggie
Performing health assessments as an APRN will help you to develop a collaborative partnership with your patients. After reading Chapter 4 and 12 in your Pender text, think about the vulnerable population that you choose during Week 1 - consider what you perceive / know about this group in relation to the following topics:
Health assets
Health problems
Health-related lifestyle strengths
Key health-related beliefs
Health behaviors that put the person at risk
Changes that could improve their quality of life
Now consider the pros and cons of implementing a Community-Based Participatory Research health promotion project with the vulnerable group. You should consider not only the benefit of the actions but the active role the vulnerable will play in the development and implementation of the health promotion plan. How does your population’s health disparities and health inequities benefit and/or hinder this type of project’s success? Remember that you should include citations/references from at least three scholarly sources.
Rubric:
Discussion Question Rubric
Note:
Scholarly resources are defined as evidence-based practice, peer-reviewed journals; textbook (do not rely solely on your textbook as a reference); and National Standard Guidelines. Review assignment instructions, as this will provide any additional requirements that are not specifically listed on the rubric.
Discussion Question Rubric – 100 PointsCriteriaExemplary
Exceeds ExpectationsAdvanced
Meets ExpectationsIntermediate
Needs ImprovementNovice
InadequateTotal PointsQuality of Initial PostProvides clear examples supported by course content and references.
Cites three or more references, using at least one new scholarly resource that was not provided in the course materials.
All instruction requirements noted.
40 points
Components are accurate and thoroughly represented, with explanations and application of knowledge to include evidence-based practice, ethics, theory, and/or role. Synthesizes course content using course materials and scholarly resources to support importantpoints.
Meets all requirements within the discussion instructions.
Cites two references.
35 points
Components are accurate and mostly represented primarily with definitions and summarization. Ideas may be overstated, with minimal contribution to the subject matter. Minimal application to evidence-based practice, theory, or role development. Synthesis of course content is present but missing depth and/or development.
Is missing one component/requirement of the discussion instructions.
Cites one reference, or references do not clearly support content.
Most instruction requirements are noted.
31 points
Absent application to evidence-based practice, theory, or role development. Synthesis of course content is superficial.
Demonstrates incomplete understanding of content and/or inadequate preparation.
No references cited.
Missing several instruction requirements.
Submits post ...
1 of 2 Fall 2010 Management Program PowerPoint P.docxjeremylockett77
1 of 2
Fall 2010
Management Program
PowerPoint Presentation Rubric
Presenter (s) ___________________________________
Preparation
76-100 51-75 26-50 0-25 Grading Scheme
Percentage
Organization
(20%)
Student presents
information in logical,
interesting sequence
which audience can
follow.
Student presents
information in logical
sequence which
audience can follow.
Audience has difficulty
following presentation
because student jumps
around.
Audience cannot
understand presentation
because there is no
sequence of information.
Content
(20%)
Content reflects a high
level of critical thinking;
data is accurate and
strongly supports the
analysis/conclusion.
Content was obtained
from a variety of relevant
resources and was
properly cited. All issues
are fully addressed.
Presentation contained
excellent examples which
were linked to objective.
Content is well thought
out, data is relevant
and supports
conclusions; reflects
critical thinking and
several relevant
sources of data are
used and are properly
cited. All issues are
included in the
presentation and good
examples were linked
to objective.
Content reflects minimal
depth with little
application of critical
thinking; minimal relevant
data sources are used
and minimal citations are
used. Some issues are
omitted and there were
few relevant examples or
the examples were not
well explained.
Content provides no
apparent application of
critical thinking; has weak
or erroneous facts or
misinterpretation; data
does not support
conclusions. Several
issues are omitted. Few
relevant data sources
used and there was poor
citation. There were no or
too few examples or
examples were difficult to
grasp or did not apply
directly to the objective.
Grammar/
Mechanics
(20%)
Presentation has no
misspellings or
grammatical errors.
Presentation has no
more than two
misspellings and/or
grammatical errors.
Presentation has three
misspellings and/or
grammatical errors.
Presentation has four or
more spelling errors and
or grammatical errors.
2 of 2
Fall 2010
Delivery (20%)
9-10 7-8 5-6 0-4 Grading Scheme
Percentage
Use of PowerPoint
(20%)
PowerPoint presentation
is professional and
enhances the
presentation.
PowerPoint
presentation is
professional based on
the grade level.
PowerPoint presentation
does not meet
expectations.
Poor quality of the
PowerPoint presentation
distracts from the
presentation.
Response to Peers
(20%)
Provided feedback to
more than 2 of your
peers’ powerpoint
presentation.
Provided feedback to
2 of your peers’
powerpoint
presentation.
Provided feedback to 1 of
your peers’ powerpoint
presentations.
Did not provide any
feedback to any peers’
powerpoint presentations.
Total Points:
Management ProgramPowerPoint Presentation RubricPresenter (s) ___________________________________
Graduate Writing ...
Directions essay 3 Write a post-session summary based on the com.docxmariona83
Directions essay 3
Write a post-session summary based on the completed experience. Include the following:
1. Explain the two learning disciplines that you examined for this assessment: team learning and systems thinking.
2. Team exercise plan:
. Outline the schedule for your team development session. Include the job titles or roles of the team members participating in the session. List the scheduled meeting date and time.
. Describe the problem or issue you chose as the intended purpose for your team development session.
. Identify the learning discipline that you chose to focus on for your team exercise. Explain the process used to select that learning discipline, the rationale for its selection, and the team development exercise that you used with your team.
· Post-session summary:
. Describe your team development experience in a narrative format.
. Explain the successful and unsuccessful aspects of the team development exercise.
. Explain the lessons learned for team facilitation, including both planned and unplanned journeys that resulted.
. Explain the lessons learned for your chosen discipline, and its potential for helping a group examine itself, choose new direction, and commit to that direction.
DDDEEEHHH 111888000000 DDDeeennntttaaalll HHHyyygggiii eeennn eee 111
Informative Poster Research Paper Peer Evaluation Form
At the conclusion of each group project, please rate yourself and your team colleagues on regarding the relative
contributions that were made in preparing, submitting, and presenting your group project. Please be honest,
objective, constructive, and fair in your evaluation of yourself and your colleagues. Your ratings will not be
disclosed to other students. In rating yourself and your peers, using the following five-point scale, where:
5 = Always 4 = Most of the time 3 = Sometimes 2 = Seldom 1 = Never
Project or Paper Title: _________________________________________________________________
*Insert YOUR NAME IN THE FIRST COLUMN and those of your peers’ in the other spaces. (One name at the top of each column).
Names __________ __________ __________ __________ __________
Participated in discussions or
meetings
Contributed thoughtful research
germane to topic
Helped keep the group on the
task
Contributed useful ideas
Quantity of work done
Quality of work done
Shared equally in the work
Cooperated with colleagues
Made fair, considered decisions
re: direction of project and work
Deliverables on time, as promised
= = = = =
Total Score
Please take a moment to reflect, and answer the following questions.
1. Would you want to work with this group again? Why or why not?
2. In one sentence each; describe each team member’s contribution toward the project reaching completion?
Dental Hygiene 1 Informative Poster Research Paper Rubric for Evaluation (100 points poss.)
Qualities and C.
Exemplary
Proficient
Progressing
Emerging
Element (1): Responsiveness: Did the student respond to the main question of the week?
9 points (28%)
Posts exceed requirements of the Discussion instructions (e.g., respond to the question being asked; go beyond what is required [i.e., incorporates additional readings outside of the assigned Learning Resources, and/or shares relevant professional experiences]; are substantive, reflective, and refers to Learning Resources demonstrating that the student has considered the information in Learning Resources and colleague postings).
9 points
Posts are responsive to and meet the requirements of the Discussion instructions. Posts respond to the question being asked in a substantive, reflective way and refer to Learning Resources demonstrating that the student has read, viewed, and considered the Learning Resources and colleague postings.
7–8 points
Posts are somewhat responsive to the requirements of the Discussion instructions. Posts are not substantive and rely more on anecdotal evidence (i.e., largely comprised of student opinion); and/or does not adequately demonstrate that the student has read, viewed, and considered Learning Resources and colleague postings.
4–6 points
Posts are unresponsive to the requirements of the Discussion instructions; miss the point of the question by providing responses that are not substantive and/or solely anecdotal (i.e., comprised of only student opinion); and do not demonstrate that the student has read, viewed, and considered Learning Resources and colleague postings.
0–3 points
Element (2): Critical Thinking, Analysis, and Synthesis: Is the student able to make meaning of the information?
9 points (28%)
Posts demonstrate the student’s ability to apply, reflect, AND synthesize concepts and issues presented in the weekly Learning Objectives. Student has integrated and mastered the general principles, ideas, and skills presented. Reflections include clear and direct correlation to authentic examples or are drawn from professional experience; insights demonstrate significant changes in awareness, self-understanding, and knowledge.
9 points
Posts demonstrate the student’s ability to apply, reflect OR synthesize concepts and issues presented in the weekly Learning Objectives. The student has integrated many of the general principles, ideas, and skills presented. Reflections include clear and direct correlation to authentic examples or are drawn from professional experience, share insights that demonstrate a change in awareness, self- understanding, and knowledge.
7–8 points
Posts demonstrate minimal ability to apply, reflect, or synthesize concepts and issues presented in the weekly Learning Objectives. The student has not fully integrated the general principles, ideas, and skills presented. There are little to no salient reflections, examples, or insights/experiences provided.
4–6 points
Posts demonstrate a lack of ability to apply, reflect, or synthesize c ...
Aaa assessment 2/Assessment description.pdf
Critical Thinking and Managerial Decision Making
Written Assessment- Reflective Essay
Task: The essay must be 2000 words (+/-10%) in length.
Cover page: The essay must include a cover page that contains your name, student number,
resident campus, assessment title, and lecturer.
Format: Text should be word-processed, with appropriate layout and use of headings/sub
headings. Times New Roman, 12 size font and line spacing (1.5).
Referencing: A minimum of 10 academic references are required. The list of references
should form the last page or two, at the end of the assessment. Referencing should be in a
consistent APA style.
Task Description: The objectives of this reflective essay are for students to (1) summarize,
critically review and reinforce key concepts and theories learned from week 1 to week 9 of this
unit. (2) reflect on these concepts/theories’ potential impact on students’ decision making, and
how these learnings are being applied and could be applied in their current jobs, development
of future career and/or their life generally. (3) reflect on new insights gained about oneself as a
result of learning the unit and propose a plan for self-development.
Minimum number of concepts/theories/themes required to pass: 6
Students ought to start the reflective essay in week 4 after the submission of their first
assignment. From week 4 to week 9 (a total of 6 weeks), students are expected to reflect on
the topics (week 1-week 9) this unit has covered and evaluate which concepts or theories
have inspired their thinking or influenced their decision making. This assignment still
requires an essay format with introduction section outlining the scope, purpose and
structure information. The body paragraphs need to contain at least six themes over the
course of six weeks, and each theme needs to contain a CONVINCING and PERSONAL
justification of why these concepts/theories are chosen and how the mentioned
concepts/theories have changed/might change the students’ thinking or the students’
decisions. For example, students could identify the concepts of “automatic versus critical
thinking” as a theme for one week’s reflection, and illustrate with personal examples how
having learned about the differences has enabled him/her to be more effective in making a
certain decision at work. Close to the end, the essay needs to reflect on self-knowledge and
highlight implications for future self-development.
To successfully complete this assessment task, students should answer the following reflective essay
questions:
Which concepts/theories from which week’s learning activities are significant or important to
you?
Why are these concepts/theories you have identified important or significant to you?
(Theoretical review)
How are the concepts/theories you have learned influencing/impacting your deci.
1
BUSS215 – Management Principles
Portfolio Project Directions and Rubric
This Assessment is worth 20% of your grade.
Completing this Assessment will help you to:
Course Outcomes:
• Explain various motivational techniques and rewards designed to improve employee
satisfaction.
• Apply the five primary functions of management; staffing, planning, organizing,
controlling and leading.
• Develop and demonstrate an understanding of how strategic planning meets the
organizational and departmental business objectives.
• Create and present a research paper that includes the basic functions of management that
defends your management and leadership decision-making process using Multimedia.
Program Outcomes:
• Recognize management and leadership skills.
• Identify and apply the basice functions of management such as staffing, planning,
organizing, controlling, and leading to the decision-making process.
Institutional Outcomes:
• Information Literacy and Communication - Utilize apporopriate current technology
and resources to locate and evaluate information needed to accomplish a goal, and then
communicate findings in visual, written and/or oral formats.
• Relational Learning - Transfer knowledge, skills and behaviors acquired through formal
and informal learning and life experiences to new situations.
• Community and Career - Participate in social, learning, and professional communities
for personal and career growth.
Deadlines
Timeline Activity Grading
Due Week 6 by Wednesday
at 11:59 pm, ET.
Submit your rough draft for
peer review.
This will count for 20% of
your overall Portfolio
Project grade.
Due Week 7 by Saturday at
11:59 pm, ET.
Upload your Portfolio Project to
Upload to your ePortfolio.
This will count for 80% of
your overall Portfolio
Project grade.
BUSS215 – Portfolio Project 2
Directions:
You will have the opportunity to write a Portfolio Project in which you explore a business
concept that is interesting to you and relate the ideas covered in this course which you may then
connect to your life and your future career interests.
Using your information literacy skills, you will research the information necessary to write your
Portfolio Project on a concept in business that we have covered in this course (please see below
for the approved topic list). The main objective of this Portfolio Project is to explore a business
concept, summarize the concept, and analyze the main points of experts in the field. In the
project you will provide a summary of the topic along with how it relates to what you have
learned in this course as well as to your role as a professional.
It is an expectation for this course that all written projects will follow the standards for fair use of
information, including the avoidance of all intentional and unintentional plagiarism, and
incorporating appropriate usage according to the conventions of the APA citatio ...
APA style with 3 or more referencesResearch Theory in Homeland S.docxarmitageclaire49
APA style with 3 or more references
Research Theory in Homeland Security and Emergency Management
Emergency management, homeland security, and criminal justice are all fields that may be approached academically but certainly have a large practitioner’s base. This means that while some social scientists may be intently studying phenomena and behaviors occurring within professions related to these areas of expertise, many professionals in these lines of work may or may not have academic degrees related specifically to what they do each day. A third group,
practitioner scholars
, has combined an educational background with professional expertise and serves as a bridge between the two ends of the spectrum.
In your agency, the deputy uses old-fashioned techniques and does not necessarily embrace the idea that advanced degrees enhance an individual’s capabilities. However, a new chief has recently been appointed, and he believes education is tremendously valuable to crisis responders at any level. He also believes that theory and practice can be closely and successfully linked, even in daily operations.
You are considered a practitioner-scholar in your agency. Because of your remarkable education and demonstrated intellect, your manager has tasked you with drafting an information paper for your colleagues that explains how and why theory has a role in daily operations. You are informed you should also include arguments on the value of social science research and how such science can aid practitioners in performing their missions.
Primary Task Response:
Within the Discussion Board area,
write 400–600
words that respond to the following questions with your thoughts, ideas, and comments. This will be the foundation for future discussions by your classmates. Be substantive and clear, and use examples to reinforce your ideas:
In your own words, why do you think research theory has a daily role in the fields of homeland security and emergency management? Explain.
How valuable do you feel the use of social science research is to homeland security and emergency management practitioners? Explain.
Specifically, how do you think social science research can aid practitioners in performing their missions? Explain.
Why do you think some practitioners are resistant to seeking out higher education? Explain.
Should practitioners be required to obtain certain levels of education? Why or why not?
What homeland security or emergency management related research, if any, have you recently examined? Summarize.
Do you feel that the results of the research contain valuable data to the fields? Why or why not?
If you have not recently examined any homeland security or emergency management related research, what type(s) of research are you most interested in studying throughout this course? Why?
Project Criteria
Unacceptable
Minimal
Competent
Effective
Mastery
Subtotals
(15/75)
0 - 8 points:
9 - 10 points:
11 points:
12 - 13 points:
14 - 15 points:
0
Produce Mea.
Examine current practice guidelines related to suicide screeni.docxcravennichole326
Examine current practice guidelines related to suicide screening and prevention and how they could pertain to John.
Choose two of the following questions to answer as part of your initial post.
What events in John's life created a "downward spiral" into homelessness and hopelessness? Which events were related to social needs, mental health needs, and medical needs, and which could health care have addressed?
What were some of the barriers John faced in accessing medical care and mental health care?
How does homelessness and mental illness intersect? Do you believe homelessness may develop because of a mental health issue, or do you believe those who become homeless eventually sink into psychological despair?
The tipping point for many people who live at the margins of society may be things that could have been managed given the right support. How can your role as an APRN help identify, alleviate, or support those who are in need like John?
In your own experience, have you encountered a homeless individual? What was that like? Do you recall what you were thinking?
Please include at least three scholarly sources within your initial post.
Rubric:
Discussion Question Rubric
Note:
Scholarly resources are defined as evidence-based practice, peer-reviewed journals; textbook (do not rely solely on your textbook as a reference); and National Standard Guidelines. Review assignment instructions, as this will provide any additional requirements that are not specifically listed on the rubric.
Discussion Question Rubric – 100 PointsCriteriaExemplary
Exceeds ExpectationsAdvanced
Meets ExpectationsIntermediate
Needs ImprovementNovice
InadequateTotal PointsQuality of Initial PostProvides clear examples supported by course content and references.
Cites three or more references, using at least one new scholarly resource that was not provided in the course materials.
All instruction requirements noted.
40 points
Components are accurate and thoroughly represented, with explanations and application of knowledge to include evidence-based practice, ethics, theory, and/or role. Synthesizes course content using course materials and scholarly resources to support importantpoints.
Meets all requirements within the discussion instructions.
Cites two references.
35 points
Components are accurate and mostly represented primarily with definitions and summarization. Ideas may be overstated, with minimal contribution to the subject matter. Minimal application to evidence-based practice, theory, or role development. Synthesis of course content is present but missing depth and/or development.
Is missing one component/requirement of the discussion instructions.
Cites one reference, or references do not clearly support content.
Most instruction requirements are noted.
31 points
Absent application to evidence-based practice, theory, or role development. Synthesis of course content is superficial.
Demonstrates incomplete understandin.
75645 Topic documenting the project life cycleNumber of Pages.docxsleeperharwell
75645 Topic: documenting the project life cycle
Number of Pages: 4 (Double Spaced)
Number of sources: 1
Writing Style: APA
Type of document: Coursework
Academic Level:Undergraduate
Category: Computer Science
Language Style: English (U.S.)
Order Instructions: Attached
Well-written project documentation clarifies intent, documents decisions and results, and allows project managers to assess project progress (and report it, as necessary, to project stakeholders) at every step of the project lifecycle.
For this assignment, you will create two examples of project documentation that align with the Project Plan Draft assignment you completed in Week 1. The documentation you will create for this assignment aligns with the initiation and planning phases of a project.
If you chose the waterfall methodology for your Week 1 Project Plan Draft assignment, create the following:
A business requirements document, or BRD: Use the Business Requirements Template as the basis for your BRD.
