To Regulate or not to Regulate - Opening the AI Black Box for Parliaments Dr. Fotios Fitsilis
This document discusses the regulation of artificial intelligence (AI) in parliaments. It notes that while AI is being hyped, current systems are narrow and not true artificial general intelligence. Only about 10% of parliaments currently make use of AI. The document examines potential AI use cases for parliamentary processes and outlines several directions for research on AI challenges like ethics, bias, and legal issues. It argues that parliaments need to work cooperatively to determine appropriate regulatory parameters for emerging technologies and develop in-house regulations and transparency to govern advanced algorithms and build trust.
This document discusses integrating the LEOS legislation drafting software with the ManyLaws legal informatics platform. LEOS allows for online collaboration on legislation, while ManyLaws relates laws within and across countries and translates them. Integrating the tools would allow users to access relevant laws from other jurisdictions, compare legal elements, and create metadata during drafting to make new legislation retrievable in ManyLaws. This would provide a powerful solution for legislation drafting within the EU. The document outlines ManyLaws' process for handling legal data and how LEOS could integrate to directly input new data and access ManyLaws' services.
This document summarizes a presentation on responsible use of AI in governance. It discusses the legal impacts of AI, including on legislation, legal professions, and legal subjects. It also examines AI concepts/methods and the debate around AI hype vs. concerns. The EU and member state initiatives on AI ethics and regulations are outlined, as well as international "soft law" approaches. It concludes by questioning whether traditional lawmaking can adequately address AI and the future of normative frameworks.
Presentation by Sébastien Soriano at the OECD Global Conference on Governance Innovation which took place in Paris on 13-14 January 2020. Further information is available at http://www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy/oecd-global-conference-on-governance-innovation.htm.
Hong Kong ICT Policies and OpportunitiesCharles Mok
The document discusses Hong Kong's ICT policies and opportunities for developing smart city initiatives. It notes that while other cities have used technologies like cloud computing and big data to improve areas like traffic, climate, and crime, Hong Kong must focus on citizens' needs to develop its own smart city path. However, existing policies may not be adapting fast enough to new technologies. Key challenges include ensuring data security and ownership when using cloud services, and whether Hong Kong's legal framework is adequate given technological advances. The document outlines Hong Kong's current data protection laws and regulatory challenges around balancing policies with innovation. It also provides updates on recent smart city planning efforts and discusses priorities, policies, and challenges to overcome in developing Hong Kong as a smart city
Jobs | Growth | Invest | Innovation
Charles Mok's policy address and budget proposals to Hong Kong SAR Government
Presentation to HK General Chamber of Commerce
Enhancing Hong Kong's Competitiveness Through Data Center and Cloud Computing...Charles Mok
The document discusses trends driving increased demand for data centers globally and in Asia Pacific. It notes that cloud workloads and traffic are expected to more than triple and increase at 33% annually by 2019. This will require more data center capacity and infrastructure upgrades. Countries in Asia are working to attract technology firms' data center investments through incentives and policies. Hong Kong is well positioned as a data center hub but needs to address challenges like limited land supply and coordination between industry and government to better facilitate growth and competitiveness in this sector.
To Regulate or not to Regulate - Opening the AI Black Box for Parliaments Dr. Fotios Fitsilis
This document discusses the regulation of artificial intelligence (AI) in parliaments. It notes that while AI is being hyped, current systems are narrow and not true artificial general intelligence. Only about 10% of parliaments currently make use of AI. The document examines potential AI use cases for parliamentary processes and outlines several directions for research on AI challenges like ethics, bias, and legal issues. It argues that parliaments need to work cooperatively to determine appropriate regulatory parameters for emerging technologies and develop in-house regulations and transparency to govern advanced algorithms and build trust.
This document discusses integrating the LEOS legislation drafting software with the ManyLaws legal informatics platform. LEOS allows for online collaboration on legislation, while ManyLaws relates laws within and across countries and translates them. Integrating the tools would allow users to access relevant laws from other jurisdictions, compare legal elements, and create metadata during drafting to make new legislation retrievable in ManyLaws. This would provide a powerful solution for legislation drafting within the EU. The document outlines ManyLaws' process for handling legal data and how LEOS could integrate to directly input new data and access ManyLaws' services.
This document summarizes a presentation on responsible use of AI in governance. It discusses the legal impacts of AI, including on legislation, legal professions, and legal subjects. It also examines AI concepts/methods and the debate around AI hype vs. concerns. The EU and member state initiatives on AI ethics and regulations are outlined, as well as international "soft law" approaches. It concludes by questioning whether traditional lawmaking can adequately address AI and the future of normative frameworks.
