This document summarizes a study on the post-purchase behavior of customers who purchased the Hyundai i10 car in Chennai, India. The study aimed to identify customers' post-purchase behavior, satisfaction levels, and perceptions of after-sales service. A survey was conducted of 150 Hyundai i10 owners. The findings suggested that customers' income, age, and perceptions of value and delivery time influenced their satisfaction levels and expectations of after-sales service. The study provided recommendations to improve customer satisfaction and service.
A Study of Customer Purchasing Behaviour of Automobiles in Kukatpally, Hyderabadijtsrd
In this competitive world automobiles have become an important part of daily transportation and the competition between different automobile industries lead to the high level innovations in automobiles in order to reach the needs of people. This research attempts to answer some of the questions regarding brand personality of selected cars by conducting the survey. This research will help in knowing what a customer thinks about a given brand of car and what are the possible factors guiding a possible purchase. The main aim of this research is to analyse sales of a particular automobile company and to identify the advertisements and sales promotion activities adopted by the automobile companies. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the consumer purchase behaviour of automobiles. This research highlights the various factors which influence the consumer behaviour towards four wheeler, small sedan cars purchase decision and their behaviour and level of satisfaction. Dr. Mayuri Chaturvedi | Baddam Harish Reddy "A Study of Customer Purchasing Behaviour of Automobiles in Kukatpally, Hyderabad" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21376.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/consumer-behaviour/21376/a-study-of-customer-purchasing-behaviour-of-automobiles-in-kukatpally-hyderabad/dr-mayuri-chaturvedi
The study of Factors Affecting Consumer Preferences of Shopping at Organized ...IJAEMSJORNAL
The organized retail sector has experienced profound shift in the last decade due to change in the social, cultural & business environment. The primary focus of this research paper is consumer behavior & their shift towards organized retail shopping from traditional unorganized retail shopping taking into consideration of their purchasing pattern as well as shift in their perception which changes during their course of organized retail shopping experience. And also to check the hypothesis that the consumers prefer organized retail because of heavy discounts, ease of access and service delivery.This paper also highlights the challenges faced by retail industry.
Yesterdays Luxuries are Today’s Necessities-A Review on Luxury cars.IOSRJBM
This review article made an attempt to throw light on the luxury cars which has become today’s necessity and one of the important parameter in human life. The reviews made by the researchers before globalization and after globalization, have observed changes in this review paper.
A study of buying behaviour of working adults towards branded apparels in sel...Shubha Brota Raha
The Indian apparel market has demonstrated resilience and growth in an environment characterized by slow economic growth. The domestic apparel market, which was worth INR 207,400 crore (~USD 38 billion) as of 2012, is expected to grow at a compound average growth rate (CAGR) of 9% over the next decade. After food and grocery, it is the 2nd biggest category under organized as well as unorganized retail. Further, on 7 December 2012, the Federal Government of India allowed 51% FDI in multi-brand retail in India.
The face of Indian apparel market is changing very fast. A new class of customers with more money to spend, and a growing passion for fashion, has been generated by swift development and rising urbanization. In India’s high-growth, fast-changing retail clothing market, one can see significant new growth opportunities for foreign and domestic players. Much has been talked about all these issues viz. future of apparel retail in India, the impact of foreign players on the domestic apparel retailers etc. But we should not forget that customers are the end beneficiary of all the retail activities. As a democratic country with high growth rates, the consumer spending has risen sharply as the youth population (33 percent of India‘s population is below the age of 15) has seen a significant increase in its disposable income. The apparel fashion plays a paramount role in shaping apparel consumerism. As lifestyles change, fashion in India is becoming more diversified, as in the Western countries. Technology, ideas and lifestyles are moving concurrently and quickly. Indian market has high complexities in terms of a wide geographic spread and distinct consumer preferences varying by each region necessitating a need for localization even within the geographic zones. Companies and brands that offered monotonous and mundane products for years, have now multiplied their product ranges and new appealing styles, shapes and forms are being launched each season by them. Hence, it becomes crucial to find out the perception of customers towards the various retail developments in apparel segment and the factors responsible for choosing a particular apparel store.
In the view of the above, an attempt was made not only to analyze the customers’ perception towards various retail developments in apparel segment but also to find out their buying behaviour with special reference to three select regions in India – Delhi & NCR, Mumbai and Bangalore.
A Study of Customer Purchasing Behaviour of Automobiles in Kukatpally, Hyderabadijtsrd
In this competitive world automobiles have become an important part of daily transportation and the competition between different automobile industries lead to the high level innovations in automobiles in order to reach the needs of people. This research attempts to answer some of the questions regarding brand personality of selected cars by conducting the survey. This research will help in knowing what a customer thinks about a given brand of car and what are the possible factors guiding a possible purchase. The main aim of this research is to analyse sales of a particular automobile company and to identify the advertisements and sales promotion activities adopted by the automobile companies. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the consumer purchase behaviour of automobiles. This research highlights the various factors which influence the consumer behaviour towards four wheeler, small sedan cars purchase decision and their behaviour and level of satisfaction. Dr. Mayuri Chaturvedi | Baddam Harish Reddy "A Study of Customer Purchasing Behaviour of Automobiles in Kukatpally, Hyderabad" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21376.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/consumer-behaviour/21376/a-study-of-customer-purchasing-behaviour-of-automobiles-in-kukatpally-hyderabad/dr-mayuri-chaturvedi
The study of Factors Affecting Consumer Preferences of Shopping at Organized ...IJAEMSJORNAL
The organized retail sector has experienced profound shift in the last decade due to change in the social, cultural & business environment. The primary focus of this research paper is consumer behavior & their shift towards organized retail shopping from traditional unorganized retail shopping taking into consideration of their purchasing pattern as well as shift in their perception which changes during their course of organized retail shopping experience. And also to check the hypothesis that the consumers prefer organized retail because of heavy discounts, ease of access and service delivery.This paper also highlights the challenges faced by retail industry.
