234821765 ccna-virtual-lab

CCNAVirtual Lab
T i TA N i u m E d i T i o N 3 . 0
• Work with Practice Scenarios Based on
CCNA Exam Objectives
• Set Up Custom Network Configurations
Easily with Drag-and-Drop Functionality
• Hone Your Skills for the Exams with over
150 Hands-On Labs
• Use an Unlimited Number of Switches,
Routers, and Hosts in Your Virtual Network
• Get Useful Feedback with the Valuable
Net Assessment Tool
SeriouS SkillS.
®
William Tedder
Bestselling laB simulation software
COPYRIGHTED
MATERIAL

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10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Contents
Introduction to CCNA Virtual Lab, Titanium Edition 3.0 Labs v
Network Environment 1
Lab 1.1: Loading a Network Layout 2
Lab 1.2: Adding a Device to the Network Visualizer Screen 4
Host 4
Lab 1.3: Connecting Devices 7
Lab Steps 7
Lab 1.4: Network Cables 9
Cable Thickness 12
Lab 1.5: Disconnecting Devices 13
Lab Steps 13
Lab 1.6: Entering Configurations and Changing
Console Screens 15
Changing Console Screens 16
Lab 1.7: Clearing A Network Visualizer Screen 17
Lab 1.8: Network Configurations Window 18
Password Lookups 21
Lab 1.9: Preferences 21
Background Color 22
Other colors 23
ICND1: Cisco IOS 25
Lab 1.1 RouterSim and Cisco Devices 26
Lab Steps 26
Lab 1.2: Logging In and Out of a Cisco Router 29
Lab Steps 30
Lab 1.3: Overview of Router Modes 32
Router Modes 33
Lab Steps 34
Lab 1.4: Editing and Help Features 37
Lab Steps 38
Lab 1.5: Using Shortcut Commands and Tab Completion
in Gathering Basic Router Information 43
Lab Steps 44
Lab 1.6: Setting Passwords 48
Lab Steps 49
Lab 1.7: Encrypting Your Passwords 52
Lab Steps 53
Lab 1.8: Saving Your Configurations 56

vi Contents
Lab 1.9: Setting Router Banners 57
Lab 1.10: Configuring Interfaces for the 2621 Router 59
Lab Steps 60
Lab Steps 64
Lab 1.12: Configuring Interfaces for the 3560 Switch 66
Lab Steps 68
Lab 1.13: Bringing Up an Interface 69
Lab Steps 70
Lab 1.14: Configuring an IP Address on an Interface 73
Lab Steps 73
Lab 1.15: Serial Interface Commands 75
Lab Steps 77
Lab 1.16: Setting the Router Hostnames 78
Lab Steps 78
Lab 1.17: Setting Interface Descriptions 79
Lab Steps 80
Lab 1.18: Verifying Your Configuration 81
Lab Steps 82
Lab 1.19: do Command 86
Lab Steps 87
IP Routing 91
Lab 2: Introduction to IP Routing 92
Lab 2.1: Configuring the SDM for the 2811 Router 94
Lab Steps 95
Lab 2.2: Connecting to the SDM using the 2811 Router 98
Lab Steps 99
Lab 2.3: Configuring an Interface with SDM 104
Lab Steps 106
Lab 2.4: Configuring a DHCP Pool with SDM 109
Lab Steps 111
Lab 2.5: Configuring Other Items with SDM 114
Lab Steps 116
Lab 2.6: Verifying Your Configurations with SDM 119
Lab Steps 120
Lab 2.7: Configuring the Routers 121
Lab Steps 122
Lab 2.9: Configuring Static Routing 127
Lab Steps 129
Lab 2.10: Verifying Static Routing 130
Lab Steps 131
Practice Scenario: Basic Cisco Router Operations 134
Lab 2.11: Configuring and Verifying the Hosts 137
Lab Steps 137

Contents vii
Lab 2.12: Configuring Default Routing 142
Lab Steps 143
Lab 2.13: Verifying Default Routing 145
Lab 2.14: Configuring RIPv2 149
Lab Steps 151
Lab 2.16: Using Traceroute 151
Lab Steps 152
Lab 2.17: Using Debug with a RIPv2 Network 156
Lab Steps 157
Lab 2.18: Configuring and Verifying a Loopback Interface 157
Lab Steps 158
Lab 2.19: Using ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) 161
Lab Steps 162
Managing a Cisco Internetwork 165
Lab 3: Introduction to Managing a Cisco Internetwork 166
Lab 3.1: Password Recovery Techniques 168
Lab Steps 169
Lab 3.11: Configuring IGRP Routing 172
Lab Steps 174
Lab 3.12: Verifying IGRP Routing 177
Lab Steps 178
Lab 3.2: Backing Up the Cisco IOS 179
Lab Steps 180
Lab 3.3: Restoring or Upgrading the Cisco Router IOS 181
Lab Steps 182
Lab 3.4: Backing Up the Cisco Configuration 182
Lab Steps 183
Lab 3.5: Restoring the Cisco Router Configuration from
a TFTP Server 185
Lab Steps 185
Lab 3.6: Using the Cisco Discovery Protocol to Gather
Information about Neighbor Devices 186
Lab Steps 187
Lab 3.7: Using Telnet 191
Lab Steps 192
Lab 3.8: Using Secure Shell in Place of Telnet 197
Lab Steps 198
Lab 3.9: Verifying Secure Shell in Place of Telnet 200
Lab Steps 201
Lab 3.10: Creating a Hosts Table on a Router and Resolve Host
Names to IP Addresses 202
Lab Steps 202

viii Contents
Configuring the Catalyst Switch 205
Lab 4: Introduction to Configuring the Catalyst Switch 206
Lab 4.1: Connecting to the 1900 Switch and Setting Passwords 207
Lab Steps 207
Lab 4.2: Configuring the 1900 Switch 212
Set the Hostname 212
Lab Step 213
Configure the IP Address 213
Configure Interfaces 214
Configure Interface Descriptions 216
View Interface Descriptions 217
Lab 4.3: Configuring the 1900 Switch Port Duplex 218
Lab Steps 219
Lab 4.4: Verifying 1900 Switch IP Connectivity 220
Lab Steps 221
Lab 4.5: Erasing the 1900 Switch Configuration 222
Lab Steps 223
Lab 4.6: Utilizing the 2950 and 2960 Switch 224
Lab 4.7: Setting Passwords on the 2950/2960 Switch 225
Lab Steps 227
Lab 4.8: Configuring the 2950/2960 Switch 229
Lab Steps 231
Lab 4.9: Verifying 2950/2960 Switch IP Connectivity 237
Lab 4.10: Saving and Erasing 2950/2960 Switch Configuration 239
Lab Steps 240
Lab 4.11: Utilizing the 3550 and 3560 Switch 241
Lab 4.12: Setting Passwords on the 3550/3560 Switch 241
Lab Steps 242
Lab 4.13: Configuring the 3550/3560 Switch 244
Lab Steps 246
Lab 4.14: Verifying 3550/3660 Switch IP Connectivity 253
Lab 4.15: Saving and Erasing the 3550/3560 Switch
Configuration 255
NAT 257
Lab 5: Introduction to Network Address Translation (NAT) 258
Lab 5.1: Configuring Your Routers 259
Setting up the NAT Lab creates an address pool 260
Lab Steps 261

Contents ix
Switch Security 267
Lab 6.1: Configuring Switch Security 268
Lab 6.2: Verifying Switch Security 271
Lab Steps 272
Individual Labs (Comprehensive) 275
Lab Steps 278
Launching SDM Via Host A 280
Configure IP Address Using SDM 284
Configure DHCP Pool with the SDM 288
Using the SDM to Configure Other Items 292
Verify Router Configurations 295
Individual Lab: Configuring Routers 297
Lab Steps 299
Individual Lab: Configuring the 1900 Switch 303
Lab Steps 304
Setting the Hostname 308
Configuring an IP Address 308
Configuring Interfaces 309
Configuring Interface Descriptions 311
Configuring Port Duplex 312
Grade Me 313
Erasing the Configuration 313
Individual Lab: Configuring 2950 Switch 314
Lab Steps 316
Configuring IP Address Information 319
Verifying the IP Connectivity 326
Grade Me 327
Saving and Erasing Your Configurations 327
Individual Lab: Configuring the 2960 Switch 328
Lab Steps 328
Configuring IP Address Information 331
Verifying the IP Connectivity 336
Grade Me 337
Saving and Erasing Your Configuration 337
Individual Lab: Static Routing 338
Lab Steps 340
Individual Lab: Telnet 346
Lab Steps 348
Individual Lab: Using the Cisco Discovery Protocol
to Gather Information about Neighbor Devices 356
Lab Steps 358

x Contents
Individual Lab: Working with a Router Interface 363
Lab Steps 364
Configuring an IP Address on an Interface 366
Serial Interface 367
Setting An Interface Description 370
Individual Lab: Configuring Hosts 371
Lab Steps 372
ICND2 383
RIP - IPv6 384
Lab 1.1: Configuring RIP Routing 384
Lab Steps 385
Lab 1.2: Verifying RIP Routing 388
Lab Steps 389
Lab 1.3: Configuring IPv6 Static Routing 392
Address Types 392
Unicast Types 393
IPv6 Bits 393
Lab Steps 394
Lab 1.4: Verifying IPv6 Static Routing 397
Lab Steps 398
Troubleshooting IPv6 Static Routing 401
(use Practice Scenario: … 401
Troubleshooting Ipv6 … ) 401
Turn On Hostnames 402
Scenario 403
Task 403
Lab 1.5: Configuring RIP IPv6 Routing (RIPng) 404
Lab Steps 404
Lab 1.6: Verifying RIP IPv6 Routing (RIPng) 406
Lab Steps 406
Cisco Wide Area Networks (WAN) 411
Lab 2: Introduction to Cisco Wide Area Network Support 412
Lab 2.1: Configuring PPP Encapsulation 413
Lab Steps 414
Lab 2.2: Verifying PPP Encapsulation 415
Lab Steps 416
Lab 2.3: Configuring PPP Authentication with CHAP 417
Lab Steps 419
Lab 2.4: Verifying PPP with Authentication 419
Lab Steps 420