Presentation by Sébastien Soriano at the OECD Global Conference on Governance Innovation which took place in Paris on 13-14 January 2020. Further information is available at http://www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy/oecd-global-conference-on-governance-innovation.htm.
Hong Kong ICT Policies and OpportunitiesCharles Mok
The document discusses Hong Kong's ICT policies and opportunities for developing smart city initiatives. It notes that while other cities have used technologies like cloud computing and big data to improve areas like traffic, climate, and crime, Hong Kong must focus on citizens' needs to develop its own smart city path. However, existing policies may not be adapting fast enough to new technologies. Key challenges include ensuring data security and ownership when using cloud services, and whether Hong Kong's legal framework is adequate given technological advances. The document outlines Hong Kong's current data protection laws and regulatory challenges around balancing policies with innovation. It also provides updates on recent smart city planning efforts and discusses priorities, policies, and challenges to overcome in developing Hong Kong as a smart city
Jobs | Growth | Invest | Innovation
Charles Mok's policy address and budget proposals to Hong Kong SAR Government
Presentation to HK General Chamber of Commerce
Enhancing Hong Kong's Competitiveness Through Data Center and Cloud Computing...Charles Mok
The document discusses trends driving increased demand for data centers globally and in Asia Pacific. It notes that cloud workloads and traffic are expected to more than triple and increase at 33% annually by 2019. This will require more data center capacity and infrastructure upgrades. Countries in Asia are working to attract technology firms' data center investments through incentives and policies. Hong Kong is well positioned as a data center hub but needs to address challenges like limited land supply and coordination between industry and government to better facilitate growth and competitiveness in this sector.
Information Communication Technology
Malaysia's Digital Economy: ICT
Business Information and Business Intelligence
Growth Hacking Economy System Concept
Views on Regulation and Governance issues in the Network of the Future - presentation given by Tapio Levä on behalf of the SAIL project at the 6th FP7 concertation meeting.
Artificial intelligence (ai) multidisciplinary perspectives on emerging chall...PanagiotisKeramidis
This document discusses artificial intelligence (AI) and its emerging challenges and opportunities. It notes that AI is increasing the capability of algorithms and machines to perform human tasks through technologies like autonomous vehicles, chatbots, and medical diagnosis. However, society has yet to fully understand the ethical, economic, and social impacts of AI. The document outlines several challenges of AI, including unintended consequences, economic challenges like cost, data challenges around quality and access, and technological challenges regarding transparency and interpretability. It concludes by discussing how AI could impact the UN's sustainable development goals both positively through improved productivity and healthcare, and negatively through job disruption and increased inequality if not properly managed.
e-estonia diginno-Toomas Turk @lovedigital.si, Slovenian digitalization compe...Aleš Vidmar
Estonia is beaking headway in terms of building an e-society and it shows in its unique approach to all aspects (education, economy, politics, health, social services). In the presentation one may see, just how many steps can be made.
Presentation and useful links:
e-Estonia - https://e-estonia.com/
Estonian Clusters - https://www.estonianclusters.ee/language/en/
Connected Health - http://connectedhealth.ee/
Smart City Lab http://smartcitylab.eu/
ITL and ICT Cluster - https://itl.ee/estonian_ict_cluster
Startup Estonia - https://www.startupestonia.ee/
Garage48 - http://garage48.org/
Prototron - http://prototron.ee/en/
Ajujaht - http://www.ajujaht.ee/en/
Level11 - https://level11.ee/
EU projects
DIGINNO - https://www.diginnobsr.eu/
SME2G0 - http://sme2go.eu/
Technology competence centers
https://www.estonianclusters.ee/cluster-partners/tehnoloogia-arenduskeskused/
Samos Summit Innovative public services in Europe – taking stock and lookin...samossummit
1. The document discusses a project between the European Commission's DGs Digit and JRC researching innovative public services, interoperability, and emerging technologies.
2. Preliminary results found most cases of innovative public services in Europe involve APIs and AI, with the biggest needs being skills, stakeholder support, usable legacy systems, and data infrastructure.
3. An outlook proposes an Innovative Public Services Observatory database to share experiences and identify projects using technologies to modernize public services.
Opportunities and Policies for Innovation in Data-Centric EconomyCharles Mok
This document discusses opportunities for innovation in the data-centric economy. It notes that data is the lifeblood of business and its use is reshaping the economy through data analytics, machine learning, artificial intelligence and other data-driven services. Examples of opportunities include FinTech applications like lending, payments and wealth management. Developing into a smart city requires using open data policies and real-time traffic data to enable tools for urban management. Privacy, cybersecurity and trust are crucial considerations for policymakers seeking to support data-driven economic activities through regulations that maintain competition while fostering certainty and consumer trust.
