The document describes the air conditioning system on an Airbus A320, which uses two air conditioning packs to cool bleed air and distribute it to different zones of the aircraft. Hot air can be added to the zones via trim air valves to adjust the temperature. The cargo area also has a heating system that operates on similar principles to the main air conditioning system.
This document provides a summary of instrument panels and systems on a Boeing 727-200 aircraft. It describes the layout of the main instrument panels used by pilots and crew. It also provides details on the types of instrument indicators and how they are mounted. The document then summarizes several key aircraft systems including the flight data recorder, clocks, and aural warning system. It explains the components and functions of these systems.
EASA PART 66 Module 15.10 : Lubrication Systemssoulstalker
ย
The lubrication system supplies pressurized oil to bearings using various pumps and filters to lubricate and cool components. It consists of an oil tank, pumps that pressurize the oil, filters that clean the oil of debris, oil coolers that cool the oil and fuel, and magnetic detectors and valves that monitor the oil system and maintain pressure. The main types of bearings used are spray jet, splash, metered, film, and squeeze film bearings that are lubricated via direct oil spraying, splashing, metering based on engine speed, oil films, or minimizing dynamic loads respectively.
This document provides an overview of the flight deck and systems for the Airbus A319/A320/A321 aircraft. It describes the general features and layout of the flight deck, including the sidestick controllers, main instrument panels, overhead panel, and pedestal. It also summarizes the electrical, hydraulic, flight control, landing gear, fuel, engine control, and other systems. The document is intended for information purposes only and should not be used as an official reference for technical data or operational procedures.
The document provides an overview of the PW1100G-JM turbofan engine power plant. It describes the key components and systems that make up the nacelle, including the inlet cowl, fan cowl, thrust reverser cowl doors, engine mounting system, and engine drain system. It also lists specifications for the engine and aircraft it powers.
Jet Propulsion: Oil and Lubrication ContinuedJess Peters
ย
Turbine engine lubrication systems have three sub-systems: the pressure system supplies clean oil at the proper pressure and temperature to bearings and gears. The scavenge system picks up used oil and returns it to the tank to be recirculated. The breather/vent system removes contaminated air from bearing housings through a de-oiler before blowing it overboard.
Emergency ejection system in military aircraft reportLahiru Dilshan
ย
Safety is a major concern in the aircraft industry both in commercial and military services. In the fighter jets, there are several unique mechanisms used other than the commercial airliner. Pilots in the fighter jects can abandon the ship in case of an emergency but the other types of aircraft cannot use that kind of mechanism because the passengers are boarded.
The document provides information on the engines and engine systems of the Boeing 737 NG. It describes the dual CFM56-7 turbofan engines in detail, including the N1 and N2 rotors. It also outlines the electronic engine control (EEC), engine fuel and oil systems, and normal and alternate engine instrument displays. Key details covered include the EEC modes, engine instrumentation, fuel shutoff valves, oil temperature and pressure monitoring, and engine fault indications.
Aircraft Air Conditioning And Pressurisation SystemCahit Kutay Uysal
ย
At this presentation, I try to explain aircraft pressurization systems and air conditioning systems. I hope it will be useful source to understand aircraft systems easily.
This document provides a summary of instrument panels and systems on a Boeing 727-200 aircraft. It describes the layout of the main instrument panels used by pilots and crew. It also provides details on the types of instrument indicators and how they are mounted. The document then summarizes several key aircraft systems including the flight data recorder, clocks, and aural warning system. It explains the components and functions of these systems.
EASA PART 66 Module 15.10 : Lubrication Systemssoulstalker
ย
The lubrication system supplies pressurized oil to bearings using various pumps and filters to lubricate and cool components. It consists of an oil tank, pumps that pressurize the oil, filters that clean the oil of debris, oil coolers that cool the oil and fuel, and magnetic detectors and valves that monitor the oil system and maintain pressure. The main types of bearings used are spray jet, splash, metered, film, and squeeze film bearings that are lubricated via direct oil spraying, splashing, metering based on engine speed, oil films, or minimizing dynamic loads respectively.
This document provides an overview of the flight deck and systems for the Airbus A319/A320/A321 aircraft. It describes the general features and layout of the flight deck, including the sidestick controllers, main instrument panels, overhead panel, and pedestal. It also summarizes the electrical, hydraulic, flight control, landing gear, fuel, engine control, and other systems. The document is intended for information purposes only and should not be used as an official reference for technical data or operational procedures.
The document provides an overview of the PW1100G-JM turbofan engine power plant. It describes the key components and systems that make up the nacelle, including the inlet cowl, fan cowl, thrust reverser cowl doors, engine mounting system, and engine drain system. It also lists specifications for the engine and aircraft it powers.
