SlideShare a Scribd company logo
TYPES OF GOVERNMENT
* Government by one person
* Government by the few
Aristocracy
Oligarchy
* Government by the Many =
DEMOCRACY (Us)
TYPES OF DEMOCRACY
• 1. Direct
• 2. Representative
Direct democracy
People make law/policy
themselves
Example: Initiative: Citizen petition
places proposed law/constitutional
amendment on ballot, people vote
yes or no (state level – Florida)
• Representative government –
– We elect people to make decisions for us,
trust they will make decisions we support.
– Do they truly represent the citizens who
elect them? Which citizens get the “most”
representation?
– What do we expect out of our
representatives? Should they mirror their
constituents’ views (be delegates) or be
allowed leeway to exercise their own
judgment (trustees)?
Implications of having
representative gov’t
(elected officials)
Many countries have elections, but US is
unique in 1. how its electoral system
works, and 2. how elections affect the
winners and the governed
“Politics in US driven by electoral
influences”
How are US elections unique?
• Number
• Frequency
• Length of campaigns
• “Permanent Campaign” – why does this
exist?
Why is there a permanent
campaign?
– Separation of elections
– Decline of parties (nominations) Rise of
interest groups
– Growth of polling
– Technological advances
– Cost of campaigns – constant fundraising
by individual candidates, national
campaign committees,
What does government do?
• 1. Maintain national defense (armed
forces ) - $600+ billion per year on ND
• 2. Provide public goods/services
(schools, libraries, highways etc.)
• 3. Preserve order ( police/national
guard)
• 4. Socialize the young (through schools)
• 5. Collect taxes to pay for #2
Where does policy come
from?
• “The people?” Transmit preferences to
policymakers in government through
“linkage institutions” (parties, elections,
interest groups, media)
• Citizens shape the government’s
POLICY AGENDA
• Main policymaking institutions:
Congress, presidency, courts (&
bureaucracy)
What does democracy mean?
• Traditional democratic theory
emphasizes certain principles:
– MAJORITY RULE, but also
– MINORITY RIGHTS (e.g. to freedom of
speech, assembly)
– REPRESENTATION (Wishes of “the
people” should be “made present
again”/honored/carried out by elected
officials)
Modern theories of American
democracy – how it works
• 1. PLURALISM – Policymaking should
be open to participation of all groups
with no single group dominating (Dahl)
• 2. ELITISM - Pluralists too
optimistic/unrealistic – Upper class elite
(the wealthy/big business) pulls the
strings of government.
(Schattschneider)
• 3.
• 3. HYPERPLURALISM –
• “pluralism gone sour” – Lots of groups
out there, so many competing groups
that government can’t act. Also too
many ways for groups to get their way –
multiple levels of government and veto
points at which groups can use the
political system to their advantage. The
“public interest” loses out.
Challenges to democracy
• Complexity of issues (can average
citizen understand them? If not, what
does it mean for representatives to
carry out citizens’ preferences?)
• Limited participation in government
(especially by young people)
• Rising campaign costs – money talks…
• Policy gridlock (relates to
hyperpluralism)

More Related Content

Similar to 2041-lecture-1.ppt

Democratic-Interventions.pdf
Democratic-Interventions.pdfDemocratic-Interventions.pdf
Democratic-Interventions.pdf
ReyneCareyneVirayDor
 
Democracy-complete-notes.pdf
Democracy-complete-notes.pdfDemocracy-complete-notes.pdf
Democracy-complete-notes.pdf
MuhammadSajed1
 
Politics and society
Politics and societyPolitics and society
Politics and society
Maestruzguapo Ventura
 
Wtp9 s ch01_for upload
Wtp9 s ch01_for uploadWtp9 s ch01_for upload
Wtp9 s ch01_for upload
dgarniernorton
 
Week 9: Government and the Economy
Week 9: Government and the Economy Week 9: Government and the Economy
Week 9: Government and the Economy
kilgore1
 
Political Institution(Polity)- jaya
Political Institution(Polity)- jayaPolitical Institution(Polity)- jaya
Political Institution(Polity)- jaya
Jaya Silwal
 
