CJCJ's Executive Director Daniel Macallair, is a practitioner-in-residence at San Francisco State University (SFSU)'s Department of Criminal Justice Studies. These slides are from his Juvenile Justice course materials.

1. www.cjcj.org
© Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
40 Boardman Place
San Francisco, CA 94103
21st Century Juvenile Justice Reform
Strategies for reducing institutional
confinement

2. www.cjcj.org
© Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
40 Boardman Place
San Francisco, CA 94103
Homer Folks Critique of the American
Reform School (1891)
• The Temptation it offers to parents and guardians to throw off their
most scared responsibilities
• The contaminating influence of association
• The enduring stigma of having been committed
• …renders impossible the study and treatment of each child as an
individual
• The great dissimilarity between life in an institution and life outside

3. www.cjcj.org
© Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
40 Boardman Place
San Francisco, CA 94103
Strategies for Reducing Institutional
Confinement
• Decarceration: An intentional process to reduce secure
confinement through shorter sentences, expanded use of
alternative sentencing, and policy directives.
• Deinstitutionalization: Any effort to reduce the population
of institutions or to reduce the processes that create
dependency on institutional environments.
Source: Butts and Evans

4. www.cjcj.org
© Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
40 Boardman Place
San Francisco, CA 94103
Reasons for Reliance on Secure
Confinement
• Incapacitation
• Retribution
• Convenience
• Isomorphism
Source: Butts and Evans

5. www.cjcj.org
© Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
40 Boardman Place
San Francisco, CA 94103
3 Models for Juvenile Justice Reform
• Resolution Models
• Reinvestment Models
• Realignment Models
Source: Butts and Evans

6. www.cjcj.org
© Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
40 Boardman Place
San Francisco, CA 94103
Examples of Each Model
• Closing of the Reform Schools in Massachusetts
(Resolution/Reinvestment/Realignment)
• Closing the San Francisco Youth Guidance Center
(Reinvestment)
• Downsizing the California Youth Authority (Realignment)

7. www.cjcj.org
© Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
40 Boardman Place
San Francisco, CA 94103
Resolution, Reinvestment, and Realignment: Three
Strategies for Changing Juvenile Justice
By
Jeffrey A. Butts and Douglas N. Evans
John Jay College of Criminal Justice