Jet Propulsion: Oil and Lubrication ContinuedJess Peters
ย
Turbine engine lubrication systems have three sub-systems: the pressure system supplies clean oil at the proper pressure and temperature to bearings and gears. The scavenge system picks up used oil and returns it to the tank to be recirculated. The breather/vent system removes contaminated air from bearing housings through a de-oiler before blowing it overboard.
Emergency ejection system in military aircraft reportLahiru Dilshan
ย
Safety is a major concern in the aircraft industry both in commercial and military services. In the fighter jets, there are several unique mechanisms used other than the commercial airliner. Pilots in the fighter jects can abandon the ship in case of an emergency but the other types of aircraft cannot use that kind of mechanism because the passengers are boarded.
The document provides information on the engines and engine systems of the Boeing 737 NG. It describes the dual CFM56-7 turbofan engines in detail, including the N1 and N2 rotors. It also outlines the electronic engine control (EEC), engine fuel and oil systems, and normal and alternate engine instrument displays. Key details covered include the EEC modes, engine instrumentation, fuel shutoff valves, oil temperature and pressure monitoring, and engine fault indications.
Aircraft Air Conditioning And Pressurisation SystemCahit Kutay Uysal
ย
At this presentation, I try to explain aircraft pressurization systems and air conditioning systems. I hope it will be useful source to understand aircraft systems easily.
This document is a training manual for the V2500-A5 aircraft engine published by Lufthansa Technical Training GmbH in January 2001. It contains diagrams of engine components labeled with numbers, and pages for trainees to identify the components and describe their purpose. The manual is marked as for training purposes only and copyright is held by Lufthansa Technical Training GmbH.
The pneumatic system provides compressed air for aircraft functions like air conditioning, engine starting, and anti-ice systems. It obtains air from the engine bleed ports and controls the air pressure, temperature, and cleanliness. Leak detection loops monitor the hot air ducts and can isolate leaks by closing valves. The pneumatic system is controlled and monitored via panels and ECAM displays.
La Air Transport Association creรณ un sistema estรกndar de capรญtulos (ATA 100) para aeronaves comerciales. Esto hace que sea mรกs fรกcil para pilotos, ingenieros y mecรกnicos trabajar en diferentes aeronaves. El documento describe varios capรญtulos estรกndar del sistema ATA 100 relacionados con los motores de las aeronaves.
The document provides information on the landing gear system of the Boeing 737 NG. It describes the main components and operation of the landing gear including:
- The aircraft has two main landing gears and a single nose gear.
- Hydraulic system A normally controls extension, retraction and nose wheel steering. System B provides alternatives.
- Extension and retraction are controlled by the landing gear lever and occur through hydraulic pressure and mechanical locks.
- Sensors monitor gear position and provide inputs to warning systems.
- Manual extension is possible if system A fails using gear releases.
The document provides information on anti-ice and rain protection systems for the Boeing 737 NG, including thermal anti-icing, electrical anti-icing, and windshield wipers. It describes the flight deck window heat, probe and sensor heat, engine anti-ice system, wing anti-ice system, ice detection system, and corresponding controls and indicators. The wing and engine anti-ice systems use bleed air to prevent ice buildup, while probes and sensors are heated electrically. Lights indicate system status and faults like overheat conditions.
This document provides information on fan blade positions, serial numbers, moment weights, and balance screw part numbers for an aircraft engine. It lists 38 blade slots with blade serial number, moment weight, and balance screw part number for each. It also provides instructions for installing the blades according to the listed positions and weights to achieve proper balancing.
Hands on experience with aircraft major components on aircraft and to identif...Mayank Gupta
ย
This document provides information on the major components of an aircraft and their locations. It describes the fuselage as the main structural part that carries the maximum load and includes the passenger cabin or cockpit. It also outlines the cockpit location in the front area, wings attached to both sides of the fuselage to generate lift, control surfaces used to control rolling, pitching, and yawing, the power plant such as engines mounted below or attached to the lower fuselage, the empennage or tail section, and the landing gears that support the aircraft when on the ground.
This slide is prepared by me for the students studying in 1st Semester of Aircraft Maintenance Engineering. This is only the the introduction of Maintenance Practices involved in Aircraft Maintenance. Reference is taken from various aviation books and websites. Suggestions are welcome. Pls leave a like
PS- after downloading please don't change the name of author as you will be disregarding all the hard work done by me.
This document provides an overview of the components, systems, and instruments of the R22 helicopter. It describes the main components, which include the two main rotor blades, tail rotor, engine, drive system, landing gear, flight controls (cyclic, collective, throttle, pedals), and instruments. The flight controls section explains how each control affects the helicopter's movement and rotor RPM. The document then details several key components like the swash plate assembly, drive train, and clutch system.