Yesterdays Luxuries are Today’s Necessities-A Review on Luxury cars.IOSRJBM
This review article made an attempt to throw light on the luxury cars which has become today’s necessity and one of the important parameter in human life. The reviews made by the researchers before globalization and after globalization, have observed changes in this review paper.
A study of buying behaviour of working adults towards branded apparels in sel...Shubha Brota Raha
The Indian apparel market has demonstrated resilience and growth in an environment characterized by slow economic growth. The domestic apparel market, which was worth INR 207,400 crore (~USD 38 billion) as of 2012, is expected to grow at a compound average growth rate (CAGR) of 9% over the next decade. After food and grocery, it is the 2nd biggest category under organized as well as unorganized retail. Further, on 7 December 2012, the Federal Government of India allowed 51% FDI in multi-brand retail in India.
The face of Indian apparel market is changing very fast. A new class of customers with more money to spend, and a growing passion for fashion, has been generated by swift development and rising urbanization. In India’s high-growth, fast-changing retail clothing market, one can see significant new growth opportunities for foreign and domestic players. Much has been talked about all these issues viz. future of apparel retail in India, the impact of foreign players on the domestic apparel retailers etc. But we should not forget that customers are the end beneficiary of all the retail activities. As a democratic country with high growth rates, the consumer spending has risen sharply as the youth population (33 percent of India‘s population is below the age of 15) has seen a significant increase in its disposable income. The apparel fashion plays a paramount role in shaping apparel consumerism. As lifestyles change, fashion in India is becoming more diversified, as in the Western countries. Technology, ideas and lifestyles are moving concurrently and quickly. Indian market has high complexities in terms of a wide geographic spread and distinct consumer preferences varying by each region necessitating a need for localization even within the geographic zones. Companies and brands that offered monotonous and mundane products for years, have now multiplied their product ranges and new appealing styles, shapes and forms are being launched each season by them. Hence, it becomes crucial to find out the perception of customers towards the various retail developments in apparel segment and the factors responsible for choosing a particular apparel store.
In the view of the above, an attempt was made not only to analyze the customers’ perception towards various retail developments in apparel segment but also to find out their buying behaviour with special reference to three select regions in India – Delhi & NCR, Mumbai and Bangalore.
It's one of the largest markets. It's growing like crazy, it's growing young and it's growing in dichotomies. The mystery that is India - the same India which buys a million dollar car and then worries about how much fuel it will consume. This is a short study of the Indian consumer mindset culled out from a book that captures it beautifully. It's a short version, for more entertainment you can't miss the book.
With the emergence of supermarkets, kirana stores have been depleting day by day. Government is in the grave situation to decide whether to allow 50% FDI or not in the retail sector. There are certain retail outlets such as Walmart, Metro which are better in quality, cheaper in rates, and offering a range and variety of products under one roof. These malls have entered in India but they are into cash and carry business only and not in the multi brand retail sector. Many of them have entered through joint ventures. If government allow them to enter in India, it can be said that all the small shops and kirana stores will not be able to stand in the market. They cannot compete with them. Now the question arise how the kirana stores can be saved from these big giants in the market. It is the need of the hour today to save these kirana stores because in a developing country like India where the income of an average man is low, such types of small business can make them able to earn their living. The present research is an attempt to find out the weaknesses of kirana stores as compared to the malls and to find out the solutions for the betterment of the stores. The research is conducted on various kirana stores in Punjab. The study identifies the problems being faced by kirana merchants such as recovery of credit, inventory management, goodwill in terms of quality, low space, and lack of variety etc. But during the research it has been found out that there are certain areas where these kirana stores have an edge over the market such as emotional attachment with the customer, to fulfil the timely need of credit of the customer, easy availability etc. It is concluded that both kirana stores and malls are important to the Indian economy. FDI is important for the growth of the economy but it should come for the rescue of the existing business and not as a threat. Secondly government intervention is seeked to make improvements in the functioning of the kirana stores. If kirana stores starts using their strategic advantages to the optimum level, they can make can make their existence strong in the market.
India Pre-owned Car Market Report - 1st Edition (2016)tarunbhatia1990
A first of its kind thought leadership study on the pre-owned car market in India. Seminal in nature, this report should be useful to all stakeholders in assessing the Indian pre-owned vehicle industry both domestically and in the global context.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RETAIL SECTOR OF INDIA AND AUSTRALIAIJCI JOURNAL
The economy of Australia and India is booming in the retail sector. All major business decisions affecting the world across are taken and dictated by this economy. The total number of retail businesses are around 140 000 in Australia which accounts for nearly 4.1% GDP and employment of 10.7%. the retail industry contribution from india is more then 13% of GDP in 2011.The retail industry has skilled quotes of labor productiveness increase during the last two many years comparable, on average, to that of the rest of the Australian economic system.