Contents xi
Lab 2.5: Understanding Frame Relay Configuration 423
Frame Relay Uses Virtual Circuits 423
Configuring Frame Relay Encapsulation 423
Frame Relay DLCI 423
Frame Relay LMI 424
Subinterfaces with Frame Relay 424
Lab 2.6: Configuring Frame Relay Switching 425
Lab Steps 426
Lab 2.7: Configuring Frame Relay with Subinterfaces 429
Lab Steps 430
Lab 2.8: Verifying Frame Relay 431
Lab Steps 431
EIGRP 435
Lab 3: Introduction to EIGRP 436
Lab 3.1: Configuring EIGRP Routing 436
Lab Steps 437
Lab 3.2: Verifying EIGRP Routing 440
Lab 3.3: Configuring EIGRP Wild Card Masks 445
Lab Steps 445
Lab 3.4: Verifying EIGRP Wild Card Mask Configurations 446
Lab Steps 447
Lab 3.5: Configuring EIGRP Authentication 449
Lab Steps 450
Lab 3.6: Verifying EIGRP Authentication 452
Lab Steps 452
Lab 3.7: Configuring Advanced Commands with EIGRP 456
OSPF 459
Lab 4: Introduction to OSPF 460
Lab 4.1: Configuring Single Area OSPF 460
Lab Steps 462
Lab 4.2: Verifying Single Area OSPF 465
Lab 4.3: OSPF Authentication 468
Lab Steps 469
Lab 4.4: Stub Area Configuration 473
Lab Steps 474
Lab 4.5: Totally Stub 476
Lab Steps 476
Lab 4.6: OSPF DR and BDR Elections 478
Lab Steps 479

xii Contents
Virtual LANs (VLANs) 483
Lab 5: Introduction to Virtual LANs 484
Lab 5.1: Configuring VLANs on a 1900 Switch 485
Lab Steps 486
Lab Steps 490
Lab 5.4: Configuring Trunk Ports and VTP Domain on
a 3550 Switch 493
Lab Steps 493
Configure VTP Domain 494
Lab Steps 496
Lab 5.6: Configuring Trunk Ports and VTP Domain on
a 3550 Switch 498
Configure Trunk Ports 498
Lab Steps 498
Configure VTP Domain 499
Lab 5.7: IntraVLAN and InterVLAN Routing 500
Lab Steps 501
Access Lists 505
Lab 6: Introduction to Managing Traffic with Access Lists 506
Lab 6.1: Standard IP Access-Lists 507
Lab 6.2: Verifying Standard
IP Access-Lists 512
Lab Steps 513
Lab 6.3: Applying an Access-List to a VTY Line 514
Lab Steps 515
Lab 6.4: Extended IP Access-Lists 516
Lab Steps 517
Lab 6.5: Verifying Extended
IP Access-lists 519
Lab Steps 520
Lab 6.6: Removing Extended
IP Access-lists 521
Lab Steps 521
Practice Scenario: NAT and ACLs 522
Configuring ACLs for Telnet and SSH 522
Turn On Hostnames 524
Scenario 524
Task 524

Contents xiii
NAT/PAT 525
Lab 7.1: Configuring Dynamic NAT 526
Lab Steps 527
Lab 7.2: Configuring PAT 529
Lab Steps 530
Lab 7.3: NAT/PAT Final Configuration Exercise 531
Lab Steps 532
VLSM with Summarization 537
Lab 8.1: VLSM with Summarization Lab—Configuring
Routers 538
Lab Steps 540
Lab 8.2: VLSM with Summarization
Lab—Configuring Hosts 545
Lab Steps 546
Lab—Configuring EIGRP with Discontiguous Networking 547
Lab Steps 549
Lab—Configuring Summarization 552
Lab Steps 553
Individual Labs (Comprehensive) 555
Introduction to Individual Labs 556
Grading 556
Individual Lab: RIP Routing 557
Lab Steps 559
Verify Configurations 563
RIPv2 566
Individual Lab: IPv6 Static Routing 568
Lab Steps 571
Verifying IPv6 Static Routing 572
Individual Lab: RIP IPv6 Routing (RIPng) 576
Lab Steps 578
Verifying RIP IPv6 Routing (RIPng) 580
Individual Lab: PPP Encapsulation 582
Lab Steps 585
Verifying PPP Encapsulation 588
Configuring PPP Authentication with CHAP 590
Verifying PPP with Authentication 591
Individual Lab: Frame Relay Switching 594
Understand Frame Relay 596

xiv Contents
Configuring Frame-Relay 598
Lab Steps 598
Configuring Frame Relay with Subinterfaces 599
Verifying Frame Relay 600
Individual Lab: EIGRP Routing 602
Lab Steps 605
Verifying EIGRP 610
Individual Lab: Single Area OSPF 612
Lab Steps 614
Verify OSPF 619
Individual Lab: OSPF DR and BDR Elections 622
Lab Steps 625
Individual Lab: Configuring VLANs 628
Lab Steps 631
Setting Up VLANS 631
Setting Up Trunk Ports 635
Configuring VTP Domain 637
IntraVLAN and InterVLAN Routing 640
Individual Lab: Configuring VLANs on a 1900 Switch 645
Lab Steps 647
Configuring Trunk Ports 650
Configuring Inter-Switch Link (ISL) Routing 651
Grade Me 652
Individual Lab: Standard IP Access-Lists 653
Lab Steps 654
Configuring Hosts E and F 658
Configuring Switches 659
Verifying Standard IP Access-Lists 665
Applying an Access-List to a VTY Line 666
Individual Lab: Extended IP Access-Lists 668
Lab Steps 670
Configuring Hosts E and F 674
Configuring Switches 675
Verifying Extended IP Access-lists 678
Removing Extended IP Access-lists 679
Individual Lab: Network Address Translation (NAT) and
Port Address Translation 680
Setting up the NAT Lab 683
Lab Steps 684
Dynamic NAT 687
Configuring PAT 689
Individual Lab: VLSM with Summarization 691
Lab Steps 694
Configuring Hosts 700

Contents xv
Configuring EIGRP with Discontiguous Networking 703
Configuring Summarization 706
Verifying Summarization 707
Net Assessment 709
Lab 1.1: Introduction to Net Assessment 710
For Instructors 710
For Individuals 712
Lab 1.2: Making Changes and Inserting Instructions 712
Lab Steps 713
Lab 1.3: Loading Net Assessment 715
Lab 1.4: Creating a Net Assessment Template 717
Lab Steps 717
Lab 1.5: Net Assessment—Editing Values 722
Lab Steps 722
Lab 1.6: Net Assessment—Creating A Test Network 725
Lab Steps 725
Lab 1.7: Net Assessment—Assessing
A Test Network 726
Lab Steps 726
Lab 1.8: Advanced Values Editing 729
Lab 1.9: Edit Values—Changing A Selected Value 730
Lab 1.10: Edit Values—Randomizing
A Selected Value 732
Lab 1.11: Edit Values—Removing A Selected Value 733
Lab 1.12: Edit Values—Auto-Selecting and Randomizing
Any Value 734
Exceeding the Number of Configurations 735
Lab 1.13: Edit Values—Auto-Selecting and Removing
Any Value 735
Create Your Own Custom Labs 737
Lab 1.1: Creating a Custom Lab 738
Lab Steps 738

Introduction to CCNA Virtual Lab,
Titanium Edition 3.0 Labs
This program contains all the labs available for CCNA Virtual Lab, Titanium Edition 3.0.
Navigation
When you load the online documentation, a tree list on the left side of the screen allows you
to quickly navigate from one section and lab topic to another. Click on a book to expand the
list of labs for that section. You will then see a “?” icon to the left of each topic. Click a topic
title to display lab content on the right side of the screen.

xviii Introduction
Types of Labs
CCNA Labs and Supporting Material
ICND1 and ICND2 Labs The presentation of CCNA™ labs has been reorganized into two
different areas. Individuals preparing for the Cisco®
ICND (640-822) exam can easily bring
up documentation and networks for the 75 labs that help prepare them. Those preparing for
the Cisco®
ICND 2 (640-816) exam can now find these 78 labs and networks organized in
the same section.
Practice Scenarios Studying for the Cisco®
CCNA™ exam is challenging. Trying to figure
out which exam topics to study for is difficult. This program assists you by providing Practice
Scenarios. We have designed our practice scenarios based on CCNA™ exam topics. Testing
yourself with our practice scenarios will give you the confidence needed in preparing for the
Cisco®
CCNA™ exam. After you go through accumulative and/or Individual labs you can
test your problem-solving and troubleshooting skills. In the lab documentation we present
Practice Scenarios which are interspersed in the lab documentation. With these scenarios you
are presented with partially or incorrectly configured networks and your task is to read the
instructions and correct the situation. These are gradable labs.
They can be found in two places on our menu tree. They are interspersed among the accu-
mulative labs. After you read about a concept and go through hands-on lab(s), you are then
presented with a practice scenario that tests your problem-solving and troubleshooting skills.
They can also be found in their own section so that you can quickly choose any of the labs,
instead of hunting for them in the accumulative labs.
Individual Labs We also offer CCNA™ labs that stand on their own, are comprehensive
and self-contained, and do not require configurations from prior labs. These labs are typically
longer than the accumulative labs because you are starting with a non-configured network
each time you bring up an Individual lab. You are totally configuring the network for each
lab, from beginning to finish. We provide step-by-step instructions for these labs. These are
gradable labs.
Net Assessment This feature allows you to test and evaluate your CCNA™ problem-solving
and trouble shooting network skills. This is a powerful and flexible tool for all to use, includ-
ing teachers, students, individuals, etc. You can grade yourself or if you are an instructor, you
can grade your students. There are eight labs that walk you through an example in utilizing
Net Assessment. Net Assessment also provides you with more sophisticated and powerful
methods in altering values. That is covered in seven additional labs.
Accumulative Labs We provide step-by-step labs that, for the most part, build on each
other. Fourteen different network layouts are presented within these labs. When you start
working with a new section and encounter a new network layout, you are asked to save
your work. It is suggested that you save your network layout with another name so that
you always have a non-configured network to fall back on. An example would be saving
the original network layout, Standard Layout, as My Standard Layout.