A work breakdown schedule, or WBS: Use the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) Example document as the basis for your WBS.
Alternatively, if you chose the Agile methodology for your Week 1 Project Plan Draft assignment, create the following:
A product requirements document, or PRD: Read "Product Requirements Documents, Downsized" for assistance in creating this document.
User stories/scenarios and acceptance criteria: Review "Agile Requirements Snail: Feature to User Story to Scenario" for help in creating this document. Then use the Scenarios and COS tabs located in User Scenarios And Acceptance Criteria Example as the basis for your user stories/scenarios and acceptance criteria.
Submit your completed BRD and WBS, or your completed PRD and user stories/scenarios with acceptance criteria.
CSCI 561 DB Standardized Rubric
50 Points
Criteria
Levels of Achievement
Content
Advanced
Proficient
Developing
Not present
Thread (19 pts.)
Student effectively answers the questions with supporting material from the week’s reading with thoughtful analysis. Christian worldview integration found, supported by scripture.
19 to 17 points*
Student’s post effectively answers both questions in the discussion board by thoroughly analyzing material presented by the course readings (internal sources) as well as other academically approved sources (external). Post shows a thorough interaction with material in a thought-provoking manner to encourage class interaction.
16 points*
Student’s post effectively answers the key points of both questions in the discussion board. Post reveals interaction with course readings (internal) sources or other academically approved (external) sources. Post shows proficient interaction with material in logical manner so as to encourage class interaction.
15 to 1 points*
Student’s post answers all or most of the key points of both questions in the discussion board. Post reveals interaction with some course (internal) sources or other (external) s.
CJUS 310Research Paper – Outline InstructionsYou must provide .docxclarebernice
CJUS 310
Research Paper – Outline Instructions
You must provide an in-depth outline of the research paper you plan to write based on the topic you selected in Module/Week 2. Your outline must contain headings that correlate to your chosen topic:
Introduction
First Heading
Sub-heading
Second Heading
Sub-heading
Third Heading
Sub-heading
Conclusion
Reference List
You must describe each point with 1–2 sentences. See the Research Paper – Final Draft Instructions for details on each section of the paper.
See the Research Paper – Outline Grading Rubric for all grading criteria. You will receive written explanation if your outline needs to be modified.
This assignment is due by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Monday of Module/Week 4.
CJUS 310
Research Paper – Final Instructions
Now that you have selected a topic, created an outline, and completed a rough draft, you will submit the final copy of your Research Paper. Below you will find detailed instructions for what needs to be included in each section of your paper as well as the details on the formatting.
Research Paper Guidelines
· Length of Paper: A minimum of 5 pages, excluding the title page, abstract, table of contents, reference list, and appendices.
· References: A minimum of 5 primary references and 5 biblical references. All references must be cited in the body of the paper and included in the reference list. Biblical references are only cited in text.
· Formatting: The paper must use 12-point, Times New Roman font and be double-spaced with 1-inch margins. The paper must follow current APA format.
Content
· Title Page: The title must be short and to the point. If the title is more than one line, double-space between the lines. The page header and page number appear at the top right of the title page. The title of the paper is centered on the page. Your name appears 1 double-space below the title. Your institutional affiliation appears 1 double-space below your name, then the course number and title 1 double-space below that. The running head must be in the upper right-hand corner.
· Abstract: A synopsis or executive summary of your project that also describes the purpose of the project and what it accomplishes.
· Introduction: A statement of your approach and assumptions, the background the reader needs to understand your approach, and an explanation of how you intend to address the main issues.
· First Heading: Presents an overview of the history and/or current learning related to the topic, based on literature and electronic sources. It provides the reader with an in-depth understanding regarding the topic.
· Second Heading: Provides the reader with an in-depth understanding of the topic and how the topic is applied in practical settings.
· Third Heading: Integrates the information about the topic and makes assumptions about the current and future use of juvenile justice. The presentation must provide the reader with sufficient information to understand and support the assumptions.
· Conclusi ...
Assignment ApplicationUsing the DataInformationKnowledgeWisdo.docxrosemariebrayshaw
Assignment: Application:
Using the Data/Information/Knowledge/Wisdom Continuum
Have you ever gone online to search for a journal article on a specific topic? It is amazing to see the large number of journals that are available in the health care field. When you view the library in its entirety, you are viewing untapped data. Until you actually research for your particular topic, there is little structure. Once you have narrowed it down, you have information and once you apply the information, you have knowledge. Eventually, after thoughtful research and diligent practice, you reach the level of wisdom—knowledge applied in meaningful ways.
Are there areas in your practice that you believe should be more fully explored? The central aims of nursing informatics are to manage and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom. This continuum represents the overarching structure of nursing informatics. In this Assignment, you develop a research question relevant to your practice area and relate how you would work through the progression from data to information, knowledge, and wisdom.
To prepare:
1.Review the information in Figure 6–2 in
Nursing Informatics and the Foundation of Knowledge
.
Figure 6-2. DIKW Framework
2.Develop a clinical question related to your area of practice that you would like to explore.
QUESTION: What is the
Acute Myocardial Infarction
Core Measure
Set.
3.Consider what you currently know about this topic. What additional information would you need to answer the question?
4.Using the continuum of data, information, knowledge, and wisdom, determine how you would go about researching your question.
Explore the available databases in the Walden Library. Identify which of these databases you would use to find the information or data you need.
Once you have identified useful databases, how would you go about finding the most relevant articles and information?
Consider how you would extract the relevant information from the articles.
How would you take the information and organize it in a way that was useful? How could you take the step from simply having useful knowledge to gaining wisdom?
By Day 7 of Week 4
Write a
3- to 4-page
paper that addresses the following:
1.Summarize the question you developed, and then relate how you would work through the four steps of the data, information, knowledge, wisdom continuum. Be specific.
Identify the databases and search words you would use.
Relate how you would take the information gleaned and turn it into useable knowledge.
2.Can informatics be used to gain wisdom? Describe how you would progress from simply having useful knowledge to the wisdom to make decisions about the information you have found during your database search.
Y
our paper must also include a title page, an introduction, a summary, and a reference pa
ge.
Grading Criteria
Evaluation Criteria for Applications and Formal Papers
Levels of Achievement
Criteria
Outstanding Performance
Excellent Perf.
Evaluation Criteria for Applications and Formal Papers Level.docxSANSKAR20
Evaluation Criteria for Applications and Formal Papers
Levels of Achievement
Criteria
Outstanding Performance
Excellent Performance
Competent Performance
Proficient Performance
Room for Improvement
QUALITY OF WORK SUBMITTED -
1. The extent to which work meets the assigned criteria and work reflects graduate level critical and analytic thinking (0-30 Points)
30 to 30 points
Assignment exceeds expectations. All topics are addressed with a minimum of 75% containing exceptional breadth and depth about each of the assignment topics
25 to 29 points
Assignment exceeds expectations. All topics are addressed with a minimum of 75% containing exceptional breadth and depth about each of the assignment topics
20 to 24 points
Assignment meets expectations. All topics are addressed with a minimum of 50% containing good breadth and depth about each of the assignment topics.
16 to 19 points
Assignment meets most of the expectations. One required topic is either not addressed or inadequately addressed.
0 to 15 points
Assignment superficially meets some of the expectations. Two or more required topics are either not addressed or inadequately addressed.
QUALITY OF WORK SUBMITTED: Purpose of the paper is clear (0-5 Points)
5 to 5 points
A clear and comprehensive purpose statement is provided which delineates all required criteria.
5 to 5 points
A clear and comprehensive purpose statement is provided which delineates all required criteria.
4 to 4 points
Purpose of the assignment is stated, yet is brief and not descriptive.
1 to 3 points
Purpose of the assignment is vague.
0 to 0 points
No purpose statement was provided.
ASSIMILATION AND SYNTHESIS OF IDEAS
The extent to which the work reflects the student’s ability to-
1. Understand and interpret the assignment’s key concepts (0-10 Points)
10 to 10 points
Demonstrates the ability to critically appraise and intellectually explore key concepts.
9 to 9 points
Demonstrates the ability to critically appraise and intellectually explore key concepts.
8 to 8 points
Demonstrates a clear understanding of key concepts.
5 to 7 points
Shows some degree of understanding of key concepts.
0 to 4 points
Shows a lack of understanding of key concepts, deviates from topics.
ASSIMILATION AND SYNTHESIS OF IDEAS 2. Apply and integrate material in course resources (i.e. video, required readings, and textbook) and credible outside resources (0-20 Points)
20 to 20 points
Demonstrates and applies exceptional support of major points and integrates 2 or more credible outside sources, in addition to 3-4 course resources to support point of view.
15 to 19 points
Demonstrates and applies exceptional support of major points and integrates 2 or more credible outside sources, in addition to 3-4 course resources to support point of view.
10 to 14 points
Integrates specific information from 1 credible outside resource and 3 to 4 course resources to support major points and point of view.
3 to 9 points
Minimally includes and integrates specific ...
Scoring Full Points on Discussion Questions1. Use headings to se.docxbagotjesusa
Scoring Full Points on Discussion Questions
1. Use headings to separate the different parts of your discussion. This helps to make sure you address everything you are asked to address in the discussion.
2. Use at least one outside professional resource published in the last 5 years in your initial post. I’ve already read your textbooks, so I want to see you applying material beyond what we are discussing in the course. Professional resources refer to books or journal articles, not Wikipedia or other non-professional sources.
3. Give a substantial response to more peers than is required for the minimum. For instance, if you are required to respond to one peer and you respond to one peer – you have met the standard. If you want to go above and beyond, respond to at least two peers in an effort to keep the conversation going. Responding to me does not count as a peer response.
4. Use at least one professional outside resource in your peer responses. This means using a book or journal article, not Wikipedia or other non-professional sources. This should not be the same resource as the one used in your initial post.
5. Proof read all work before posting! The best way to do this is to type a response in word, use spell check; proof read your work and then copy and paste into the discussion area. If you consistently turn in work that is full of spelling errors and grammatical mistakes, you will receive lower scores for your writing.
6. Be on time with all posts.
Scoring Full Points on Application Papers and Final Projects
1. Review the Quick Reference List for APA Formatting to make sure you are not making any of the mistakes outlined there.
2. Be sure to know the difference between quotation marks (“”), which are used around direct quotes, and apostrophes (‘) which are used to make words plural such as client’s or clients’.
3. Make sure to always include a cover page with page numbers. Refer to your APA manual as a guide.
4. Start each paper with an introduction that outlines what your paper will be talking about.
5. Use headings to separate the different areas of your paper. This will also help you make sure you are addressing everything you are being asked to address in your paper.
6. Include a conclusion that summarizes everything you have discussed in your paper.
7. Use at least two outside professional resources in your application papers that have been published within the last 5 years.
8. Put your references on a separate page and make sure all references are listed in alphabetical order and are double spaced.
9. Be sure to have accurate APA references and in text citations. Be sure to follow the APA 6th edition for how to do your citations and references.
10. Be on time with your applications.
11. Please note that Wikipedia and other online sites of that caliber are NOT scholarly resources. Your resources should be limited to academic books and journal articles only that are no more than 5 years old. The only exception for olde.
Assessment Task 3 What are the functions of management (Individu.docxgalerussel59292
Assessment Task 3: What are the functions of management? (Individual)
· Due 7 Jun by 23:59
· Points 40
· Submitting a file upload
Course code and name: BUSM4176 Introduction to Management
Assignment name: ePortfolio & Reflective Report
Weight: 40%
Assignment due date: Friday of week 13 at 23:59
Length: 1500 words (+/- 10%; excluding references)
Guidelines: How do I complete this assignment?
Learning Objectives Assessed:
CLO1: Evaluate leadership and management research and justify the application of management theory in contemporary contexts.
CLO2: Research management theory on and explain how this theory applies to contemporary and socially responsible practices.
CLO3: Effectively collaborate with others to locate appropriate resources to organise information and generate management solutions.
CLO4: Critically reflect on the relationship between management theory and management research evidence and communicate your knowledge of responsible management practices.
Assignment task: What do I need to do?
1. Design and create an e-portfolio which clearly and creatively communicates your understanding of the work skills you will need in the future and the marketplace where these may be situated. Your e-Portfolio should include:
· an orientation/landing page for your e-portfolio website
· at least 3 artefacts / evidence-based examples corresponding to three modules of course
· a copy of the badge from the Emotional Intelligence micro credential using the following instructions: Claiming Your Badge And Copying The URL For Submission.pdf
Actions
· the URL for your LinkedIn profile
· Instructions on how to create an ePortfolio are here: ePortfolios
2. Write a report summarising (1) your understanding of management theory presented in the course combined with (2) self-reflection illustrated by your e-portfolio. Include:
· a link to your e-portfolio, Emotional intelligence Micro credential badge and LinkedIn profile
· clearly explain how you would function as a manager and why
· suggest strategies for how you could demonstrate empathy to people that you manage
· demonstrate awareness of possible factors that might prevent you from managing effectively
· comment on artefacts in your e-portfolio which illustrate 'what does it mean for me to be work-life ready?'
1.
Rationale: Why is this important?
The contemporary workplace requires managers and leaders who are strong communicators, effective networkers, and reflective learners. When you apply for jobs while studying, or at the completion of your studies, you will need to talk about the skills you have, highlight your strengths, and demonstrate awareness of growth areas.
Managers need to organise and manage information, to lead and motivate others while developing positive relationships. Reflective managers and leaders also understand their strengths and actively look for opportunities to develop their sk.
Topic Explain why obesity is undesirable in the elderly and whatmaryettamckinnel
Topic : Explain why obesity is undesirable in the elderly and what physiological effects this could have. Provide an example of a patient in which you might check these labs, perform a test, given an injection etc. and how the results or your new knowledge would or could affect your plan of care?
The topic come from Chapter 24 of your text. You may use the textbook as one reference as well as the learning materials posted within the course. However, you must also locate a scholarly article related to your aging discussion question. Your question should be stated in your initial discussion post and answered based on pathophysiological principles and specifically those related to aging. Remember, you should focus on the pathophysiology of the content for your initial and peer replies as well as applying your knowledge to Advanced Practice Nursing.
RUBRIC:
Discussion Question Rubric
Note:
Scholarly resources are defined as evidence-based practice, peer-reviewed journals; textbook (do not rely solely on your textbook as a reference); and National Standard Guidelines. Review assignment instructions, as this will provide any additional requirements that are not specifically listed on the rubric.
Discussion Question Rubric – 100 PointsCriteriaExemplary
Exceeds ExpectationsAdvanced
Meets ExpectationsIntermediate
Needs ImprovementNovice
InadequateTotal PointsQuality of Initial PostProvides clear examples supported by course content and references.
Cites three or more references, using at least one new scholarly resource that was not provided in the course materials.
All instruction requirements noted.
40 points
Components are accurate and thoroughly represented, with explanations and application of knowledge to include evidence-based practice, ethics, theory, and/or role. Synthesizes course content using course materials and scholarly resources to support importantpoints.
Meets all requirements within the discussion instructions.
Cites two references.
35 points
Components are accurate and mostly represented primarily with definitions and summarization. Ideas may be overstated, with minimal contribution to the subject matter. Minimal application to evidence-based practice, theory, or role development. Synthesis of course content is present but missing depth and/or development.
Is missing one component/requirement of the discussion instructions.
Cites one reference, or references do not clearly support content.
Most instruction requirements are noted.
31 points
Absent application to evidence-based practice, theory, or role development. Synthesis of course content is superficial.
Demonstrates incomplete understanding of content and/or inadequate preparation.
No references cited.
Missing several instruction requirements.
Submits post late.
27 points40
Peer Response PostOffers both supportive and alternative viewpoints to the discussion, using two or more scholarly references per peer post. Post provides add ...
COLLEGE
PHYSICS LAB REPORT
STUDENTS NAME
ANALYSIS OF A BUBBLE CHAMBER PICTURE
SUPERVISED BY:
19/05/2020
1. Introduction
A bubble chamber is a vessel filled with a superheated transparent liquid (most often liquid hydrogen) used to detect electrically charged particles moving through it. It was invented in 1952 by Donald A. Glaser, for which he was awarded the 1960 Nobel Prize in Physics.
A convenient way to study the properties of the fundamental subatomic particles is through observation of their bubble trails, or tracks, in a bubble chamber. Using measurements made directly on a bubble chamber photograph, we can often identify the particles from their tracks and calculate their masses and other properties. In a typical experiment, a beam of a particular type of particle is sent from an accelerator into a bubble chamber, which is a large liquid-filled vessel. To simplify the analysis of the data, the liquid used is often hydrogen, the simplest element. The use of liquid hydrogen, while it simplifies the analysis, complicates the experiment itself, since hydrogen, a gas at room temperature, liquefies only when cooled to -246◦C. For charged particles to leave tracks in passing through the chamber, the liquid must be in a “super-heated” state, in which the slightest disturbance causes boiling to occur. In practice, this is accomplished by expanding the vapor above the liquid with a piston a few thousandths of a second before the particles enter the chamber.
2. Methods
2.1 Materials needed:
1. student worksheet per student
2. Ruler
3. Scissors
4. Glue stick
5. Pocket calculator
2.2 Procedures
2.2.1 Calculation of the X Particle’s Mass.
Make measurements on each of the photographs. In particular, for each of the circled events measure these four quantities:
· `Σ - The length of the Σ track,
· θ - the angle between the Σ− and π− track,
· s - the sagitta of the π− track,
· `π - The chord length of the π− track.
Your values for the event should be close to those given in the sample input. Run the program using each set of measurements, and tabulate the computed X0 mass from each event. Compute an average of the calculated masses and find the average deviation, expressing your result as Mx ±∆Mx.
Compare your final result with some known neutral particles listed below and identify the X0 particle based on this comparison.
Particlemass (in MeV/c2)
π0 135
K0 498
n 940
Λ0 1116
Σ0 1192
Ξ0 1315
2.2.2 Determination of the Angle θ.
The angle θ between the π− and Σ− momentum vectors can be determined by drawing tangents to the π− and Σ− tracks at the point of the Σ− decay.
We can then measure the angle between the tangents using a protractor. We can show.
Collins did not understand the events that led to the reasoning .docxvickeryr87
Collins did not understand the events that led to the reasoning why and actions how Wells Fargo conveyed victories, achievements, and accomplishments. Therefore, Collins was incorrect. Wells Fargo as a company was able to achieve earning because of their successful strategies in profit revenue or turnover for each employee. The Good to Great article brought up that many people were surprised when finding out what made companies successful especially in relation to the leadership (Collins, 2001).
Our text states that it is difficult for companies to find good ethical leaders because they tend to be more expensive (Meese, Ortmeier, 2001). Unethical leadership is sure to bring the downfall of any business; it is impossible to have a successful business if there are unethical practices, the employees are also bound to begin these practices making it difficult for the company to hold their end of their promises to their customers or members.
"He who oppresses the poor to make more for himself or who gives to the rich, will only come to poverty" (Proverbs 22:16).
Collins, J. (2001). Good to great: Why some companies make the leap and others don't. New York, NY: Harper Collins.