Analysing Purchasing Intention of Counterfeit Sportswear Products in Klang Va...IOSRJBM
Increased trading activity involving counterfeit goods was worrying and had become a main intimidation towards the economy. Fast innovative advancements, growth in sportswear industry and increased in government effort in promoting healthy lifestyle have helped foster the development of this issue. Relationship between consumers purchasing intention towards counterfeit sportswear, attitude towards counterfeit sportswear, subjective norms and perceived behavior control were analyzed in the context of Malaysia using Theory of Planned Behavior as the underpinning theory with moderate impact of moral judgement. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires that were distributed to 454 respondents at shopping malls and night markets in Klang Valley. This paper used Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Linear Regression analysis to study the purchasing behavior towards counterfeit sportswear. Results showed that except for perceived behavior control which shows insignificant relationship, all other independent variables were significantly and positively related to the dependent variable. This study could help related parties such as the government agencies, genuine marketers and product producers to understand better why consumers prefer counterfeit sportswear products
Growth Story of Online Retailing & E-Commerce in IndiaRHIMRJ Journal
On 14 September 2014 business standard has highlighted that “Cash may no longer be king”. Growth in
transactions has happened on the back of a huge network expansion from 98074 ATM in May 2012 to 164491 now. In the
same period the number of POS terminals, too, jumped from 671834 to over a million now. The Indian Online Retail is a rich
segment waiting to be exploited. Internet is a potent medium that can serve as a unique platform for the growth of retail brands
in India. The medium holds many virtues favorable for the retail industry including a higher customer penetration, increased
visibility, and convenient operations. The current web-based models for e-tailing are part of an embryonic phase preceding an
era of rapid transformation, challenge, and opportunity in Indian retail market. The Indian retail market is witnessing a
revolution. The growth of internet has enabled the new retail format of the virtual retailer to emerge and forced the existing
retailers to consider e-tailing model of retailing as well.
to measure the Impact of sales promotion on personal care products vs consume...Sunny Gandhi
impact of sales promotion, communications, consumer electronics, personal care products, aida model research, cognition affection and behaviour with sales promoton, demographics and response to sales promotion.
It's one of the largest markets. It's growing like crazy, it's growing young and it's growing in dichotomies. The mystery that is India - the same India which buys a million dollar car and then worries about how much fuel it will consume. This is a short study of the Indian consumer mindset culled out from a book that captures it beautifully. It's a short version, for more entertainment you can't miss the book.
With the emergence of supermarkets, kirana stores have been depleting day by day. Government is in the grave situation to decide whether to allow 50% FDI or not in the retail sector. There are certain retail outlets such as Walmart, Metro which are better in quality, cheaper in rates, and offering a range and variety of products under one roof. These malls have entered in India but they are into cash and carry business only and not in the multi brand retail sector. Many of them have entered through joint ventures. If government allow them to enter in India, it can be said that all the small shops and kirana stores will not be able to stand in the market. They cannot compete with them. Now the question arise how the kirana stores can be saved from these big giants in the market. It is the need of the hour today to save these kirana stores because in a developing country like India where the income of an average man is low, such types of small business can make them able to earn their living. The present research is an attempt to find out the weaknesses of kirana stores as compared to the malls and to find out the solutions for the betterment of the stores. The research is conducted on various kirana stores in Punjab. The study identifies the problems being faced by kirana merchants such as recovery of credit, inventory management, goodwill in terms of quality, low space, and lack of variety etc. But during the research it has been found out that there are certain areas where these kirana stores have an edge over the market such as emotional attachment with the customer, to fulfil the timely need of credit of the customer, easy availability etc. It is concluded that both kirana stores and malls are important to the Indian economy. FDI is important for the growth of the economy but it should come for the rescue of the existing business and not as a threat. Secondly government intervention is seeked to make improvements in the functioning of the kirana stores. If kirana stores starts using their strategic advantages to the optimum level, they can make can make their existence strong in the market.
India Pre-owned Car Market Report - 1st Edition (2016)tarunbhatia1990
A first of its kind thought leadership study on the pre-owned car market in India. Seminal in nature, this report should be useful to all stakeholders in assessing the Indian pre-owned vehicle industry both domestically and in the global context.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RETAIL SECTOR OF INDIA AND AUSTRALIAIJCI JOURNAL
The economy of Australia and India is booming in the retail sector. All major business decisions affecting the world across are taken and dictated by this economy. The total number of retail businesses are around 140 000 in Australia which accounts for nearly 4.1% GDP and employment of 10.7%. the retail industry contribution from india is more then 13% of GDP in 2011.The retail industry has skilled quotes of labor productiveness increase during the last two many years comparable, on average, to that of the rest of the Australian economic system.
Analysing Purchasing Intention of Counterfeit Sportswear Products in Klang Va...IOSRJBM
Increased trading activity involving counterfeit goods was worrying and had become a main intimidation towards the economy. Fast innovative advancements, growth in sportswear industry and increased in government effort in promoting healthy lifestyle have helped foster the development of this issue. Relationship between consumers purchasing intention towards counterfeit sportswear, attitude towards counterfeit sportswear, subjective norms and perceived behavior control were analyzed in the context of Malaysia using Theory of Planned Behavior as the underpinning theory with moderate impact of moral judgement. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires that were distributed to 454 respondents at shopping malls and night markets in Klang Valley. This paper used Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Linear Regression analysis to study the purchasing behavior towards counterfeit sportswear. Results showed that except for perceived behavior control which shows insignificant relationship, all other independent variables were significantly and positively related to the dependent variable. This study could help related parties such as the government agencies, genuine marketers and product producers to understand better why consumers prefer counterfeit sportswear products
Growth Story of Online Retailing & E-Commerce in IndiaRHIMRJ Journal
On 14 September 2014 business standard has highlighted that “Cash may no longer be king”. Growth in
transactions has happened on the back of a huge network expansion from 98074 ATM in May 2012 to 164491 now. In the
same period the number of POS terminals, too, jumped from 671834 to over a million now. The Indian Online Retail is a rich
segment waiting to be exploited. Internet is a potent medium that can serve as a unique platform for the growth of retail brands
in India. The medium holds many virtues favorable for the retail industry including a higher customer penetration, increased
visibility, and convenient operations. The current web-based models for e-tailing are part of an embryonic phase preceding an
era of rapid transformation, challenge, and opportunity in Indian retail market. The Indian retail market is witnessing a
revolution. The growth of internet has enabled the new retail format of the virtual retailer to emerge and forced the existing
retailers to consider e-tailing model of retailing as well.