Democracy in brief
Democracy in briefDemocracy in brief
Democracy in brief
University of Gujrat
 
Tabakian Pols 1 Summer 2014 Power 1
Tabakian Pols 1 Summer 2014 Power 1Tabakian Pols 1 Summer 2014 Power 1
Tabakian Pols 1 Summer 2014 Power 1
John Paul Tabakian
 
Chapter 8&9
Chapter 8&9Chapter 8&9
Chapter 8&9
bethanyroisland
 
Social justice and rights sping12
Social justice and rights sping12Social justice and rights sping12
Social justice and rights sping12
forbk
 
Origins of American Government
Origins of American GovernmentOrigins of American Government
Origins of American Government
UD Teacher
 
PERSONALITIES.Political and Party system A political system refers to the sec...
PERSONALITIES.Political and Party system A political system refers to the sec...PERSONALITIES.Political and Party system A political system refers to the sec...
PERSONALITIES.Political and Party system A political system refers to the sec...
MaisaVillafuerte
 
Gov unit1
Gov unit1Gov unit1
Gov unit1
Ulster BOCES
 
Can democracy protect human freedoms?
Can democracy protect human freedoms?Can democracy protect human freedoms?
Can democracy protect human freedoms?
Sharon Wong
 
FASCISM.pptx
FASCISM.pptxFASCISM.pptx
FASCISM.pptx
ellamay13
 
Tabakian Pols 1 Summer 2014 Power 7
Tabakian Pols 1 Summer 2014 Power 7Tabakian Pols 1 Summer 2014 Power 7
Tabakian Pols 1 Summer 2014 Power 7
John Paul Tabakian
 
Presentation1 intro to Gov
Presentation1 intro to GovPresentation1 intro to Gov
Presentation1 intro to Gov
cheid
 
Political Science 1 - Introduction To Political Science - Power Point #6
Political Science 1 - Introduction To Political Science - Power Point #6Political Science 1 - Introduction To Political Science - Power Point #6
Political Science 1 - Introduction To Political Science - Power Point #6
John Paul Tabakian
 
Tabakian Pols 1 Summer 2014 Power 8
Tabakian Pols 1 Summer 2014 Power 8Tabakian Pols 1 Summer 2014 Power 8
Tabakian Pols 1 Summer 2014 Power 8
John Paul Tabakian
 
Bjmc i, igp, unit-iii, electrol system
Bjmc i, igp, unit-iii, electrol systemBjmc i, igp, unit-iii, electrol system
Bjmc i, igp, unit-iii, electrol system
Rai University
 

Similar to 2041-lecture-1.ppt (20)

Democratic-Interventions.pdf
Democratic-Interventions.pdfDemocratic-Interventions.pdf
Democratic-Interventions.pdf
 
Democracy-complete-notes.pdf
Democracy-complete-notes.pdfDemocracy-complete-notes.pdf
Democracy-complete-notes.pdf
 
Politics and society
Politics and societyPolitics and society
Politics and society
 
Wtp9 s ch01_for upload
Wtp9 s ch01_for uploadWtp9 s ch01_for upload
Wtp9 s ch01_for upload
 
Week 9: Government and the Economy
Week 9: Government and the Economy Week 9: Government and the Economy
Week 9: Government and the Economy
 
Political Institution(Polity)- jaya
Political Institution(Polity)- jayaPolitical Institution(Polity)- jaya
Political Institution(Polity)- jaya
 
Democracy in brief
Democracy in briefDemocracy in brief
Democracy in brief
 
Tabakian Pols 1 Summer 2014 Power 1
Tabakian Pols 1 Summer 2014 Power 1Tabakian Pols 1 Summer 2014 Power 1
Tabakian Pols 1 Summer 2014 Power 1
 
Chapter 8&9
Chapter 8&9Chapter 8&9
Chapter 8&9
 
Social justice and rights sping12
Social justice and rights sping12Social justice and rights sping12
Social justice and rights sping12
 
Origins of American Government
Origins of American GovernmentOrigins of American Government
Origins of American Government
 
PERSONALITIES.Political and Party system A political system refers to the sec...
PERSONALITIES.Political and Party system A political system refers to the sec...PERSONALITIES.Political and Party system A political system refers to the sec...
PERSONALITIES.Political and Party system A political system refers to the sec...
 