El documento trata sobre la importancia del peso y el balance para la seguridad de los vuelos. Explica que los pilotos deben asegurarse de que el centro de gravedad se mantenga dentro de los lรญmites aprobados y discute cรณmo el exceso de peso reduce el rendimiento de la aeronave y aumenta los riesgos. Tambiรฉn define tรฉrminos clave relacionados con el peso y el balance como centro de gravedad, brazo de momento y pesos mรกximos.
This chapter provides an overview of aircraft structure and components. It defines key terms like fuselage, wings, empennage, landing gear, and powerplant. It describes basic aerodynamic concepts like thrust, lift, weight, and drag. It explains how control surfaces like ailerons, elevators, and rudders control the aircraft's pitch, roll, and yaw. It briefly discusses different types of aircraft construction materials and methods.
Diamond Twinstar DA-42 Overview. This slideshow is used in conjunction with Fly Corps Aviation's Multiengine Program, including Commercial Multiengine, Multiengine Instructor, and ATP Training course at KSAV in Savannah Georgia. Visit www.flycorps.com to learn more!
The document discusses the Boeing 747-400 hydraulic system. It describes the engine hydraulic pump control switches which control the engine driven pump and demand pumps. It notes that the auxiliary pump operates on ground power. It explains the hydraulic control panel fault light illuminates for low quantity, overheat, or low pressure. It provides a diagram of the four hydraulic systems and notes system 4 operates on ground power only. It includes a hydraulic system data table and indications synoptic.
This document provides an overview of basic aerodynamics and flight controls. It explains the four main forces that act on aircraft - lift, gravity/weight, thrust, and drag. It describes how control surfaces like the ailerons, elevators, and rudder are used to control the aircraft's roll, pitch, and yaw. Finally, it gives a brief tour of common flight instruments that provide information to pilots like airspeed, altitude, heading, and vertical speed. The goal is to help readers understand how aircraft fly and how pilots control and navigate them.
El documento describe los componentes y funcionamiento bรกsico de los sistemas de combustible de las aeronaves. Estos sistemas almacenan y suministran combustible desde los depรณsitos hasta los motores a travรฉs de bombas, ductos, carburadores o inyectores controlados por vรกlvulas. El combustible es la materia prima que proporciona propulsiรณn al convertir su energรญa quรญmica en energรญa mecรกnica.
The document discusses regulations regarding airworthiness certification and maintenance practices for aircraft under FAR Parts 43 and 91. It outlines requirements for airworthiness certificates and inspections, who is authorized to perform maintenance and approve returns to service, and record keeping requirements. It provides definitions and explains operating limitations, equipment requirements, maintenance rules, and forms such as maintenance logs that must be completed.
This document provides information about a maintenance and engineering training class on master warning and caution lights for the Boeing 737-800. It includes details about the instructor, class times and guidelines, objectives to locate components and describe their functions and interface. It also describes electrical power and distribution, routine servicing, and troubleshooting of the master warning and caution system.
The document provides information on the landing gear and brake systems for a Boeing 747-400 aircraft. It describes the landing gear indications, operation, controls and displays. It also covers the hydraulic and parking brake systems, nose and body gear steering, anti-skid braking, torque limiters and the auto brake system.
Diamond Twinstar DA-42NG Overview. This slideshow is used in conjunction with Fly Corps Aviation's Multiengine Program, including Commercial Multiengine, Multiengine Instructor, and ATP Training course at KSAV in Savannah Georgia. Visit www.flycorps.com to learn more!
This document provides information about heating and air conditioning systems. It discusses the components and operation of both manual and automatic temperature control systems. It covers the heater core, evaporator, condenser, compressor, refrigerant lines, and sensors. It provides warnings and cautions for safely servicing the A/C system. Refrigerant R-134a is used, which requires special equipment, hoses, and oil compared to R-12.
The document provides information on the pneumatic and bleed air systems of the Boeing 737 NG. It discusses how bleed air is supplied by the engines or APU to systems like air conditioning, anti-icing, and hydraulics. Key components discussed include the engine bleed valves, isolation valve, packs, and ram air system. The bleed air is regulated and cooled before being supplied to the air conditioning system to produce conditioned air for the aircraft.
This document is a training manual for the V2500-A5 aircraft engine published by Lufthansa Technical Training GmbH in January 2001. It contains diagrams of engine components labeled with numbers, and pages for trainees to identify the components and describe their purpose. The manual is marked as for training purposes only and copyright is held by Lufthansa Technical Training GmbH.
The pneumatic system provides compressed air for aircraft functions like air conditioning, engine starting, and anti-ice systems. It obtains air from the engine bleed ports and controls the air pressure, temperature, and cleanliness. Leak detection loops monitor the hot air ducts and can isolate leaks by closing valves. The pneumatic system is controlled and monitored via panels and ECAM displays.