to measure the Impact of sales promotion on personal care products vs consume...Sunny Gandhi
impact of sales promotion, communications, consumer electronics, personal care products, aida model research, cognition affection and behaviour with sales promoton, demographics and response to sales promotion.
ANALYSING ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN CONSUMER DECISION MAKING FOR PURCHASE OF AU...IAEME Publication
Changing market dynamics has led to Consumerization of Indian Automobile Industry posing innumerable challenges for the car manufacturers. The demand in the industry today is not just for a car as a product but a bundled “experience package.” Companies can respond to these challenges and create competitive differentiators by leveraging digital technology. In today’s world of digitization, social media provides a wide platform not only to companies for their marketing and promotional activities but also to customers to conduct information search and make purchase decisions. Over the years, the internet has become a major source of consumer sponsored communication floating information, feedback, ideas and sentiments faster than the corporate communication department. It influences different aspects of consumer behavior including awareness, information, acquisition, opinions, attitudes, purchase behavior and post-purchase communication and evaluation. Looking into the strategic role of social media in promotion of passenger cars in India, the paper tries to understand the changing consumer perception towards social media and its role in consumer decision making. At the same time it also empirically derives a consumer–centric methodology for social media marketing by car manufacturers in India.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
India’s automotive industry is well-positioned for growth, servicing both domestic demand and, increasingly, export opportunities. A predicted increase in India’s working-age population is likely to help stimulate the burgeoning market for private vehicles.
Comparison between Maruti Suzuki, Mahindra & Mahindra, Tata Motors and Toyota
tata project about customer satisfaction . consumer satisfaction towards service provided by bellad motors koppal district karnataka india. tata motors history. 4 whellers discription
What are the main advantages of using HR recruiter services.pdfHumanResourceDimensi1
HR recruiter services offer top talents to companies according to their specific needs. They handle all recruitment tasks from job posting to onboarding and help companies concentrate on their business growth. With their expertise and years of experience, they streamline the hiring process and save time and resources for the company.
Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit and TemplatesAurelien Domont, MBA
This Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit was created by ex-McKinsey, Deloitte and BCG Management Consultants, after more than 5,000 hours of work. It is considered the world's best & most comprehensive Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit. It includes all the Frameworks, Best Practices & Templates required to successfully undertake the Digital Transformation of your organization and define a robust IT Strategy.
Editable Toolkit to help you reuse our content: 700 Powerpoint slides | 35 Excel sheets | 84 minutes of Video training
This PowerPoint presentation is only a small preview of our Toolkits. For more details, visit www.domontconsulting.com
Unveiling the Secrets How Does Generative AI Work.pdfSam H
At its core, generative artificial intelligence relies on the concept of generative models, which serve as engines that churn out entirely new data resembling their training data. It is like a sculptor who has studied so many forms found in nature and then uses this knowledge to create sculptures from his imagination that have never been seen before anywhere else. If taken to cyberspace, gans work almost the same way.
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𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 (𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
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"𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲, 𝐚 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲. 𝐖𝐞 𝐚𝐥𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐚 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬."
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...dylandmeas
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey through Full Sail University. Below, you’ll find a collection of my work showcasing my skills and expertise in digital marketing, event planning, and media production.
Business Valuation Principles for EntrepreneursBen Wann
This insightful presentation is designed to equip entrepreneurs with the essential knowledge and tools needed to accurately value their businesses. Understanding business valuation is crucial for making informed decisions, whether you're seeking investment, planning to sell, or simply want to gauge your company's worth.
Cracking the Workplace Discipline Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
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Although discipline is not a one-size-fits-all approach, it can help create a work environment that encourages personal growth and accountability rather than solely relying on punitive measures.
In this deck, you will learn the significance of workplace discipline for organisational success. You’ll also learn
• Four (4) workplace discipline methods you should consider
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Premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions for Modern BusinessesSynapseIndia
Stay ahead of the curve with our premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions. Our expert developers utilize MongoDB, Express.js, AngularJS, and Node.js to create modern and responsive web applications. Trust us for cutting-edge solutions that drive your business growth and success.
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Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
www.seribangash.com
Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
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1. Volume:01, Number:05, Sep-2011 Page 267
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A STUDY ON POST PURCHASE BEHAVIOUR OF CUSTOMERS OF
HYUNDAI i10 IN CHENNAI CITY, TAMILNADU, INDIA-AN
EMPIRICAL STUDY
Dr.S.Ramanathan,
Dean, CARE School of Business Management,
Trichy, Tamilandu, India
Dr.P.Balasubramaniyan,
Associate Professor,
Department of Commerce,
Hindu College,
Tirunelveli,
Tamilnadu, India
Dr.S.Balakrishnan,
Associate Professor,
Vivekananda Institute of Information and Management studies,
Tiruchencode
Abstract
This study focuses on the post purchase behavior of customers of Hyundai with special
reference to the new variant i10 in Chennai city. This study helps to identify the post purchase
behavior of customers of Hyundai i10 especially in Chennai city.