Mees, E., Ortmeier, P. (2001). Leadership, ethics, and policing:Challenges for the 21st century. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall
250-word reply to classmate threads. The reply requires a minimum of 1 properly formatted citation. Each reply must be completed by you, the individual student. Additionally, each thread and reply must reflect a solid Christian worldview through the use of at least 1 Holy Bible reference.
Responding to a classmate’s post requires both the addition of new ideas and analysis. A particular point made by the classmate must be addressed and built upon by your analysis in order
to move the conversation forward
. Thus, the response post is a rigorous assignment that requires you to build upon initial posts to develop deeper and more thorough discussion of the ideas introduced in the initial posts. As such, reply posts that merely affirm, restate, or unprofessionally quarrel with the previous post(s) and fail to make a valuable, substantive contribution to the discussion will receive appropriate point deductions.
.
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1 of 2 Fall 2010 Management Program PowerPoint P.docxjeremylockett77
1 of 2
Fall 2010
Management Program
PowerPoint Presentation Rubric
Presenter (s) ___________________________________
Preparation
76-100 51-75 26-50 0-25 Grading Scheme
Percentage
Organization
(20%)
Student presents
information in logical,
interesting sequence
which audience can
follow.
Student presents
information in logical
sequence which
audience can follow.
Audience has difficulty
following presentation
because student jumps
around.
Audience cannot
understand presentation
because there is no
sequence of information.
Content
(20%)
Content reflects a high
level of critical thinking;
data is accurate and
strongly supports the
analysis/conclusion.
Content was obtained
from a variety of relevant
resources and was
properly cited. All issues
are fully addressed.
Presentation contained
excellent examples which
were linked to objective.
Content is well thought
out, data is relevant
and supports
conclusions; reflects
critical thinking and
several relevant
sources of data are
used and are properly
cited. All issues are
included in the
presentation and good
examples were linked
to objective.
Content reflects minimal
depth with little
application of critical
thinking; minimal relevant
data sources are used
and minimal citations are
used. Some issues are
omitted and there were
few relevant examples or
the examples were not
well explained.
Content provides no
apparent application of
critical thinking; has weak
or erroneous facts or
misinterpretation; data
does not support
conclusions. Several
issues are omitted. Few
relevant data sources
used and there was poor
citation. There were no or
too few examples or
examples were difficult to
grasp or did not apply
directly to the objective.
Grammar/
Mechanics
(20%)
Presentation has no
misspellings or
grammatical errors.
Presentation has no
more than two
misspellings and/or
grammatical errors.
Presentation has three
misspellings and/or
grammatical errors.
Presentation has four or
more spelling errors and
or grammatical errors.
2 of 2
Fall 2010
Delivery (20%)
9-10 7-8 5-6 0-4 Grading Scheme
Percentage
Use of PowerPoint
(20%)
PowerPoint presentation
is professional and
enhances the
presentation.
PowerPoint
presentation is
professional based on
the grade level.
PowerPoint presentation
does not meet
expectations.
Poor quality of the
PowerPoint presentation
distracts from the
presentation.
Response to Peers
(20%)
Provided feedback to
more than 2 of your
peers’ powerpoint
presentation.
Provided feedback to
2 of your peers’
powerpoint
presentation.
Provided feedback to 1 of
your peers’ powerpoint
presentations.
Did not provide any
feedback to any peers’
powerpoint presentations.
Total Points:
Management ProgramPowerPoint Presentation RubricPresenter (s) ___________________________________
Graduate Writing ...
Directions essay 3 Write a post-session summary based on the com.docxmariona83
Directions essay 3
Write a post-session summary based on the completed experience. Include the following:
1. Explain the two learning disciplines that you examined for this assessment: team learning and systems thinking.
2. Team exercise plan:
. Outline the schedule for your team development session. Include the job titles or roles of the team members participating in the session. List the scheduled meeting date and time.
. Describe the problem or issue you chose as the intended purpose for your team development session.
. Identify the learning discipline that you chose to focus on for your team exercise. Explain the process used to select that learning discipline, the rationale for its selection, and the team development exercise that you used with your team.
· Post-session summary:
. Describe your team development experience in a narrative format.
. Explain the successful and unsuccessful aspects of the team development exercise.
. Explain the lessons learned for team facilitation, including both planned and unplanned journeys that resulted.
. Explain the lessons learned for your chosen discipline, and its potential for helping a group examine itself, choose new direction, and commit to that direction.
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Informative Poster Research Paper Peer Evaluation Form
At the conclusion of each group project, please rate yourself and your team colleagues on regarding the relative
contributions that were made in preparing, submitting, and presenting your group project. Please be honest,
objective, constructive, and fair in your evaluation of yourself and your colleagues. Your ratings will not be
disclosed to other students. In rating yourself and your peers, using the following five-point scale, where:
5 = Always 4 = Most of the time 3 = Sometimes 2 = Seldom 1 = Never
Project or Paper Title: _________________________________________________________________
*Insert YOUR NAME IN THE FIRST COLUMN and those of your peers’ in the other spaces. (One name at the top of each column).
Names __________ __________ __________ __________ __________
Participated in discussions or
meetings
Contributed thoughtful research
germane to topic
Helped keep the group on the
task
Contributed useful ideas
Quantity of work done
Quality of work done
Shared equally in the work
Cooperated with colleagues
Made fair, considered decisions
re: direction of project and work
Deliverables on time, as promised
= = = = =
Total Score
Please take a moment to reflect, and answer the following questions.
1. Would you want to work with this group again? Why or why not?
2. In one sentence each; describe each team member’s contribution toward the project reaching completion?
Dental Hygiene 1 Informative Poster Research Paper Rubric for Evaluation (100 points poss.)
Qualities and C.
Exemplary
Proficient
Progressing
Emerging
Element (1): Responsiveness: Did the student respond to the main question of the week?
9 points (28%)
Posts exceed requirements of the Discussion instructions (e.g., respond to the question being asked; go beyond what is required [i.e., incorporates additional readings outside of the assigned Learning Resources, and/or shares relevant professional experiences]; are substantive, reflective, and refers to Learning Resources demonstrating that the student has considered the information in Learning Resources and colleague postings).
9 points
Posts are responsive to and meet the requirements of the Discussion instructions. Posts respond to the question being asked in a substantive, reflective way and refer to Learning Resources demonstrating that the student has read, viewed, and considered the Learning Resources and colleague postings.
7–8 points
Posts are somewhat responsive to the requirements of the Discussion instructions. Posts are not substantive and rely more on anecdotal evidence (i.e., largely comprised of student opinion); and/or does not adequately demonstrate that the student has read, viewed, and considered Learning Resources and colleague postings.
4–6 points
Posts are unresponsive to the requirements of the Discussion instructions; miss the point of the question by providing responses that are not substantive and/or solely anecdotal (i.e., comprised of only student opinion); and do not demonstrate that the student has read, viewed, and considered Learning Resources and colleague postings.
0–3 points
Element (2): Critical Thinking, Analysis, and Synthesis: Is the student able to make meaning of the information?
9 points (28%)
Posts demonstrate the student’s ability to apply, reflect, AND synthesize concepts and issues presented in the weekly Learning Objectives. Student has integrated and mastered the general principles, ideas, and skills presented. Reflections include clear and direct correlation to authentic examples or are drawn from professional experience; insights demonstrate significant changes in awareness, self-understanding, and knowledge.
9 points
Posts demonstrate the student’s ability to apply, reflect OR synthesize concepts and issues presented in the weekly Learning Objectives. The student has integrated many of the general principles, ideas, and skills presented. Reflections include clear and direct correlation to authentic examples or are drawn from professional experience, share insights that demonstrate a change in awareness, self- understanding, and knowledge.
7–8 points
Posts demonstrate minimal ability to apply, reflect, or synthesize concepts and issues presented in the weekly Learning Objectives. The student has not fully integrated the general principles, ideas, and skills presented. There are little to no salient reflections, examples, or insights/experiences provided.
4–6 points
Posts demonstrate a lack of ability to apply, reflect, or synthesize c ...
Aaa assessment 2/Assessment description.pdf
Critical Thinking and Managerial Decision Making
Written Assessment- Reflective Essay
Task: The essay must be 2000 words (+/-10%) in length.
Cover page: The essay must include a cover page that contains your name, student number,
resident campus, assessment title, and lecturer.
Format: Text should be word-processed, with appropriate layout and use of headings/sub
headings. Times New Roman, 12 size font and line spacing (1.5).
Referencing: A minimum of 10 academic references are required. The list of references
should form the last page or two, at the end of the assessment. Referencing should be in a
consistent APA style.
Task Description: The objectives of this reflective essay are for students to (1) summarize,
critically review and reinforce key concepts and theories learned from week 1 to week 9 of this
unit. (2) reflect on these concepts/theories’ potential impact on students’ decision making, and
how these learnings are being applied and could be applied in their current jobs, development
of future career and/or their life generally. (3) reflect on new insights gained about oneself as a
result of learning the unit and propose a plan for self-development.
Minimum number of concepts/theories/themes required to pass: 6
Students ought to start the reflective essay in week 4 after the submission of their first
assignment. From week 4 to week 9 (a total of 6 weeks), students are expected to reflect on
the topics (week 1-week 9) this unit has covered and evaluate which concepts or theories
have inspired their thinking or influenced their decision making. This assignment still
requires an essay format with introduction section outlining the scope, purpose and
structure information. The body paragraphs need to contain at least six themes over the
course of six weeks, and each theme needs to contain a CONVINCING and PERSONAL
justification of why these concepts/theories are chosen and how the mentioned
concepts/theories have changed/might change the students’ thinking or the students’
decisions. For example, students could identify the concepts of “automatic versus critical
thinking” as a theme for one week’s reflection, and illustrate with personal examples how
having learned about the differences has enabled him/her to be more effective in making a
certain decision at work. Close to the end, the essay needs to reflect on self-knowledge and
highlight implications for future self-development.
To successfully complete this assessment task, students should answer the following reflective essay
questions:
Which concepts/theories from which week’s learning activities are significant or important to
you?
Why are these concepts/theories you have identified important or significant to you?
(Theoretical review)
How are the concepts/theories you have learned influencing/impacting your deci.
1
BUSS215 – Management Principles
Portfolio Project Directions and Rubric
This Assessment is worth 20% of your grade.
Completing this Assessment will help you to:
Course Outcomes:
• Explain various motivational techniques and rewards designed to improve employee
satisfaction.
• Apply the five primary functions of management; staffing, planning, organizing,
controlling and leading.
• Develop and demonstrate an understanding of how strategic planning meets the
organizational and departmental business objectives.
• Create and present a research paper that includes the basic functions of management that
defends your management and leadership decision-making process using Multimedia.
Program Outcomes:
• Recognize management and leadership skills.
• Identify and apply the basice functions of management such as staffing, planning,
organizing, controlling, and leading to the decision-making process.
Institutional Outcomes:
• Information Literacy and Communication - Utilize apporopriate current technology
and resources to locate and evaluate information needed to accomplish a goal, and then
communicate findings in visual, written and/or oral formats.
• Relational Learning - Transfer knowledge, skills and behaviors acquired through formal
and informal learning and life experiences to new situations.
• Community and Career - Participate in social, learning, and professional communities
for personal and career growth.
Deadlines
Timeline Activity Grading
Due Week 6 by Wednesday
at 11:59 pm, ET.
Submit your rough draft for
peer review.
This will count for 20% of
your overall Portfolio
Project grade.
Due Week 7 by Saturday at
11:59 pm, ET.
Upload your Portfolio Project to
Upload to your ePortfolio.
This will count for 80% of
your overall Portfolio
Project grade.
BUSS215 – Portfolio Project 2
Directions:
You will have the opportunity to write a Portfolio Project in which you explore a business
concept that is interesting to you and relate the ideas covered in this course which you may then
connect to your life and your future career interests.
Using your information literacy skills, you will research the information necessary to write your
Portfolio Project on a concept in business that we have covered in this course (please see below
for the approved topic list). The main objective of this Portfolio Project is to explore a business
concept, summarize the concept, and analyze the main points of experts in the field. In the
project you will provide a summary of the topic along with how it relates to what you have
learned in this course as well as to your role as a professional.
It is an expectation for this course that all written projects will follow the standards for fair use of
information, including the avoidance of all intentional and unintentional plagiarism, and
incorporating appropriate usage according to the conventions of the APA citatio ...
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APA style with 3 or more references
Research Theory in Homeland Security and Emergency Management
Emergency management, homeland security, and criminal justice are all fields that may be approached academically but certainly have a large practitioner’s base. This means that while some social scientists may be intently studying phenomena and behaviors occurring within professions related to these areas of expertise, many professionals in these lines of work may or may not have academic degrees related specifically to what they do each day. A third group,
practitioner scholars
, has combined an educational background with professional expertise and serves as a bridge between the two ends of the spectrum.
In your agency, the deputy uses old-fashioned techniques and does not necessarily embrace the idea that advanced degrees enhance an individual’s capabilities. However, a new chief has recently been appointed, and he believes education is tremendously valuable to crisis responders at any level. He also believes that theory and practice can be closely and successfully linked, even in daily operations.
You are considered a practitioner-scholar in your agency. Because of your remarkable education and demonstrated intellect, your manager has tasked you with drafting an information paper for your colleagues that explains how and why theory has a role in daily operations. You are informed you should also include arguments on the value of social science research and how such science can aid practitioners in performing their missions.
Primary Task Response:
Within the Discussion Board area,
write 400–600
words that respond to the following questions with your thoughts, ideas, and comments. This will be the foundation for future discussions by your classmates. Be substantive and clear, and use examples to reinforce your ideas:
In your own words, why do you think research theory has a daily role in the fields of homeland security and emergency management? Explain.
How valuable do you feel the use of social science research is to homeland security and emergency management practitioners? Explain.
Specifically, how do you think social science research can aid practitioners in performing their missions? Explain.
Why do you think some practitioners are resistant to seeking out higher education? Explain.
Should practitioners be required to obtain certain levels of education? Why or why not?
What homeland security or emergency management related research, if any, have you recently examined? Summarize.
Do you feel that the results of the research contain valuable data to the fields? Why or why not?
If you have not recently examined any homeland security or emergency management related research, what type(s) of research are you most interested in studying throughout this course? Why?
Project Criteria
Unacceptable
Minimal
Competent
Effective
Mastery
Subtotals
(15/75)
0 - 8 points:
9 - 10 points:
11 points:
12 - 13 points:
14 - 15 points:
0
Produce Mea.
Examine current practice guidelines related to suicide screeni.docxcravennichole326
Examine current practice guidelines related to suicide screening and prevention and how they could pertain to John.
Choose two of the following questions to answer as part of your initial post.
What events in John's life created a "downward spiral" into homelessness and hopelessness? Which events were related to social needs, mental health needs, and medical needs, and which could health care have addressed?
What were some of the barriers John faced in accessing medical care and mental health care?
How does homelessness and mental illness intersect? Do you believe homelessness may develop because of a mental health issue, or do you believe those who become homeless eventually sink into psychological despair?
The tipping point for many people who live at the margins of society may be things that could have been managed given the right support. How can your role as an APRN help identify, alleviate, or support those who are in need like John?
In your own experience, have you encountered a homeless individual? What was that like? Do you recall what you were thinking?
Please include at least three scholarly sources within your initial post.
Rubric:
Discussion Question Rubric
Note:
Scholarly resources are defined as evidence-based practice, peer-reviewed journals; textbook (do not rely solely on your textbook as a reference); and National Standard Guidelines. Review assignment instructions, as this will provide any additional requirements that are not specifically listed on the rubric.
Discussion Question Rubric – 100 PointsCriteriaExemplary
Exceeds ExpectationsAdvanced
Meets ExpectationsIntermediate
Needs ImprovementNovice
InadequateTotal PointsQuality of Initial PostProvides clear examples supported by course content and references.
Cites three or more references, using at least one new scholarly resource that was not provided in the course materials.
All instruction requirements noted.
40 points
Components are accurate and thoroughly represented, with explanations and application of knowledge to include evidence-based practice, ethics, theory, and/or role. Synthesizes course content using course materials and scholarly resources to support importantpoints.
Meets all requirements within the discussion instructions.
Cites two references.
35 points
Components are accurate and mostly represented primarily with definitions and summarization. Ideas may be overstated, with minimal contribution to the subject matter. Minimal application to evidence-based practice, theory, or role development. Synthesis of course content is present but missing depth and/or development.
Is missing one component/requirement of the discussion instructions.
Cites one reference, or references do not clearly support content.
Most instruction requirements are noted.
31 points
Absent application to evidence-based practice, theory, or role development. Synthesis of course content is superficial.
Demonstrates incomplete understandin.
75645 Topic documenting the project life cycleNumber of Pages.docxsleeperharwell
75645 Topic: documenting the project life cycle
Number of Pages: 4 (Double Spaced)
Number of sources: 1
Writing Style: APA
Type of document: Coursework
Academic Level:Undergraduate
Category: Computer Science
Language Style: English (U.S.)
Order Instructions: Attached
Well-written project documentation clarifies intent, documents decisions and results, and allows project managers to assess project progress (and report it, as necessary, to project stakeholders) at every step of the project lifecycle.
For this assignment, you will create two examples of project documentation that align with the Project Plan Draft assignment you completed in Week 1. The documentation you will create for this assignment aligns with the initiation and planning phases of a project.
If you chose the waterfall methodology for your Week 1 Project Plan Draft assignment, create the following:
A business requirements document, or BRD: Use the Business Requirements Template as the basis for your BRD.
A work breakdown schedule, or WBS: Use the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) Example document as the basis for your WBS.
Alternatively, if you chose the Agile methodology for your Week 1 Project Plan Draft assignment, create the following:
A product requirements document, or PRD: Read "Product Requirements Documents, Downsized" for assistance in creating this document.
User stories/scenarios and acceptance criteria: Review "Agile Requirements Snail: Feature to User Story to Scenario" for help in creating this document. Then use the Scenarios and COS tabs located in User Scenarios And Acceptance Criteria Example as the basis for your user stories/scenarios and acceptance criteria.
Submit your completed BRD and WBS, or your completed PRD and user stories/scenarios with acceptance criteria.
CSCI 561 DB Standardized Rubric
50 Points
Criteria
Levels of Achievement
Content
Advanced
Proficient
Developing
Not present
Thread (19 pts.)
Student effectively answers the questions with supporting material from the week’s reading with thoughtful analysis. Christian worldview integration found, supported by scripture.
19 to 17 points*
Student’s post effectively answers both questions in the discussion board by thoroughly analyzing material presented by the course readings (internal sources) as well as other academically approved sources (external). Post shows a thorough interaction with material in a thought-provoking manner to encourage class interaction.
16 points*
Student’s post effectively answers the key points of both questions in the discussion board. Post reveals interaction with course readings (internal) sources or other academically approved (external) sources. Post shows proficient interaction with material in logical manner so as to encourage class interaction.
15 to 1 points*
Student’s post answers all or most of the key points of both questions in the discussion board. Post reveals interaction with some course (internal) sources or other (external) s.