La Air Transport Association creรณ un sistema estรกndar de capรญtulos (ATA 100) para aeronaves comerciales. Esto hace que sea mรกs fรกcil para pilotos, ingenieros y mecรกnicos trabajar en diferentes aeronaves. El documento describe varios capรญtulos estรกndar del sistema ATA 100 relacionados con los motores de las aeronaves.
The document provides information on the landing gear system of the Boeing 737 NG. It describes the main components and operation of the landing gear including:
- The aircraft has two main landing gears and a single nose gear.
- Hydraulic system A normally controls extension, retraction and nose wheel steering. System B provides alternatives.
- Extension and retraction are controlled by the landing gear lever and occur through hydraulic pressure and mechanical locks.
- Sensors monitor gear position and provide inputs to warning systems.
- Manual extension is possible if system A fails using gear releases.
The document provides information on anti-ice and rain protection systems for the Boeing 737 NG, including thermal anti-icing, electrical anti-icing, and windshield wipers. It describes the flight deck window heat, probe and sensor heat, engine anti-ice system, wing anti-ice system, ice detection system, and corresponding controls and indicators. The wing and engine anti-ice systems use bleed air to prevent ice buildup, while probes and sensors are heated electrically. Lights indicate system status and faults like overheat conditions.
This document provides information on fan blade positions, serial numbers, moment weights, and balance screw part numbers for an aircraft engine. It lists 38 blade slots with blade serial number, moment weight, and balance screw part number for each. It also provides instructions for installing the blades according to the listed positions and weights to achieve proper balancing.
Hands on experience with aircraft major components on aircraft and to identif...Mayank Gupta
ย
This document provides information on the major components of an aircraft and their locations. It describes the fuselage as the main structural part that carries the maximum load and includes the passenger cabin or cockpit. It also outlines the cockpit location in the front area, wings attached to both sides of the fuselage to generate lift, control surfaces used to control rolling, pitching, and yawing, the power plant such as engines mounted below or attached to the lower fuselage, the empennage or tail section, and the landing gears that support the aircraft when on the ground.
This slide is prepared by me for the students studying in 1st Semester of Aircraft Maintenance Engineering. This is only the the introduction of Maintenance Practices involved in Aircraft Maintenance. Reference is taken from various aviation books and websites. Suggestions are welcome. Pls leave a like
PS- after downloading please don't change the name of author as you will be disregarding all the hard work done by me.
This document provides an overview of the components, systems, and instruments of the R22 helicopter. It describes the main components, which include the two main rotor blades, tail rotor, engine, drive system, landing gear, flight controls (cyclic, collective, throttle, pedals), and instruments. The flight controls section explains how each control affects the helicopter's movement and rotor RPM. The document then details several key components like the swash plate assembly, drive train, and clutch system.
El documento trata sobre la importancia del peso y el balance para la seguridad de los vuelos. Explica que los pilotos deben asegurarse de que el centro de gravedad se mantenga dentro de los lรญmites aprobados y discute cรณmo el exceso de peso reduce el rendimiento de la aeronave y aumenta los riesgos. Tambiรฉn define tรฉrminos clave relacionados con el peso y el balance como centro de gravedad, brazo de momento y pesos mรกximos.
This chapter provides an overview of aircraft structure and components. It defines key terms like fuselage, wings, empennage, landing gear, and powerplant. It describes basic aerodynamic concepts like thrust, lift, weight, and drag. It explains how control surfaces like ailerons, elevators, and rudders control the aircraft's pitch, roll, and yaw. It briefly discusses different types of aircraft construction materials and methods.
Diamond Twinstar DA-42 Overview. This slideshow is used in conjunction with Fly Corps Aviation's Multiengine Program, including Commercial Multiengine, Multiengine Instructor, and ATP Training course at KSAV in Savannah Georgia. Visit www.flycorps.com to learn more!
The document discusses the Boeing 747-400 hydraulic system. It describes the engine hydraulic pump control switches which control the engine driven pump and demand pumps. It notes that the auxiliary pump operates on ground power. It explains the hydraulic control panel fault light illuminates for low quantity, overheat, or low pressure. It provides a diagram of the four hydraulic systems and notes system 4 operates on ground power only. It includes a hydraulic system data table and indications synoptic.
This document provides an overview of basic aerodynamics and flight controls. It explains the four main forces that act on aircraft - lift, gravity/weight, thrust, and drag. It describes how control surfaces like the ailerons, elevators, and rudder are used to control the aircraft's roll, pitch, and yaw. Finally, it gives a brief tour of common flight instruments that provide information to pilots like airspeed, altitude, heading, and vertical speed. The goal is to help readers understand how aircraft fly and how pilots control and navigate them.