This study also helps to identify the satisfaction level of customers of Hyundai i10 and the
effectiveness of after sales service.
The sample size was taken as 150. The data from the customers were collected through
questionnaire. Descriptive research was adopted in conducting the study. The statistical tools
such as percentage analysis, chi square analysis and multiple regression analysis were used
for the analysis of the study.
This study also suggests the ways to improve the satisfaction level and after sales service of
customers of i10 and gives a clear picture of the opinion of the customers towards Hyundai
i10.
2. Volume:01, Number:05, Sep-2011 Page 268
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Introduction
This study focuses on the post purchase behavior of customers of Hyundai with
special reference to the new variant i10 in Chennai city. This study helps to identify the post
purchase behavior of customers of Hyundai i10 especially in Chennai city.
This study also helps to identify the satisfaction level of customers of Hyundai i10
and the effectiveness of after sales service.
The sample size was taken as 150. The data from the customers were collected
through questionnaire. Descriptive research was adopted in conducting the study. The
statistical tools such as percentage analysis, chi square analysis and multiple regression
analysis were used for the analysis of the study.
This study also suggests the ways to improve the satisfaction level and after sales
service of customers of i10 and gives a clear picture of the opinion of the customers towards
Hyundai i10.
The automotive Industry directly and indirectly employs 13 million individuals in
India. The industry is valued at about US$ 35 billion contributing about 3.1% of India’s GDP
(nominal). India’s cost-competitive auto components industry is the 2nd largest in the
world. In addition, India’s motorcycle market is also the 2nd largest in the world with
annual sales of around 5million units (Bernard: 2008)
The high growth in the Indian economy has resulted in all major international car
manufacturers entering the Indian market. General Motors, Ford, Toyota, Honda, Hyundai
and others set up manufacturing plants. Rolls Royce, Bentley and Maybach are examples of
the few high end automobile manufacturers which entered India in the recent years. Then on
January 2008, Tata Motors launched Tata Nano, as the world’s cheapest car in the passenger
car segment at $2500.
Maruti registered a 2.1% decline in volumes while Hyundai’s i10 wrested the market
share in the A2 segment in March 2008.Hyundai Motor India crossed the 500,000 mark in
exports. HMIL doubled its production capacity from 300,000 units to 600,000 units p.a.
This has led to an increased target production of 5.3 lakh units and export to 2.12 lakh
units with the i10, Santro, Getz and Accent models on the export list for 2008. Some of the
major characteristics of Indian Automobile sector are: Second largest two-wheeler market in
the world. Also it ranked as Fourth largest commercial vehicle market in the world and 11th
largest passenger car market in the world. It is expected to become the world's third
largest automobile market by 2030, behind only China and the US. (Source:
www.iloveindia.com/economy of India)
The passenger car industry in India has grown steadily during the last few years
except during the year 2000-01 when there was negative growth due to global economic
recession. Passenger car industry in India has 15 manufacturers with an installed capacity of
12, 37,000 units.
3. Volume:01, Number:05, Sep-2011 Page 269
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Hyundai Motor India Limited (HMIL) and i10 Branded car
HMIL is a wholly owned subsidiary of Hyundai Motor Company, South Korea and is
the second largest and the fastest growing car manufacturers in India. HMIL presently
markets 34 variants of passenger cars across segments. The production management
processes at Hyundai Motor India are overlaid with an organization-wide implementation of
manufacturing best practices like Just-in-time inventory management, Kaizen, TPM and
TQM, that helps in making the world's best cars in India. HMIL has many awards in its
bouquet. Hyundai’s i10 has captured the entire gamut of the most prestigious of Indian
automobile awards with its distinction and performance.
Taking advantage of the demand for more small cars in the Indian auto industry,
Hyundai rolled out i10 with a powerful engine and an upscale interior. It is one of India's
most popular 'B+' segment small cars. It is built to take on sub-compact segment cars such as
the Chevrolet Spark, Maruti Suzuki Zen Estilo, Maruti Suzuki WagonR, and Tata Indica
Xeta.
The well-equipped i10 is an affordable small car and a perfect combination of
superior technology, roomy interiors, and the stamp of reliability. It gains the confidence of
car enthusiasts with its aerodynamic design, array of standard convenience and comfort
features, and luxurious fittings. It comes with all elements that would please a buyer
looking for a small family car at an affordable price.
Need for the Study
Understanding of consumer negative perceptions, fears, inhibitions, and anxieties is
one of the critical aspects of consumer buying behavior.
Marketers also need to understand the consumer’s preferences and fears, needs and
perceptions thoroughly before attempting to deal with their behavior. Here arises the
need for the study.
The study helps the Company to know about satisfaction level and preference of the
customers of i10 and the customers’ expectations regarding the after sales service.
The study has the following objectives
To identify the post purchase behavior of customers of Hyundai i10 car.
To identify the customers satisfaction level and
To find the effectiveness of after sales service provided to Hyundai i10.
Hypotheses of the Study
There is significant relation between income and factors influencing customer to buy
Hyundai i10
There is significant relation between income and people perception about i10 value
There is significant relation between age and customer expectation.
Overall satisfaction of the customers and the factors that contribute overall
satisfaction was positively contributed.