Introduction xix
Network Layouts
Loading a Network Layout
1. On the Network Visualizer screen, click on the File menu and then click Open.
2. When the dialog box appears, make sure you are in the Networks folder.
3. Find and click on the file name and then click OK.
Custom Labs
With CCNA Virtual Lab, Titanium Edition 3.0, you can create your own labs. You can
then make your labs available for others to use. They will appear off the main menu of
the Network Visualizer screen. You can also imbed instructions into your labs/network.
Use a third-party program to create instructions. This can be a text editor, word proces-
sor, HTML editor, spreadsheet program, etc.

Lab 1.1: Loading a Network
Layout
There are three types of network layouts that you can load with this program.
Accumulative Labs In our lab documentation we provide step-by-step labs that, for the
most part, build on each other. Within the accumulative labs there are a handful of different
network layouts that you will load. The network layouts are specific to the tasks you will
encounter in the labs.
3. Find and click on the file name and then click Open.
Individual Labs We also offer labs that stand on their own, are self-contained, and do not
require configurations from prior labs. These labs are typically larger than the accumula-
tive labs because you are starting with a non-configured network each time you bring up
an Individual lab. You are totally configuring the network for each lab, from beginning
to finish. We provide step-by-step instructions for these labs. Some labs require extensive
configurations, Instead of manually entering the configurations, you have the ability to copy

Lab 1.1: Loading a Network Layout 3
and paste script into the console. This saves you time so that you do not have to manually
type in each command if you do not care to do so.
Practice Scenarios Studying for the Cisco®
CCNA exam is challenging. Trying to figure out
which exam topics to study for is difficult. We assist you by providing Practice Scenarios. We
have designed our practice scenarios based on the CCNA exam topics. Testing yourself with
our practice scenarios will give you the confidence needed in preparing for the Cisco®
CCNA
exam. After you go through accumulative and/or Individual labs you can test your problem-
solving and troubleshooting skills. In the lab documentation we present Practice Scenarios
which are interspersed in the lab documentation. With these scenarios you are presented with
partially or incorrectly configured networks and your task is to read the instructions and cor-
rect the situation.
They can be found in two places on our menu tree. They are interspersed among the accu-
mulative labs. After you read about a concept and go through hands-on lab(s), you are then
presented with a practice scenario that tests your problem-solving and troubleshooting skills.
They can also be found in their own section so that you can quickly choose any of the labs,
instead of hunting for them in the accumulative labs.

4 Network Environment
Custom Networks With this program, you can create your own labs. You can then make
your labs available for others to use. You can distribute your custom labs to others so that
they show up on their menus. They can be loaded from the Network Visualizer menu.
Lab 1.2: Adding a Device to the Network
Visualizer Screen
This program offers several devices that you can interact with in our network layouts or
networks that you want to create. The following is a list of these devices and their features.
Host
1900 Switch It has 12 10BaseT switched ports and two FastEthernet switched ports.
2621 Router It has Enterprise edition 12.x software. The 2621 has two FastEthernet
interfaces and two serial interfaces.
2811 Router It has Enterprise edition 12.4 software, four serial ports and two FastEthernet
ports.
2950 Switch It has 12 FastEthernet, 10/100 ports to help you build your LANs and VLANs.
2960 Switch It has eight FastEthernet ports and one GigabitEthernet port.
3550 Switch It has 10 FastEthernet, 10/100 ports.
3560 Switch It has eight FastEthernet ports and one GigabitEthernet port.

Lab 1.2: Adding a Device to the Network Visualizer Screen 5
These devices are represented by device buttons at the top of the Network Visualizer screen.
Description of Toolbar Buttons
New Network Visualizer screen
Load a network
Save a network
Print network layout
Clear all devices off the Network Visualizer screen
Insert a file into the network. For example, this could be a text file,
Microsoft Word file, PDF file, graphic file, etc.
Insert a host onto the Network Visualizer screen
Insert a new 2621 router onto the Network Visualizer screen
Insert a new 2811 router onto the Network Visualizer screen
Insert a new 1900 switch onto the Network Visualizer screen

Description of Toolbar Buttons
Display the Net Assessment window
Display the Net Configs window
Display the Net Packet Monitor window
To add one or more of any device, click the device button that corresponds to the host,
router, or switch. A new object will appear in the left corner of the Network Visualizer screen.
Drag and drop it wherever you want. Devices are labeled sequentially. For example, if you
click on the 2811 device button, 2811 Router A will appear on the screen. If you click the
device button again, 2811 Router B will appear on the screen. The next one would be 2811
Router C, and so on.
There is an unlimited amount of devices that can be added to a Network
Visualizer screen. You are only limited by your computer resources.
(continued)

Lab 1.3: Connecting Devices 7
Lab 1.3: Connecting Devices
Once you have placed devices onto the Network Visualizer screen, only a couple steps
are required to connect them. They need to be connected so that the program knows
they are in the same network. All devices must be connected into the same network for
you to both configure and test for connectivity.
In the following example, we will connect serial interface 0/0/0 of the 2811 Router A to
serial interface 0/0/1 of 2811 Router B.
Lab Steps
1. Right-mouse click 2811 Router A. A graphical representation of its ports will appear. It
will appear on top of 2811 Router A.

2. Place your mouse over interface serial 0/0/0 and click your left mouse key.
3. As soon as you click a port, the large graphic disappears and you will see a line
attached to the cursor. Move the cursor over to 2811 Router B and click the right
mouse button.
4. When the graphical representation of the ports for 2811 Router B appears, click on
interface serial 0/0/1.

The large graphic will disappear and you should see 2811 Router A and 2811 Router B
connected with a serial cable. You have the option of viewing interface labels. On the
Network Visualizer screen click View and Hostnames.
Lab 1.4: Network Cables
This program provides three different types of cables that can be used when creating
networks.

Straight-Through is GREEN in color in our program and provides connectivity from
hosts to switches and from routers to switches. This is a twisted-pair cable that uses RJ-45
connectors.
Cross-Over is WHITE in color in our program and is used to connect switch to switch
and router to router on an Ethernet port. This cannot be used to connect hosts to switches
or switches to routers.

Serial WAN is RED in color in our program and is represented by a lightning bolt. This is
used to simulate a serial WAN connection and can only be connected to serial interfaces on
a router. These are point-to-point only and can connect from router to router only via their
serial ports. They cannot be used to connect to switches or hosts.
WAN connection
A network connection through routers which connects two geographically distanced
networks together. It typically connects several local area networks (LANs), usually
through the Internet.

Cable Thickness
You can change the thickness of cables used in your network. On the Network Visualizer
menu, click the View menu, put your mouse over the menu item Line Thickness, and then
select one of the three levels of line thickness.
Here is a network that is displays the smallest thickness of cables.

Lab 1.5: Disconnecting Devices 13
Here is a network that displays the largest thickness of cables.
Lab 1.5: Disconnecting Devices
Any network cable can be disconnected. If you want to remove several cables from a device,
you will need to do so, one by one. In the following example, we will disconnect the serial
cable between 2811 Router A and 2811 Router B.
Lab Steps
1. Place your cursor over 2811 Router A and click your right mouse button.

2. Place your cursor above the cable connector for interface serial 0/0/0 and click your left
mouse button.
3. You will be asked to confirm you removing the cable from the port. Click the Yes button.
4. The cable will now be removed and you will have two disconnected routers.

Lab 1.6: Entering Configurations and Changing Console Screens 15
Lab 1.6: Entering Configurations and
Changing Console Screens
Configurations are entered through a console screen. Only one console screen displays at
a time, however, you can display a separate console screen for any router or switch in your
network.
1. Place a couple 2811 routers onto a Network Visualizer screen.
2. Place your cursor over 2811 Router A and double-click you left mouse button. A con-
sole screen will appear.

3. When you first start out with a network you will need to press Enter to display the
User mode. From there you can change modes and enter configurations, ping, telnet,
and perform show commands.
4. Type enable and press Enter to go to the Privileged mode.
5. Type config t and press Enter so that you can enter Global Configuration mode. You
will enter your configurations in this mode and in other modes such as Interface mode.
Changing Console Screens
You can use the menu system on the console screen to view the consoles for any device on
the Network Visualizer screen. In the following example we have a 3550 and 3560 switch
on the Network Visualizer screen.

Lab 1.7: Clearing A Network Visualizer Screen 17
In this example you want to go from the console of the 3550 Switch A, to the console of
the 3560 Switch A. Click View on the menu, put your mouse over Console, go down and find
the desired type of device (in this case it is Switch 3560), and then choose 3560 Switch A.
Lab 1.7: Clearing A Network
Visualizer Screen
There are two ways to clear a Network Visualizer screen.
NN Click the Edit menu and then select Clear.