CJUS 310Research Paper – Outline InstructionsYou must provide .docxclarebernice
CJUS 310
Research Paper – Outline Instructions
You must provide an in-depth outline of the research paper you plan to write based on the topic you selected in Module/Week 2. Your outline must contain headings that correlate to your chosen topic:
Introduction
First Heading
Sub-heading
Second Heading
Sub-heading
Third Heading
Sub-heading
Conclusion
Reference List
You must describe each point with 1–2 sentences. See the Research Paper – Final Draft Instructions for details on each section of the paper.
See the Research Paper – Outline Grading Rubric for all grading criteria. You will receive written explanation if your outline needs to be modified.
This assignment is due by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Monday of Module/Week 4.
CJUS 310
Research Paper – Final Instructions
Now that you have selected a topic, created an outline, and completed a rough draft, you will submit the final copy of your Research Paper. Below you will find detailed instructions for what needs to be included in each section of your paper as well as the details on the formatting.
Research Paper Guidelines
· Length of Paper: A minimum of 5 pages, excluding the title page, abstract, table of contents, reference list, and appendices.
· References: A minimum of 5 primary references and 5 biblical references. All references must be cited in the body of the paper and included in the reference list. Biblical references are only cited in text.
· Formatting: The paper must use 12-point, Times New Roman font and be double-spaced with 1-inch margins. The paper must follow current APA format.
Content
· Title Page: The title must be short and to the point. If the title is more than one line, double-space between the lines. The page header and page number appear at the top right of the title page. The title of the paper is centered on the page. Your name appears 1 double-space below the title. Your institutional affiliation appears 1 double-space below your name, then the course number and title 1 double-space below that. The running head must be in the upper right-hand corner.
· Abstract: A synopsis or executive summary of your project that also describes the purpose of the project and what it accomplishes.
· Introduction: A statement of your approach and assumptions, the background the reader needs to understand your approach, and an explanation of how you intend to address the main issues.
· First Heading: Presents an overview of the history and/or current learning related to the topic, based on literature and electronic sources. It provides the reader with an in-depth understanding regarding the topic.
· Second Heading: Provides the reader with an in-depth understanding of the topic and how the topic is applied in practical settings.
· Third Heading: Integrates the information about the topic and makes assumptions about the current and future use of juvenile justice. The presentation must provide the reader with sufficient information to understand and support the assumptions.
· Conclusi ...
Assignment ApplicationUsing the DataInformationKnowledgeWisdo.docxrosemariebrayshaw
Assignment: Application:
Using the Data/Information/Knowledge/Wisdom Continuum
Have you ever gone online to search for a journal article on a specific topic? It is amazing to see the large number of journals that are available in the health care field. When you view the library in its entirety, you are viewing untapped data. Until you actually research for your particular topic, there is little structure. Once you have narrowed it down, you have information and once you apply the information, you have knowledge. Eventually, after thoughtful research and diligent practice, you reach the level of wisdom—knowledge applied in meaningful ways.
Are there areas in your practice that you believe should be more fully explored? The central aims of nursing informatics are to manage and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom. This continuum represents the overarching structure of nursing informatics. In this Assignment, you develop a research question relevant to your practice area and relate how you would work through the progression from data to information, knowledge, and wisdom.
To prepare:
1.Review the information in Figure 6–2 in
Nursing Informatics and the Foundation of Knowledge
.
Figure 6-2. DIKW Framework
2.Develop a clinical question related to your area of practice that you would like to explore.
QUESTION: What is the
Acute Myocardial Infarction
Core Measure
Set.
3.Consider what you currently know about this topic. What additional information would you need to answer the question?
4.Using the continuum of data, information, knowledge, and wisdom, determine how you would go about researching your question.
Explore the available databases in the Walden Library. Identify which of these databases you would use to find the information or data you need.
Once you have identified useful databases, how would you go about finding the most relevant articles and information?
Consider how you would extract the relevant information from the articles.
How would you take the information and organize it in a way that was useful? How could you take the step from simply having useful knowledge to gaining wisdom?
By Day 7 of Week 4
Write a
3- to 4-page
paper that addresses the following:
1.Summarize the question you developed, and then relate how you would work through the four steps of the data, information, knowledge, wisdom continuum. Be specific.
Identify the databases and search words you would use.
Relate how you would take the information gleaned and turn it into useable knowledge.
2.Can informatics be used to gain wisdom? Describe how you would progress from simply having useful knowledge to the wisdom to make decisions about the information you have found during your database search.
Y
our paper must also include a title page, an introduction, a summary, and a reference pa
ge.
Grading Criteria
Evaluation Criteria for Applications and Formal Papers
Levels of Achievement
Criteria
Outstanding Performance
Excellent Perf.
Evaluation Criteria for Applications and Formal Papers Level.docxSANSKAR20
Evaluation Criteria for Applications and Formal Papers
Levels of Achievement
Criteria
Outstanding Performance
Excellent Performance
Competent Performance
Proficient Performance
Room for Improvement
QUALITY OF WORK SUBMITTED -
1. The extent to which work meets the assigned criteria and work reflects graduate level critical and analytic thinking (0-30 Points)
30 to 30 points
Assignment exceeds expectations. All topics are addressed with a minimum of 75% containing exceptional breadth and depth about each of the assignment topics
25 to 29 points
Assignment exceeds expectations. All topics are addressed with a minimum of 75% containing exceptional breadth and depth about each of the assignment topics
20 to 24 points
Assignment meets expectations. All topics are addressed with a minimum of 50% containing good breadth and depth about each of the assignment topics.
16 to 19 points
Assignment meets most of the expectations. One required topic is either not addressed or inadequately addressed.
0 to 15 points
Assignment superficially meets some of the expectations. Two or more required topics are either not addressed or inadequately addressed.
QUALITY OF WORK SUBMITTED: Purpose of the paper is clear (0-5 Points)
5 to 5 points
A clear and comprehensive purpose statement is provided which delineates all required criteria.
5 to 5 points
A clear and comprehensive purpose statement is provided which delineates all required criteria.
4 to 4 points
Purpose of the assignment is stated, yet is brief and not descriptive.
1 to 3 points
Purpose of the assignment is vague.
0 to 0 points
No purpose statement was provided.
ASSIMILATION AND SYNTHESIS OF IDEAS
The extent to which the work reflects the student’s ability to-
1. Understand and interpret the assignment’s key concepts (0-10 Points)
10 to 10 points
Demonstrates the ability to critically appraise and intellectually explore key concepts.
9 to 9 points
Demonstrates the ability to critically appraise and intellectually explore key concepts.
8 to 8 points
Demonstrates a clear understanding of key concepts.
5 to 7 points
Shows some degree of understanding of key concepts.
0 to 4 points
Shows a lack of understanding of key concepts, deviates from topics.
ASSIMILATION AND SYNTHESIS OF IDEAS 2. Apply and integrate material in course resources (i.e. video, required readings, and textbook) and credible outside resources (0-20 Points)
20 to 20 points
Demonstrates and applies exceptional support of major points and integrates 2 or more credible outside sources, in addition to 3-4 course resources to support point of view.
15 to 19 points
Demonstrates and applies exceptional support of major points and integrates 2 or more credible outside sources, in addition to 3-4 course resources to support point of view.
10 to 14 points
Integrates specific information from 1 credible outside resource and 3 to 4 course resources to support major points and point of view.
3 to 9 points
Minimally includes and integrates specific ...
Scoring Full Points on Discussion Questions1. Use headings to se.docxbagotjesusa
Scoring Full Points on Discussion Questions
1. Use headings to separate the different parts of your discussion. This helps to make sure you address everything you are asked to address in the discussion.
2. Use at least one outside professional resource published in the last 5 years in your initial post. I’ve already read your textbooks, so I want to see you applying material beyond what we are discussing in the course. Professional resources refer to books or journal articles, not Wikipedia or other non-professional sources.
3. Give a substantial response to more peers than is required for the minimum. For instance, if you are required to respond to one peer and you respond to one peer – you have met the standard. If you want to go above and beyond, respond to at least two peers in an effort to keep the conversation going. Responding to me does not count as a peer response.
4. Use at least one professional outside resource in your peer responses. This means using a book or journal article, not Wikipedia or other non-professional sources. This should not be the same resource as the one used in your initial post.
5. Proof read all work before posting! The best way to do this is to type a response in word, use spell check; proof read your work and then copy and paste into the discussion area. If you consistently turn in work that is full of spelling errors and grammatical mistakes, you will receive lower scores for your writing.
6. Be on time with all posts.
Scoring Full Points on Application Papers and Final Projects
1. Review the Quick Reference List for APA Formatting to make sure you are not making any of the mistakes outlined there.
2. Be sure to know the difference between quotation marks (“”), which are used around direct quotes, and apostrophes (‘) which are used to make words plural such as client’s or clients’.
3. Make sure to always include a cover page with page numbers. Refer to your APA manual as a guide.
4. Start each paper with an introduction that outlines what your paper will be talking about.
5. Use headings to separate the different areas of your paper. This will also help you make sure you are addressing everything you are being asked to address in your paper.
6. Include a conclusion that summarizes everything you have discussed in your paper.
7. Use at least two outside professional resources in your application papers that have been published within the last 5 years.
8. Put your references on a separate page and make sure all references are listed in alphabetical order and are double spaced.
9. Be sure to have accurate APA references and in text citations. Be sure to follow the APA 6th edition for how to do your citations and references.
10. Be on time with your applications.
11. Please note that Wikipedia and other online sites of that caliber are NOT scholarly resources. Your resources should be limited to academic books and journal articles only that are no more than 5 years old. The only exception for olde.
Assessment Task 3 What are the functions of management (Individu.docxgalerussel59292
Assessment Task 3: What are the functions of management? (Individual)
· Due 7 Jun by 23:59
· Points 40
· Submitting a file upload
Course code and name: BUSM4176 Introduction to Management
Assignment name: ePortfolio & Reflective Report
Weight: 40%
Assignment due date: Friday of week 13 at 23:59
Length: 1500 words (+/- 10%; excluding references)
Guidelines: How do I complete this assignment?
Learning Objectives Assessed:
CLO1: Evaluate leadership and management research and justify the application of management theory in contemporary contexts.
CLO2: Research management theory on and explain how this theory applies to contemporary and socially responsible practices.
CLO3: Effectively collaborate with others to locate appropriate resources to organise information and generate management solutions.
CLO4: Critically reflect on the relationship between management theory and management research evidence and communicate your knowledge of responsible management practices.
Assignment task: What do I need to do?
1. Design and create an e-portfolio which clearly and creatively communicates your understanding of the work skills you will need in the future and the marketplace where these may be situated. Your e-Portfolio should include:
· an orientation/landing page for your e-portfolio website
· at least 3 artefacts / evidence-based examples corresponding to three modules of course
· a copy of the badge from the Emotional Intelligence micro credential using the following instructions: Claiming Your Badge And Copying The URL For Submission.pdf
Actions
· the URL for your LinkedIn profile
· Instructions on how to create an ePortfolio are here: ePortfolios
2. Write a report summarising (1) your understanding of management theory presented in the course combined with (2) self-reflection illustrated by your e-portfolio. Include:
· a link to your e-portfolio, Emotional intelligence Micro credential badge and LinkedIn profile
· clearly explain how you would function as a manager and why
· suggest strategies for how you could demonstrate empathy to people that you manage
· demonstrate awareness of possible factors that might prevent you from managing effectively
· comment on artefacts in your e-portfolio which illustrate 'what does it mean for me to be work-life ready?'
1.
Rationale: Why is this important?
The contemporary workplace requires managers and leaders who are strong communicators, effective networkers, and reflective learners. When you apply for jobs while studying, or at the completion of your studies, you will need to talk about the skills you have, highlight your strengths, and demonstrate awareness of growth areas.
Managers need to organise and manage information, to lead and motivate others while developing positive relationships. Reflective managers and leaders also understand their strengths and actively look for opportunities to develop their sk.
Topic Explain why obesity is undesirable in the elderly and whatmaryettamckinnel
Topic : Explain why obesity is undesirable in the elderly and what physiological effects this could have. Provide an example of a patient in which you might check these labs, perform a test, given an injection etc. and how the results or your new knowledge would or could affect your plan of care?
The topic come from Chapter 24 of your text. You may use the textbook as one reference as well as the learning materials posted within the course. However, you must also locate a scholarly article related to your aging discussion question. Your question should be stated in your initial discussion post and answered based on pathophysiological principles and specifically those related to aging. Remember, you should focus on the pathophysiology of the content for your initial and peer replies as well as applying your knowledge to Advanced Practice Nursing.
RUBRIC:
Discussion Question Rubric
Note:
Scholarly resources are defined as evidence-based practice, peer-reviewed journals; textbook (do not rely solely on your textbook as a reference); and National Standard Guidelines. Review assignment instructions, as this will provide any additional requirements that are not specifically listed on the rubric.
Discussion Question Rubric – 100 PointsCriteriaExemplary
Exceeds ExpectationsAdvanced
Meets ExpectationsIntermediate
Needs ImprovementNovice
InadequateTotal PointsQuality of Initial PostProvides clear examples supported by course content and references.
Cites three or more references, using at least one new scholarly resource that was not provided in the course materials.
All instruction requirements noted.
40 points
Components are accurate and thoroughly represented, with explanations and application of knowledge to include evidence-based practice, ethics, theory, and/or role. Synthesizes course content using course materials and scholarly resources to support importantpoints.
Meets all requirements within the discussion instructions.
Cites two references.
35 points
Components are accurate and mostly represented primarily with definitions and summarization. Ideas may be overstated, with minimal contribution to the subject matter. Minimal application to evidence-based practice, theory, or role development. Synthesis of course content is present but missing depth and/or development.
Is missing one component/requirement of the discussion instructions.
Cites one reference, or references do not clearly support content.
Most instruction requirements are noted.
31 points
Absent application to evidence-based practice, theory, or role development. Synthesis of course content is superficial.
Demonstrates incomplete understanding of content and/or inadequate preparation.
No references cited.
Missing several instruction requirements.
Submits post late.
27 points40
Peer Response PostOffers both supportive and alternative viewpoints to the discussion, using two or more scholarly references per peer post. Post provides add ...
Similar to 242019 Assignment due Week 5 - Mainstream media and HIVAIDS.docx (20)
COLLEGE
PHYSICS LAB REPORT
STUDENTS NAME
ANALYSIS OF A BUBBLE CHAMBER PICTURE
SUPERVISED BY:
19/05/2020
1. Introduction
A bubble chamber is a vessel filled with a superheated transparent liquid (most often liquid hydrogen) used to detect electrically charged particles moving through it. It was invented in 1952 by Donald A. Glaser, for which he was awarded the 1960 Nobel Prize in Physics.
A convenient way to study the properties of the fundamental subatomic particles is through observation of their bubble trails, or tracks, in a bubble chamber. Using measurements made directly on a bubble chamber photograph, we can often identify the particles from their tracks and calculate their masses and other properties. In a typical experiment, a beam of a particular type of particle is sent from an accelerator into a bubble chamber, which is a large liquid-filled vessel. To simplify the analysis of the data, the liquid used is often hydrogen, the simplest element. The use of liquid hydrogen, while it simplifies the analysis, complicates the experiment itself, since hydrogen, a gas at room temperature, liquefies only when cooled to -246◦C. For charged particles to leave tracks in passing through the chamber, the liquid must be in a “super-heated” state, in which the slightest disturbance causes boiling to occur. In practice, this is accomplished by expanding the vapor above the liquid with a piston a few thousandths of a second before the particles enter the chamber.
2. Methods
2.1 Materials needed:
1. student worksheet per student
2. Ruler
3. Scissors
4. Glue stick
5. Pocket calculator
2.2 Procedures
2.2.1 Calculation of the X Particle’s Mass.
Make measurements on each of the photographs. In particular, for each of the circled events measure these four quantities:
· `Σ - The length of the Σ track,
· θ - the angle between the Σ− and π− track,
· s - the sagitta of the π− track,
· `π - The chord length of the π− track.
Your values for the event should be close to those given in the sample input. Run the program using each set of measurements, and tabulate the computed X0 mass from each event. Compute an average of the calculated masses and find the average deviation, expressing your result as Mx ±∆Mx.
Compare your final result with some known neutral particles listed below and identify the X0 particle based on this comparison.
Particlemass (in MeV/c2)
π0 135
K0 498
n 940
Λ0 1116
Σ0 1192
Ξ0 1315
2.2.2 Determination of the Angle θ.
The angle θ between the π− and Σ− momentum vectors can be determined by drawing tangents to the π− and Σ− tracks at the point of the Σ− decay.
We can then measure the angle between the tangents using a protractor. We can show.
Collins did not understand the events that led to the reasoning .docxvickeryr87
Collins did not understand the events that led to the reasoning why and actions how Wells Fargo conveyed victories, achievements, and accomplishments. Therefore, Collins was incorrect. Wells Fargo as a company was able to achieve earning because of their successful strategies in profit revenue or turnover for each employee. The Good to Great article brought up that many people were surprised when finding out what made companies successful especially in relation to the leadership (Collins, 2001).
Our text states that it is difficult for companies to find good ethical leaders because they tend to be more expensive (Meese, Ortmeier, 2001). Unethical leadership is sure to bring the downfall of any business; it is impossible to have a successful business if there are unethical practices, the employees are also bound to begin these practices making it difficult for the company to hold their end of their promises to their customers or members.
"He who oppresses the poor to make more for himself or who gives to the rich, will only come to poverty" (Proverbs 22:16).
Collins, J. (2001). Good to great: Why some companies make the leap and others don't. New York, NY: Harper Collins.
Mees, E., Ortmeier, P. (2001). Leadership, ethics, and policing:Challenges for the 21st century. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall
250-word reply to classmate threads. The reply requires a minimum of 1 properly formatted citation. Each reply must be completed by you, the individual student. Additionally, each thread and reply must reflect a solid Christian worldview through the use of at least 1 Holy Bible reference.
Responding to a classmate’s post requires both the addition of new ideas and analysis. A particular point made by the classmate must be addressed and built upon by your analysis in order
to move the conversation forward
. Thus, the response post is a rigorous assignment that requires you to build upon initial posts to develop deeper and more thorough discussion of the ideas introduced in the initial posts. As such, reply posts that merely affirm, restate, or unprofessionally quarrel with the previous post(s) and fail to make a valuable, substantive contribution to the discussion will receive appropriate point deductions.
.
Define discrimination, victimization and affirmative actions; .docxvickeryr87
Define discrimination, victimization and affirmative actions; and consider the ethical and legal aspects of each
Consider problems with sexual harassment and workplace drugs, and consider the ethical implication of company policies directed at each
Reference
American Public University System. (n.d.). MGMT200: Lesson 5: The Corporation and External Stakeholders. Retrieved from https://apus.realizeithome.com/
Collins, D. (2012). Business Ethics. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley
Weiss, J. (2014).
Business Ethics: A Stakeholder & Issues Management Approach
. San Francisco, CA: Koehler.
.