El documento describe los componentes y funcionamiento bรกsico de los sistemas de combustible de las aeronaves. Estos sistemas almacenan y suministran combustible desde los depรณsitos hasta los motores a travรฉs de bombas, ductos, carburadores o inyectores controlados por vรกlvulas. El combustible es la materia prima que proporciona propulsiรณn al convertir su energรญa quรญmica en energรญa mecรกnica.
The document discusses regulations regarding airworthiness certification and maintenance practices for aircraft under FAR Parts 43 and 91. It outlines requirements for airworthiness certificates and inspections, who is authorized to perform maintenance and approve returns to service, and record keeping requirements. It provides definitions and explains operating limitations, equipment requirements, maintenance rules, and forms such as maintenance logs that must be completed.
This document provides information about a maintenance and engineering training class on master warning and caution lights for the Boeing 737-800. It includes details about the instructor, class times and guidelines, objectives to locate components and describe their functions and interface. It also describes electrical power and distribution, routine servicing, and troubleshooting of the master warning and caution system.
The document provides information on the landing gear and brake systems for a Boeing 747-400 aircraft. It describes the landing gear indications, operation, controls and displays. It also covers the hydraulic and parking brake systems, nose and body gear steering, anti-skid braking, torque limiters and the auto brake system.
Diamond Twinstar DA-42NG Overview. This slideshow is used in conjunction with Fly Corps Aviation's Multiengine Program, including Commercial Multiengine, Multiengine Instructor, and ATP Training course at KSAV in Savannah Georgia. Visit www.flycorps.com to learn more!
This document provides information about heating and air conditioning systems. It discusses the components and operation of both manual and automatic temperature control systems. It covers the heater core, evaporator, condenser, compressor, refrigerant lines, and sensors. It provides warnings and cautions for safely servicing the A/C system. Refrigerant R-134a is used, which requires special equipment, hoses, and oil compared to R-12.
The document provides information on the pneumatic and bleed air systems of the Boeing 737 NG. It discusses how bleed air is supplied by the engines or APU to systems like air conditioning, anti-icing, and hydraulics. Key components discussed include the engine bleed valves, isolation valve, packs, and ram air system. The bleed air is regulated and cooled before being supplied to the air conditioning system to produce conditioned air for the aircraft.
The document describes the components and functions of a compressed air system used for starting large engines. It includes specifications for the start air compressor, control air compressor, air vessels, and main components of the starting system. The main components are the main starting valve, starting air distributor, and starting valves, which control the flow of compressed air into the engine cylinders during starting. The control air system provides instrument air for pneumatic controls and valves throughout the system.
YALE F877 GDP300EC LIFT TRUCK Service Repair Manualuhsejmkm jksemmd
ย
The document provides information about the heating and air conditioning systems for a lift truck cab. It describes the main components of the heater assembly including the fan, heater core, vent door, and evaporator. The vent door controls the mix of fresh and recirculated air. The air conditioning system uses a compressor, condenser, dryer, evaporator and expansion valve to cool the air. Sensors and switches control the activation of the air conditioning components based on temperature and pressure. The climate control system operates the heating and air conditioning with an electronic controller instead of manual knobs.
YALE F876 GDP230DCS LIFT TRUCK Service Repair Manualyehnmdm jnkmem
ย
The document provides information about the heating and air conditioning systems for a lift truck cab. It describes the main components of the heater assembly including the fan, heater core, vent door, and evaporator. The vent door controls the mix of fresh and recirculated air. The air conditioning system uses a compressor, condenser, dryer, evaporator and expansion valve to cool the air. Sensors and switches control the activation of the air conditioning components based on temperature and pressure. The climate control system operates the heating and air conditioning with an electronic controller instead of manual knobs.
The document summarizes the components and operation of a compressed air system and adsorption air dryer.
The compressed air system supplies instrument and plant air using four screw compressors, separate piping headers, pre-filters, instrument air dryers, after-filters, instrument air receivers, and controls including an emergency stop button and electronic regulator.
The adsorption air dryer removes moisture from compressed air using desiccant towers, heating one tower to regenerate the desiccant while the other tower dries the air in cycles. It has a long desiccant life through indirect heat contact and prevents drops in dew point through heated regeneration compared to heatless dryers.
The document summarizes the key components of a compressed air system and adsorption air dryer. The compressed air system supplies instrument and plant air using four screw compressors, separate piping headers, air filters, receivers, and dryers. It regulates air pressure and has safety features. The adsorption air dryer uses a desiccant to remove moisture from compressed air in cycles of drying, regeneration using heated air, and purging. It has components like towers, valves, heaters and instruments to control the process and ensure dry air output.
This document provides information on the air conditioning and pressurization systems for various Airbus aircraft, including the A318/A319/A320/A321. It describes the components and functions of the air cycle machine cooling packs, temperature control systems, pressurization controls, and other subsystems. The document is intended for training purposes and provides schematics, descriptions, and procedures for normal and abnormal operations of the environmental control systems.