NN You can also click the trash can icon on the tool bar.
You will be asked to confirm that you want to clear the current network layout.
Lab 1.8: Network Configurations Window
You can view the configurations for all devices on your Network Visualizer screen. To
view the Network Configs screen, click the Tools menu, and then Net Configs.

Lab 1.8: Network Configurations Window 19
Or click the Net Configs button on the button bar.

And the Net Configs screen will appear ...

Password Lookups
You may forget passwords that you enter while configuring devices. You can look them up
by clicking the Net Configs button.
You can display the console screen for any device listed in the Net Configs
window. Double-click on the name of any device.
Lab 1.9: Preferences
There are two preferences that you can set for the look and feel of this program.
N Background color of the Network Visualizer screen
NN Autosize the Network Visualizer screen when you load a network

The Preferences window can be displayed by clicking Tools on the Network Visualizer
screen, then Preferences.
Background Color
You can easily change the background of your Network Visualizer screen. Eighteen basic
colors are available in choosing the background color. If you click the Default button, your
screen will display a dark Navy blue.

Other colors
If you want to choose another color, click on the Other button.

Lab 1.1 RouterSim and
Cisco Devices
In this program you now have the option of also using traditional Cisco®
graphical devices.
You can create networks from scratch using several types of devices, however, you cannot
mix them. The program will display all RouterSim devices or all Cisco®
graphical devices.
You can load existing network layouts and easily change their appearance.
Lab Steps
1. On the Network Visualizer menu click View and then select Cisco Devices from the
drop down menu.

Lab 1.1 RouterSim and Cisco Devices 27
Network Layout
Load CiscoIOS Layout.rsm before going through the following lab.
3. Click on the file CiscoIOS Layout.rsm and click Open. You should see the following
non-configured network:
By default you will see Routersim devices on any network layout that comes with this
program.

28 ICND1: Cisco IOS
The network shown at the top of lab quickly changes and Cisco®
devices are displayed.
If you display the device list, it will now display Cisco®
devices.
2. You can change back and display RouterSim devices. On the Network Visualizer menu
click View and then select RouterSim Devices from the drop down menu.

Lab 1.2: Logging In and Out of a
Cisco Router
In this lab you bring up a router console and learn how to log in using the enable and
disable commands.

30 ICND1: Cisco IOS
Lab Steps
1. On the Network Visualizer screen, double-click on 2811 Router A. This will bring up
a console screen. You interact with each device through the console screen. You will
enter all your CLI commands such as configuring a device, testing connectivity, and
displaying output.
Network Layout
Load the network layout you have been working with for labs in section 1.
Connectivity
When testing for connectivity in a network, it refers to the ability of a source device
such as a router to connect to a remote device, or another router. If you ping a remote
router and it is unsuccessful, you have no connectivity. If your ping is successful, you
have connectivity.

Output
Information that is displayed on the console screen after you enter a show command.
For example, if you enter the command show run, you get the following output:
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 874 bytes
!
version 12.4
service timestamps debug datetime msec
service timestamps log datetime msec
no service password-encryption
!
hostname Router
!
[output cut]

32 ICND1: Cisco IOS
2. Press Enter and the Router> prompt will appear. You are now in the User mode.
This mode is mostly used to view statistics, though it is also a stepping-stone to
logging into Privileged mode. You can only view and change the configuration of a
Cisco router in Privileged mode, which you enter with the enable command.
Router>
Router>enable
Router#
3. You now end up with a Router# prompt, which indicates you are in Privileged mode.
You can both view and change the configuration in Privileged mode. You can go back
from Privileged mode to user mode by using the disable command.
Router#disable
Router>
4. At this point you can type logout to exit the console.
Router>logout
Router con0 is now available
Press Return to get started.
5. Or you could just type logout or exit from the Privileged mode prompt to log out.
Router>enable
Router#logout
Press RETURN to get started.
Lab 1.3: Overview of Router Modes
It is important to understand the different prompts you can find when configuring a router so
you can know where you are at any time within Configuration mode. In this lab, the prompts
that are used on a Cisco router will be demonstrated. Always check your prompts before
making any changes to a router’s configuration.

Router Modes
Depending on what you want to do, you can go to different mode levels interacting with
interfaces and devices. Most commands are mode specific. That means that many com-
mands work in one mode but not another. That is why you have to change modes, depend-
ing on what command you want to enter. However, with the do command you can now
enter privileged mode commands in Global Configuration mode. This works on the 2811
router (IOS version 12.4) and the 2960 and 3560 switch (IOS version 12.2 SE). The follow-
ing chart displays the different modes you will encounter.
Network Layout

34 ICND1: Cisco IOS
Mode Prompt Typical Use
User Router> Usually the first login prompt when logged
in to a Cisco router.
Minimal, fundamental set of non configu-
ration commands in this mode.
Only basic router information is given in
this mode. Show commands can be given
which will result in output displayed in the
console screen. Only information about the
device is given.
Privileged Router# This mode is accessed by using the enable
command from user mode.
You can quit privilege mode by using the
disable command.
Can be and should be protected by an
enable or enable secret password.
All router functionality can be accessed
from this level.
Ping interfaces.
Telnet to devices.
Show commands that display routing
information, interface protocols, and the
systems entire running configuration.
Global Configuration Router(config#) Configure or make changes that affect the
entire router.
Change your device host name.
Change passwords.
Set up access lists.
Interface Router(config-if#) Allows you to configure specific interfaces.
Routing-Configuration Router(config-router) Allows you to configure the routing
protocol.
Lab Steps
1. On the Network Visualizer screen, double-click on 2811 Router A. This will bring up a
console screen.
2. Press Enter and the Router> prompt will appear. You are now in the User mode.

3. Change to the Privileged mode.
Router>
Router>enable
4. To configure a device from the CLI, you can make global changes to the router by typ-
ing configure terminal (config t for short), which puts you in Global Configuration
mode and changes what is known as the running-config. You can type config from
the Privileged mode prompt and then just press Enter to take the default of terminal.
Router#config
Configuring from terminal, memory, or network [terminal]?enter
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CTRL/Z.
Router(config)#
At this point you make changes that affect the router as a whole, hence the term
Global Configuration mode. Notice the prompt is now Router(config)#.
5. To make changes to an interface, you use the interface command from Global Con-
figuration mode.
Router(config)#interface ?
Async Async interface
BRI ISDN Basic Rate Interface
BVI Bridge-Group Virtual Interface
CTunnel CTunnel interface
Dialer Dialer interface
FastEthernet FastEthernet IEEE 802.3
Group-Async Async Group interface
Lex Lex interface
Loopback Loopback interface
MFR Multilink Frame Relay bundle interface
Multilink Multilink-group interface
Null Null interface
Tunnel Tunnel interface
Vif PGM Multicast Host interface
Virtual-Template Virtual Template interface
Virtual-TokenRing Virtual TokenRing
range interface range command
Router(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#
Notice the prompt changed to Router(config-if)# to tell you that you are in interface
configuration.

36 ICND1: Cisco IOS
6. Sub interfaces allow you to create virtual interfaces within the router. The prompt then
changes to Router(config-subif)#.
Router(config)#int f0/0.?
<0-4294967295> FastEthernet interface number
Router(config)#int f0/0.1
Router(config-subif)#
Type exit to go back to Global Configuration mode.
Router(config-subif)#exit
Router(config)#
7. To configure User mode passwords, use the line command. The prompt then becomes
Router(config-line)#.
Router(config)#line ?
<0-70> First Line number
aux Auxiliary line
console Primary terminal line
tty Terminal controller
vty Virtual terminal
Router(config)#line console 0
Router(config-line)#
The line console 0 command is known as a major, or global, command, and any
command typed from the (config-line) prompt is known as a subcommand.
8. Type exit to go back to Global Configuration mode.
Router(config-line)#exit
Router(config)#
9. The line vty 0 1180 command is used to control inbound telnet connections. This is
part of a series of commands that you use to set passwords for interfaces so that you
can set up interface security and telnet from one device to another.
Router(config)#line vty 0 1180
Router(config-line)#
10. Type exit to go back to Global Configuration mode.
Router(config)#
11. To configure routing protocols like RIP, use the prompt (config-router)#.
Router(config)#router rip
Router(config-router)#

Lab 1.4: Editing and Help Features 37
It is not important that you understand what each of these commands do
at this time. These will all be explained later in greater detail. What you
need to understand is the different prompts available. This program sup-
ports the line console and line vty commands.
12. Type control+z to go back to Global Configuration mode. Control+z is noted as ctrl+z.
Router(config-router)#ctrl+z
Router#
Lab 1.4: Editing and Help Features
You can use the Cisco®
advanced editing features to help you configure your router or
switch. This lab will teach you how and where to use a question mark (?) from the CLI as
well as how to use keystrokes to help you edit your command strings.
Network Layout

38 ICND1: Cisco IOS
Lab Steps
console screen.
2. Press enter and the Router> prompt will appear. You are now in the User mode.
3. Change to the Privileged mode.
Router>
Router>enable
4. By using a question mark (?) at any prompt, you can see the list of commands available
from that prompt.
Router#?
Exec commands:
access-enable Create a temporary Access-List entry
access-profile Apply user-profile to interface
access-template Create a temporary Access-List entry
archive manage archive files
bfe For manual emergency modes setting
cd Change current directory
clear Reset functions
clock Manage the system clock
cns CNS subsystem
configure Enter configuration mode
connect Open a terminal connection
copy Copy from one file to another
debug Debugging functions (see also 'undebug')
delete Delete a file
dir List files on a filesystem
disable Turn off privileged commands
disconnect Disconnect an existing network connection
enable Turn on privileged commands
erase Erase a filesystem
exit Exit from the EXEC
help Description of the interactive help system
--More--
At this point, you can press the spacebar to get another page of information, or you
can press Enter to go one command at a time. You can also press any other key to quit
and Enter to return to the prompt.