Define data mining. Why are there many names and definitions for d.docxvickeryr87
Define data mining. Why are there many names and definitions for data mining
What are the main reasons for the recent popularity of data mining?
Discuss what an organization should consider before making a decision to purchase data mining software.
.
Define culture. How can culture be conceptionalizedDiscuss at l.docxvickeryr87
Define culture. How can culture be conceptionalized?
Discuss at least two of the variables that moderate differences between domestic and international HR practices.
Compare cross-cultural management studies, and list their advantages and disadvantages.
Discuss two HR activities in which a multinational firm must engage, which would not be required in a domestic environment?
200 words
In text citations
Dowling, P. J., Festing, M., & Engle, A. (2013).
(6th ed.). Boston, MA:
International human resource management Cengage
.
Define cultural relativism and how it is used by anthropologis.docxvickeryr87
Define cultural relativism and how it is used by anthropologists as an approach to cross-cultural research. Explain how cultural relativism contributes to anthropologists' efforts to counter ethnocentrism.
Describe an example of how your culture has ‘taught’ you to behave the way you do, or to believe what you believe. This could be an instance in which you were taught a lesson, or perhaps when you made a mistake and were corrected by an elder. Think about how such lessons shape your worldview, your ideas about what's "normal," and your values. Are these universal beliefs or are they culturally constructed?
I need the answer in the form of a speech draft cause I need to use it on presentation.!!!!!!!!!!!!
First question no less than 200 words, the second question no less than 150 words
.
Define cost control and provide several examples of how it affec.docxvickeryr87
Define cost control and provide several examples of how it affects managers at all levels within a healthcare organization. Compare and contrast Medicare and Medicaid in terms of eligibility, benefit packages, access to care, and other key dimensions. Discuss the various ways in which healthcare reform has affected and may affect the financial delivery of health care today and into the future.
.
Define corporate governance.Discuss the events that led up.docxvickeryr87
Define corporate governance.
Discuss the events that led up to the need for increased corporate governance.
Define business strategy. List five possible business strategies.
Discuss the purpose of the Capability Maturity Model.
Define auditing.
Define internal control and provide an example of a control.
Discuss the role Sarbanes/Oxley has played with respect to corporate governance.
Define IT governance.
List factors one should consider with respect to governing the cloud.
I need answers with references and intext citations.
.
Define communication in your own words. Identify and distinguish amo.docxvickeryr87
Define communication in your own words. Identify and distinguish among the five forms of communication and the persuasive speech ( please read content). I’m also including my two papers so you can compare. my art and music essay is my persuasive essay it’s also my best essay please read content.......
.
Define Civil Liberties. List 5 Civil Liberties. How do they differ.docxvickeryr87
Define Civil Liberties. List 5 Civil Liberties. How do they differ from Civil Rights? Which groups have challenged government and individuals to obtain Civil Rights, and how? Provide at least three examples of civil rights legislation that were a result of civil rights movements.
.
Define civilization. Do we really need it in order to survive and pr.docxvickeryr87
Define civilization. Do we really need it in order to survive and prosper on this planet? The real question is whether we can live above subsistence without the technological innovations that cities generate. Moreover, the question is not as frivolous as it may seem at first glance. Many cultures throughout human history consciously decided not to take the route toward nucleated settlements and the resultant consequences. The Celts represent one example from the time line of our course of a people who preferred not to have cities. The Avars, a Turkic-speaking people from Central Asia, were pastoral nomads who acquired cities during the course of their conquests, yet they “used” cities in ways that would strike average city dwellers as most strange.
Section 2.1 of your textbook,
World History: The Human Experience to 1500
, presents nine characteristics commonly associated with civilizations. Choose one society from the
Week One Civilization Tour
, which includes Mesopotamian, Olmec, Egyptian, Harappan, and Ancient Chinese societies. Based on at least two of the characteristics listed in Section 2.1, explain why your chosen society can be considered a civilization. Provide specific examples drawn from this week’s learning materials to support your claims. Cite all sources according to APA style as outlined in the
Ashford Writing Center
, using both in-text citations and providing full references at the bottom of your post.
Your initial post should be a minimum of 300 words. Respond to two colleagues in a substantive post of at least 150 words.
.
Define case management and care management and compare the dif.docxvickeryr87
Define case management and care management and compare the differences.
Mention and discuss the case management concepts into the clinical practice of community health nursing.
Give the definition of family, mention, and discuss the different types of families, mention, and discuss the model of care for families.
Describe strategies for moving from intervention at the family level to intervention at the aggregate level
.
Define Bureaucracy. Government at all levels has grown enormously, .docxvickeryr87
Define Bureaucracy. Government at all levels has grown enormously, how is the federal bureaucracy organized. (give examples of the 4 levels) . How has bureaucracy grown over time and why? Why might independent regulatory agencies be considered the fourth branch of government? What are iron triangles and issue networks and how do they affect policymaking? Describe recent attempts to reduce bureaucratic inefficiency and improve performance?
.
Define and explain how the Twitter search function works to search f.docxvickeryr87
Define and explain how the Twitter search function works to search for specific words in any Twitter post.
In developing your initial response, be sure to draw from, explore, and cite credible reference materials, including
at least one scholarly peer-reviewed reference
. In responding to your classmates’ posts, you are encouraged to examine their opinions, offering supporting and/or opposing views.
.
Define and relate these different terminologies and Information Gove.docxvickeryr87
Define and relate these different terminologies and Information Governance (IG), Data Governance (DG) and Information Technology Governance (ITG), E-Discovery, Digital Assets; how do you see IT Governance evolving in the next 5 years? What framework will you adopt to in implementing the IT Governance Initiative, and demonstrate its applicability.
.
Define and provide examples of-Basic probability- Bayes the.docxvickeryr87
Define and provide examples of:
-Basic probability
- Bayes theorem
- Multiplication rule
- Addition rule
-Binomial distribution
-Poisson distribution
-Normal distribution
-Sample distribution
-Central limit theorem
Use Apa Style, cites, references and avoid plagiarism.
.
Define and discuss the phrase Manifest Destiny. Explain how this b.docxvickeryr87
Define and discuss the phrase "Manifest Destiny." Explain how this belief came to divide the nation.
Your response should be at least 200 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.
.
Define and discuss the differences between vision and mission stat.docxvickeryr87
Define and discuss the differences between vision and mission statements.
Your response should be at least 200 words in length. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.
David, F. (2011). 1.
Strategic management: concepts & cases
(Custom Edition ed., pp. 11-13). New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin.
No Wiki, Dictionary.com or Plagiarism
.
Define and discuss the four types of innovation. How might these.docxvickeryr87
Define and discuss the four types of innovation. How might these innovations relate to the industry life cycle?
business innovation is:
Discuss the ‘make versus buy decision firms often are forced to make (Define terms)
What is vertical integration? Discuss to include benefit, risk, possible alternative, relationship to company value chain.
.
Define and discuss the data wiping process.Discuss how a cloud.docxvickeryr87
Define and discuss the data wiping process.
Discuss how a cloud-based solution provider may reduce the risk of a DDoS attack.
Define and discuss hyperjacking attacks.
Define and discuss guest-hopping attacks.
Paper requirements
:
Minimum
1200
words (excluding title page, table of contents, abstract, and references pages)
Minimum of four (4) references
Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines
When submitting the assignment, please ensure you are submitting as an attached
MS Word document
.
.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
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Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
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The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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242019 Assignment due Week 5 - Mainstream media and HIVAIDS.docx
1. 2/4/2019 Assignment due Week 5 - Mainstream media and
HIV/AIDS
https://oregonstate.instructure.com/courses/1708319/assignment
s/7429085?module_item_id=18423339 1/3
Assignment due Week 5 - Mainstream media and HIV/AIDS
Due Thursday by 11:59pm Points 30 Submitting a text entry
box or a file upload
Assignment Rubric
Submit Assignment
Purpose
Critical analysis is a vital part of learning. The goal of this
assignment is to help you practice
your skills in reading mainstream media articles and being able
to critically evaluate it as a
source of information.
Instruc ons
Your analysis of the article should exhibit careful thought,
logical reasoning and provide evidence for your
answers. Each post should be at least two well-developed
paragraph (approximately 4-6 sentences each
minimum). Use correct spelling, punctuation, and grammar.
Identify an article released by the mainstream media to the
2. general public that discusses HIV/AIDS.
Example of an article is Botswana HIV Aids Deaths Decline
(https://allafrica.com/stories/201810030288.html) .
1. Identify which levels of the SEM are being addressed
2. Identify which levels of the SEM not addressed
3. In what ways might this article lead to stigma and
discrimination that places a person or group at risk of
contracting HIV/AIDS?
4. Provide a written opinion on the how this article positively,
negatively, or even excludes information
that contributes to the stemming of the HIV/AIDS epidemic.
Submission Details
Due: Thursday by 11:59 pm
Grading Criteria
Opinion based in logical reasoning and evidence: 4 points
Identified SEM levels (both addressed and not addressed): 2
points
Length of post approximately 4-6 sentences or more: 2 points
Spelling and grammar: 2 points
2/4/2019 Assignment due Week 5 - Mainstream media and
HIV/AIDS
https://oregonstate.instructure.com/courses/1708319/assignment
s/7429085?module_item_id=18423339 2/3
Criteria Ratings Pts
3. 8.0 pts
8.0 pts
4.0 pts
3.0 pts
Organization
8.0 pts
Full Marks
Writing shows high
degree of attention
to logic and
reasoning of points.
Unity clearly leads
the reader to the
conclusion and stirs
thought regarding
the topic.
6.0 pts
Above Average
Writing is coherent
and logically
organized with
transitions used
between ideas and
paragraphs to
create coherence.
Overall unity of
4. ideas is present.
4.0 pts
Adequate
Writing is coherent
and logically
organized. Some
points remain
misplaced and
stray from the topic.
Transitions evident
but not used
throughout essay.
2.0 pts
Inadequate
Writing lacks
logical
organization.
It shows
some
coherence
but ideas
lack unity.
Serious
errors.
0.0 pts
No
Marks
5. Level of
Content
8.0 pts
Full Marks
Content indicates
synthesis of ideas,
in-depth analysis
and evidences
original thought and
support for the topic.
6.0 pts
Above Average
Content
indicates
original thinking
and develops
ideas with
sufficient and
firm evidence.
4.0 pts
Adequate
Content
indicates
thinking and
reasoning
applied with
6. original thought
on a few ideas.
2.0 pts
Inadequate
Shows some
thinking and
reasoning but
most ideas are
underdeveloped
and unoriginal.
0.0 pts
No
Marks
Development
4.0 pts
Full Marks
Main points well
developed with
high quality and
quantity support.
Reveals high
degree of critical
thinking.
3.0 pts
Above Average
7. Main points well
developed with
quality supporting
details and
quantity. Critical
thinking is weaved
into points
2.0 pts
Adequate
Main points are
present with
limited detail and
development.
Some critical
thinking is
present.
1.0 pts
Inadequate
Main points lack
detailed
development.
Ideas are vague
with little
evidence of
critical thinking.
0.0 pts
No
8. Marks
Grammar
and
Mechanics
3.0 pts
Full Marks
Free of
distracting
spelling,
punctuation,
and
grammatical
errors; absent of
fragments,
comma splices,
and run-ons.
2.0 pts
Above Average
Essay has few
spelling,
punctuation, and
grammatical
errors allowing
reader to follow
ideas clearly. Very
few fragments or
run-ons.
9. 1.0 pts
Adequate
Most spelling,
punctuation,
and grammar
correct allowing
reader to
progress
though essay.
Some errors
remain.
0.0 pts
Inadequate
Spelling, punctuation,
and grammatical
errors create
distraction, making
reading difficult;
fragments, comma
splices, run-ons
evident. Errors are
frequent.
0.0 pts
No
Marks
10. 2/4/2019 Assignment due Week 5 - Mainstream media and
HIV/AIDS
https://oregonstate.instructure.com/courses/1708319/assignment
s/7429085?module_item_id=18423339 3/3
Total Points: 30.0
Criteria Ratings Pts
4.0 pts
3.0 pts
Style
4.0 pts
Full Marks
Shows outstanding
style going beyond
usual college level;
rhetorical devices and
tone used effectively;
creative use of
sentence structure
and coordination
3.0 pts
Above Average
Attains college
level style; tone is
appropriate and
rhetorical devices
11. used to enhance
content; sentence
variety used
effectively.
2.0 pts
Adequate
Approaches
college level
usage of some
variety in
sentence
patterns,
diction, and
rhetorical
devices.
1.0 pts
Inadequate
Mostly in
elementary form
with little or no
variety in
sentence
structure,
diction,
rhetorical
devices or
emphasis.
0.0 pts
12. No
Marks
Format
3.0 pts
Full Marks
Meets all formal and
assignment
requirements and
evidences attention to
detail; all margins,
spacing and
indentations are
correct; essay is neat
and correctly
assembled with
professional look.
2.0 pts
Above
Average
Meets format
and assignment
requirements;
margins,
spacing, and
indentations are
correct; essay
is neat and
correctly
13. assembled.
1.0 pts
Adequate
Meets format and
assignment
requirements;
generally correct
margins, spacing,
and indentations;
essay is neat but
may have some
assembly errors.
0.0 pts
Inadequate
Fails to follow
format and
assignment
requirements;
incorrect
margins,
spacing and
indentation;
neatness of
essay needs
attention.
0.0 pts
No
14. Marks
Exemplary
Proficient
Progressing
Emerging
Element (1): Responsiveness: Did the student respond to the
main question of the week?
9 points (28%)
Posts exceed requirements of the Discussion instructions (e.g.,
respond to the question being asked; go beyond what is required
[i.e., incorporates additional readings outside of the assigned
Learning Resources, and/or shares relevant professional
experiences]; are substantive, reflective, and refers to Learning
Resources demonstrating that the student has considered the
information in Learning Resources and colleague postings).
9 points
Posts are responsive to and meet the requirements of the
Discussion instructions. Posts respond to the question being
asked in a substantive, reflective way and refer to Learning
Resources demonstrating that the student has read, viewed, and
considered the Learning Resources and colleague postings.
7–8 points
Posts are somewhat responsive to the requirements of the
Discussion instructions. Posts are not substantive and rely more
on anecdotal evidence (i.e., largely comprised of student
opinion); and/or does not adequately demonstrate that the
student has read, viewed, and considered Learning Resources
and colleague postings.
4–6 points
15. Posts are unresponsive to the requirements of the Discussion
instructions; miss the point of the question by providing
responses that are not substantive and/or solely anecdotal (i.e.,
comprised of only student opinion); and do not demonstrate that
the student has read, viewed, and considered Learning
Resources and colleague postings.
0–3 points
Element (2): Critical Thinking, Analysis, and Synthesis: Is the
student able to make meaning of the information?
9 points (28%)
Posts demonstrate the student’s ability to apply, reflect, AND
synthesize concepts and issues presented in the weekly Learning
Objectives. Student has integrated and mastered the general
principles, ideas, and skills presented. Reflections include clear
and direct correlation to authentic examples or are drawn from
professional experience; insights demonstrate significant
changes in awareness, self-understanding, and knowledge.
9 points
Posts demonstrate the student’s ability to apply, reflect OR
synthesize concepts and issues presented in the weekly Learning
Objectives. The student has integrated many of the general
principles, ideas, and skills presented. Reflections include clear
and direct correlation to authentic examples or are drawn from
professional experience, share insights that demonstrate a
change in awareness, self- understanding, and knowledge.
7–8 points
Posts demonstrate minimal ability to apply, reflect, or
synthesize concepts and issues presented in the weekly Learning
Objectives. The student has not fully integrated the general
principles, ideas, and skills presented. There are little to no
salient reflections, examples, or insights/experiences provided.
4–6 points
16. Posts demonstrate a lack of ability to apply, reflect, or
synthesize concepts and issues presented in the weekly Learning
Objectives. The student has not integrated the general
principles, ideas, and skills presented. There are no reflections,
examples, or insights/experiences provided.
0–3 points
Element (3): Professionalism of Writing: Does the student meet
graduate level writing expectations?
5 points (16%)
Posts meet graduate-level writing expectations (e.g., are clear,
concise, and use appropriate language; make few errors in
spelling, grammar, and syntax; provide information about
sources when paraphrasing or referring to it; use a
preponderance of original language and directly quote only
when necessary or appropriate). Postings are courteous and
respectful when offering suggestions, constructive feedback, or
opposing viewpoints.
5 points
Posts meet most graduate-level writing expectations (e.g., are
clear; make only a few errors in spelling, grammar, and syntax;
provide adequate information about a source when paraphrasing
or referring to it; use original language wherever possible and
directly quote only when necessary and/or appropriate).
Postings are courteous and respectful when offering
suggestions, constructive feedback, or opposing viewpoints.
4 points
Posts partially meet graduate-level writing expectation (e.g.,
use language that is unclear/inappropriate; make more than
occasional errors in spelling, grammar, and syntax; provide
inadequate information about a source when paraphrasing or
referring to it; under-use original language and over-use direct
quotes). Postings are at times less than courteous and respectful
17. when offering suggestions, feedback, or opposing viewpoints.
2–3 points
Posts do not meet graduate-level writing expectations (e.g., use
unclear/inappropriate language; make many errors in spelling,
grammar, and syntax; do not provide information about a source
when paraphrasing or referring to it; directly quote from
original source materials or consistently paraphrase rather than
use original language; or are discourteous and disrespectful
when offering suggestions, feedback, or opposing viewpoints).
0–1 points
Element (4):
Responses to Peers: Did the student respond to peer posts and
contribute professionally?
9 points (28%)
Responds to two or more peers in a manner that significantly
contributes to the Discussion.
9 points
Responds to one or more peers in a manner that significantly
contributes to the Discussion.
7–8 points
Responds to one or more peers in a manner that minimally
contributes to the Discussion.
4–6 points
Does not respond to any peer posts.
0–3 points
32 points
100%
25–28 points
78–88%
14–21 points
19. education students, 74 academically gifted students, and 41
students with mild disabilities. Students with mild dis-
abilities were more likely to be perceived as being bullies
by both teachers and peers. Teachers also rated students
with mild disabilities significantly higher for being bullied
by peers. Academically gifted students were rated by
teachers as the lowest for both bullying and being bullied.
Associating with aggressive or perceived-popular peers
increased the likelihood of being perceived as a bully.
Social isolates were more likely to be bullied than students
who did not associate with perceived-popular peers who, in
turn, were more likely to be bullied than students who
associated with perceived-popular peers. Students with
mild disabilities who had aggressive and perceived-popular
associates had more peer nominations for bullying than
all others. In contrast, students in general education with
neither aggressive nor perceived-popular associates had the
fewest peer nominations for bullying. We discuss impli-
20. cations for research and intervention.
Keywords Bullying � Victimization � Mild disabilities �
Giftedness � Peer groups
Introduction
In recent years, several distinct lines of inquiry have helped
to inform current perspectives on bullying and aggression
in schools. This includes research on the social and
behavioral characteristics of youth who are at risk for
bullying and victimization (Hodges and Perry 1999;
Pellegrini et al. 1999; Schwartz 2000), developmental
patterns of victimization (Hanish and Guerra 2002;
Pellegrini and Bartini 2000; Smith et al. 2004; Troop-
Gordon and Ladd 2005), broader classroom social
dynamics and aggression in the peer group (Farmer et al.
