This document discusses key aspects of perception and personality. It outlines the perceptual process, how selective attention works, and common perceptual errors like stereotyping. It also examines social identity and the "Big Five" model of personality dimensions. Finally, the document explores personality assessment using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, which measures traits like extroversion and intuition.

1. © 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and Travaglione 11
Perception – some learning objectivesPerception – some learning objectives
To:
s Understand the perceptual process.
s Explain how we perceive ourselves and others
through social identity.
s Discuss stereotypes.
s Examine personality
s Identify the ‘Big Five’ personality dimensions.
s Discuss personality assessment through the
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.
s Link perception and decisikon-making

2. © 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and Travaglione 22
Selective attentionSelective attention
Emotions andEmotions and
behaviourbehaviour
Organisation andOrganisation and
interpretationinterpretation
The perceptual process model: we act on what weThe perceptual process model: we act on what we
‘see’ or think we see‘see’ or think we see
Environmental stimuliEnvironmental stimuli
Feeling Hearing Seeing Smelling TastingFeeling Hearing Seeing Smelling Tasting

3. © 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and Travaglione 33
We areWe are veryvery selective about what we ‘see’selective about what we ‘see’
or want to seeor want to see
 We are influenced by:
 Characteristics of the object
 size, intensity, motion, repetition, novelty
 The context within which we operate
 Characteristics of the perceiver
 values and attitudes
 perceptual defence
 expectations − condition us to expect events

4. © 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and Travaglione 44
Welsh people like
singing and rugby
Jones
is Welsh
Hence, Jones likes singing and
rugby
We stereotypeWe stereotype
Assign category’s traitsAssign category’s traits
to the personto the person
Assign person to categoryAssign person to category
based on observable infobased on observable info
Develop categoriesDevelop categories
and assign traitsand assign traits

5. © 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and Travaglione 55
How accurate are stereotypes?How accurate are stereotypes?
 ‘People tend to do as little cognitive work as possible when it
comes to thinking about others . . we tend to rely on mental
shortcuts.’ ie we are lazy thinkers
 Some basis for stereotypes but prone to distortion and error
 traits don’t describe everyone in the group
 we screen out inconsistent information
 Stereotypes are less accurate when
 we have little interaction with people in that group
 we experience conflict with members of that group
 Stereotypes enhance our own social identity

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Other perceptual errorsOther perceptual errors
 Primacy effect
 first impressions are … often wrong!
 Recency effect
 most recent information dominates our perceptions
 Halo effect
 one trait forms a general impression
 Projection effect
 believing other people are similar to you

7. © 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and Travaglione 77
ImprovingImproving
perceptualperceptual
accuracyaccuracy
DiversityDiversity
initiativesinitiatives
EmpathiseEmpathise
with otherswith others
PostponePostpone
impressionimpression
formationformation
KnowKnow
yourselfyourself
CompareCompare
perceptionsperceptions
with otherswith others
Improving perceptual accuracyImproving perceptual accuracy

8. © 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and Travaglione 88
PersonalityPersonality
‘ A relatively stable pattern of behaviours and consistent internal states
that explain a person's behavioural tendencies.’
Personality differentiate one person from all others.
Determined by:
Heredity
Environment
Situation
The ‘nature’ vs ‘nurture’ argument

9. © 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and Travaglione 99
Outgoing, talkative
Courteous, empathic
Caring, dependable
Poised, secure
Sensitive, flexible
Five personality dimensionsFive personality dimensions
ExtroversionExtroversion
AgreeablenessAgreeableness
ConscientiousnessConscientiousness
Emotional stabilityEmotional stability
Openness to experienceOpenness to experience

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Courtesy of Thompson Doyle Hennessey & Everest
Assessing Personality: The Myers-BriggsAssessing Personality: The Myers-Briggs
Type IndicatorType Indicator
A well-used tool for assessing
individual personality based on a
Jungian approach to individual
differences
Often used at the selection stage

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Myers-Briggs Type Indicator: MainMyers-Briggs Type Indicator: Main
DimensionsDimensions
 Extroversion versus introversion
(where you get your energy)
 Sensing versus intuition (how we
gather information, what we pay
attention to)
 Thinking versus feeling (the way
we prefer to make decisions)
 Judging versus perceiving
(reflects our orientation to the
outer world)
 16 ‘types’
Courtesy of Thompson Doyle Hennessey & Everest

12. Our perception of events – what we thinkOur perception of events – what we think
we see – influences all our behaviourswe see – influences all our behaviours
 The decisions we make
 How we behave – positively or negatively
 Who we gravitate toward – friends, relationships, etc
 What we are motivated to put our energy into – if we
perceive we won’t be treated fairly, we might not
bother.
 Everything we do runs the gamut of perception and
there is plenty of room to get it worng
© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and Travaglione 1212