Overall satisfaction of the customers with delivery time and after sales service has
positive contribution
4. Volume:01, Number:05, Sep-2011 Page 270
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Review of previous studies
There are number of studies conducted on the researched areas on different brands all
over the world. Here the researchers concentrate few of meaningful literature to find out the
research gap. Engel et al. define consumer behaviour as "... those activities directly involved
in obtaining, consuming, and disposing of products and services, including the decision
processes that precede and follow these actions." (1993, p. 4). Thus, in the marketing context,
the term 'consumer behaviour' refers not only to the act of purchase itself but to any pre- and
post-purchase activities (Foxall, 1985, 1997; Ennew, 1993). Pre-purchase activities would
include the growing awareness of a want or need, and the search for and evaluation of
information about the product and brands that might satisfy it. Post-purchase activities would
include the evaluation of the purchased item in use, and any attempt to reduce feelings of
anxiety which frequently accompany the purchase of expensive and infrequently bought
items like consumer durables. Each of these has implications for purchase and repurchase and
they are amenable to marketing communications and the other elements of the marketing
mix. Our understanding of both consumer behaviour and the capacity of marketing activities
to influence it rest on knowledge of the ways in which consumers form decisions (Foxall,
1985, 1997).
Research anchored in the satisfaction/dissatisfaction and complaining literature has
focused on the selection of WOM as a post-purchase complaint option. In other words,
negative WOM is thought to be one form of customer complaining behaviour. Hirschman
(1970) proposed that customers can either voice their dissatisfaction or exit the relationship
when faced with unmet expectations. More recently, Richins (1983) differentiates between
three reactions to dissatisfaction (1) switching brands or refusing to repatronise the offending
store, (b) making a complaint to the seller or to a third party, and (c) telling others about the
unsatisfactory product or retailer (negative WOM). This tripartite taxonomy of complaint
style was also found by Singh (1988) when applying cluster analysis to complaints data. The
potential impact of these responses on a firm can be significant. Data reported by Diener and
Greyser (1978) indicated that 34 percent of those dissatisfied with a personal care product
told others about their dissatisfaction. If the number of consumers experiencing
dissatisfaction is high enough, such responses may have lasting effects in terms of negative
image and reduced sales for the firm (Richins, 1983).
A study by Richins (1983) indicates that the responses to dissatisfaction are related to
the nature of the dissatisfaction problem. In the case of minor dissatisfaction, consumers'
responses are often minimal too. Consumers' do not complain nor do they spread negative
WOM. When the dissatisfaction is serious enough, consumers tend to complain, regardless of
other factors in the situation. It is at moderate levels of dissatisfaction that management
policy may have the most impact. If complaints are encouraged (e.g. toll-free telephone
numbers to receive customer comments), the retailer has the chance to remedy legitimate
complaints and win back a customer who may also spread positive WOM to others. Research
by TARP (1979) showed that even if the complaint is not settled to the consumer's
satisfaction, he/she is more likely to repurchase than if no complaint is made. However, if
complaints are discouraged, fewer consumers may indeed complain; instead, they may tell
others of their unsatisfactory experiences and may not repurchase the product. Richins (1983)
also showed that negative communication was more likely when the consumer placed the
blame for dissatisfaction directly on the manufacturer or retailer and/or when the consumer
believed that complaining directly to the source would not do any good.
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Watkins and Liu (1996) provide general support for the contention that consumers
dissatisfied with durables will exhibit higher levels of voice and lower levels of exit than for
non-durables. Singh (1990) sees this phenomenon explained by the relative investment of the
consumer in the product and thus the value of any redress.
As already noted, after purchases are made, consumers often engage in a post-
purchase evaluation of the product. If the product's perceived performance is below the
consumer's expectation, he/she might sense dissonance. Since such psychological discomfort
is not pleasant, the consumer will be motivated to act to reduce the amount of dissonance
he/she is experiencing. One strategy for customers who experience discomfort from cognitive
dissonance is to seek WOM from sources which can reduce the discomfort (Buttle, 1998;
Dibb et al., 1997; Assael, 1992).
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF POST PURCHASE BEHAVIOUR
Post-purchase behavior involves all the consumers’ activities and the experiences that
follow the purchase. Usually, after making a purchase, consumers experience post-purchase
dissonance. In other words, they regret their purchase decision. The reasons for high post-
purchase dissonance can be attractiveness and performance of forgone alternatives, difficult
purchase decision, large number of alternatives, etc. A high level of post-purchase
dissonance is negatively related to the level of satisfaction the consumer draws out of product
usage. While experiencing post-purchase dissonance, consumers become actually aware of
the marketers’ communication. To reduce post–purchase dissonance, consumers may
sometimes even return or exchange the product. Marketers, therefore, can use these
opportunities to reduce consumers’ risk perception by way of good return/exchange policies
and reduce their post-purchase dissonance by messages targeted at this segment of their
consumers.
Post-Purchase Evaluation - Cognitive Dissonance
The final stage is the post-purchase evaluation of the decision. It is common for customers to
experience concerns after making a purchase decision. This arises from a concept that is
known as “cognitive dissonance”. The customer, having bought a product, may feel that an
alternative would have been preferable. In these circumstances that customer will not
repurchase immediately, but is likely to switch brands next time. To manage the post-
purchase stage, it is the job of the marketing team to persuade the potential customer that the
product will satisfy his or her needs. Then after having made a purchase, the customer should
be encouraged that he or she has made the right decision.
Post Purchase Behavior
The post purchase behavior and research shows that there exists a common trait amongst
purchasers of products. Manufacturers of products clearly want recent consumers to feel
proud of their purchase; it is therefore just as important for manufacturers to advertise for the
sake of their recent purchaser so consumers feel comfortable that they own a product from a
strong and reputable organization. This limits post purchase behavior.