2002; O’Connell et al. 1999; Salmivalli et al. 1997) and
linkages between bullying, victimization, and other school
adjustment factors (Glew et al. 2005; Schwartz et al.
2005). Collectively, these studies indicate that students
21. involved in bullying and victimization are more likely to
have academic and social adjustment problems, that social
roles and peer group processes support bullying, and that
the late elementary school years are a time when classroom
social dynamics may be particularly important to bullying
and victimization.
D. B. Estell (&)
Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology, Indiana
University, 201 N. Rose Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47401, USA
e-mail: [email protected]
T. W. Farmer
Department of Educational Psychology, School Psychology, and
Special Education, Pennsylvania State University, University
Park, PA, USA
M. J. Irvin � A. Crowther
Center for Developmental Science, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
P. Akos
Human Development and Psychological Studies Area, School of
Education, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
22. Hill, NC, USA
D. J. Boudah
Department of Curriculum and Instruction, Special Education,
East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
123
J Child Fam Stud (2009) 18:136–150
DOI 10.1007/s10826-008-9214-1
Most research on bullying and victimization focuses on
general school populations. Little work explicitly examines
the involvement of students with exceptionalities. In the
current climate of inclusion, students who receive excep-
tional children’s services tend to make up 10–20% or more
of the public school population and are integrated at least
part of the school day with their general education peers.
While it is likely that many studies on bullying include
students who receive exceptional services within their
samples, these children are typically not identified and it is
23. not possible to determine the degree to which they impact
results. This is potentially an important oversight because
students at the extremes of school functioning (students
with pronounced learning problems, and students achieving
at advanced levels) may have differential social experi-
ences that impact the degree to which they are involved
in bullying relative to their general education peers
(Kaukiainen et al. 2002; Peterson and Ray 2006). Peer
group affiliations are associated with students’ level of
involvement as bullies and victims (Estell et al. 2007;
Salmivalli et al. 1997), and students who are at the
extremes of school functioning tend to have peer affiliation
patterns that are distinct from those of general education
students (Farmer and Hollowell 1994; Pearl et al. 1998). It
is possible that exceptional students’ involvement in bul-
lying and victimization is related to their peer group
affiliations. Information along these lines could help clarify
how individual and peer group level factors come together
24. to impact bullying and victimization in the classroom.
Peer dynamics are important part of development. In
late elementary school, children form hierarchical social
structures in which some individuals and peer groups are
more popular and central than others (Adler and Adler
1996; Farmer and Rodkin 1996). Taunting, teasing, direct
confrontation, and physical attacks are forms of aggression
that children (particularly boys) use to demonstrate their
prowess and to establish and protect their positions in the
social structure (Adler and Adler 1996; Farmer 2000;
Pellegrini 1998; Rodkin and Hodges 2003). While physical
aggression is almost universally related to being disliked
(i.e., having low social preference; Asher and Coie 1990),
aggressive behavior has a close association with perceived
popularity (Rose et al. 2004), and social dominance—
while eventually adapting a more affiliative nature—often
begins with aggressive behavior (Pellegrini and Bartini
2000). Not only is aggression a common part of the daily
25. interpersonal dynamics in school, distinct subtypes of
aggressive youth can be differentiated in terms of popu-
larity (Estell et al. 2002; Estell et al. 2003; Rodkin et al.
2000). Popular aggressive youth are more likely to asso-
ciate with other popular and aggressive peers while
unpopular aggressive youth are more likely to associate
with non-aggressive and unpopular peers (Bagwell et al.
2000; Farmer et al. 2002). In short, while aggression and
dominance are often related to being disliked, they can lead
to high social status and perceived popularity (Estell et al.
2003).
Social dominance and influence in the social structure
also come into play in bullying. Although some bullies are
themselves aggressive victims, many others have high
social positions and are able to engage peers to support
their behavior (Atlas and Pepler 1998; Salmivalli et al.
1997). In fact, bullying episodes in elementary school tend
to involve several peers as onlookers, helpers, and
26. encouragers (O’Connell et al. 1999). Although some chil-
dren, usually girls, come to the aid of the victimized child,
many youth appear to respond in ways that are aimed at
protecting their status in the social structure including
currying favor with dominant bullies (Adler and Adler
1995; Hawkins and Pepler 2001).
A recent study of the social dynamics of bullying in two
middle schools comprised almost exclusively of rural
African American youth found that both bullies and vic-
tims tended to have rejected sociometric status. However,
while bullies were well integrated into their peer groups,
victims tended to be withdrawn and marginal in the social
structure (Estell et al. 2007). Bullies were heteroge-
neously dispersed in both popular and unpopular groups
and aggressive and non-aggressive groups and they were
highly likely to be leaders of their peer group. Of particular
interest to us, students who were bullies and/or victims
tended to have behaviors (i.e., higher teacher ratings of
27. attention problems and hyperactivity) and social skills (i.e.,
lower rates of peer nominations of prosocial behavior) that
are typically associated with students with mild
disabilities.
Exceptional students include such children with mild
disabilities as well as students who are identified as aca-
demically gifted, though it is important to note that in our
study both groups spend the majority of their school days
in general education classrooms. For our purposes, the term
students with mild disabilities refers to children with high
incidence disabilities (e.g., learning disabilities, mild
mental retardation, and mild emotional and behavioral
disorders), academically gifted refers to high achieving
children who have been identified for academically gifted
education programs, and general education students refers
to children who are not receiving special services to sup-
port their learning needs. Students with exceptionalities
tend to have patterns of social behavior, peer acceptance,
28. and peer affiliations that are distinct from their general
education peers. While both academically gifted students
and students with mild disabilities differ from general
education peers in terms of social functioning and social
adjustment, they are also markedly different from each
other.
J Child Fam Stud (2009) 18:136–150 137
123
Prior to diagnosis, students later identified as having
high incidence disabilities display social skill deficits and
have low social status (Vaughn et al. 1990; Walker et al.
1998). In preschool settings, students with mild develop-
mental delays are likely to have significant social
interaction problems (Guralnick and Groom 1987) and
these problems are likely to be sustained from the pre-
school to the early elementary school years (Guralnick
et al. 2006). In late childhood and early adolescence, stu-
29. dents with mild disabilities tend to have problem social
behaviors, social skills difficulties, and are often not well
accepted by their peers (Estell et al. 2008; Farmer et al.
1999; Frederickson and Furnham 2004; Gresham and
MacMillan 1997; Sale and Carey 1995). In turn, they are
also more likely to be socially isolated (Kavale and Forness
1996; Pearl et al. 1998) and to report less social acceptance
(Al-Yagon and Mikulincer 2004).
Although they are more likely to have social difficulties,
most students with mild disabilities are members of peer
groups (Farmer and Farmer 1996; Pearl et al. 1998).
However, the group membership of students with mild
disabilities may support social problems as they are more
likely to affiliate with classmates with problematic inter-
personal characteristics and less likely to associate with
peers with prosocial characteristics (Farmer and Hollowell
1994). Students with mild disabilities are also more likely
to develop social roles that support aggression or that
30. makes them the target of the aggressive behavior of others
(Evans and Eder 1993; Farmer and Farmer 1996; Farmer
and Rodkin 1996). In addition, students with mild dis-
abilities who associate with antisocial peers tend to hold
these peers in high esteem (Rodkin et al. 2006).
These social functioning challenges may place students
with mild disabilities at greater risk for involvement with
bullying as both targets and aggressors. Problems with
social functioning, including social information processing
difficulties, social skills deficits, and social isolation are all
risk factors for being victimized by peers (Fox and Boulton
2006). Likewise, elementary students who are chronically
victimized are more likely to experience academic prob-
lems and internalizing difficulties that may place them at-
risk of later learning and behavior problems (Hodges et al.
1999; Schwartz et al. 2005). In contrast, affiliations with
aggressive and deviant peers tend to be associated with a
greater likelihood of bullying others (Estell et al. 2007).
31. Collectively, these findings suggest that children with mild
disabilities may be more likely to be involved in bullying
as aggressors and/or targets than their typically achieving
peers. Consistent with this view, extant data suggest that
youth with mild disabilities are more likely to be victims
than are their typically-achieving counterparts and they
may be at increased risk of being bullies and bully-victims
(Kaukiainen et al. 2002; Nazuboka and Smith 1993).
Further, data from the National Longitudinal Study of
Adolescent Health, which included 1,301 adolescents with
learning disabilities from a sample of 20,780, indicate that
youth with learning disabilities were significantly more
likely than others to report involvement in violent behav-
iors (31% vs. 25% for boys; 20% vs. 11% for girls) and
were more likely to have witnessed or have been a victim
of a violent act (Svetaz et al. 2000).
In contrast to students with mild disabilities, children
who are identified as academically gifted tend to have
32. higher levels of social functioning than their general edu-
cation peers. Preuss and Dubow (2004) found that
academically gifted students were more likely to employ
active problem-solving approaches to social stressors, and
that being academically gifted moderated the impact of
stressors on adjustment. Academically gifted students are
rated by teachers as having highly positive levels of social
skills (Janke and Lee 1991) and during the elementary
school years they are likely to experience high levels of
social acceptance and low levels of peer rejection (Austin
and Draper 1981; Luftig and Nichols 1990; Schneider et al.
1989). Academically gifted students are also more likely to
have prosocial or popular friends than their non-gifted
peers and less likely to be socially isolated (Farmer and
Rodkin 1996; Pearl et al. 1998; Schneider and Daniels
1992). On the whole, while they may face considerable
stress due to their own high expectations (Moon 2004),
gifted children are largely socially skilled, use effective
33. social coping mechanisms, are socially integrated with
prosocial peers, and are well adjusted. These factors tend to
be negatively related to victimization, and may also make
involvement with deviant peers and a subsequent increase
in bullying behavior less likely.
In summary, research on peer group dynamics and the
social relations of exceptional students comes together to
suggest that students with mild disabilities may be more
likely to be bullies and victims and they may have social
characteristics and peer affiliation patterns that exacerbate
their risk for involvement in bullying. In contrast, aca-
demically gifted students may have social characteristics
and affiliation patterns that protect against bullying and
victimization. Little work, however, has examined the
relationship between educational status (i.e., academically
gifted, general education, mild disabilities) and involve-
ment in bullying, and less has looked at how this may
interact with associations with aggressive and/or popular
34. peers. Information along these lines may help clarify peer
group dynamics that contribute to bullying and victimiza-
tion in the classroom. Toward this end, we sought to
examine differences among academically gifted students,
students with mild disabilities, and general education stu-
dents on ratings of victimization and bullying in relation to
their peer associations.
138 J Child Fam Stud (2009) 18:136–150
123
Four research questions guided our work. Our first
research question focused on the relationship between peer
nominated social characteristics and involvement in bul-
lying. Are teachers’ and peers’ perceptions of bullying and
victimization related to peer nominations on key social
factors (i.e., aggression, positive behavior, internalizing,
social prominence, social preference)? We hypothesized
that peer nominations of aggression would be positively
35. related, and social preference negatively related to both
teacher ratings and peer nominations of bullying. We fur-
ther hypothesized that victimization would be negatively
related to peer nominated popularity and social preference,
and positively related to internalizing. Our second research
question examined whether peers perceived classmates
differently as a function of their education status. Do
academically gifted students, general education students,
and students with mild disabilities differ in the nominations
they receive from peers? We hypothesized that gifted stu-
dents would be viewed as popular, well-liked, having
positive behavior, and neither aggressive nor high on
internalizing, while students with special needs would be
viewed by peers as aggressive, high on internalizing, and
low on social preference, popularity, and positive behavior.
Our third research question investigated the relationship
between education status and associations with teacher-
rated aggressive and popular peers. Is education status
36. differentially linked to peer group membership? We
hypothesized that gifted students would be least likely and
students with special needs the most likely to have
aggressive friends. We also hypothesized that gifted stu-
dents would be most likely and students with special needs
least likely to have popular friends. Our fourth research
question explored the combined effect of education status
and group types on involvement in bullying. Is bullying
and victimization for students in different education status
categories moderated by membership in aggressive and
popular peer groups? We hypothesized that students with
special needs who have aggressive but not popular asso-
ciates would have the highest levels of bullying, and gifted
students with popular but not aggressive associates would
have the lowest levels of bullying. We further hypothesized
that students with special needs and neither aggressive nor
popular associates would have the highest victimization
ratings while gifted students with popular and non-
37. aggressive associates would have the lowest levels of
victimization.
Method
We employed a multi-source survey design that included
teacher- and peer-report measures as well as school record
information. This included peer reports to identify groups
and to examine how bullying and education status relate to
a variety of other behaviors. We relied on teacher reports to
classify the participants’ associates, and used both peer and
teacher reports to examine involvement in bullying.
Finally, we used school record information to determine
the education status of the participants.
Participants
Participants came from eleven elementary schools in two
school districts. Both districts were located in a state in the
Southeastern United States. One district served a small
metropolitan area and the other served a rural county. We
obtained parent consent and student assent for 69% of the
38. 701 students from 35 classrooms across the schools. Class
size ranged from 18 to 27, with an average of 20 students
per classroom. An average of nearly 14 of these 20 students
participated in the present study. The sample consisted of
484 fifth graders (258 girls, 226 boys), including 369
(76.2%; 196 girls and 173 boys) general education stu-
dents, 74 (15.3%; 50 girls and 24 boys) academically gifted
students, and 41 (8.5%; 12 girls and 29 boys) students with
high incidence disabilities (e.g., learning disabilities, mild
mental retardation, emotional and behavioral disorders; see
Table 1). While 10–20% of students typically qualify as
having special needs, we examined only those students
with special needs who spent the majority of their day in
Table 1 Sample characteristics
by education classification and
gender
Girls Boys Total
Not in special education 196 (53.1%) 173 (46.9%) 369 (76.2%)
39. Academic gift 51 (68.0%) 24 (32.0%) 75 (15.5%)
Learning disability 3 (20.0%) 12 (80.0%) 15 (3.1%)
Emotional handicap/emotional behavior disability 1 (20.0%) 4
(80.0%) 5 (1.0%)
Mild mental retardation 2 (33.3%) 4 (66.7%) 6 (1.2%)
Speech impairment 2 (33.3%) 4 (66.7%) 6 (1.2%)
Other health impairment 0 (0.0%) 4 (100.0%) 4 (0.8%)
Unspecified special need 1 (100.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (0.2%)
504 plan 2 (66.7%) 1 (33.3%) 3 (0.6%)
J Child Fam Stud (2009) 18:136–150 139
123
general education classrooms. This reduced the number of
children with special needs in the sample to the previously
mentioned 8.5%. These percentages reflect the distribution
of these populations within the school districts where this
research was conducted and were also consistent with state
level rates of having mild special needs and giftedness.
All students who were in the top 15% of their class in
40. achievement were considered academically gifted by the
schools. Students in the mild disability sample were iden-
tified by local school assessment procedures that reflected
federal definitions and guidelines for learning disabled,
behavioral disordered, health disability, noncategorical
disability, mild mental retardation, and speech disability.
The different definitions are not provided because all stu-
dents with disabilities were collapsed into a single category
(mild disabilities). We did this for three reasons. First,
preliminary analyses indicated a high level of similarity
between the different special education classifications for
teacher-, peer-, and self-assessed characteristics. However,
variability in the sample sizes for different categories,
together with the very small sample size of some catego-
ries, could have led us to misinterpret the results.
Collapsing students into a single mild disabilities category
protected against inaccurate comparisons across disability
areas.
41. Second, during the current climate of serving and
identifying special education students based on service
needs (e.g., mild and moderate need, high incidence ser-
vice needs) rather than categorical approaches, there is
considerable variability across states in terms of how
categorical classifications are operationalized. By focusing
on students with mild disabilities who were included in
general education classrooms for most of the school day,
we avoid the issue of variability in categorical classifi-
cations. Third, our aim was not to identify characteristics
associated with specific disabilities. Rather, our goal was
to explore the relationship between bullying involvement
and students with disabilities in general. Further, this
approach has been used in other studies of the peer
relations of students with disabilities in general education
classrooms (e.g., Farmer et al. 1999; Sale and Carey
1995; Rodkin et al. 2006).
Because we focused on the social relations of students
42. with disabilities in inclusive settings, we recruited only
those students who spent more than 50% of the school day
in general education classrooms to participate. Therefore,
all participants, regardless of education status, were
included in general education classrooms for all or most of
the school day, and all classroom assessments refer to
inclusive rooms. Fifty-five percent (267/483) of our par-
ticipants were Caucasian, 41% (198/483) were African
American, 1% (3/483) were Latino(a), and 3% (15/483)
were of another ethnicity.
Ethnicity and special education status were related
(v(6,n=483)
2 = 17.74, p .01). Among Caucasians, 70.4%
(188/267) were in general education, 8.2% (22/267) had
special needs, and 21.3% (57/267) were academically gif-
ted. Eighty-three percent (165/198) African Americans
were in general education, 8.6% (17/198) had special
needs, and 8.1% (16/198) were academically gifted. All
43. three Latino/a students were in general education. Finally,
80.0% (12/15) of individuals from other ethnicities were in
general education, 13.3% (2/15) had special needs, and
6.7% (1/15) were academically gifted.
Procedures
We used group administration procedures when collecting
the survey data. Before the administration of the survey, we
assured participants their answers would be kept confi-
dential, asked them to protect the confidentiality of their
responses, and told them that they could stop participating
at any time. We consulted teachers prior to administration
about typical accommodations needed by students for
exams, and made parallel accommodations where needed.
During the survey, one administrator read the instructions
and questions aloud, while additional administrators pro-
vided mobile monitoring and assistance as needed.
Teachers also completed rating forms on each participant
during the group administration. Non-participants were
44. told by their teachers to work on class assignments during
the data collection.
For all peer nomination measures, the probe focused on
the classroom level (i.e., participants were told that they
could only nominate peers in their classroom). We did this
because the sample was in elementary school and there was
minimal interaction among students in different classes. All
peer nominations were made from free recall (i.e., we did
not provide class rosters).
Measures
Social Cognitive Maps (SCM)
For this measure, participants were asked ‘‘Are there some
kids in your class who hang around together a lot? Who are
they?’’ Following the procedures developed by Cairns and
colleagues (e.g., Cairns et al. 1985), participants were
instructed to list, from free recall, as many groups as they
could think of in their class. In addition, they were asked to
circle the individual or individuals who were the leaders of
45. each group, if the group had a leader.