EDF2014: Talk of Ioannis Kotsiopoulos, European Dynamics: Semantics – Interop...European Data Forum
Invited Talk of Ioannis Kotsiopoulos, European Dynamics at the European Data Forum 2014, 19 March 2014 in Athens, Greece: Semantics – Interoperability – Integration: A multi-faceted problem
EDF2014: Talk of Marta Nagy-Rothengass, Head of Unit Data Value Chain, Direct...European Data Forum
Invited Talk of Marta Nagy-Rothengass, Head of Unit Data Value Chain, Directorate General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology at the European Data Forum 2014, 19 March 2014 in Athens, Greece: Collaborating on interoperability to achieve a Digital Single Market
Eleanor Chappell
Commission on Travel Demand Shared Mobility Inquiry – Evidence Session 4
16 July, Royal Automobile Club
The fourth evidence session covered both the context in which the shared mobility inquiry sits and the policy options which could be deployed to accelerate sharing and other wider initiatives which they might connect to.
Presentation given at Giornata di studio su "eGovernment e Cloud Computing"
http://www.digitpa.gov.it/notizie/giornata-di-studio-su-egovernment-e-cloud-computing
Mário Campolargo - Services and clouds as cornerstones of the Digital AgendaServiceWave 2010
Mário Campolargo - Services and clouds as cornerstones of the Digital Agenda
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Dr. Thierry Priol, INRIA, ServiceWave General Chair - Opening Welcome (edit)
Tags Description Dr. Thierry Priol, INRIA, ServiceWave General Chair - Opening Welcome Service Wave 2010 - Tuesday Dec 14th 2010
IoTAA State of the Nation with KPMG - July 2019 Frank Zeichner
The document discusses the state of IoT globally and in Australia. Some key points:
- The World Economic Forum report found that while countries have improved their competitiveness, more progress is needed in key IoT indicators like deployed devices and market growth.
- IoT is forecast to have strong market growth globally and in Australia, with the potential to generate billions annually for Australia by 2025 across key industries.
- Both globally and in Australia, there is growth and consolidation in IoT platforms and new connectivity solutions, as well as policy and initiative shifts to support IoT adoption, including initiatives to define standards and address barriers to adoption.
The 5thGear programme aims to:
1) Maintain Finland's position as a leader in wireless communications research through ensuring participation in defining 5G standards and technologies.
2) Establish Finland as a leading location for 5G piloting and collaboration between companies, universities, and other organizations in the Finnish ecosystem.
3) Leverage 5G research results to enable innovations beyond telecommunications and create new business opportunities for Finnish companies.
The document summarizes Hong Kong's position on developing data centers and identifies challenges. It outlines Hong Kong's advantages but notes a lack of affordable land and infrastructure issues. While the government recognizes opportunities, past reports and policies have failed to address the industry's needs. Coordinated policy support is still needed to provide consistent land supply and infrastructure improvements to help Hong Kong compete for data center investment.
Paper Submission - International Journal of Managing Public Sector Informatio...ijmpict
The International Journal of Managing Public Sector Information and Communication Technologies ( IJMPICT ) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles that contribute new results in regards to the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the public sector around the world. ICT are becoming fundamental to the operation of government agencies, especially in light of the development of e-government applications and rising citizen expectations.
EDF2014: José Ignacio Sánchez Valdenebro, Deputy Director of Digital Public S...European Data Forum
Selected Talk of José Ignacio Sánchez Valdenebro, Deputy Director of Digital Public Services Department, Entidad Publica Empresarial Red.es at the European Data Forum 2014, 19 March 2014 in Athens, Greece: Aporta Project: National Strategy for encourage PSI in Spain
Looking beyond 2020 IEEE – 13th System of Systems Engineering Conference - So...Sandro D'Elia
The document discusses the European Union's plans to invest heavily in digital technologies and cyber-physical systems through several new programs like Horizon Europe and Digital Europe. It proposes four pillars to develop trustworthy cyber-physical systems: 1) Increasing trust and acceptance through more reliable and explainable AI, 2) Improving productivity with more dependable software development tools, 3) Delivering major gains in computing energy efficiency, and 4) Giving European industry full access to hardware internals. The overall goal is to build systems of systems that people can trust and accept at the frontiers of cyber, physical and social systems.
Tony Velin : plateforme coopérative pour la recherche et l’innovation - IoT ...IoT Tunisia
The document discusses the MOSAIC project which aims to foster cooperation between Europe and Mediterranean countries on research and innovation in information and communication technologies (ICT) and how ICT can support common societal challenges. It outlines the goals of creating two technology platforms, one for the Maghreb region and one for the Mashriq region, to link stakeholders and help define research priorities. The document provides details on the strategy to engage industry in both technology platforms and the steps being taken to launch and create the Mediterranean technology platforms.