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No two organizations can have similar set of rules for maintaining relationship. Even if on a
particular occasion a situation prompted a particular behavior, it is not necessary that a
similar behavior is necessary on another occasion. The time, place and group of person might
be the same but behave in different way, though circumstances and situations might be
identical. To a great extent relationship depends upon the: character of contracting parties.
This is thus a study of human behavior and forms part of the behavioral science.
Customers Expectations
Customer’s expectation plays a major role in determining their post purchase behavior. If the
product matches the expectations of the customer then the customer get satisfied, if it exceeds
their expectation then they will be delighted likewise if the product doesn’t matches their then
they will be dissatisfied.
Research suggests that customers go through a five-stage decision-making process in any
purchase. Post purchase decision is very essential and important for any manufacturer by
which the product fulfilled the consumers’ demand and preferences. This model is important
for anyone making marketing decisions. It forces the marketer to consider the whole buying
process rather than just the purchase decision (when it may be too late for a business to
influence the choice!)The model implies that customers pass through all stages in every
purchase. However, in more routine purchases, customers often skip or reverse some of the
stages.
Research methodology
The questionnaire had been administered with strict accordance without deviating from
the research objectives and recording the response precisely as given in terms of
measurement that one called for. The questionnaires were circulated among the customers
who came for servicing their cars in various service centers, situated in and around Chennai.
The sampling size was restricted to 150. The sampling technique used was Simple Random
Sampling. In this study primary data along with some secondary data had been used to carry
out the research work. Primary data had been collected through the structured questionnaire
designed especially for measuring post purchase behavior of the customers of Hyundai i10 in
Chennai City alone. Secondary data was collected from the journals, magazines, old
research reports and from the Company website.
Tools used for the study
Decision making scale of Likert’s type, constructed and validated by investigators, has been
used. The reliability of the tool is found to be 0.82. The scale consists of 17 statements with
one open ended question along with personal details of the respondents.
Analysis of the data
Descriptive (Table 1 – Table 7) statistics and Inferential statistics i.e., chi square test (Table 8
and 9) have been employed for testing the hypotheses. The data were analyzed using
Percentage Analysis (Table 1 – Table 7) Percentage Analysis had been employed to assess
the Gender, age, occupation, income, factors influence the customers to go in for Hyundai
i10, factors that motivated the customers to go in for Hyundai i10 and the customers’
7. Volume:01, Number:05, Sep-2011 Page 273
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satisfaction level towards after sales service of Hyundai i10. Chi-square test was employed to
identify if there was any significant difference between income and motivating factors,
income and customers’ perception, income and customers’ satisfaction, and age and
customers’ satisfaction. Regression test was employed to identify if there exists any positive
contribution between the factors taken for the study as well as the delivery time with after
sales service.
Limitations of the Study
The study has been limited to the customers within Chennai city with a sample
size of 150.The study deals only about the post purchase behavior of customers of
Hyundai i10 and not for the other variants of Hyundai.
Summary of Findings
Of the 150 respondents, 87 were male and the rest were female.
82% of the respondents, whose age group is 25 and above have owned Hyundai i10.
65% of the respondents, who, owned Hyundai i10 are, employed somewhere.
Surprisingly, 60% of the respondents whose income was less than Rs. 5 lakhs have
owned this car.
The factors such as stylish, space and interior, comfort and technology have
influenced 91% of the respondents to switch over their preference to Hyundai i10.
The motivating factors such as stylish, special features, brand image, comfort and
mileage and after sales service were some of the factors, which influenced 62% of the
respondents to prefer Hyundai i10.
94% of the respondents agreed that Hyundai i10 is a fuel efficient car.
All the respondents were agreed in the same line that Hyundai i10 is a spacious car.
All the respondents were agreed that Pick up of the car was excellent.
93% of the respondents were agreed that the said car fulfills the expectation of the
customer.
100% of the respondents were agreed that Hyundai i10 is value for their money.
86% of the respondents were satisfied with after sales service.
91% of the respondents have recommended their close circle to go in for Hyundai i10.
Income was found as one of the motivating factors, which influence the respondents
to prefer Hyundai i10.
It was found that performance, interior, gear box and suspension contributes
positively towards the overall satisfaction of the customer experience with Hyundai
i10.
It was found that both delivery time and after sales service contributes positively
towards the overall satisfaction of customers.
8. Volume:01, Number:05, Sep-2011 Page 274
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Table No.1 Classification of Respondents by Gender
Gender No. of Respondents Percentage
MALE 87 58
FEMALE 63 42
Table No.2 Classification of Respondents according to Age
Age Classification No. of Respondents Percentage
Under 25 27 18
26 – 35 63 42
36 - 50 41 27
50 & above 19 13
Total 150 100
Table No.3 Classification of Respondents according to the Occupation
Occupation No. of Respondents Percentage
Self employed 53 35
Employed 97 65
Total 150 100
Table No.4 Classification of Respondents according to Income
Income Classification No. of Respondents Percentage
< 5lakhs 91 60
5 - 7lakhs 31 21
7 – 10lakhs 27 18
Above 10lakhs 1 1
Total 150 100
Table No.5 Factors Influenced the Customers who used other Cars and switched over to
Hyundai I10
Factors No. of Respondents Percentage
European style 31 46
Space & interior 17 25
Comfort 9 14
Technology 4 6
Others 6 9
Total 67 100
9. Volume:01, Number:05, Sep-2011 Page 275
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Table No.6 Factors motivated the customers to buy Hyundai I10
Factors No. of Respondents Percentage
Price 12 8
Brand image 10 7
Features 29 19
After sales service 11 7
Comfort 12 8
Power steering 2 2
Mileage 13 9
Safety 0 0
Power 0 0
Space 7 4
Drivability 7 4
Word of mouth 3 2
Style 33 22
Advertisement 9 6
Brand ambassador 2 2
Availability of service outlet 0 0
Easy availability of finance 0 0
Others 0 0
Total 150 100
Table No.7 Customers Satisfaction level towards after Sales Service
Satisfaction Level No. of Respondents Percentage
Highly satisfied 37 25
Satisfied 91 61
Neither/ nor dissatisfied 22 14
Dissatisfied 0 0
Highly dissatisfied 0 0
Total 150 100
10. Volume:01, Number:05, Sep-2011 Page 276
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Table No.8
Overall satisfaction of the customers and factors that contributes to Overall satisfaction
Model Summary
.966a .933 .926 .132
Model
1
R R Square
Adjusted
R Square
Std. Error of
the Estimate
Predictors: (Constant), pick, design, interior, space,
perf or, gear, suspensi, ac, handling, engine, creat,
right, dy na, power, fuel
a.