The operations carried out to Light up the Boiler, from Air Cycle Establishment, Oil Handling Plant, Scanner air fans and Igniter Air Fans, Boiler Purging.
Classification of Pneumatic Elements Included Valves, CompressorMohammad Azam Khan
ย
This document classifies and describes various pneumatic elements used in pneumatic systems. It discusses five groups of pneumatic elements:
1. Source and service elements such as compressors, air filters, pressure regulators, and lubricators that supply and condition compressed air.
2. Signal elements including push buttons, levers, and solenoid valves that provide input signals to control pneumatic circuits.
3. Direction control elements like 2/2, 3/2, and 5/3 directional control valves that control the flow of compressed air to pneumatic cylinders and motors to perform work.
4. Final control elements including flow control valves, check valves, and quick exhaust valves that regulate airflow within
This document provides information about the air conditioning system used in LHB AC coaches in India. It discusses the need for air conditioning in railway coaches given India's climate. It then describes the main components of the air conditioning system in LHB coaches, including the RMPU unit, ducting system, and control mechanisms. It explains the vapor compression refrigeration cycle and summarizes the different operating modes of the RMPU unit like pre-heating, pre-cooling, cooling, heating and shutdown.
The document discusses the air and brake systems of a 793D truck. It has separate parking/secondary and service/retarder brake systems. The parking brakes are spring engaged and hydraulically released, while the service brakes are engaged hydraulically via an air-over-oil system. An engine-driven air compressor supplies air to functions like braking and starting. The air flows through tanks, valves, and cylinders to engage the different brake systems.
This document is from a Toyota training course on air conditioning and climate control systems. It covers the basic components and functions of automotive air conditioning systems, including compressors, condensers, evaporators, expansion valves, and controls. It also discusses diagnosing and repairing AC systems, such as checking pressures and using leak detectors to find issues. The document uses diagrams and images to illustrate the components and cycling of refrigerant through the AC system.
The document discusses pneumatic supply systems for piston engines and gas turbine engines. For piston engines, low-pressure air is compressed by a vane-type pump and stored in an accumulator to provide a continuous supply for pneumatic systems like wing deicing boots. For gas turbine engines, bleed air is extracted from one or more compressor stages to supply pneumatic systems, commonly from a low pressure port at an intermediate stage and a high pressure port at a later stage.
The document provides instructions for starting up boilers from a cold state to produce steam. Preparatory steps include starting cooling water systems, filling compressed air cylinders, and checking fuel tanks. To replenish the boiler with feed water, blow-off valves are opened and the boiler is filled via an economizer bypass line. Once full, the economizer bypass is closed and main feed water valves are opened. Sea water flow through the main condenser is started to complete preparations before lighting the boiler burners.
A boiler is a closed vessel that uses heat to convert water into steam. This document discusses different types of boilers, their components, construction features, controls, and efficiency improvements. Fire tube boilers have hot gases pass through tubes submerged in water, while water tube boilers have water pass through tubes surrounded by hot gases. Boilers include safety devices and controls to regulate pressure, water level, fuel supply, and more. Maintaining low excess air and stack temperature, preheating feedwater, and reducing scaling can improve boiler efficiency.
This document provides an overview of key components in an air conditioning system. It discusses how refrigerant is compressed by the compressor and flows through the condenser, thermal expansion valve, evaporator, and back to the compressor to complete the cooling cycle. It also describes the functions of the accumulator or receiver-drier in trapping moisture and debris and storing excess refrigerant liquid. The main differences between the accumulator and receiver-drier are their size and placement within an orifice tube versus expansion valve air conditioning system.
This document provides an overview of key components in an air conditioning system. It discusses how refrigerant is compressed by the compressor and flows through the condenser, thermal expansion valve, evaporator, and back to the compressor to complete the cooling cycle. It also describes the functions of the accumulator or receiver-drier in trapping moisture and debris and storing excess refrigerant liquid. The main differences between the accumulator and receiver-drier are their size and placement within an orifice tube versus expansion valve air conditioning system.
COMPONENTS OF MARINE REFRIGERATION SYSTEM.pptxDeoWarren
ย
The document summarizes the key components of a refrigeration system, including the compressor, condenser, evaporator, expansion valves, and other control components. It describes the purpose and basic functioning of each component. The compressor compresses the refrigerant gas. The condenser condenses the gas into a liquid. The evaporator absorbs heat from the refrigerated space, causing the refrigerant to evaporate. Expansion valves and thermostats regulate refrigerant flow. Together these components form the refrigeration cycle to cool enclosed spaces.
This document provides a table of contents for a guide about an automotive climate control system. It lists 14 topics that will be covered, including the control panel, control module, temperature sensing, air intake, blower control, and special functions. The table of contents gives the page number for each topic, organizing the guide.