The document summarizes e-government initiatives in the Netherlands. It notes that the Netherlands ranks highly in e-government readiness and network preparedness. The country has a sophisticated ICT infrastructure, with over 80% of broadband connections having speeds over 2Mbps. Key e-government programs and services discussed include DigiD for citizen identity and Basic System of Records. Challenges include increasing online public services and improving e-government at the local level. The road ahead involves expanding services to citizens and businesses through a single portal and strengthening e-participation.
Global Governance of Generative AI: The Right Way ForwardLilian Edwards
AI regulation has been a hot topic since the rise of machine learning (ML) in the “big data” era, but generative AI or “foundation models” tools like ChatGPT, DALL-E 2(now 3) and CoPilot, ike ML before them, may create serious societal risks, including embedding and outputting bias; generating fake news, illegal or harmful content and inadvertent “hallucinations”; infringing existing laws relating eg to copyright and privacy; as well as environmental, competition and workplace concerns.
Many nations are now considering regulation to address these worries, and can draw on a number of basic and hybrid models of governance. This paper canvasses models of mandatory comprehensive legislation (where the EU AI Act hopes to place itself as a gold standard model); vertical mandatory legislation (where China has quietly taken a lead); adapting existing law (see the many copyright lawsuits underway); and voluntary “soft law” such as codes of ethics, “blueprints”, or industry guidelines. Both the domestic and international regulatory scenes for AI are also increasingly politicised as the rise of "AI safety" hype shows. Against this backdrop what choices should smaller countries such as the UK and Australia make? will international harmonisation lead to a race to the top as with the GDPR, or the bottom - rule by tech for tech?
The document summarizes the historical parallels between AI self-regulation efforts in the 2020s and internet self-regulation in the late 1990s. Many of the same large tech companies, like IBM, Apple, Amazon, and Microsoft, are now promoting AI self-regulation through initiatives like the Partnership on AI, as they did for the internet. However, internet self-regulation eventually gave way to co-regulation by the EU in the 2000s due to concerns over fundamental rights and lack of oversight. The document argues the same outcome may occur for AI if self-regulation fails to properly address issues like bias, privacy and transparency. International organizations like the UN, OECD and Council of Europe are also increasingly involved in discussions around
Information Communication Technology
Malaysia's Digital Economy: ICT
Business Information and Business Intelligence
Growth Hacking Economy System Concept
Views on Regulation and Governance issues in the Network of the Future - presentation given by Tapio Levä on behalf of the SAIL project at the 6th FP7 concertation meeting.
Artificial intelligence (ai) multidisciplinary perspectives on emerging chall...PanagiotisKeramidis
This document discusses artificial intelligence (AI) and its emerging challenges and opportunities. It notes that AI is increasing the capability of algorithms and machines to perform human tasks through technologies like autonomous vehicles, chatbots, and medical diagnosis. However, society has yet to fully understand the ethical, economic, and social impacts of AI. The document outlines several challenges of AI, including unintended consequences, economic challenges like cost, data challenges around quality and access, and technological challenges regarding transparency and interpretability. It concludes by discussing how AI could impact the UN's sustainable development goals both positively through improved productivity and healthcare, and negatively through job disruption and increased inequality if not properly managed.
e-estonia diginno-Toomas Turk @lovedigital.si, Slovenian digitalization compe...Aleš Vidmar
Estonia is beaking headway in terms of building an e-society and it shows in its unique approach to all aspects (education, economy, politics, health, social services). In the presentation one may see, just how many steps can be made.
Presentation and useful links:
e-Estonia - https://e-estonia.com/
Estonian Clusters - https://www.estonianclusters.ee/language/en/
Connected Health - http://connectedhealth.ee/
Smart City Lab http://smartcitylab.eu/
ITL and ICT Cluster - https://itl.ee/estonian_ict_cluster
Startup Estonia - https://www.startupestonia.ee/
Garage48 - http://garage48.org/
Prototron - http://prototron.ee/en/
Ajujaht - http://www.ajujaht.ee/en/
Level11 - https://level11.ee/
EU projects
DIGINNO - https://www.diginnobsr.eu/
SME2G0 - http://sme2go.eu/
Technology competence centers
https://www.estonianclusters.ee/cluster-partners/tehnoloogia-arenduskeskused/
Samos Summit Innovative public services in Europe – taking stock and lookin...samossummit
1. The document discusses a project between the European Commission's DGs Digit and JRC researching innovative public services, interoperability, and emerging technologies.
2. Preliminary results found most cases of innovative public services in Europe involve APIs and AI, with the biggest needs being skills, stakeholder support, usable legacy systems, and data infrastructure.
3. An outlook proposes an Innovative Public Services Observatory database to share experiences and identify projects using technologies to modernize public services.