To identify distinct groups within the classroom social
network, we analyzed the SCM data following the proce-
dures outlined by Cairns and colleagues (Cairns and Cairns
1994; Cairns et al. 1995a). SCM procedures have been
140 J Child Fam Stud (2009) 18:136–150
123
used extensively in research on school social networks in a
variety of populations including a mixed-race urban and
rural sample (Cairns et al. 1988), a mixed-race suburban
sample (Rodkin et al. 2000), inner-city African Americans
(Estell et al. 2002; Xie et al. 1999), Chinese students
(Leung 1996), and students with special needs (Farmer and
Hollowell, 1994). Three week test-retest reliability coeffi-
cients indicate high short-term stability of children’s peer
groups (i.e., 90% of groups maintain a majority of their
members over this period; Cairns et al. 1995a). Further, the
46. results of SCM analyses match observed affiliations
(Cairns and Cairns 1994; Cairns et al. 1985).
We identified a total of 45 primarily-male groups with a
range of 2–9 members, and 29 male isolates. The mean
group size for boys was 6.26. A total of 61 female groups
were identified with a range of 2–9 members, and there
were 14 female isolates. The mean group size for girls was
5.23. These means and ranges are consistent with those of
other studies of late elementary and middle school peer
groups (Bagwell et al. 2000; Cairns et al. 1988; Farmer
and Hollowell 1994; Xie et al. 1999).
Teacher Ratings of Social Adaptation
Teachers rated participants on a number of items relating to
social adaptation. These items were displayed in Likert-
type seven-point formats. The present study utilized three
of these items: ‘‘bullied by peers,’’ ‘‘bullies peers,’’
‘‘manipulates friendships.’’ The two items relating to bul-
lying (as aggressor or target) were used as dependent
47. variables, and the ‘‘manipulates friendships’’ was included
in the ICS-T factor analysis (described below) as a measure
of relational aggression.
ICS-T
Teachers rated participants on the Interpersonal Compe-
tence Scale—Teacher (ICS-T; Cairns et al. 1995b), an 18-
item instrument which asks teachers to rate children on a
variety of characteristics relating to aggressiveness, popu-
larity, and academic competence. The items are displayed
in Likert-type, seven-point scales. These scales are
anchored by frequency (i.e., often vs. never fights, argues,
etc.) or degree (very popular vs. not popular; has lots of
friends vs. has very few friends). These 18 items load onto
six sub-scales, though for the present study, only an
aggression factor (‘‘argues,’’ ‘‘gets in trouble,’’ and
‘‘fights’’ from the ICS-T, with ‘‘manipulates friendships’’
from the teacher ratings described above added; a = .84)
and the popularity factor (‘‘popular with boys,’’ ‘‘popular
with girls,’’ ‘‘has lots of friends,’’ a = .81) were examined.
48. Past research has shown that 3-week test-retest reliability
coefficients are moderately high (i.e., .80–.92), median
test-retest r across the factors are .81 for girls and .87 for
boys, and 1-year coefficients are moderately strong (i.e.,
.40–.50; Cairns et al. 1995b). ICS-T has been shown to
have convergent validity with direct observations, grades,
school discipline reports, and peer nominations, and pre-
dictive validity for early school dropout, teen parenthood,
and criminal arrest in early adulthood, (Cairns and Cairns
1994; Cairns et al. 1995b). This measure has also been
used extensively in past work on issues pertaining to
popularity and aggression (Cairns et al. 1988; Estell et al.
2002, 2007; Farmer and Rodkin 1996; Rodkin et al. 2000).
Peer Social Preference
Participants were asked to nominate up to three classmates
from a list of participants they liked the most and up to
three they liked the least, and social preference was cal-
culated following the criteria described in Asher and Coie
49. (1990). Specifically, each participant’s number of nomi-
nations for being most liked and least liked were
standardized within class, and social preference score was
calculated by subtracting their liked-least z-score from
their liked-most z-score.
Peer Interpersonal Assessments
We used peer interpersonal assessments to determine
classmates’ perceptions of peers’ social and behavioral
characteristics. Students were asked to nominate, from free
recall, up to three classmates who best fit descriptors for
several items. They were told during the testing procedures
that they could nominate the same person for more than
one item, they did not need to fill all three blanks if they
did not know three people who fit an item, they could
bypass an item if they felt that they did not know anyone at
all who fit that particular item, and that they could nomi-
nate themselves. For analyses using these items, however,
all self-nominations were removed from consideration,
50. making these peer-nominations exclusively.
Past studies using these measures have indicated 3-week
test-retest reliability with individual items ranged from .72
to .93. These items are identical with or similar to peer
assessments used by other investigators (e.g., Coie et al.
1982; Masten et al. 1985), and past work has found strong
evidence of reliability and validity in diverse samples (Coie
et al. 1982; Masten et al.1985). We divided the total num-
ber of nominations participants received for each peer
assessment item by the total number of possible nominators
(i.e., all participants in the class). Because the denominator
was the total number of participants in each class, the
resulting proportions were in many cases quite small. In
order to make mean differences clearer, we linearly trans-
formed these proportions by multiplying them by 1,000.
J Child Fam Stud (2009) 18:136–150 141
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51. We ran a principal components analysis with a Varimax
rotation on 12 items (‘‘bully’’ and ‘‘picked on’’ were
excluded from the factor analysis and instead used as
dependent variables). Four factors had eigenvalues in excess
of 1.0, and a scree plot indicated that a four-factor solution
provided the best fit to the data, as there was a major change
in slope between the fourth and fifth factors. This four-
component solution accounted for 75.6% of the variance in
the items. As seen in the rotated loading matrix in Table 2,
all items loaded on their corresponding component in excess
of .74, and no item cross-loaded on another component
greater than .31. The resulting factors were aggression
(Cronbach’s a = .87; consists of ‘‘disruptive,’’ ‘‘starts
fights,’’ ‘‘gets in trouble,’’ and ‘‘starts rumors’’), positive
behavior (a = .85; consists of ‘‘cooperative,’’ ‘‘good stu-
dent,’’ and ‘‘friendly’’), social promience (a = .76; consists
of ‘‘athletic,’’ ‘‘cool,’’ and ‘‘popular’’), and internalizing
(a = .66; consists of ‘‘acts shy’’ and ‘‘sad’’).
Peer-group Types
We classified the peer groups identified by the SCM
52. analysis according to the aggression and popularity level of
their constituent members. Consistent with past work
examining peer-group characteristics (Farmer et al. 2002),
we calculated within-sex and -class z-scores for the ICS-T
aggression and popularity factors. We classified a partici-
pant as popular or aggressive if their z-score was greater
than or equal to ?.50. This resulted in 32.2% (146/454) of
participants being identified as popular and 31.0% (140/
452) as aggressive.
Peer-group types were a function of the proportion and
number of aggressive and popular members in the group.
For the example of aggression, we classified a participant
as having aggressive associates if at least 50% of their
SCM-derived peer group members were classified as
aggressive or, in larger groups, if they had at least three
aggressive associates. We used identical criteria to classify
groups by the proportion and/or number of popular
members.
53. Results
We present out results in four major sections, corre-
sponding to our four research questions. The first section
uses correlation analyses to examine how peer-nominated
interpersonal characteristics relate to bullying and victim-
ization. The second section uses ANOVAs to examine the
relationship between educational status and peer-nomi-
nated characteristics. The third section uses v2 analyses to
investigate the relationship between education status and
aggressive and popular groups. The fourth and final section
employs MANOVAs with follow-up ANOVAs and Tu-
key’s tests to explore the combined effect of education
status and group types on bullying and victimization.
Peer Behavioral Nominations and Bullying and
Victimization
We calculated correlations within classrooms and then
combined them for the following analyses. Due to the
number of correlations run, we only considered those sig-
54. nificant at less than the .0025 level (.05/20) as significant.
Teacher ratings of ‘‘bullies’’ were positively related to peer
nominated aggression (r(454) = .50, p .001) and promi-
nence (r(454) = .21, p .001) factors, negatively related to
the peer nominated positive behavior factor (r(454) = -.17,
p .001) and social preference (r(451) = -.28, p .001),
and unrelated to the peer nominated internalizing factor
(r(454) = -.01, p = .86). Peer nominations for ‘‘bully’’
were positively related to the peer aggression factor
(r(480) = .89, p .001) and the prominence factor
(r(480) = .40, p .001), negatively related to social pref-
erence (r(477) = -.24, p .001), and unrelated to the peer
positive behavior (r(480) = -.08, p = .08) and internaliz-
ing (r(480) = .08, p = .10) factors.
Teacher ratings of ‘‘bullied’’ were negatively related to
social preference (r(452) = -.17, p .001), but unrelated
to aggression (r(455) = .06, p = .19), internalizing
(r(455) = .28, p = .05), positive behavior (r(455) = -.13,
p = .01), or prominence (r(455) = -.11, p = .05). Peer
nominations of ‘‘picked on’’ were positively related to
aggression (r(480) = .29, p .001) and internalizing
Table 2 Peer nomination loadings for varimax-rotated
56. Popular .02 .31 .78 -.06
Acts shy -.07 .21 .02 .84
Sad .08 .01 -.07 .86
Note: all loadings in excess of .4 are bolded
142 J Child Fam Stud (2009) 18:136–150
123
(r(480) = .81, p .001), negatively related to social pref-
erence (r(477) = -.37, p .001), and unrelated to positive
behavior (r(480) = .04, p = .44) or prominence (r(480) =
-.03, p = .55).
These results indicate that both teachers and students
viewed bullying as related to aggression and social prom-
inence, but also associated with being disliked (i.e., low
social preference). Teachers also saw bullying as related to
low levels of prosocial behaviors. Both students and
teachers viewed being the target of bullying as related to
being disliked, and students further saw it as related to
being aggressive and high in internalizing behavior.
57. Education Status and Peer Behavioral Nominations
Table 3 shows the means and standard deviations of the
peer-nomination factors and social preference by educa-
tional classification. Education status was not related to
either the social prominence (F(2,477) = 1.04, p = .35;
gp
2 = .004) or aggression (F(2,477) = 0.79, p = .45;
gp
2 = .003) factors. It was related to peer-nominated pro-
social behavior (F(2,477) = 7.13, p .001; gp
2 = .029),
internalizing (F(2,477) = 8.43, p .001; gp
2 = .034), and
social preference (F(2,474) = 4.61, p .01; gp
2 = .019).
Post-hoc Tukey’s tests indicated that academically gifted
students had more positive behavior nominations than
general education students or students with mild disabili-
ties. Students with mild disabilities had higher internalizing
nominations than general education or academically gifted
58. students. Finally, academically gifted students had signifi-
cantly higher social preference scores than students with
mild disabilities.
Education Status, Behavioral Classification, and Peer
Associates
Education status was not significantly related to the tea-
cher-rated aggressive classification (v(2,n=452)
2 = 4.51,
p = .11). For students in general education, 32.7% (111/
339) were rated by teachers as aggressive. This compared
to 35.0% (14/40) of students with mild disabilities and
20.5% (15/73) of academically gifted students. Education
status was also not related to teacher-rated popularity status
(v(2,n=454)
2 = 4.00, p = .14). Among children in general
education, 30.6% (104/340) were classified as popular, as
were 27.5% (11/40) of those with mild disabilities and
41.8% (31/74) of academically gifted participants.
Our analyses for peer associations suggested that there
59. were differences in peer group affiliations as a function of
education status. The effect for aggressive associates was
not significant (v(2,n=465)
2 = 5.30, p = .07). The differences
for education status were pronounced for popular associ-
ates (v(2,n=465)
2 = 39.37, p .001). A lower proportion (57/
350, or 16.3%) of participants in general education had
popular associates than expected by chance (Fisher’s Exact
Probability .001), and a higher proportion (36/74, or
48.6%) of academically gifted students had popular asso-
ciates (Fisher’s Exact Probability .001). The proportion
of students with mild disabilities (6/41, or 14.6%) was not
significantly different from chance (Fisher’s Exact
Probability = .19).
These results show that students in general education,
those who are gifted, and those who have mild disabilities
were all equally likely to be considered aggressive or
popular, and are equally likely to have aggressive associ-
ates. Gifted students were, however, more likely to have
60. popular associates.
Bullying and Victimization by Education Status and
Group Types
Bullying by Education Status and Group Types
To examine the potential interaction of groups and edu-
cation classifications on bullying, we ran a MANOVA with
education classification, popular associates, and aggressive
associates as independent variables and peer-nominations
and teacher-ratings of being a bully as the dependent
variables. The MANOVA indicated that there were main
effects of education status (Wilks’ K = 0.93,
Table 3 Peer-nominated characteristics by education status
Variable Education status
General education Mild disabilities Academically gifted
M SD M SD M SD
Social prominence 82.06 94.43 89.45 143.21 100.00 92.77
Aggression 56.73 102.65 76.34 137.69 51.27 85.08
Positive behavior 92.75A 107.29 70.39A 96.28 141.07B 136.23
61. Internalizing 52.64A 73.32 96.87B 121.03 34.89A 62.22
Social preference 0.11AB 1.45 -0.31A 1.61 0.56B 1.69
Different superscripts indicate significant differences (p .01)
J Child Fam Stud (2009) 18:136–150 143
123
F(4,884) = 8.55, p .001; gp
2 = .053), aggressive-associ-
ates (Wilks’ K = 0.93, F(2,442) = 16.93, p .001;
gp
2 = .071), popular-associates (Wilks’ K = 0.96,
F(2,442) = 9.57, p .001; gp
2 = .041), education status by
aggressive associates (Wilks’ K = 0.95, F(4,884) = 5.57,
p .001; gp
2 = .048), education status by popular associ-
ates (Wilks’ K = 0.94, F(4,884) = 6.42, p .001;
gp
2 = .043), and the three-way interaction of education
status by aggressive associates by popular associates
(Wilks’ K = 0.94, F(2,442) = 14.59, p .001; gp
62. 2 = .062).
To probe these multivariate effects, we ran follow-up
ANOVAs for each dependent. For teacher ratings of
‘‘bullies’’ we found main effects for education status
(F(2,443) = 4.79, p .01; gp
2 = .021), and aggressive
associates (F(1,443) = 9.05, p .01; gp
2 = .020), but no
main effect of popular associates (F(1,443) = 1.49, p = .22;
gp
2 = .003), and no two-way interactive effects of educa-
tion status by either aggressive associates (F(2,443) = 0.12,
p = .88; gp
2 = .001) or popular associates (F(2,443) = 3.01,
p = .05; gp
2 = .013), and no three-way interaction of edu-
cation status by aggressive group by popularity group
(F(1,443) = 0.35, p = .55; gp
2 = .001).
Post-hoc tests indicated that the main effect of education
status was due to students with mild disabilities (M = 4.16,
63. SE = 0.54) having significantly higher teacher ratings of
being bullies than those in general education (M = 3.15,
SE = 0.17) who in turn had higher ratings of being bullies
than academically gifted students (M = 2.14, SE = 0.26).
The main effect of aggressive associates was due to those
with aggressive associates (M = 4.21, SE = 0.43) having
higher ratings for being bullies than those without
aggressive associates (M = 2.43, SE = 0.17).
In summary, teacher ratings of bullying were highest
among students with mild disabilities and lowest among
gifted students. Further, all students with aggressive asso-
ciates had higher teacher ratings of bullying.
For peer-nominations of ‘‘bully’’ there were main effects
for education status (F(1,443) = 11.59, p .001; gp
2 = .050),
aggressive associates (F(1,443) = 33.53, p .001; gp
2 =.
070), and popular associates (F(1,443) = 18.74, p .001;
gp
2 = .041). There were also two-way interactions of edu-
64. cation status by aggressive associates (F(2,443) = 8.96,
p .001; gp
2 = .039) and popular associates (F(2,443) =
9.48, p .001; gp
2 = .041). Finally, the three-way interac-
tion of education status by aggressive group by popularity
group was significant (F(1,443) = 21.42, p .001; gp
2 =
.046).
Post-hoc tests indicated that the main effect of education
status was due to individuals with mild disabilities
(M = 200.97, SE = 29.51) having more peer nominations
for bullying than students in general education
(M = 56.64, SE = 9.25) or academically gifted students
(M = 50.89, SE = 14.17). The main effect of aggressive
associates was due to those with aggressive associates
(M = 190.19, SE = 23.65) having more nominations for
bullying than those without aggressive associates
(M = 38.69, SE = 9.33). Similarly, the main effect of
65. popular associates was due to those with popular associates
(M = 162.74, SE = 22.89) having more nominations for
bullying than those without popular associates (M = 61.57,
SE = 10.56).
Figures 1 and 2 show the two-way interactions of edu-
cation status by aggressive associates and education status
by popular associates, respectively. Post-hoc tests indicate
that students with mild disabilities and aggressive associ-
ates had more peer nominations of being bullies than all
other cells. Individuals in general education and aggressive
associates had significantly more peer nominations for
being bullies than all those without aggressive associates.
Finally, academically gifted students with aggressive
associates had more peer nominations for bullying than
academically gifted students and general education stu-
dents without aggressive associates.
Post-hoc tests for the education status by popular asso-
ciates interaction indicated that students with mild
66. disabilities and popular associates had more peer nomina-
tions for being bullies than all others. Students with mild
disabilities without popular associates had significantly
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Agg. Assoc. Not Agg. Assoc.
P
ee
r
"B
ul
ly
"
N
67. om
in
at
io
ns General Education Students
Students With Mild Disabilities
Academically Gifted StudentsD
C BC
ABA A
Fig. 1 Peer nominations of
‘‘bully’’ by education status and
aggressive affiliations
144 J Child Fam Stud (2009) 18:136–150
123
more peer nominations for being bullies than those in
general education with popular associates and academi-
cally gifted students with popular associates.
Figure 3 shows the three-way interaction of education
status by aggressive associates by popular associates. Post-
68. hoc tests indicated that individuals with mild disabilities
who had aggressive and popular associates had more peer
nominations for bullying than all others. On the other end
of the spectrum, individuals in general education with
neither aggressive nor popular associates had the lowest
number of nominations. These individuals significantly
differed from all participants with aggressive associates as
well as students with mild disabilities with neither
aggressive nor popular associates.
In summary, peer nominations for bullying were highest
among students with mild disabilities, students with
aggressive associates, and students with popular associates.
But these relationships were more complicated. While
having aggressive associates was related to higher nomi-
nations for bullying for all groups, the effect was especially
evident among students with mild disabilities, and much
less marked in gifted students. A more pronounced dif-
ference occured with popular associates. While having
69. popular associates was related to higher nominations for
bullying in students with mild disabilities, popular
associations related to fewer nominations for bullying in
gifted and general education students. Finally, these vary-
ing types of associations exacerbated each others’ effects:
students with mild disabilities who belonged to groups of
both aggressive and popular peers had extremely high
numbers of peer nominations for bullying.
Victimization by Education Status and Group Types
We ran parallel analyses to those for bullying for victim-
ization, with the inclusion of isolates as a third group type.
We ran a MANOVA with education classification, popular
associates, and aggressive associates as independent vari-
ables and peer-nominations of being picked on and teacher-
ratings of being bullied as the dependent variables. This
MANOVA indicated that there was a main effect of edu-
cation status (Wilks’ K = 0.95, F(4,886) = 5.92, p .001;
gp
2 = .037), aggressive associates (Wilks’ K = 0.97,
70. F(2,443) = 4.66, p .01; gp
2 = .020) and popular associates
(Wilks’ K = 0.96, F(2,443) = 4.68, p .01; gp
2 = .021).