Gov unit1
Gov unit1Gov unit1
Gov unit1
 
Can democracy protect human freedoms?
Can democracy protect human freedoms?Can democracy protect human freedoms?
Can democracy protect human freedoms?
 
FASCISM.pptx
FASCISM.pptxFASCISM.pptx
FASCISM.pptx
 
Tabakian Pols 1 Summer 2014 Power 7
Tabakian Pols 1 Summer 2014 Power 7Tabakian Pols 1 Summer 2014 Power 7
Tabakian Pols 1 Summer 2014 Power 7
 
Presentation1 intro to Gov
Presentation1 intro to GovPresentation1 intro to Gov
Presentation1 intro to Gov
 
Political Science 1 - Introduction To Political Science - Power Point #6
Political Science 1 - Introduction To Political Science - Power Point #6Political Science 1 - Introduction To Political Science - Power Point #6
Political Science 1 - Introduction To Political Science - Power Point #6
 
Tabakian Pols 1 Summer 2014 Power 8
Tabakian Pols 1 Summer 2014 Power 8Tabakian Pols 1 Summer 2014 Power 8
Tabakian Pols 1 Summer 2014 Power 8
 
Bjmc i, igp, unit-iii, electrol system
Bjmc i, igp, unit-iii, electrol systemBjmc i, igp, unit-iii, electrol system
Bjmc i, igp, unit-iii, electrol system
 

More from NorMayJeanHinayas1

Buddhism thirdddddddddrrdddddddddddd.pdf
Buddhism thirdddddddddrrdddddddddddd.pdfBuddhism thirdddddddddrrdddddddddddd.pdf
Buddhism thirdddddddddrrdddddddddddd.pdf
NorMayJeanHinayas1
 
Hinduism secondddddddddddddddddddddd.pdf
Hinduism secondddddddddddddddddddddd.pdfHinduism secondddddddddddddddddddddd.pdf
Hinduism secondddddddddddddddddddddd.pdf
NorMayJeanHinayas1
 
final Hinduismmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm.pdf
final Hinduismmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm.pdffinal Hinduismmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm.pdf
final Hinduismmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm.pdf
NorMayJeanHinayas1
 
2nd final Origins of Judaisssssm PPT.ppt
2nd final Origins of Judaisssssm PPT.ppt2nd final Origins of Judaisssssm PPT.ppt
2nd final Origins of Judaisssssm PPT.ppt
NorMayJeanHinayas1
 
final JUDAISMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm.pdf
final JUDAISMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm.pdffinal JUDAISMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm.pdf
final JUDAISMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm.pdf
NorMayJeanHinayas1
 
SLAC-Certificate-Andannnnnnnnnnnnnnn.pdf
SLAC-Certificate-Andannnnnnnnnnnnnnn.pdfSLAC-Certificate-Andannnnnnnnnnnnnnn.pdf
SLAC-Certificate-Andannnnnnnnnnnnnnn.pdf
NorMayJeanHinayas1
 
Catch-up-Fridays-Monitoring-Tool-Peace-Education.docx
Catch-up-Fridays-Monitoring-Tool-Peace-Education.docxCatch-up-Fridays-Monitoring-Tool-Peace-Education.docx
Catch-up-Fridays-Monitoring-Tool-Peace-Education.docx
NorMayJeanHinayas1
 
14-Class-Schedule-1st-Sem-2022-2023-new-2.pdf
14-Class-Schedule-1st-Sem-2022-2023-new-2.pdf14-Class-Schedule-1st-Sem-2022-2023-new-2.pdf
14-Class-Schedule-1st-Sem-2022-2023-new-2.pdf
NorMayJeanHinayas1
 
1 IWR world view-religion-spirituality.pdf
1 IWR world view-religion-spirituality.pdf1 IWR world view-religion-spirituality.pdf
1 IWR world view-religion-spirituality.pdf
NorMayJeanHinayas1
 