Opportunities and Policies for Innovation in Data-Centric EconomyCharles Mok
This document discusses opportunities for innovation in the data-centric economy. It notes that data is the lifeblood of business and its use is reshaping the economy through data analytics, machine learning, artificial intelligence and other data-driven services. Examples of opportunities include FinTech applications like lending, payments and wealth management. Developing into a smart city requires using open data policies and real-time traffic data to enable tools for urban management. Privacy, cybersecurity and trust are crucial considerations for policymakers seeking to support data-driven economic activities through regulations that maintain competition while fostering certainty and consumer trust.
EDF2014: Talk of Ioannis Kotsiopoulos, European Dynamics: Semantics – Interop...European Data Forum
Invited Talk of Ioannis Kotsiopoulos, European Dynamics at the European Data Forum 2014, 19 March 2014 in Athens, Greece: Semantics – Interoperability – Integration: A multi-faceted problem
EDF2014: Talk of Marta Nagy-Rothengass, Head of Unit Data Value Chain, Direct...European Data Forum
Invited Talk of Marta Nagy-Rothengass, Head of Unit Data Value Chain, Directorate General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology at the European Data Forum 2014, 19 March 2014 in Athens, Greece: Collaborating on interoperability to achieve a Digital Single Market
Eleanor Chappell
Commission on Travel Demand Shared Mobility Inquiry – Evidence Session 4
16 July, Royal Automobile Club
The fourth evidence session covered both the context in which the shared mobility inquiry sits and the policy options which could be deployed to accelerate sharing and other wider initiatives which they might connect to.
Presentation given at Giornata di studio su "eGovernment e Cloud Computing"
http://www.digitpa.gov.it/notizie/giornata-di-studio-su-egovernment-e-cloud-computing
Mário Campolargo - Services and clouds as cornerstones of the Digital AgendaServiceWave 2010
Mário Campolargo - Services and clouds as cornerstones of the Digital Agenda
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Embed
Dr. Thierry Priol, INRIA, ServiceWave General Chair - Opening Welcome (edit)
Tags Description Dr. Thierry Priol, INRIA, ServiceWave General Chair - Opening Welcome Service Wave 2010 - Tuesday Dec 14th 2010
IoTAA State of the Nation with KPMG - July 2019 Frank Zeichner
The document discusses the state of IoT globally and in Australia. Some key points:
- The World Economic Forum report found that while countries have improved their competitiveness, more progress is needed in key IoT indicators like deployed devices and market growth.
- IoT is forecast to have strong market growth globally and in Australia, with the potential to generate billions annually for Australia by 2025 across key industries.
- Both globally and in Australia, there is growth and consolidation in IoT platforms and new connectivity solutions, as well as policy and initiative shifts to support IoT adoption, including initiatives to define standards and address barriers to adoption.
The 5thGear programme aims to:
1) Maintain Finland's position as a leader in wireless communications research through ensuring participation in defining 5G standards and technologies.
2) Establish Finland as a leading location for 5G piloting and collaboration between companies, universities, and other organizations in the Finnish ecosystem.
3) Leverage 5G research results to enable innovations beyond telecommunications and create new business opportunities for Finnish companies.
The document summarizes Hong Kong's position on developing data centers and identifies challenges. It outlines Hong Kong's advantages but notes a lack of affordable land and infrastructure issues. While the government recognizes opportunities, past reports and policies have failed to address the industry's needs. Coordinated policy support is still needed to provide consistent land supply and infrastructure improvements to help Hong Kong compete for data center investment.
Paper Submission - International Journal of Managing Public Sector Informatio...ijmpict
The International Journal of Managing Public Sector Information and Communication Technologies ( IJMPICT ) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles that contribute new results in regards to the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the public sector around the world. ICT are becoming fundamental to the operation of government agencies, especially in light of the development of e-government applications and rising citizen expectations.
EDF2014: José Ignacio Sánchez Valdenebro, Deputy Director of Digital Public S...European Data Forum
Selected Talk of José Ignacio Sánchez Valdenebro, Deputy Director of Digital Public Services Department, Entidad Publica Empresarial Red.es at the European Data Forum 2014, 19 March 2014 in Athens, Greece: Aporta Project: National Strategy for encourage PSI in Spain
Looking beyond 2020 IEEE – 13th System of Systems Engineering Conference - So...Sandro D'Elia
The document discusses the European Union's plans to invest heavily in digital technologies and cyber-physical systems through several new programs like Horizon Europe and Digital Europe. It proposes four pillars to develop trustworthy cyber-physical systems: 1) Increasing trust and acceptance through more reliable and explainable AI, 2) Improving productivity with more dependable software development tools, 3) Delivering major gains in computing energy efficiency, and 4) Giving European industry full access to hardware internals. The overall goal is to build systems of systems that people can trust and accept at the frontiers of cyber, physical and social systems.