Lab 1.5 Using Shortcut Commands and Tab Completion 39
5. To find commands that start with a certain letter, use the letter and the question mark (?)
with no space between them.
Router#c?
clear
clock
cns
configure
connect
copy cd
Router#c
Notice that by typing “c?”, we receive a response of all the commands that start with
“c”. Also notice that the Router# prompt appeared with our command still present.
This is helpful when you have long commands and need the next possible command.
Supported Commands in CCNA Virtual Lab, Titanium Edition 3.0
Commands supported in this program were specifically chosen to represent the most
important commands needed in configuring networks and in preparing for the CCNA
exam. When you enter a help command such as ?, you will see a complete list of IOS
commands. However, not all are available and supported in this program.
To view supported commands for CCNA Virtual Lab, Titanium Edition 3.0:
1. Bring up a console screen.
2. Click the View menu.
3. Click Supported Commands.

40 ICND1: Cisco IOS
6. To find the next command in a string, type the first command and then a question
mark. Set the router’s clock by typing clock ? and following the help screens; set the
router’s time and date.
Router#clock ?
set Set the time and date
Router#clock set ?
hh:mm:ss Current Time
Router#clock set 10:30:10 ?
<1-31> Day of the month
MONTH Month of the year
Router#clock set 10:30:10 28 ?
MONTH Month of the year
Router#clock set 10:30:10 28 december ?
<1993-2035> Year
Router#clock set 10:30:10 28 december 2007 ?
<cr>
Router#
By typing the clock command, then a space and a question mark, you will get a list of the
next possible commands and what they do. Notice that we just kept typing a command, a
space, and then a question mark until < cr> (carriage return) was our only option.
7. Type show clock to see the time and date you have set.
8. If you are typing commands and receive this:
Router#clock set 10:30:10
% Incomplete command.
Then you know that the command string is not complete. Just press the up arrow key
to view the last command entered, then continue with the command by using your
question mark.
9. Also, if you receive this error:
Router#clock shut 10:30:10 28 8
^
% Invalid input detected at '^' marker.
You have entered the command incorrectly. The caret (^) marks the point where you
have entered the command incorrectly. This is very helpful.
10. You may receive an error when you type in a command that the program cannot match
with any known command. For example,
Router#sh s
% Ambiguous command: "sh s"

It means you did not enter all the keywords or values required by this command. Use the
question mark to find the command you need.
Router#sh s?
scp
sessions
slm
smas
smf
snapshot
snmp
spanning-tree
stacks
standby
startup-config
subscriber-polocy
subsys
11. Type show access-list 10. Don’t press Enter.
12. Notice the cursor is at the end of the line. Type Ctrl+ A. This takes you to the begin-
ning of the line.
13. Type Ctrl+ E. This should take you back to the end of the line.
14. Type Ctrl+ A, then type Control+ F. This should move you forward one character.
15. Type Ctrl + B, which will move you back one character.
16. Press Enter, then type Ctrl + P. This will repeat the last command.
17. Press the up arrow on your keyboard. This will also repeat the last command.
18. Use the show history command to see the last 10 commands entered on the router.
Router#sh history
19. Use the show terminal command to verify the terminal history size.
Router#sh terminal
20. The terminal history size command, used from Privileged mode, can change the
size of the history buffer.
Router#terminal history size ?
<0-256> Size of history buffer
Router#terminal history size 25

42 ICND1: Cisco IOS
21. Verify the change with the show terminal command.
Router#sh terminal
22. Type terminal no editing . This turns off advanced editing. Repeat steps 9-13 to see
that the shortcut editing keys have no effect.
23. Type terminal editing and press Enter to re-enable advanced editing.
24. Type sh run, then press your tab key. This will finish typing the command for you.
Editing Command Table
The following table displays the editing commands:
Command Description
? Gives you a help screen
<ctrl A> Moves your cursor to the beginning of the line
<ctrl D> Deletes a single character
<ctrl E> Moves your cursor to the end of the line
<ctrl F> Moves forward one character
<ctrl-R> Redisplays a line
<ctrl-U> Erases a line
<ctrl-W> Erases a word
<ctrl-Z> Ends configuration mode and returns to EXEC
<esc B> Moves back one word
<esc F> Moves forward one word
backspace Deletes a single character
tab Finishes typing a command for you

Lab 1.5: Using Shortcut Commands
and Tab Completion in Gathering Basic
Router Information
In this lab you will learn about shortcut commands and the tab completion function. You
will use these concepts and commands used to gather basic information about a Cisco router.
Network Layout

44 ICND1: Cisco IOS
Lab Steps
console screen.
2. Press Enter and the Router> prompt will appear. You are now in the user mode.
3. Change to the privileged mode.
Router>
Router>en
Shortcut Commands
Most Cisco IOS commands do not have to be completely spelled out. To facilitate being
able to more quickly enter commands, you only have to enter part of a command, plus,
each word in a command can be abbreviated. For example the command enable can be
shortened to en. Another example is the command show running-configurations. You
can abbreviate that and just type in sh run. A final example is when you have the com-
mand show interfaces. You only need to type in sh int. The router or switch knows
what you mean and correctly interprets and carries out that command.
You do need to type in enough letters for each word in a command for the router or
switch to correctly understand and interpret what you are trying to do. If you do not,
you will receive feedback that one or more of your words are ambiguous. The reason
for that is that letters in one or more of the words in your command can be used to
spell out different words. In that case the device does not know what you want to do;
there are too many possibilities.
For example, type the following:
Router>#s ver
I get 2811A#s ver
Cisco IOS Software, 2800 Software (C2800NM-ADVIPSERVICESK9-M), Version 12.4(9)
T1, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc2)
Technical Support: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport
Copyright (c) 1986-2006 by Cisco Systems, Inc.[output cut]
Router>A#s v
% Ambiguous command: “show v”
2811 Router A recognized “s” to mean “show” but it did not recognize “v”.

Lab 1.5: Using Shortcut Commands and Tab Completion 45
Enter the following command:
Router>#s v?
vc-group version vlan-range vlan-switch
vlans voice voip vpdn
vrrp vsp vtemplate vtp
In this case “v” could be the first letter in 12 different words.
On a real 2800 device you would get the output with 12 different words. This program
does not have 12 different words; therefore, your output will be different.
Try this:
2811A#s v?
Version
Router>#s ver
Cisco IOS Software, 2800 Software (C2800NM-ADVIPSERVICESK9-M), Version 12.4(9)
T1, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc2)
Copyright (c) 1986-2006 by Cisco Systems, Inc.
[output cut]
The 2811 A router recognized “s” to mean “show” but it did not recognize “v”.
Enter the following command:
Router>#s v?
% incomplete command
Try this:
2811A#s ve?
Now you only have one word, so, the command s ve will work, along with sh ver,
show ver, etc.

46 ICND1: Cisco IOS
4. The command show version will provide basic configuration for the system hardware
as well as the software version, the names and sources of configuration files, and the
boot images.
Router#sh ver [press the tab key]
Router#sh version
Cisco IOS Software, 2800 Software (C2800NM-ADVIPSERVICESK9-M), Version
12.4(12), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Copyright (c) 1986-2006 by Cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Fri 17-Nov-06 12:02 by prod_rel_team
ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 12.4(13r)T, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Router uptime is 4 weeks, 6 days, 18 hours, 29 minutes
System returned to ROM by power-on
System image file is "flash:c2800nm-advipservicesk9-mz.124-12.bin"
This product contains cryptographic features and is subject to United
States and local country laws governing import, export, transfer and
use. Delivery of Cisco cryptographic products does not imply
third-party authority to import, export, distribute or use encryption.
Importers, exporters, distributors and users are responsible for
compliance with U.S. and local country laws. By using this product you
agree to comply with applicable laws and regulations. If you are unable
to comply with U.S. and local laws, return this product immediately.
A summary of U.S. laws governing Cisco cryptographic products may be found
at:
http://www.cisco.com/wwl/export/crypto/tool/stqrg.html
If you require further assistance please contact us by sending email to
export@cisco.com.
Cisco 2811 (revision 53.51) with 249856K/12288K bytes of memory.
Processor board ID FTX1048A54G
2 FastEthernet interfaces
4 Serial(sync/async) interfaces
DRAM configuration is 64 bits wide with parity enabled.
239K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.
62720K bytes of ATA CompactFlash (Read/Write)
Configuration register is 0x2102
Router#
The version number can be found on the first line of ouput ...
Cisco IOS Software, 2800 Software (C2800NM-ADVIPSERVICESK9-M), Version 12.4(12),
RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1).

Lab 1.5: Using Shortcut Commands and Tab Completion 47
The show version command gives you how long the router has been running, how it
was restarted, the IOS filename running, the model hardware and processor versions,
and the amount of DRAM. Also, the configuration register value is listed last. The
above router has 256 megabytes of RAM and 64 megabytes of Flash.
5. You can view the router files by typing the command show running-config or show
startup-config from privileged mode. The sh run command, which is the shortcut for
show running-config, tells us that we are viewing the current configuration.
Router#sh run
!
version 12.4
!
hostname Router
[cut]
6. The sh start command, which is the shortcut for the show startup-config com-
mand, shows us the configuration that will be used the next time the router is reloaded
and also shows us the amount of NVRAM used to store the startup-config file.
Router#sh start
!
version 12.4
Tab Completion Function
Most of the time you will use shortcut commands to configure devices because they
are quick and convenient. However, if for any reason you want to enter all the words in
a command, there is an alternative to manually entering every character. You can use
the Tab Completion function to spell out any word. Just type part of the word and then
press your tab key. It will complete the word. As shown in the earlier command in this
lab you can type “sh ver” and press the tab key. The word “version” will be spelled out.