160427-dandelion-template-16x9.pptx
160427-dandelion-template-16x9.pptx160427-dandelion-template-16x9.pptx
160427-dandelion-template-16x9.pptx
NorMayJeanHinayas1
 
Culture and Society.ppt
Culture and Society.pptCulture and Society.ppt
Culture and Society.ppt
NorMayJeanHinayas1
 
current legal .pptx
current legal .pptxcurrent legal .pptx
current legal .pptx
NorMayJeanHinayas1
 
mfat-final-region.pptx
mfat-final-region.pptxmfat-final-region.pptx
mfat-final-region.pptx
NorMayJeanHinayas1
 
Research Definition.ppt
Research Definition.pptResearch Definition.ppt
Research Definition.ppt
NorMayJeanHinayas1
 
TOS-DIASS-3rd-quarterly-test.docx
TOS-DIASS-3rd-quarterly-test.docxTOS-DIASS-3rd-quarterly-test.docx
TOS-DIASS-3rd-quarterly-test.docx
NorMayJeanHinayas1
 
TOS-UCSP-3rd-quater.docx
TOS-UCSP-3rd-quater.docxTOS-UCSP-3rd-quater.docx
TOS-UCSP-3rd-quater.docx
NorMayJeanHinayas1
 
review-grade-11-3rd-quarter.pptx
review-grade-11-3rd-quarter.pptxreview-grade-11-3rd-quarter.pptx
review-grade-11-3rd-quarter.pptx
NorMayJeanHinayas1
 
Shintoism.ppt
Shintoism.pptShintoism.ppt
Shintoism.ppt
NorMayJeanHinayas1
 
demo.ppt
demo.pptdemo.ppt
14-Class.pdf
14-Class.pdf14-Class.pdf
14-Class.pdf
NorMayJeanHinayas1
 

More from NorMayJeanHinayas1 (20)

Buddhism thirdddddddddrrdddddddddddd.pdf
Buddhism thirdddddddddrrdddddddddddd.pdfBuddhism thirdddddddddrrdddddddddddd.pdf
Buddhism thirdddddddddrrdddddddddddd.pdf
 
Hinduism secondddddddddddddddddddddd.pdf
Hinduism secondddddddddddddddddddddd.pdfHinduism secondddddddddddddddddddddd.pdf
Hinduism secondddddddddddddddddddddd.pdf
 
final Hinduismmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm.pdf
final Hinduismmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm.pdffinal Hinduismmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm.pdf
final Hinduismmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm.pdf
 
2nd final Origins of Judaisssssm PPT.ppt
2nd final Origins of Judaisssssm PPT.ppt2nd final Origins of Judaisssssm PPT.ppt
2nd final Origins of Judaisssssm PPT.ppt
 
final JUDAISMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm.pdf
final JUDAISMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm.pdffinal JUDAISMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm.pdf
final JUDAISMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm.pdf
 
SLAC-Certificate-Andannnnnnnnnnnnnnn.pdf
SLAC-Certificate-Andannnnnnnnnnnnnnn.pdfSLAC-Certificate-Andannnnnnnnnnnnnnn.pdf
SLAC-Certificate-Andannnnnnnnnnnnnnn.pdf
 
Catch-up-Fridays-Monitoring-Tool-Peace-Education.docx
Catch-up-Fridays-Monitoring-Tool-Peace-Education.docxCatch-up-Fridays-Monitoring-Tool-Peace-Education.docx
Catch-up-Fridays-Monitoring-Tool-Peace-Education.docx
 
14-Class-Schedule-1st-Sem-2022-2023-new-2.pdf
14-Class-Schedule-1st-Sem-2022-2023-new-2.pdf14-Class-Schedule-1st-Sem-2022-2023-new-2.pdf
14-Class-Schedule-1st-Sem-2022-2023-new-2.pdf
 
1 IWR world view-religion-spirituality.pdf
1 IWR world view-religion-spirituality.pdf1 IWR world view-religion-spirituality.pdf
1 IWR world view-religion-spirituality.pdf
 