Tony Velin : plateforme coopérative pour la recherche et l’innovation - IoT ...IoT Tunisia
The document discusses the MOSAIC project which aims to foster cooperation between Europe and Mediterranean countries on research and innovation in information and communication technologies (ICT) and how ICT can support common societal challenges. It outlines the goals of creating two technology platforms, one for the Maghreb region and one for the Mashriq region, to link stakeholders and help define research priorities. The document provides details on the strategy to engage industry in both technology platforms and the steps being taken to launch and create the Mediterranean technology platforms.
The document summarizes e-government initiatives in the Netherlands. It notes that the Netherlands ranks highly in e-government readiness and network preparedness. The country has a sophisticated ICT infrastructure, with over 80% of broadband connections having speeds over 2Mbps. Key e-government programs and services discussed include DigiD for citizen identity and Basic System of Records. Challenges include increasing online public services and improving e-government at the local level. The road ahead involves expanding services to citizens and businesses through a single portal and strengthening e-participation.
Global Governance of Generative AI: The Right Way ForwardLilian Edwards
AI regulation has been a hot topic since the rise of machine learning (ML) in the “big data” era, but generative AI or “foundation models” tools like ChatGPT, DALL-E 2(now 3) and CoPilot, ike ML before them, may create serious societal risks, including embedding and outputting bias; generating fake news, illegal or harmful content and inadvertent “hallucinations”; infringing existing laws relating eg to copyright and privacy; as well as environmental, competition and workplace concerns.
Many nations are now considering regulation to address these worries, and can draw on a number of basic and hybrid models of governance. This paper canvasses models of mandatory comprehensive legislation (where the EU AI Act hopes to place itself as a gold standard model); vertical mandatory legislation (where China has quietly taken a lead); adapting existing law (see the many copyright lawsuits underway); and voluntary “soft law” such as codes of ethics, “blueprints”, or industry guidelines. Both the domestic and international regulatory scenes for AI are also increasingly politicised as the rise of "AI safety" hype shows. Against this backdrop what choices should smaller countries such as the UK and Australia make? will international harmonisation lead to a race to the top as with the GDPR, or the bottom - rule by tech for tech?
The document summarizes the historical parallels between AI self-regulation efforts in the 2020s and internet self-regulation in the late 1990s. Many of the same large tech companies, like IBM, Apple, Amazon, and Microsoft, are now promoting AI self-regulation through initiatives like the Partnership on AI, as they did for the internet. However, internet self-regulation eventually gave way to co-regulation by the EU in the 2000s due to concerns over fundamental rights and lack of oversight. The document argues the same outcome may occur for AI if self-regulation fails to properly address issues like bias, privacy and transparency. International organizations like the UN, OECD and Council of Europe are also increasingly involved in discussions around
Presentation given at the Service Design and Delivery in a Digital Age - Academies for EaP countries organised by the SIGMA Programme and the GiZ Eastern Partnership Regional Fund. Topic 2: Digital transformation.
IT law : the middle kingdom between east and WestLilian Edwards
This document discusses balancing privacy, security, business interests, and other values. It notes that recent Western experience shows promoting security over privacy can hurt industry by reducing consumer confidence, and that lack of privacy protection can impact business profits from data usage. The document suggests China could learn lessons from this experience, and that global trends show strengthening, not weakening, privacy is important to maintain trust and enable digital innovation.
Robotics & Artificial (RAI) Intelligence webinar: Law & Regulation for RAI In...KTN
The Robotics & AI Innovation Network hosted a webinar addressing some of the legal and regulatory issues faced by the RAI community in the UK. Three legal experts provided their expertise to address these issues.
- Doug Bryden | Partner; Head of the Operational Risk & Environment Group, Travers Smith LLP
- Mark Richardson | Partner; IT, Telecoms and Electronics, Keltie
- Sébastien A. Krier | Founder & AI Ethics/Policy Expert, Dataphysix Ltd
Broad Exchange on the Published Guidelines on the Introduction and Use of Art...Dr. Fotios Fitsilis
The document summarizes a research workshop on artificial intelligence in parliaments. It discusses the motivation for developing guidelines on introducing and using AI in parliamentary workspaces. It provides an overview of the state of play in using AI in legislative chambers in different countries. It then outlines the regulatory framework developed by an ad hoc working group, including sections on ethical principles, artificial general intelligence, privacy and security, governance and oversight, system design and operation, and capacity building and education. Next steps discussed include refining version 2.0 of the guidelines and extending the working group.
