The document discusses the development of Philippine literature over different historical periods from Japanese period to 21st century. It notes that during the Japanese period, Philippine literature in English halted except for two publications. It also discusses trends in literature forms over time, including new codes/lingos used in recent works, and growth of regional literature reflecting the Philippines' diversity. The document finally encourages using local languages to uphold culture and traditions despite colonization or modernity.

1.  During Japanese period, Philippine literature in English came to a halt except for the Tribune and
the Philippine Review.
 During Spanish period, the first Filipino alphabet, called ALIBATA, was replaced by the Roman
alphabet
 In the 21st Century period, new trends have been used and introduced to meet the need and
tastes of the new generation. New codes or lingos are used to add flavor in the literary pieces
produced nowadays.
 English as medium of instruction was introduced in the schools as intellectual language of
education in the American period
 In the New Society Period, Poems dealt with patience, regard for native culture, customs, and the
beauties of nature and surroundings
 During the Period of Activism, the youth became vocal with their sentiments
 In the 3rd Republic Period, many Filipino songs dealt with themes that were true-to-life like those
of grief, poverty, aspirations for freedom, love of God, of country and fellowmen
 Philippine regional literature has become rich and varied because of the archipelagic nature of the
Philippines, its geographical features, and the presence of various ethno-linguistic groups in the
country
 The development of literature in the Philippines grew and prospered alongside the country’s
history
 Many Filipino authors, writers, or poets are encouraged to use the mother tongue as the medium
of expression in their craft because our people’s culture and tradition are upheld through this
despite effects of colonization or even modernity.
 ILLUSTRATED NOVEL - This is a story through text and illustrated images and The Invention of
Hugo Cabret by Brian Selznick and The Arrival by Shaun Tan are examples.
 DOODLE FICTION - Literary presentation where the author incorporates doodle writing and
drawings and handwritten graphics in place of the traditional font
 DIGI-FICTION is a Triple Media Literature. Patrick Carman’s Skeleton Creek and Anthony
Zuiker’s Level 26 are examples.
 MANGA is the Japanese word for comics. It is used in the English-speaking world as a generic
term for all comic books and graphic novels originally published in Japan
 CHICK LIT or CHICK LITERATURE is genre fiction which addresses issues of modern
womanhood, often humorously and lightheartedly. Example of this is Sophie Kinsella’s
Confessions of a Shopaholic, which revolves around a woman’s shopping addiction and her
journey to overcoming it.
STRUCTURE OF THE POEM
Imagery is creating a picture in the reader's mind by using words that appeal to the senses.
Literary Techniques are methods the author or writer of a literary piece used to convey what they want
to impart to the reade
Here are some of the multimedia formats that you can use to creatively interpret various genres of
literary texts.
1. Blog or a “weblog” is a website containing informational articles about a person’s own opinions,
interests and experiences. These are usually changed regularly
2. Mind mapping is a graphical technique to visualize connections of ideas and pieces of
information. This tool structures information to better analyze, comprehend, synthesize, recall
and generate new ideas. You can use Microsoft Word or online mind mapping tools in creating a
mind map
3. Mobile phone text tula is a traditional Filipino poem. A particular example of this poem is a
tanaga that consists of 4 lines with 7 syllables each with the same rhyme at the end of each line.
4. Slideshow presentation is created with the use of Microsoft PowerPoint. It contains series of
pictures or pages of information (slides) arranged in sequence and often displayed on a large
screen using a video projector
5. Tag cloud is a visual, stylized arrangement of words or tags within a textual content such as
websites, articles, speeches and databases
6. Video is an electronic device used to record, copy, playback, broadcast, anddisplay moving visual
media

2. An anecdote is a short entertaining or interesting story about a real incident or person
Let’s explore some of the purposes of anecdotes:
1. When someone talks about his/her past and shares the joy of his/her experience, he/she intends
to bring cheer
• At the dinner, a Grade 11 learner shared his story on his first day at school when he got lost and
attended a wrong class.
2. To Reminisce
In most anecdotes, people are talking about their experiences in the past. They try to look back
on moments in their lives and share the joy of that time with others.
• A mother tells her children a story about her life in the province when she was teenager.
3. To Caution
Sometimes, just giving rules for individuals is not effective. Sharing to them frightening stories of
dangers can be helpful for them to realize the possible consequences of their actions.
• Before beginning a lecture on not following traffic rules, a father tells his son an incident of
collision that caused many lives due to ignoring traffic signs.
4. To Persuade or Inspire Sometimes, people share stories on how they surpassed their struggles in
life. These, most of the time, give encouragement to others who have been in similar situations.
The message usually conveys successes in life as a fruit of hard work.
• Before beginning a remedial class, the teacher tells the students how a boy who used to struggle
in reading managed to be a proficient reader.
BASIC ELEMENTS OF A SHORT STORY
1. Character– A character in a short story is a person, in some stories an animal, who takes part in
the action of the story or other literary work
a. The protagonist is considered as the main character or most important of all the characters.
b. The antagonist is the character that challenges the main character. It has no concern for the
well-being of the main character.
2. Setting– The place (locale) and time (period) when the story happens is called the setting. The
setting may be based on real place and real time or it may also be based on the author’s
imagination
3. Plot– A plot is the actual story. It is what the story is all about
a. Exposition –This is the beginning of the story. This is where the author introduces the
characters, identifies where the story is happening, and establishes the main conflict.
b. Rising Action – This event occurs as you begin to move throughout the story.
c. Climax– It is the most exciting part of a short story. This is the part in the story when
important decisions are made or important things are discovered.
d. Falling Action– This point occurs after the climax as the problems in the story start to work
themselves out.
e. Resolution– This is the solution to the problem in a story.
4. Conflict– Conflict is the dramatic struggle between two forces in a story. Without conflict, there
is no plot. These four types of conflict are: man versus man; man versus nature; man
versus himself; and man versus society.
5. Theme- This is the central idea in a short story and a general truth. This is considered as the
author’s message to the readers.
6. Point of View – This is the way the story is told or narrated.
a. First Person – the narrator participates in and tells the story using the pronoun ‘I’.
b. Limited Third Person – The narrator knows the thoughts and feelings on only ONE character
in a story
c. Omniscient Third Person – The narrator knows the thoughts and feeling of ALL the
characters in a story.