48 ICND1: Cisco IOS
!
hostname Router
[cut]
7. You can delete the startup-config file by using the command erase startup-config.
Once you perform this command, you will receive an error if you try to view the startup-
config file.
Router#erase startup-config
Erasing the nvram file system will remove all configuration files! Continue?
[confirm] (press Enter)
[OK]
Erase of nvram: complete
Router#
00:13:30: %SYS-7-NV_BLOCK_INIT: Initialized the geometry of ...
[cut]
8. Verify that you have erased the startup configuration.
Router#sh start
startup-config is not present
Router#
Lab 1.6: Setting Passwords
There are five passwords used to secure Cisco routers.
NN The first two passwords discussed in this lab are used to set your enable password,
which is used to secure privileged mode. This will prompt a user for a password when
the enable command is used.
NN The other three are used to configure a password when user mode is accessed either
through the console port, the auxiliary port, or Telnet.

Lab Steps
console screen.
Router>
Router>enable
4. Set the two enable passwords on your router. You set the enable passwords from
Global Configuration mode.
Router(config)#enable ?
last-resort Define enable action if no TACACS servers respond
Network Layout

50 ICND1: Cisco IOS
password Assign the privileged level password
secret Assign the privileged level secret
use-tacacs Use TACACS to check enable passwords
The enable secret and enable password commands are the only enable passwords
that are supported in our program at this time.
Router(config)#enable secret todd
Router(config)#enable password cisco
Since the enable secret supercedes the enable password, don’t bother to use the
enable password since it will never be used if the enable secret is set.
5. Set your user mode passwords by using the line command.
Router(config)#line ?
aux Auxiliary line
console Primary terminal line
tty Terminal controller
vty Virtual terminal
x/y Slot/Port for Modems
x/y/z Slot/Subslot/Port for Modems
NN Router(config)#line Aux is used to set the user-mode password for the auxiliary
port. This is typically used for configuring a modem on the router but can be used
as a console as well.
NN Console is used to set a console user-mode password.
NN Vty is used to set a Telnet password on the router. If the password is not set, then
Telnet cannot be used by default.
NN This program does not support the tty and x/y and x/y/y modem line commands.
To configure the user mode passwords, you configure the line you want and use either
the login or no login command to tell the router to prompt for authentication.
6. Set the auxiliary password on your router. To configure the auxiliary password, go to
global configuration mode and type line aux?. Notice that you only get a choice of 0–0
because there is only one port.
Router#config t
Router(config)#line aux ?
Router(config)#line aux 0

Router(config-line)#login
% Login disabled on line 65, until 'password' is set
Router(config-line)#password todd
It is important to remember the login command, or the auxiliary port won’t prompt for
authentication. However, in the newer IOS that we are now running, the login command
cannot be set until you set a password. The reason they added this feature is because if
you set the login command and not a password, you are locked out from that line.
7. Set your console password on your router. To set the console password, use the line
console 0 command. However, notice that when we tried to type line console 0 ? from
the aux line configuration, we got an error. You can still type line console 0 and it will
accept it; however, the help screens do not work from that prompt. Type Exit to get
back one level if you want to use the help option.
Router(config-line)#line console ?
% Unrecognized command
Router(config)#line console ?
Router(config)#line console 0
% Login disabled on line 0, until 'password' is set
Router(config-line)#password todd1
Since there is only one console port, we can only choose line console 0. The new login
feature works on the console line too.
8. Set the optional console port commands on your router. There are a few other impor-
tant commands to know for the console port.
The exec-timeout 0 0 command sets the timeout for the console EXEC session to
zero, or to never time out. To have fun with your friends at work, set it to 0 1, which
makes the console time out in 1 second! The way to fix that is to continually press the
down arrow key while changing the timeout time with your free hand.
Logging synchronous is a nice command, and I think it should be a default command,
but it is not. What this command provides is to stop console messages from popping up
and disrupting input you are trying to type. This command makes reading your input
messages much easier.
Here is an example of how to configure both commands:
Router(config)#line con 0
Router(config-line)#exec-timeout ?
<0-35791> Timeout in minutes

52 ICND1: Cisco IOS
Router(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 ?
<0-2147483> Timeout in seconds
<cr>
Router(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0
Router(config-line)#logging synchronous
9. Set your Telnet password on your router. To set the user-mode password for Telnet
access into the router, use the line vty command.
Router(config)#line vty 0 ?
<1-4> Last Line number
<cr>
Router(config)#line vty 0 1180
Router(config-line)#password todd2
Notice we did not use the login command with this line configuration. The login com-
mand is set by default on the VTY lines, which stops anyone telneting into the router until
you set a password.
If you try to telnet into a router that does not have a VTY password set, you will
receive an error stating that the connection is refused because the password is not set.
You can tell the router to allow Telnet connections without a password by using the no
login command.
By setting this next command, you will not be prompted for password when telneting
into the router. This is not recommended, but this is how you would do that:
Router(config-line)#line vty 0 4
Router(config-line)#no login
Router(config-line)#ctrl+z
Router#
After your routers are configured with an IP address, you can use the Telnet program to
configure and check your routers. You can use the Telnet program by typing telnet from
any command prompt (DOS or Cisco).
Lab 1.7: Encrypting Your Passwords
Only the enable secret password is encrypted by default. You need to manually configure
the user mode and enable passwords.

Lab Steps
console screen.
Change to the privileged mode.
Router>
Router>enable
3. Notice that you can see all the passwords except the enable secret when performing
a show running-config command on a router.
Router#sh run
Network Layout

54 ICND1: Cisco IOS
!
version 12.4
service timestamps debug uptime
service timestamps log uptime
!
hostname Router
!
enable secret 5 $1$F/gZ$mNTwylb4ZJ4J1WW97nUJG.
enable password cisco
!
[output cut]
line con 0
password todd1
logging synchronous
login
line aux 0
password todd
login
line vty 0 4
password todd2
login
line vty 5 15
password todd2
login
!
!
end
Router#
The line ... enable secret 5 $1$F/gZ$mNTwylb4ZJ4J1WW97nUJG shows an encrypted
enable password.
4. To manually encrypt your passwords, use the service password-encryption command.
Here is an example of how to perform manual password encryption.
Router#config t
Router(config)#service password-encryption
Router(config)#exit

5. The show running-config command, you can see the enable password and the line
passwords are all encrypted. If you don’t type show running-config, it does not
encrypt the passwords.
Router#show running-config
[cut]
hostname Router
!
enable secret 5 $1$F/gZ$mNTwylb4ZJ4J1WW97nUJG.
enable password 7 05080F1C2243
!
[cut]
!
line con 0
password 7 111D16011343
logging synchronous
login
line aux 0
password 7 044F04020B
login
line vty 0 4
password 7 051F090B251E
login
line vty 5 15
password 7 105A061D0145
login
!
6. Since the service password-encryption is a router process, you do not want to keep this
running in the background. Once you perform a show running-config and see the
encrypted passwords, turn off the process. After entering the command no service
password-encryption, your passwords will still be encrypted until they are reset.
Router#config t
Router(config)#no service password-encryption
Router(config)#ctrl+z

56 ICND1: Cisco IOS
Lab 1.8: Saving Your Configurations
If you have made changes to a device you will want to permanently save the configurations.
Your running configuration is only in memory and if something happened; for example,
if you lost power to a device, you would lose all unsaved entries. That is why you want to
save your running configurations (DRAM) to the permanently stored startup configurations
(NVRAM). You can manually save the file from DRAM to NVRAM by using the copy
running-config startup-config command. You can also use the shortcut copy run start.
Lab Steps
1. Save the configuration on 2811 Router A.
Router#copy run start
Destination filename [startup-config]?enter
Network Layout

Lab 1.9: Setting Router Banners 57
This will now place the file you created into NVRAM, which will be used the next
time the router is booted up.
2. You can view this file with the show startup config command.
Router#show start
Lab 1.9: Setting Router Banners
You can set a banner on a Cisco®
router so that when either a user logs into the router or
an administrator telnets into the router, for example, a banner will give them information
you want them to have. Another reason for having a banner is to add a security notice to
users dialing into your internetwork.
Network Layout

58 ICND1: Cisco IOS
The command to use is from global configuration mode and shown below:
Router(config)#banner ?
LINE c banner-text c, where 'c' is a delimiting character
exec Set EXEC process creation banner
incoming Set incoming terminal line banner
login Set login banner
motd Set Message of the Day banner
prompt-timeout Set Message for login authentication timeout
slip-ppp Set Message for SLIP/PPP
This program only supports the MOTD banner.
console screen.
2. The Message of the Day is the most used and gives a message to every person dialing in
or connecting to the router, via Telnet, auxiliary port, or console port.
Router(config)#banner motd ?
LINE c banner-text c, where 'c' is a delimiting character
Router(config)#banner motd #
Enter TEXT message. End with the character '#'.
If you are not authorized to be in RouterSim.com network, then you must
disconnect immediately.
#
Router(config)#ctrl+z
Router#
00:25:12: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
Router#exit
Press RETURN to get started.
If you are not authorized to be in RouterSim.com network, then you must
disconnect immediately.
Router>

Lab 1.10: Configuring Interfaces
for the 2621 Router
Interface configuration is one of the most important configurations of the router. Without
interfaces, the router is useless. Interface configurations must be exact to be able to com-
municate with other devices. Interface configuration will be presented for three different
devices (in labs 1.10 - 1.12) so that you can see differences among the interfaces:
N 2621 Router
NN 2811 Router
N 3560 Switch
Network Layout