EDF2014: Marta Nagy-Rothengass, Head of Unit Data Value Chain, Directorate Ge...European Data Forum
PPP on Data & Executive Panel on Big Data, Introduction by Marta Nagy-Rothengass, Head of Unit Data Value Chain, Directorate General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology at the European Data Forum 2014, 20 March 2014 in Athens, Greece: Towards a Data Value Chain Partership in Europe.
This document summarizes global trends in AI regulation. It discusses how many nations are developing national AI strategies and legislation to regulate high-risk AI applications. It also outlines some multi-national initiatives developing regulatory guidelines for AI through organizations like the OECD, G7, and UN. Common principles reflected in proposed regulation include transparency, fairness, safety, accountability, and privacy. The EU is proposing comprehensive AI legislation while other regions take different approaches to AI governance.
Webinar: Why risk managers should look at Artificial Intelligence now?FERMA
Risk Managers can be key actors in highlighting to the organisation leadership the opportunities and challenges of AI technologies
On 19 May, the objective of this webinar was to discuss:
How AI can be implemented into the risk management practices?
Which opportunities is AI creating for better risk management?
What are the highlights of the European Commission’s risk-based approach to Artificial Intelligence?
Speakers were:
Philippe Cotelle, Head of Insurance Risk Management at Airbus Defence and Space and FERMA Board member, will highlight the key findings from FERMA’s report on “AI applied to Risk Management”.
Irina Orssich and Eric Badiqué are both working for the European Commission as Team leader and Adviser for Artificial Intelligence in the Unit for Technologies and Systems for Digitising Industry. They will present the Commission’s White Paper on AI and the other EU initiatives which aim at strengthening the EU legal framework regarding AI applications, especially in the field of privacy.
This document discusses collaborating on regulation for machine-to-machine (M2M) and internet of things (IoT) technologies in the Middle East region. It notes that key stakeholders are bringing together issues like big data, cloud computing, privacy, and cybersecurity to devise a regulatory framework. It suggests establishing a regional M2M/IoT working group through DLA Piper to develop whitepapers on relevant topics. While some see no need yet for specific regulation, others argue regulators can facilitate joining supply and demand. Examples of regional collaboration discussed include initiatives by the UAE's TRA and smart city projects in Dubai.
Big data analytics can provide insights to improve every aspect of transportation. It allows for better planning of infrastructure, traffic management, public transit systems, fleet maintenance, and influencing user behavior. Countries are collecting vast amounts of transportation data from sensors, mobile devices, and vehicles to reduce congestion, optimize traffic light timing, implement road pricing schemes, and improve public transit based on demand. Governments are establishing data officer and analyst positions and developing strategies and standards to maximize the benefits of big data while protecting privacy and enabling innovation.
L'economia europea dei dati. Politiche europee e opportunità di finanziamento...Data Driven Innovation
L'economia europea dei dati: soluzioni politiche e giuridiche per realizzare un'economia dei dati a livello di Unione Europea, nell'ambito della strategia per il mercato unico digitale. La consultazione pubblica 'Building the European Data Economy'. Il paternariato pubblico privato (PPP) Big Data Value ed opportunità di finanziamento in Horizon 2020. L'incubatore Data Pitch: opportunità per Start-up e Piccole e Medie Imprese.
Big Data Europe SC6 WS 3: Where we are and are going for Big Data in OpenScie...BigData_Europe
Where we are and are going for Big Data in OpenScience
Keynote talk at the Big Data Europe SC6 Workshop on 11.9.2017 in Amsterdam co-located with SEMANTiCS2017: The perspective of European official statistics by Fernando Reis, Task-Force Big Data, European Commission (Eurostat).
eGovernment for Citizen: Leveraging Open SOA Standards and Interoperability ...Adomas Svirskas
The document summarizes the R4eGov project which aims to facilitate information exchange among EU government agencies using open standards-based interoperability frameworks. The project addresses challenges of independent agencies needing to collaborate while protecting data. A proposed solution involves a lightweight SOA and web services-based approach leveraging standards for basic security. The project seeks to enable secure cross-border transactions to better serve mobile EU citizens.
Presentation by Keita Nishiyama at the OECD Global Conference on Governance Innovation which took place in Paris on 13-14 January 2020. Further information is available at http://www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy/oecd-global-conference-on-governance-innovation.htm.
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UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
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1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
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5. Areas of attention
Domain/Industry Specific
• Military uses
• Fintech
• Autonomous vehicles
• Drones
General
• Privacy
• Bias
• Liability
• Registration
• Ownership
• Artificial personhood
• Taxation
6. Plans, reports, and research
• China
– A Next Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan (2017)
• Japan
– Pushed for rules on AI at G7 2016
– Developed Draft AI R&D Guidelines to be discussed with OECD and G7
• South Korea
– Developing Robots Ethics Charter (2007)
• US
– "it's not even on our radar screen…” - Treasury Secretary Steve Mnuchin
– The Partnership on AI
• Industry consortium focused on establishing best practices for artificial intelligence systems
– The Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence
• Developed three rules for regulating AI
7. Plans, reports, and research cont.
• Estonia
– Considering giving robots legal recognition. This would classify ‘robot agents’
in a position between being a legal entity and being owned property.