ANOVAb
32.758 15 2.184 125.304 .000a
2.335 134 .017
35.093 149
Regression
Residual
Total
Model
1
Sum of
Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Predictors: (Constant), pick, design, interior, space, perf or, gear, suspensi, ac,
handling, engine, creat, right, dy na, power, fuel
a.
Dependent Variable: OVERSb.
Variables Entered/Removedb
pick,
design,
interior,
space,
perf or,
gear,
suspensi,
ac,
handling,
engine,
creat, right,
dyna,
power, fuel
a
. Enter
Model
1
Variables
Entered
Variables
Removed Method
All requested v ariables entered.a.
Dependent Variable: OVERSb.
11. Volume:01, Number:05, Sep-2011 Page 277
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SATISFACTION = 0.682performance + 0 .446 interior + 0.302 gearbox + 0.211 suspension
+ 0.103 ride quality - 0.063 design - 0.097 power - 0.134 engine – 0.081fuel efficiency – 0
.092 dynamic ability - 0.150 creature comfort - 0.133 space - 0.010 handling – 0.132 a/c -
0.070 pickup
Table No.9.Overall satisfaction level of the customers with delivery time and after sales
service
Variables Entered/Removedb
ASS, LOSa . Enter
Model
1
Variables
Entered
Variables
Removed Method
All requested v ariables entered.a.
Dependent Variable: OVERSb.
Model Summary
.718a .515 .509 .340
Model
1
R R Square
Adjusted
R Square
Std. Error of
the Estimate
Predictors: (Constant), ASS, LOSa.
Coefficientsa
.226 .066 3.425 .001
-.063 .053 -.071 -1.191 .236
-.097 .070 -.186 -1.387 .168
.302 .059 .480 5.114 .000
-.134 .073 -.183 -1.840 .068
.682 .051 .916 13.400 .000
-.081 .084 -.153 -.964 .337
-.092 .078 -.178 -1.176 .242
-.150 .102 -.192 -1.480 .141
-.133 .047 -.169 -2.837 .005
.446 .075 .485 5.948 .000
.211 .042 .355 5.018 .000
.103 .062 .181 1.667 .098
-.010 .045 -.017 -.224 .823
-.132 .054 -.211 -2.426 .017
-.070 .067 -.112 -1.037 .301
(Constant)
design
power
gear
engine
perfor
fuel
dyna
creat
space
interior
suspensi
Ride
handling
ac
pick
Model
1
B Std. Error
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Beta
Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig.
Dependent Variable: OVERSa.
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SATISFACTION = 0.444 delivery time + 0.028 after sales service.
Conclusion and suggestions
Some more choice of colors of car can be made available to the car pearl white, cycus
grey, quartz black, metallic midnight black, brilliant yellow etc. because the
customers felt that more colors are available among the competitors.
The price of the car is ok now but if the company reduces the price of the car, for sure
it will increase the sales because nowadays cars are available at very lower price in
the market from the competitors by focusing on middle income group.
Most of the customers do not have enough time to let their car for service to the
service center. In order to please the customers the company can introduce an
innovative method. Through this method the company can give a centralized helpline
number to their customers especially for service. So, if the customers wants service to
their car or they wants to repair their car they can call to that number and by telling
their location the company personnel can go directly to that location and they can pick
the car and service the car. Finally, the service personnel should let their car back to
the place of the customer after service. There can be a piece of metal till the engine
block so that the engine won’t be affected in case of any accident as it is few inches
ahead of the dash board. The company can increase the number of service centers in
Chennai. The service personnel should maintain prompt delivery after servicing the
cars.
Therefore the study categorically said that i10 is the most successful car of Hyundai motors
and it beats the success of santro in all aspects. On the whole the customers of Hyundai i10
are satisfied with the car after purchase and this itself a great achievement to the company. It
gives the feel of luxury to the customers and a convenience of smaller cars in the crowded
area. It is the most stylish car ever manufactured by Hyundai when compared to other cars.
ANOVAb
18.082 2 9.041 78.125 .000a
17.011 147 .116
35.093 149
Regression
Residual
Total
Model
1
Sum of
Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Predictors: (Constant), ASS, LOSa.
Dependent Variable: OVERSb.
Coefficientsa
.386 .090 4.267 .000
.444 .069 .687 6.463 .000
.028 .083 .036 .337 .737
(Constant)
DT
ASS
Model
1
B Std. Error
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Beta
Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig.
Dependent Variable: OVERSa.
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