60 ICND1: Cisco IOS
Interfaces correspond to the physical ports available on a device. In this instance the
2621 router has two serial ports and two Fast Ethernet ports:
NN s0/0
NN s0/1
NN fa0/0
NN fa0/1
As you read through the following steps you will notice a correspondence between inter-
face and port names. This means you have to use the same names or shortcut commands as
the names of the ports.
Lab Steps
1. On the Network Visualizer screen, double-click on 2621 Router A. This will bring up
a console screen.
Router>
Router>enable
4. Change to the Global Configuration mode.
Router#config
Router(config)#

5. Type interface ? to see all the interfaces available on the router.
BRI ISDN Basic Rate Interface
Lex Lex interface
Null Null interface
The output will vary depending on the type of router device you are connected to.
6. Type the command interface serial ?. To configure the 2621 router interfaces, the con-
figuration would be interface type slot/port. The output below shows a 2621 router
with 2 serial interfaces, which are labeled 0/0 and 0/1. The first option is the slot and
the second option is the port. Each 2621 has two slots that can be filled with physical
interfaces. The routers we use in this program only have interfaces in slot 0.
Router(config)#interface serial ?
<0-1> Serial interface number
Router(config)#int serial 0
Router(config)#int serial 0?
/
Router(config)#int serial 0/?
7. At this point you must choose the interface you want to configure. Once you do that,
you will be in interface configuration for that interface. The command to choose serial
port 1, for example, would be:
Router(config)#interface serial 0/1
Router(config-if)#exit

62 ICND1: Cisco IOS
8. The 2621 router also has two FastEthernet 10/100BaseT ports. For example, the
FastEthernet interface configuration is shown below:
Router(config)#interface fastethernet ?
Router(config)#int fastethernet 0
Router(config)#int fastethernet 0?
/
Router(config)#int fastethernet 0/?
Notice that you cannot type int fastethernet 0/. You must type the full command,
which is type slot/port, or int fastethernet 0/0. You can type the shortcut int fa 0/0
as well.
you will be in interface configuration for that interface. The command to choose Fast
Ethernet port 1, for example, would be:
Router(config)#int fastethernet 0/1
Router(config)#>ctrl+z
Lab 1.11: Configuring Interfaces for the
2811 Router
Interface configuration is one of the most important configurations of the router. Without
interfaces, the router is useless. Interface configurations must be exact to be able to com-
NN 2621 Router
NN 2811 Router
NN 3560 Switch

2811 router has four serial ports and two Fast Ethernet ports:
NN s0/0/0
NN s0/0/1
NN s0/1/0
NN s0/1/1
NN fe0/0
NN fe0/1
Network Layout

64 ICND1: Cisco IOS
As you read through the following steps you will notice a correspondence between inter-
face and port names. This means you have to use the same names or shortcut commands as
the names of the ports.
Lab Steps
console screen.
Router>
Router>enable
Router#config
Router(config)#
CDMA-Ix CDMA Ix interface

Lex Lex interface
Null Null interface
Port-channel Ethernet Channel of interfaces
Serial Serial
Virtual-PPP Virtual PPP interface
XTagATM Extended Tag ATM interface
6. Type the command interface serial ?. To configure the 2811 router interfaces, the con-
figuration would be interface type router/slot/port. The output below shows a 2811
router with 2 serial interfaces, which are labeled 0/0/0 and 0/0/1. The first option is
the router, the second option is the slot, and the third option is the port. Each 2811 has
two slots that can be filled with physical interfaces.
Router(config)#interface serial ?
Router(config)#int serial 0
Router(config)#int serial 0?
/
Router(config)#int serial 0/?
Router(config)#int serial 0/0?
. / : <0-19>
Router(config)#int serial 0/0/
you will be in interface configuration for that interface. The command to choose serial
port 1, for example, would be:
Router(config)#interface serial 0/0/1

66 ICND1: Cisco IOS
8. The 2811 router also has two FastEthernet 10/100BaseT ports. For example, the
FastEthernet interface configuration is shown below:
Router(config)#interface fastethernet ?
Router(config)#int fastethernet 0
Router(config)#int fastethernet 0?
/
Router(config)#int fastethernet 0/?
which is type slot/port, or int fastethernet 0/0. You can type the shortcut int fa
0/0 as well.
you will be in interface configuration for that interface. The command to implement
FastEthernet port 1, for example, would be:
Router(config)#int fastethernet 0/1
Router(config)#>ctrl+z
Lab 1.12: Configuring Interfaces for the
3560 Switch
Interface configuration is one of the most important configurations of the switch. Without
interfaces, the switch is useless. Interface configurations must be exact to be able to com-
NN 2621 Router
NN 2811 Router
NN 3560 Switch

Lab 1.12: Configuring Interfaces for the 3560 Switch 67
3560 switch has eight Fast Ethernet ports. As you read through the following steps you will
notice a correspondence between interface and port names. This means you have to use the
same names or shortcut commands as the names of the ports.
Network Layout

68 ICND1: Cisco IOS
Lab Steps
1. On the Network Visualizer screen, double-click on 3560 Switch A. This will bring up a
console screen.
2. Press Enter and the Switch> prompt will appear. You are now in the user mode.
Switch>
Switch>enable
Switch#config
Switch(config)#
Switch(config)#interface ?
Filter Filter interface
Filtergroup Filter Group interface
GigabitEthernet GigabitEthernet IEEE 802.3z
Lex Lex interface
Null Null interface
Port-channel Ethernet Channel of interfaces
Portgroup Portgroup interface
Pos-channel POS Channel of interfaces

Vlan Catalyst Vlans
fcpa Fiber Channel
6. The 3560 switch has eight Fast Ethernet 10/100BaseT ports. For example, the Fast Eth-
ernet interface configuration is shown below:
Switchconfig)#interface fastethernet ?
Switch(config)#int fastethernet 0
Switch(config)#int fastethernet 0?
/
Switch(config)#int fastethernet 0/?
which is type slot/port, or int fastethernet 0/0. You can type the shortcut int fa
0/0 as well.
you will be in interface configuration for that interface. The command to implement
FastEthernet port 1, for example, would be:
Switch(config)#int fasthernet 0/1
Switch(config-if)#exit
Switch(config)#>ctrl+z
Lab 1.13: Bringing Up an Interface
By default, interfaces are shut down and turned off. That means that packets cannot travel
through the device to another connected device. You can turn an interface on with the no
shutdown command. You can turn off or shut down an interface with the shutdown com-
mand. You can check the status of an interface by using the show interface command.
If an interface is shut down, it will display administratively down when using the show
interface command, and the show running-config command will also show the interface
as shut down.

70 ICND1: Cisco IOS
Lab Steps
1. On the Network Visualizer screen, double-click 2621 Router A. This will bring up a
console screen.
Router>
Router>enable
4. Type show interface fastethernet 0 and see that it is administratively down.
Router#show int fa0/0
FastEthernet0/0 is administratively down, line protocol is up
[output cut]
Network Layout

5. Bring up interface FastEthernet 0/0 with the no shutdown command.
Router#config t
Router(config)#int fa0/0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#ctrl+z
00:57:08: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Fastethernet 0/0, changed state to up
00:57:09: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Fastethernet 0/0,
changed state to up
Router#sh int fa0/0
Fastethernet 0/0 is up, line protocol is up
6. Configure the router to enable all interfaces by issuing the no shutdown command on
all interfaces.
Interface and Connection States
There are four possible states that you can have in examining if interfaces are turned on
and devices properly connected.
FastEthernet Interface
FastEthernet0/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down There are a couple pos-
sibilities with this current state.
NN The two devices are not connected and each f0/0 interface on both routers is
explicitly shutdown.
NN The two devices are connected and each f0/0 interface on both routers is explicitly
shutdown.
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is down If the two devices are connected this output
means that one interface is turned up and the other interface f0/0 is shut down.
Router(config)#int f0/0
Router(config-if)#no shut
23:03:18 %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

72 ICND1: Cisco IOS
23:03:18 %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0,
changed state to up
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up This means that the routers are connected and
the interfaces are turned on for both routers with the no shut command.
Serial Interface
Serial0/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down There are a couple possibilities
with this current state.
NN The two devices are not connected and each s0/0 interface on both routers is
explicitly shutdown.
NN The two devices are connected and each s0/0 interface on both routers is explicitly
shutdown.
Serial0/0 is down, line protocol is down If the two devices are connected this output
means that one interface is turned up and the other interface s0/0 is shut down.
Router(config)#int s0/0
23:03:18 %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up
23:03:18 %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed
state to up
Serial0/0 is up, line protocol is up This means that the routers are connected and the
interfaces are turned on for both routers with the no shut command.

Lab 1.14: Configuring an IP Address on an Interface 73
Lab 1.14: Configuring an IP Address
on an Interface
You don’t have to use IP on your routers; however, IP is typically used on all routers and
it certainly is used in this program. To configure IP addresses on an interface, use the ip
address command from interface configuration mode.
Lab Steps
1. Configure the FastEthernet 0/0 interface on 2621 Router A with the IP address of
172.16.10.2/24.
Router#config t
Router(config)#int fa0/0
Network Layout

74 ICND1: Cisco IOS
Router(config-if)#ip address 172.16.10.2 255.255.255.0
Notice that in order to enable an interface, we use the no shut command. Remember
to look at the command show interface fa0/0, for example, which will show you if
it is administratively shut down or not. Showrunning-config will also show you if the
interface is shut down.
2. If you want to add a second subnet address to an interface, then you must use the sec-
ondary command.
If you type another IP address and press Enter, it will replace the existing IP address
and mask. To add a secondary IP address, use the secondary command.
Router(config-if)#ip address 172.16.20.2 255.255.255.0 secondary
3. You can verify both addresses are configured on the interface with the show running-
config command (show run for short).
Router#show run
Current configuration:
[output cut]
!
interface Fastethernet 0/0
IP address
Unique identification number for a device that is located on a network. An IP address is
equivalent to the address of your home. The format of an IP address is a 32-bit numeric
address written as four numbers separated by periods. Each number can be zero to
255. For example, 172.16.10.6 could be an IP address.
Subnet Address
Is a range of logical addresses within the address space of an organization. This allows
you to take one network and turn it into many more, smaller networks. This allows for
less network traffic on each network and faster and more efficient networks.

ip address 172.16.20.2 255.255.255.0 secondary
ip address 172.16.10.2 255.255.255.0
Lab 1.15: Serial Interface Commands
To configure a serial interface, there are a couple of specifics that need to be discussed.
Serial Interface
You have a connection between two devices where data is sent between the two, one
bit at a time. This occurs in only one direction at a time.