160427-dandelion-template-16x9.pptx
160427-dandelion-template-16x9.pptx160427-dandelion-template-16x9.pptx
160427-dandelion-template-16x9.pptx
 
Culture and Society.ppt
Culture and Society.pptCulture and Society.ppt
Culture and Society.ppt
 
current legal .pptx
current legal .pptxcurrent legal .pptx
current legal .pptx
 
mfat-final-region.pptx
mfat-final-region.pptxmfat-final-region.pptx
mfat-final-region.pptx
 
Research Definition.ppt
Research Definition.pptResearch Definition.ppt
Research Definition.ppt
 
TOS-DIASS-3rd-quarterly-test.docx
TOS-DIASS-3rd-quarterly-test.docxTOS-DIASS-3rd-quarterly-test.docx
TOS-DIASS-3rd-quarterly-test.docx
 
TOS-UCSP-3rd-quater.docx
TOS-UCSP-3rd-quater.docxTOS-UCSP-3rd-quater.docx
TOS-UCSP-3rd-quater.docx
 
review-grade-11-3rd-quarter.pptx
review-grade-11-3rd-quarter.pptxreview-grade-11-3rd-quarter.pptx
review-grade-11-3rd-quarter.pptx
 
Shintoism.ppt
Shintoism.pptShintoism.ppt
Shintoism.ppt
 
demo.ppt
demo.pptdemo.ppt
demo.ppt
 
14-Class.pdf
14-Class.pdf14-Class.pdf
14-Class.pdf
 

Recently uploaded

Cognitive Development Adolescence Psychology
Cognitive Development Adolescence PsychologyCognitive Development Adolescence Psychology
Cognitive Development Adolescence Psychology
paigestewart1632
 
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMHow to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
Celine George
 
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptxChapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Mohd Adib Abd Muin, Senior Lecturer at Universiti Utara Malaysia
 
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movieFilm vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Nicholas Montgomery
 
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
 
Hindi varnamala | hindi alphabet PPT.pdf
Hindi varnamala | hindi alphabet PPT.pdfHindi varnamala | hindi alphabet PPT.pdf
Hindi varnamala | hindi alphabet PPT.pdf
Dr. Mulla Adam Ali
 
PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
Dr. Shivangi Singh Parihar
 
UGC NET Exam Paper 1- Unit 1:Teaching Aptitude
UGC NET Exam Paper 1- Unit 1:Teaching AptitudeUGC NET Exam Paper 1- Unit 1:Teaching Aptitude
UGC NET Exam Paper 1- Unit 1:Teaching Aptitude
S. Raj Kumar
 
The Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collection
The Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collectionThe Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collection
The Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collection
Israel Genealogy Research Association
 
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skillsspot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
haiqairshad
 
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
Academy of Science of South Africa
 
Wound healing PPT
Wound healing PPTWound healing PPT
Wound healing PPT
Jyoti Chand
 
PIMS Job Advertisement 2024.pdf Islamabad
PIMS Job Advertisement 2024.pdf IslamabadPIMS Job Advertisement 2024.pdf Islamabad
PIMS Job Advertisement 2024.pdf Islamabad
AyyanKhan40
 
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
BBR 2024 Summer Sessions Interview Training
BBR  2024 Summer Sessions Interview TrainingBBR  2024 Summer Sessions Interview Training
BBR 2024 Summer Sessions Interview Training
Katrina Pritchard
 
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdfLiberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
WaniBasim
 
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
Wahiba Chair Training & Consulting
 
The basics of sentences session 6pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 6pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 6pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 6pptx.pptx
heathfieldcps1
 
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfWalmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
TechSoup
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Cognitive Development Adolescence Psychology
Cognitive Development Adolescence PsychologyCognitive Development Adolescence Psychology
Cognitive Development Adolescence Psychology
 
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMHow to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
 
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptxChapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
 
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
 
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movieFilm vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
 
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
 
Hindi varnamala | hindi alphabet PPT.pdf
Hindi varnamala | hindi alphabet PPT.pdfHindi varnamala | hindi alphabet PPT.pdf
Hindi varnamala | hindi alphabet PPT.pdf
 
PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
 
UGC NET Exam Paper 1- Unit 1:Teaching Aptitude
UGC NET Exam Paper 1- Unit 1:Teaching AptitudeUGC NET Exam Paper 1- Unit 1:Teaching Aptitude
UGC NET Exam Paper 1- Unit 1:Teaching Aptitude
 
The Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collection
The Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collectionThe Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collection
The Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collection
 
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skillsspot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
 
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
 
Wound healing PPT
Wound healing PPTWound healing PPT
Wound healing PPT
 
PIMS Job Advertisement 2024.pdf Islamabad
PIMS Job Advertisement 2024.pdf IslamabadPIMS Job Advertisement 2024.pdf Islamabad
PIMS Job Advertisement 2024.pdf Islamabad
 
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
 
BBR 2024 Summer Sessions Interview Training
BBR  2024 Summer Sessions Interview TrainingBBR  2024 Summer Sessions Interview Training
BBR 2024 Summer Sessions Interview Training
 
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdfLiberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
 
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
 
The basics of sentences session 6pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 6pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 6pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 6pptx.pptx
 
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfWalmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
 

2041-lecture-1.ppt

  • 1. TYPES OF GOVERNMENT * Government by one person * Government by the few Aristocracy Oligarchy * Government by the Many = DEMOCRACY (Us)
  • 2. TYPES OF DEMOCRACY • 1. Direct • 2. Representative
  • 3. Direct democracy People make law/policy themselves Example: Initiative: Citizen petition places proposed law/constitutional amendment on ballot, people vote yes or no (state level – Florida)
  • 4. • Representative government – – We elect people to make decisions for us, trust they will make decisions we support. – Do they truly represent the citizens who elect them? Which citizens get the “most” representation? – What do we expect out of our representatives? Should they mirror their constituents’ views (be delegates) or be allowed leeway to exercise their own judgment (trustees)?
  • 5. Implications of having representative gov’t (elected officials) Many countries have elections, but US is unique in 1. how its electoral system works, and 2. how elections affect the winners and the governed “Politics in US driven by electoral influences”
  • 6. How are US elections unique? • Number • Frequency • Length of campaigns • “Permanent Campaign” – why does this exist?
  • 7. Why is there a permanent campaign? – Separation of elections – Decline of parties (nominations) Rise of interest groups – Growth of polling – Technological advances – Cost of campaigns – constant fundraising by individual candidates, national campaign committees,
  • 8. What does government do? • 1. Maintain national defense (armed forces ) - $600+ billion per year on ND • 2. Provide public goods/services (schools, libraries, highways etc.) • 3. Preserve order ( police/national guard) • 4. Socialize the young (through schools) • 5. Collect taxes to pay for #2
  • 9. Where does policy come from? • “The people?” Transmit preferences to policymakers in government through “linkage institutions” (parties, elections, interest groups, media) • Citizens shape the government’s POLICY AGENDA • Main policymaking institutions: Congress, presidency, courts (& bureaucracy)
  • 10. What does democracy mean? • Traditional democratic theory emphasizes certain principles: – MAJORITY RULE, but also – MINORITY RIGHTS (e.g. to freedom of speech, assembly) – REPRESENTATION (Wishes of “the people” should be “made present again”/honored/carried out by elected officials)
  • 11. Modern theories of American democracy – how it works • 1. PLURALISM – Policymaking should be open to participation of all groups with no single group dominating (Dahl) • 2. ELITISM - Pluralists too optimistic/unrealistic – Upper class elite (the wealthy/big business) pulls the strings of government. (Schattschneider) • 3.
  • 12. • 3. HYPERPLURALISM – • “pluralism gone sour” – Lots of groups out there, so many competing groups that government can’t act. Also too many ways for groups to get their way – multiple levels of government and veto points at which groups can use the political system to their advantage. The “public interest” loses out.
  • 13. Challenges to democracy • Complexity of issues (can average citizen understand them? If not, what does it mean for representatives to carry out citizens’ preferences?) • Limited participation in government (especially by young people) • Rising campaign costs – money talks… • Policy gridlock (relates to hyperpluralism)