There were no interactive effects for education status by
either aggressive associates (Wilks’ K = 1.00, F(4,880) =
0.59, p = .67; gp
2 = .005) or popular associates (Wilks’
K = 0.98, F(4,880) = 0.31, p = .87; gp
2 = .002), and no
significant three-way interaction of education status by
0
Pop. Assoc.
P
ee
r
"B
ul
ly
"
N
om
in
72. popular affiliations
Not Agg. & Pop Assoc. Not Agg. & Not Pop Assoc.
General Education Students
Students With Mild Disabilities
Academically Gifted Students
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Agg. & Pop. Assoc. Agg. & Not Pop. Assoc.
P
ee
r
"B
ul
74. K = 1.00, F(2,440) = 0.89, p = .41; gp
2 = .004).
We probed these effects with follow-up ANOVAs for
each dependent variable. For teacher ratings of ‘‘bullied’’
there was a main effect of education status (F(2,441) = 7.62,
p .001; gp
2 = .033), aggressive associates (F(1,441) =
4.09, p .05; gp
2 = .019), and popular associates
(F(1,441) = 5.55, p .01; gp
2 = .022). There were no
interactive effects for education status by either aggressive
associates (F(2,441) = 1.04, p = .35; gp
2 = .005) or popular
associates (F(2,441) = 0.45, p = .64; gp
2 = .002), and no
significant three-way interaction of education status by
aggressive associates by popular associates (F(1,441) =
1.78, p = .18; gp
2 = .004). Post-hoc tests indicated that the
main effect of education status was due to significant dif-
75. ferences among all three groups of students: those with
mild disabilities (M = 3.10, SE = 0.29) had the highest
ratings for being bullied, followed by those in general
education (M = 2.44 SE = 0.08), while academically gif-
ted participants were the lowest (M = 1.34, SE = 0.07).
The main effect of aggressive associates was due to isolates
(M = 3.37, SE = 0.32) having higher ratings of being
bullied than participants with (M = 2.47, SE = 0.14) or
without (M = 2.15, SE = 0.08) aggressive associates.
Finally, the main effect of popular associates was due to
isolates (M = 3.37, SE = 0.32) having higher ratings of
being bullied than those without popular associates
(M = 2.35, SE = 0.08) and those with popular associates
(M = 1.77, SE = 0.12). Students without popular associ-
ates had significantly higher ratings of being bullied than
those with popular associates.
In summary, teachers rated students with mild disabili-
ties as highest in being bullied, and gifted students lowest.
76. Further, while isolates had high ratings for being bullied,
those with popular associates had very low ratings for
being bullied.
For peer nominations of ‘‘picked on’’ there were sig-
nificant main effects of aggressive associates (F(1,441) =
5.33, p .01; gp
2 = .023), and popular associates
(F(1,441) = 5.47, p .01; gp
2 = .022). The main effects of
education status (F(2,441) = 2.17, p = .12; gp
2 = .010) was
non-significant. The interactions of education status by
aggressive associates (F(2,441 = 0.22, p = .80; gp
2 = .001),
education status by popular associates (F(2,441 = 0.17,
p = .84; gp
2 = .001), and education status by aggressive
associates by popular associates (F(1,441 = 0.04, p = .84;
gp
2 = .000) were also all non-significant. Post-hoc tests
indicated that the main effect of aggressive associates was
77. due to isolates (M = 181.04, SE = 41.59) having higher
numbers of nominations for being picked on than those
with (M = 75.92, SE = 12.91) or without (M = 59.68,
SE = 6.87) aggressive associates. Similarly, the main
effect of popular associates was due to isolates
(M = 181.04, SE = 41.59) having higher numbers of
nominations for being picked on than those with
(M = 47.41, SE = 9.67) or without (M = 67.99,
SE = 7.34) popular associates. In short, isolates had high
numbers of peer nominations for being bullied.
Discussion
The social dynamics of bullying and victimization involves
the interplay between the interpersonal characteristics of
individual students and the characteristics of the peer
groups in which they are embedded (Rodkin and Hodges
2003; Salmivalli et al. 1997). Consistent with prior
research with late elementary students (e.g., Adler and
Adler 1995; Hodges and Perry 1999; Pellegrini et al.
78. 1999), our results indicate that bullying was positively
associated with peer nominated aggression and—more
modestly—social prominence, and negatively related to
peer social preference and peer nominations of positive
behavior. Victimization was positively related to peer
nominations for internalizing and modestly related to
aggressive behavior (positively) and social preference
(negatively). Further, while the effect sizes were small,
students who associated with aggressive peers and students
who associated with popular peers were more likely to be
identified as bullies. Students who were isolated were more
likely to be bullied than students were in non-popular
groups, who, in turn, were more likely to be bullied than
peers who were in popular groups.
Our findings help extend current viewpoints by showing
that academically gifted students, general education stu-
dents, and students with mild disabilities are differentially
involved in bullying. Further, such involvement is moder-
79. ated in part by their peer group membership. In our sample
of 5th graders, students with mild disabilities were more
likely to be viewed by peers as being bullies than
were academically gifted and general education students.
Teachers also perceived students with mild disabilities as
being more likely to be bullies and victims of bullying than
were general education students. General education stu-
dents were, in turn, more likely to be rated by teachers as
bullies and as being bullied than were academically gifted
students. In addition, students with mild disabilities who
associated with aggressive and popular peers were more
likely to be bullies than all other students. In contrast,
general education students who were not in popular or
aggressive groups were least likely to be nominated by
peers as bullies.
The importance of our findings comes into focus when
considered in light of ethnographic research on social
dynamics and survey research on social networks and
80. bullying participant roles. Ethnographic studies (e.g., Adler
146 J Child Fam Stud (2009) 18:136–150
123
and Adler 1995; Evans and Eder 1993) describe early
adolescent social dynamics as being a process where stu-
dents are constantly vying for social positions and for
social identities that protect against being victimized and
excluded by others. In such a context, students who are
social isolates are particularly vulnerable to being targeted
by bullies. Students who are themselves socially vulnerable
(e.g., students with mild disabilities) are likely to seek out
the approval of popular peers and to bully others as a way
to promote their own social positions. Further, by targeting
peers who are vulnerable, bullies appear to use aggressive
strategies as a way to consolidate the support of others in
their peer group (Salmivalli et al. 1997). In contrast, stu-
dents in middle-level peer groups (e.g., groups that are not
81. prominent or peripheral in the social structure) are more
focused on school activities than their social prominence
and are less likely to be involved in bullying (Adler and
Adler 1996).
When examined from this backdrop, our results have
important implications for understanding bullying and
victimization in late elementary classrooms. As students
jockey for position in their classroom social network, they
may seek to reduce their own social vulnerability by bul-
lying others and by associating with popular and aggressive
peers. Because they are socially vulnerable (Frederickson
and Furnham 2004; Gresham and MacMillan 1997; Sale
and Carey 1995), students with mild disabilities may be
susceptible to being bullied and may compensate by bul-
lying others and by affiliating with peers who support this
behavior. On the other hand, academically gifted students
tend to be fairly well accepted in late elementary school
(Austin and Draper 1981; Schneider et al. 1989) and may
82. focus more on academics than social prominence. There-
fore, while they tend to be socially prominent and associate
with peers who teachers view as being popular, academi-
cally gifted students do not appear to be vulnerable to being
bullied and seem to be relatively less likely to be involved
in bullying. Nonetheless, our findings suggest that general
education students who are not in popular or aggressive
groups—i.e., those who are not supported in aggression by
aggressive peers and are not fighting to maintain a prom-
inent position in the social hierarchy—may be the least
likely to be involved in bullying.
Our study has important implications for the develop-
ment of bullying prevention programs and for the inclusion
of students with exceptionalities in general education
classrooms. First, there is a need for teachers to be aware
that membership in both aggressive peer groups and pop-
ular peer groups may place students at risk for bullying
others. Teachers may then be able to utilize seating charts
83. and group activities to encourage such students to form
associations with prosocial peers. Second, there is a need
for anti-bullying efforts that focus specifically on the social
risks of students with mild disabilities. Such students are
susceptible to both bullying and being victimized and may
also develop peer affiliations that further support their risk
for involvement in bullying. Current efforts in these areas
may need to be modified to account for individual needs.
Third, there is a need to develop inclusion strategies that
are responsive to the differential social needs and risks of
students with exceptionalities and that focus on creating
classroom social contexts that reduce bullying by enhanc-
ing the social opportunities and social positions of all
students.
While our findings are compelling, our study has several
limitations that must be considered. First, it should be
noted that despite their significance, the effect sizes for all
the relationships discussed above are small—ranging from
84. .02 to .07. These effect sizes may be due in part to the
complexity of the models being fitted—inclusion of three
main effects in addition to two-two-way and one-three-way
interactions greatly reduces the variability that any one
component of the model can explain. Beyond that, how-
ever, this speaks to the complexity of the processes leading
to bullying and victimization: while exceptionalities and
peer relations are important, many other factors are at
work. This leads directly to the second major limitation.
There are a number of variables that could be confounds
that we could not include in the study. Family structure and
socio-economic status, for example, tend to be related to
the need for special education services and academic
giftedness, and also have demonstrated relationships with
social outcomes. These variables could be driving many of
the relationships we found and may be contributing to the
variance unexplained by the our model.
A third key limitation was that the sample only included
85. fifth grade students. While this was consistent with our goal
of focusing on classroom social dynamics during late ele-
mentary school and the emerging transition to early
adolescence, it is not appropriate to generalize our findings
to early elementary school or to middle school. Additional
research is needed that addresses our aims in samples of
both younger and older students. Fourth, the sample of
students with disabilities was small and students with dif-
ferent types of mild disabilities were aggregated together.
Although our sample was small in statistical terms, it is
fairly large relative to many studies that focus on the social
relations of students with mild disabilities. Because of
issues of critical mass (i.e., only a few students with mild
disabilities per classroom), it was necessary to have very
large samples to study this population. This made it nec-
essary to collapse students with different high incidence
disabilities into a single category. While this is not an
appropriate practice when the aim is to generate knowledge
86. about a particular disability category, it does demonstrate
the need to include a focus on students with disabilities in
J Child Fam Stud (2009) 18:136–150 147
123
bullying and victimization research (which was one of our
key aims). There is clearly a significant need for large scale
studies that have sufficiently large samples of students with
different disabilities.
Finally, our investigation did not examine gender dif-
ferences. It is likely that boys and girls are involved in
bullying and victimization in different ways. Girls are more
likely to be involved with relational forms of bullying and
aggression while boys tend toward physical forms of
harassment (Crick et al. 1996). These forms of aggression
have differential relationships with both social skills
(Farmer 2000) and social functioning with peers (Cillessen
and Mayeux 2004).This is especially important in light of
87. the higher incidence of mild disabilities among boys and
the higher rate of giftedness among girls. The relationships
between exceptionalities, bullying, and popularity may be
in many ways driven by these gender differences. Unfor-
tunately, it was not possible to examine gender differences
among students with exceptionalities because of our small
sample sizes. As a result, our measures also collapsed
across forms of aggression (i.e., included both physical and
relational aggression). While the resulting measures of
internal consistency were adequate, there may be differ-
ential relationships between exceptionalities, social
functioning, and different forms of aggression. Research
with larger samples is needed to explore gender differences
across different special education categories as well as
within general education populations. Such work with
larger samples may be able to disentangle the effects of
exceptionalities on bullying and social functioning behav-
ior from those associated with gender and forms of
88. aggression.
In conclusion, our study indicates that students with
mild disabilities, academically gifted students, and general
education students are differentially at-risk for involvement
in bullying and victimization. Further, membership in both
aggressive and popular peer groups supports bullying,
while membership in popular groups appears to protect
against victimization. While our work has several limita-
tions, it does provide clear evidence to suggest a need for
research that focuses more specifically on exceptional
populations in bullying research. In addition, the finding
that membership in popular peer groups may support bul-
lying but protect against victimization is highly
provocative and warrants more intensive examination.
Finally, our results suggest there is a need to carefully
consider and explore the social vulnerability and bullying
involvement of students with exceptionalities in the
development of anti-bullying interventions. While there is
89. currently a strong focus on inclusion and on the use of peer
support strategies (i.e., cooperative learning, peer tutoring)
to address the instructional needs of students with mild
disabilities in general education classrooms, our findings
suggest that some pairings of students may be advanta-
geous while others may be highly detrimental. There is a
critical need to scientifically generate new information in
this area that can ultimately be used to help guide peer
support practices and anti-bullying efforts.
Acknowledgments This research was supported by grants
H325C020106 and H324C040230 from the Office of Special
Edu-
cation Programs of the Department of Education to Thomas W.
Farmer (Principal Investigator). The views expressed in this
article
are ours and do not represent the granting agency.
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123
1
Exceptionalties
“Exceptionalities” is a general, nonclinical term to describe
conditions and behaviors that lie
outside the norm. These may include physical, emotional, or
psychological differences. For the
purposes of this DSM-5 update, the focus will be on the
exceptionalities that align with the
DSM-5 classification of neurodevelopmental disorders.
One major shift in the DSM-5 was to abandon the classification
of disorders usually first
diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence in favor of
more clinically appropriate
classifications. That is, the diagnoses formerly found in this
group were moved to classifications
more specifically related to symptomology. One of the new
classifications—neurodevelopmental
disorders—includes diagnoses generally made early in
childhood. A summary of changes in
104. diagnostic criteria of these disorders can be found below.
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Developmental Disorder)
This group of diagnoses most closely resembles the formerly
described mental retardation
diagnoses. The phrase “mental retardation” is no longer used in
clinical or educational settings.
In addition to a change in the diagnostic label, there has been a
change to criteria as well. Mental
retardation diagnoses were previously identified as five separate
diagnoses reflecting severity of
impairment based on IQ score. The new intellectual disability
diagnoses include only two
diagnoses, with specifiers reflecting severity of impairment. It
is important to note that severity is
determined by adaptive functioning and cognitive capacity (IQ),
rather than solely by the latter,
as was the case in the DSM-IV.
Communication Disorders
This group of disorders includes deficits in language, speech,
and communication. Changes from
the DSM-IV to the DSM-5 for this group include new diagnostic
labels of speech sound disorder
(formerly phonological disorder), childhood-onset fluency
disorder (formerly stuttering), and
language disorder (a combination of expressive and mixed
receptive-expressive language
disorders). Also included is an entirely new diagnosis of social
(pragmatic) communication
disorder, which is characterized by persistent deficits in verbal
and nonverbal communication. It
is important to note that because social communication deficits
105. are a diagnostic criteria of autism
spectrum disorders, these diagnoses cannot be comorbid.
Autism Spectrum Disorder
The diagnostic grouping formerly known as pervasive
developmental disorders has been
streamlined and renamed autism spectrum disorder. This is a
single diagnostic label that includes
the formerly identified autistic disorder, Asperger’s disorder,
childhood disintegrative disorder,
and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified.
The autism spectrum disorder is
characterized by two key criterion: a) deficits in social
communication and social interaction and
b) restricted, repetitive behaviors. The specifiers used with this
diagnosis include intellectual
impairment, language impairment, and associations with other
conditions, factors, or comorbid
diagnoses. It is important to note that the DSM-IV diagnosis of
Rett disorder has been entirely
removed, as it is considered the manifestation of the biological
condition Rett syndrome.
2
Characteristics of Rett syndrome often appear to be very similar
to autism spectrum disorder at
onset; however, symptoms often improve substantially after 5–6
years of age, making differential
diagnosis more clear.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
106. Though the basic diagnostic criteria for ADHD is very similar
in the DSM-5, there are a number
of key differences from the DSM-IV, including stage-related
examples to aid in diagnosis in
childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. One of the key changes
has been to raise the
identification of symptomology from before age 7 to before age
12 and to use a single diagnosis
with specifiers rather than several related diagnoses in a group.
Specifiers replace prior subtypes,
identifying the predominant presenting symptomology.
Specifiers are also now used to reflect
severity of impairment of functioning.
Specific Learning Disorder
This is a new diagnosis in the DSM-5 and includes the entire
group of disorders from the DSM-
IV group learning disorders. These disorders included reading
disorder, mathematics disorder,
disorder of written expression, and learning disorder not
otherwise specified. Specifiers are used
to identify the areas of impairment (reading, written expression,
or mathematics).
Motor Disorders
This diagnostic group has replaced the motor skills disorder
group from the DSM-IV, which
previously included only developmental coordination disorder.
In recognition of the neurological
foundations of several disorders relating to control of movement
and coordination, this new
DSM-5 diagnostic group includes developmental coordination
disorder, stereotypic movement
disorder, and tic disorders. More clear language has also been
included in stereotypic movement
disorder criteria to better facilitate distinction from similar
108. corresponding expenditure of $181 per year of families with
normal
child. Of the disabled children, 80% were not getting any social
security payments and 90% had no special concessions for
medical and other educational purposes. Of the mothers of the
disabled children 21% were unemployed as against 12% in the
case of normal children. Parents of disabled children demanded
an average additional amount of $203 per year as social
security payments from the Government to meet the essential
necessities of their disabled children. There are extra costs for
disabled children for travel, domestic help, medical care, and
health care expenditures (hospital care, physician services,
dentistry, drugs and others) for disabled individuals; financial
impact of disablement in a child on the family is significant;
medical expenditure was a significant variable that
differentiated the disabled and normal child. Findings
(Honeycutt et al.,
Research in Developmental Disabilities 32 (2011) 306–311
A R T I C L E I N F O
Article history:
Received 21 September 2010
Received in revised form 29 September 2010
Accepted 7 October 2010
Keywords:
Autism
Physical disability
109. Mental disability
Raising burden
A B S T R A C T
The family economic burden of raising autistic children,
physical disabled children and
mental disabled children were evaluated in China. 227 parents
of children with autism,
children with physical disability, children with mental disability
and normal children were
interviewed for children’s costs, family income and economic
assistance, etc. The medical
cost and caring cost of disabled children were significantly
more than those of normal
children, and the education cost, clothes cost and amusement
cost of disabled children
were significantly less than those of normal children. Family
income was only predicted by
parents’ education level. Families of disabled children received
more economic assistance
than families of normal children except families of autistic
children. More children the
family had, less economic assistance the family acquired.
Compared with normal children,
110. the raising burden of children with disabilities were as follows:
children with autism
(19582.4 RMB per year), children with physical disability
(16410.1 RMB per year), children
with mental disability (6391.0 RMB per year). Families of
autistic children, physical
disabled children and mental disabled children have heavier
raising burden than families
of normal children, they need more help from many aspects.
� 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 10 63781942 8071.
E-mail addresses: [email protected] (N. Xiong),
[email protected] (L. Yang), [email protected] (Y. Yu),
[email protected] (J. Hou),
[email protected] (J. Li), [email protected] (Y. Li),
[email protected] (H. Liu), [email protected] (Y. Zhang),
[email protected]
(Z. Jiao).
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Research in Developmental Disabilities
0891-4222/$ – see front matter � 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2010.10.003
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2010.10.003