76 ICND1: Cisco IOS
Typically, when in production, the interface will be attached to a CSU/DSU type of
device that provides clocking for the line. However, if you have a back-to-back configura-
tion used in a lab environment, for example, one end must provide clocking. This would
be the DCE end of the cable. Cisco routers, by default, are all DTE devices, and you must
tell an interface to provide clocking if it is to act as a DCE device. If you don’t completely
understand this right now, don’t worry, you will. Just run through the commands below for
now and I promise it will become clear to you later.
CSU/DSU
A telecommunication device used to connect a carrier circuit to a router. The carrier
circuit can be a DS1 or DS3, T1 or T3. The CSU/DSU converts the DS1 signal into signal
that the local network can understand. The CSU/DSU also converts the signal from the
local network into a DS1 signal so it can be carried back across the DS1 circuit.
Network Layout

Lab Steps
1. Double-click on router 2621 Router A to bring up the console. Go to the privileged
mode.
2. You can configure a DCE serial interface with the clock rate command. Configure an
interface that has a DCE connection.
Router#config t
Router(config)#int s0/0
Router(config-if)#clock rate ?
Speed (bits per second)
1200
2400
4800
9600
19200
38400
56000
64000
72000
125000
148000
250000
500000
800000
1000000
1300000
2000000
4000000
<300-4000000> Choose clockrate from list above
Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000
Router(config-if)#int s0/1
Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000
It does not hurt anything to try and put a clock rate on an interface. Notice that the
clock rate command is in bits per second.
If you are not on an interface that is set to DCE, you will receive an error
when trying this command.

78 ICND1: Cisco IOS
3. The next command you need to understand is the bandwidth command. Every Cisco
router ships with a default serial link bandwidth of a T1, or 1.544Mbps. However,
understand that this has nothing to do with how data is transferred over a link. The
bandwidth of a serial link is used by routing protocols such as IGRP, EIGRP, and
OSPF to calculate the best cost to a remote network. If you are using RIP routing, then
the bandwidth setting of a serial link is irrelevant.
Router(config-if)#bandwidth ?
<1-10000000> Bandwidth in kilobits
Router(config-if)#bandwidth 64
4. Notice that unlike the clock rate command, the bandwidth command is configured
in kilobits.
Lab 1.16: Setting the Router Hostnames
You can uniquely identify a device by giving it a hostname; you use the hostname com-
mand. This is only locally significant for the administrator, which means it has no bearing
on how the router performs name lookups on the internetwork.
On a router the default hostname is Router and Switch on switches. This
stays in effect until you intentionally change the hostname.
Lab Steps
1. Set the hostname of 2621 Router A.
Router#config t
Router(config)#hostname 2621A
2621A(config)#
2. Notice that when you press Enter the command takes effect immediately.

Lab 1.17: Setting Interface Descriptions 79
Lab 1.17: Setting Interface Descriptions
Setting descriptions on an interface is helpful to the administrator and, like the hostname,
only locally significant. For example, this is a helpful command because it can be used to
keep track of circuit numbers.
Network Layout

80 ICND1: Cisco IOS
Lab Steps
1. On 2621 Router A, set the description of interface FastEthernet 0/0 to Sales LAN and
the serial 0/0 interface to WAN to Miami with a circuit number of 6fdda4321.
2621A(config)#int fa0/0
2621A(config-if)#description Sales LAN
2621A(config-if)#int s0/0
2621A(config-if)#desc Wan to Miami circuit:6fdda4321
2. You can view the description of an interface either with the show running-config
command or the show interface command.
2621A#show run
[output cut]
interface FastEthernet0/0
Network Layout

description Sales LAN
ip address 172.16.20.2 255.255.255.0 secondary
ip address 172.16.10.2 255.255.255.0
no ip directed-broadcast
!
interface Serial0/0
description Wan to Miami circuit:6fdda4321
no ip address
no ip directed-broadcast
shutdown
2621A#show int fa0/0
FastEthernet 0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is AmdFE, address is 00b0.6483.2120 (bia 00b0.6483.2120)
Description: Sales LAN
[cut]
2621A#show int s0/0
Serial 0/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Hardware is HD64570
Description: Wan to Miami circuit:6fdda4321
[cut]
2621A#
Lab 1.18: Verifying Your Configuration
Once you take a look at the running-config, and it appears that everything is in order, you
can verify your configuration with utilities, like Ping and Telnet.
Troubleshooting Tip
If you have a local host, to remote host connection issue ...
NN Use the ping command to ping your PC’s local ip address
NN Use the ping command to ping your PC’s default gateway
NN Ping the ip address of the machine or web page you are trying to reach
NN Traceroute the ip address of the machine or web page you are trying to reach
Depending on which of the above tasks fail is where you should begin your search for
the connection issue. Always make sure to check if your subnets and mask are correct
from end to end.

82 ICND1: Cisco IOS
Lab Steps
1. Bring up the console for 2621 Router A.
2. You can ping with different protocols, and you can see this by typing ping ? at the
router user mode or privileged mode prompt, but not configuration mode.
Network Layout
Ping
A diagnostic program that sees if a specific IP address is accessible. Packets are sent to
the specified location and if they return correctly, communication was successful. This
is used to verify connection to a remote host. Ping works at layer 3 of the OSI model.

2621A#ping ?
WORD Ping destination address or hostname
clns CLNS echo
ip IP echo
tag Tag encapsulated IP echo
<cr>
This program only supports IP ping at this time.
3. You can also use the traceroute program to find the path a packet takes as it traverses
an internetwork. Traceroute can also be used with multiple protocols.
2621A#traceroute ?
WORD Trace route to destination address or hostname
appletalk AppleTalk Trace
clns ISO CLNS Trace
ip IP Trace
ipv6 IPv6 Trace
ipx IPX Tra
<cr>
This program only supports IP with the trace command.
4. Telnet can be used to test IP connectivity and to gain access into remote routers. Once
you gain access into the remote router you can interact with the device as though you
are physically in front of it. From the router prompt, you do not need to type the telnet
command. If you just type a hostname or IP address, it will assume you want to telnet.
The following example shows how to use Telnet from a router prompt. However, you
need to have a configured a working network and destination host for Telnet to be suc-
cessful. We will use Telnet more in other labs.
2621A#telnet ?
WORD IP address or hostname of a remote system
<cr>
Traceroute
A TCP/IP utility that allows a user to determine if two computers are communicating
successfully with each other. This network tool is used to determine the route taken by
packets across an IP network. The time and location of the route taken to reach its des-
tination computer is displayed. Traceroute works at layer 3 of the OSI model.

84 ICND1: Cisco IOS
5. Another way to verify your configuration is by typing show interface commands. The first
command is show interface?, which shows us all the available configured or physical
interfaces for a device. The only interfaces that are not logical are FastEthernet and Serial.
2621A#show int ?
Null Null interface
Serial Serial
accounting Show interface accounting
crb Show interface routing/bridging info
dampening Show interface dampening info
description Show interface description
irb Show interface routing/bridging info
mac-accounting Show interface MAC accounting info
mpls-exp Show interface MPLS experimental accounting info
precedence Show interface precedence accounting info
rate-limit Show interface rate-limit info
<cr>
6. You can be specific with the command and use show interface fastethernet 0/0, or
serial 0/0.
2621A#show int fa0/0
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is AmdFE, address is 00b0.af40.3e18 (bia 00b0.af40.3e18)
Description: Sales Lan
Internet address is 172.16.10.2/24
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 100 usec,
reliablility 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
Keepalive set (10 sec)
Full -duplex, 100Mb/s, 100BaseTX/FX
ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
Last input 00:00:50, output 00:00:04, output hang never

Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Queueing strategy: fifo
Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 1000 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
588 packets input, 74628 bytes
Received 588 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored
0 watchdog, 0 multicast
0 input packets with dribble condition detected
231 packets output, 53712 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets
0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred
0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
--More--
[output cut]
7. Use the show controllers command to display information about the physical interface
itself. It will also give you the type of serial cable plugged into a serial port. Typically
this will only be a DTE cable, which then plugs into a type of Data Service Unit (DSU).
2621A#show controllers s 0/0
Interface Serial0/0
Hardware is PowerQUICC MPC860
DCE V.35, clock rate 64000
idb at 0x813CA7B4, driver data structure at 0x813D1CE8
[output cut]
8. Clear all configurations. You will want to clear the configurations for any router for
which you have entered information, up to this point. This will allow you to configure
the devices according to the suggested labs without any extraneous information.
2621A#erase startup-config
Erasing the nvram filesystem will remove all configuration files! Continue?
[con
firm]enter
[OK]
Erase of nvram: complete
2621A#
01:58:09: %SYS-7-NV_BLOCK_INIT: Initialized the geometry of nvram
2621A#reload
System configuration has been modified. Save? [yes/no]: no
Proceed with reload? [confirm] enter
Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]: n

234821765 ccna-virtual-lab

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