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
ย
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
ย
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
ย
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
ย
(๐๐๐ ๐๐๐) (๐๐๐ฌ๐ฌ๐จ๐ง ๐)-๐๐ซ๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฌ
๐๐ข๐ฌ๐๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ซ๐ซ๐ข๐๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐ฆ ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐ก๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ฉ๐ฉ๐ข๐ง๐๐ฌ:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
๐๐ฑ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ญ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ ๐๐ง๐ ๐๐๐จ๐ฉ๐ ๐จ๐ ๐๐ง ๐๐ง๐ญ๐ซ๐๐ฉ๐ซ๐๐ง๐๐ฎ๐ซ:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
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The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
A Free 200-Page eBook ~ Brain and Mind Exercise.pptxOH TEIK BIN
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(A Free eBook comprising 3 Sets of Presentation of a selection of Puzzles, Brain Teasers and Thinking Problems to exercise both the mind and the Right and Left Brain. To help keep the mind and brain fit and healthy. Good for both the young and old alike.
Answers are given for all the puzzles and problems.)
With Metta,
Bro. Oh Teik Bin ๐๐ค๐ค๐ฅฐ
2. 2/55
MENU
The A320 is equipped with two
air conditioning packs located
in the wing root area forward
of the landing gear bay.
Letโs look at how a pack
works.
3. 3/55
MENU
HOT BLEED AIR
Pack Flow
Control Valve
Hot bleed air enters the pack via a pack flow control valve.
The purpose of this valve is to adjust the flow rate
through the pack.
4. 4/55
MENU
Cool Conditioned Air
The air then passes through several stages within the pack that
progressively cool the air to provide a conditioned air output. In
fact, sub-zero temperatures can be achieved.
HOT BLEED AIR
5. 5/55
MENU
Cool Conditioned Air
Two of the stages are heat exchangers that use a flow of ambient air
over them to cool the hot bleed air. This flow of air enters via a pack
inlet scoop and exits via an outlet duct.
HOT BLEED AIR
Pack Inlet Scoop Outlet Duct
6. 6/55
MENU
By-Pass
Valve
HOT BLEED AIR
So that the output temperature of the
pack can be adjusted, a by-pass
valve is fitted.
This valve allows warmer air to be
mixed with the cold air.
Note: The by-pass valve provides for greater fuel efficiency. Since the pack,
in many circumstances, can be by-passed, less bleed air is needed from the
engines. Thus, less thrust is needed, and therefore, less fuel.
7. 7/55
MENU
Pack Flow Control Valve
The pack flow control valve, and
the by-pass valve, are regulated
by a pack controller to vary the
flow rate and temperature output.
Pack
Controller
By-Pass
Valve
8. 8/55
MENU
The pack controller also controls the inlet scoop and outlet duct to vary the amount of air
passing over the heat exchangers.
Note: To avoid ingestion of foreign matter the inlet scoop and outlet duct close
temporarily during take off and landing.
Pack Inlet Scoop Outlet Duct
Pack
Controller
9. 9/55
MENU
Pack 1 Pack 2
The two air conditioning packs operate automatically
and independently to provide cool conditioned air.
HOT BLEED AIR
Cool Conditioned Air
Air Conditioning Packs
11. 11/55
MENU
Ram Air
MIXING UNIT
Pack 1 Pack 2
In case of failure of both packs, ram air is provided via a ram air
valve. We will look at the use of ram air in the abnormal operation
module.
Ram Air
Valve
12. 12/55
MENU
Various pack parameters are monitored by ECAM.
They are:
- Pack flow
- Compressor outlet temperature
- By-pass valve position
- Pack outlet temperature
o
C
5
o
C
15
PACK OUTLET
TEMP
PACK OUTLET
TEMP
BY-PASS VALVE
POSITION
BY-PASS VALVE
POSITION
o
C
120
o
C
115
COMPRESSOR
OUTLET TEMP
COMPRESSOR
OUTLET TEMP
PACK FLOW
PACK FLOW
MIXING UNIT
Pack 1 Pack 2
Ram Air
15. 15/55
MENU
ECAM BLEED Page
Having discussed the air conditioning packs we will now
look at how temperature and flow regulation is achieved
throughout the aircraft.
16. 16/55
MENU
Three Temperature Zones
Mixing Unit
The three outputs from the mixing unit feed three separate
aircraft zones, cockpit, forward cabin, and aft cabin.
Letโs look at how the temperature of the zones is managed.
Pack
1
Pack
2
17. 17/55
MENU
Mixing Unit
A zone control computer monitors the temperatures of the three
zones and sends signals to the pack controllers to set the air
temperature delivered by the packs.
Pack
1
Pack
2
Pack
Controller
Pack
Controller
Zone Control
Computer
19. 19/55
MENU
Hot
Bleed Air
HOT
AIR
Trim Air Valves
Mixing Unit
Since the different areas of the aircraft may require different
amounts of cooling, or heating, hot bleed air can be added via
trim air valves to achieve the demanded temperature for a zone.
Pack
1
Pack
2
22. 22/55
MENU
In the example shown:
โข no hot air is being
added to the cockpit
zone
โข some hot air is being
added to the forward
cabin zone
โข a lot of hot air is
being added to the
aft cabin zone
Hot
Bleed Air
HOT
AIR
Mixing Unit
Pack
1
Pack
2
23. 23/55
MENU
Hot Air
Valve
The trim air valves are supplied via a hot air valve. The
purpose of this valve is to regulate the pressure of the hot
air supplied to the trim system and to act as a shut off.
Hot
Bleed Air
HOT
AIR
Mixing Unit
Pack
1
Pack
2
24. 24/55
MENU
The hot bleed air is supplied to the hot air valve from just
downstream of the pack flow valves. This means that if the pack
flow valves are closed there is no air supplied to the trim system.
The hot air valve and the trim air valves will automatically close.
HOT
AIR
Mixing Unit
Pack
1
Pack
2
31. 31/55
MENU
On the overhead panel there is an AIR COND panel which allows
pilot control of the air conditioning system.
Letโs look at the controls on this panel in a little more detail.
32. 32/55
MENU
The PACK FLOW switches control their
associated pack flow control valves.
OFF
[][][][][][] [][]
OFF
33. 33/55
MENU
[][][][][][] [][]
OFF
In the example shown PACK 1 is selected off and is indicating
closed, while PACK 2 is selected on and is indicating open.
OFF
35. 35/55
MENU
[][][][][][] [][]
The guarded RAM AIR switch controls the RAM AIR valve.
In the example shown the RAM AIR valve is indicating closed.
Use of the RAM AIR switch is restricted to abnormal
conditions that will be discussed later.
36. 36/55
MENU
The HOT AIR switch is associated with the HOT AIR valve. There is a
HOT AIR valve indication on the ECAM COND page.
In the example shown the valve is indicating open.
Now letโs look at temperature control.
HOT AIR Valve
38. 38/55
MENU
HOT
AIR
Mixing Unit
Pack
1
Pack
2 Cabin
Fan
Cabin
Fan
Two cabin fans are fitted to reduce the bleed air requirement, and
therefore save fuel. These fans establish a recirculation flow of air from
the three aircraft zones to the mixing unit. In normal operation there are
no ECAM indications associated with the cabin fans.
39. 39/55
MENU
On the overhead panel there is a CAB FANS switch on the
VENTILATION panel to control the cabin fans. The CAB FANS switch
can be used to switch the fans off in response to ECAM procedure.
44. 44/55
MENU
To provide heating of the cargo compartment, hot
bleed air is supplied via a trim air valve. The
operation of the cargo trim air system is very
similar to the trim air system for the air
conditioning system.
AFT
Cabin
Ambient Air HOT BLEED AIR
Trim Air
Valve
45. 45/55
MENU
A cargo heating controller controls the trim air valve
position to regulate the temperature of the compartment.
The information is presented on the ECAM COND page.
AFT
Cabin
Ambient Air HOT BLEED AIR
CARGO HEATING
CONTROLLER
46. 46/55
MENU
The cargo heating system is an extension of the air
conditioning system. Hot air is routed via an independent
HOT AIR valve for the aft cargo hold.
47. 47/55
MENU
The system has a trim air valve and two isolation valves which
close immediately should smoke be sensed, thus turning the
aft cargo bin into a Class D compartment.
โขIsolation Valves
Trim Air Valve
48. 48/55
MENU
The trim air valve is identical in operation to the trim air
valves for cabin conditioning. It is used to add or subtract
hot air.
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MENU
On the overhead panel there is a CARGO HEAT panel that
contains the controls associated with cargo heating and
conditioning.
51. 51/55
MENU
This is the ISOLATION VALVE switch. This switch
normally remains in the OPEN, or โlights outโ
position.
52. 52/55
MENU
The temperature selector sends demand signals to the CARGO
HEAT controller. The CARGO HEAT controller then moves the
trim air valve to adjust the temperature of the air entering the
compartment.
53. 53/55
MENU
The HOT AIR switch controls the aft cargo compartment HOT
AIR valve via the aft cargo heating controller. This switch also
normally remains in the โlights outโ auto position.
Cargo Heating
Controller
54. 54/55
MENU
For normal operation of the cargo conditioning system the only pilot inputs required
are:
โข to confirm that the switches are in their normal โlights outโ position
โข to set the required temperatures
Note that the mid position of the temperature selector is approximately 60 degrees F.