• Germany
– The German Government released a code of ethics for autonomous vehicles in
August 2017.
• UK
– In November 2017, the House of Commons announced an inquiry into the use
of algorithms in public and business decision making.
• EU
– EU Parliament adopted a report with commendations on Civil Law Rules on
Robotics in February 2017
8. Currently enacted legislation
• EU
– General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) (25
May 2018)
• UK
– Data Protection Act 2018 (23 May 2018)
• GDPR equivalent
9. GDPR in detail
• Right to know of existence of algorithms and
right to obtain an explanation of decisions
made (Articles 13-15)
• Right to opt out of some algorithmic decisions
altogether (Article 22)
10. GDPR in detail - cont.
• Regulation – similar to national law, but
applies to all EU countries
• Scope is global. Applies to any company
processing EU resident’s data. Irrelevant
where data is processed.
• Penalties – 20mil Euro or 4% of global
revenue. Whichever is greater
11. Potential impact of GDPR
• Data availability
• Predictive risk modeling
• Credit and insurance risk assessments
• Recommender systems
• Computational advertising
• Social networks
12. The story for NZ
• GDPR impacts due to EU resident users
• NZ Stats –Principles for Safe and Effective Data
Analysis
• Data.gov.nz – Reviewing algorithms to
increate transparency and accountability
• Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Public
Policy at Otago University
15. Some sources
• AI Forum report
– Artificial Intelligence: Shaping a Future New Zealand
– http://resources.aiforum.org.nz/AI+Shaping+A+Future+New+Zealand+Report+2018.pdf
• Report to EU Parliament
– Report with recommendations to the Commission on Civil Law
Rules on Robotics (2015/2103(INL))
– http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+REPORT+A8-
2017-0005+0+DOC+XML+V0//EN
• GDPR analysis paper
– Goodman B. and Flaxman S (2017). European Union regulations
on algorithmic decision-making and a "right to explanation“.
AI Magazine, Vol 38, No 3, 2017
– https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.08813
16. Further reading and contacts
• Artificial Intelligence and Law in New Zealand – Otago
University
– http://www.cs.otago.ac.nz/research/ai/AI-Law/
• NZ Stats
– Principles for the safe and effective use of data and analytics
– https://www.privacy.org.nz/news-and-publications/guidance-resources/principles-for-the-safe-and-
effective-use-of-data-and-analytics-guidance/
• Data.gov.nz
– Algorithm review underway to increase transparency and
accountability
– https://data.govt.nz/blog/algorithm-review-underway-to-increase-transparency-and-accountability/
• AI mailing list
– Import AI
– https://jack-clark.net/
17. 3 rules of AIs
• 1. an AI system must be subject to the full
gamut of laws that apply to its human
operator.
• 2. an AI system must clearly disclose that it is
not human.
• 3. an AI system cannot retain or disclose
confidential information without explicit
approval from the source of that information.
Editor's Notes
Thank you for that. This topic has been pretty interesting to explore and read about. My focus with this talk is to have a broad overview of the kind of work being done around regulating AI and Machine Learning internationally and here in NZ.
But first, why regulate?Are we really talking about trying to protect ourselves from killer robots bent on humanity's destruction?
Well maybe a bit.
However, these days there are much more mundane areas of our lives where autonomous systems are starting to make an impact. Things like insurance claims, loan applications, or even the news we read. But these systems are well designed and built on reliable data right? Even if no, aren’t their designers keep trying to make them better? How do we know?
Let’s look at an example that may strain these assumptions.
There was a case in the US a couple years ago where a judge reject a plea deal and sentenced the defendant to 5 years in prison as well as 6 years probation because of the risk score prepared by the COMPAS assessment.
This is a model provided by Northpointe, a private company, to evaluate the risk of a person reoffending.
The thing is, the operation of this model was not provided to the court or the defense team and Loomis ended up appealing the sentence on that basis.
Now here’s where it gets worrying.
The state of Wisconsin countered that Northpointe required it to keep the algorithms confidential, to protect the firm’s intellectual property.
And the Wisconsin Supreme Court upheld Loomis’s sentence, reasoning that the risk assessment was only one part of the rationale for the sentence.
It wanted to continue to give judges the opportunity to take into account the COMPAS score as one part of their sentencing rationale, even if they had no idea how it was calculated.
So, this is an algorithm that a private company developed that seem to materially impact people but isn’t available to be examined for bias or appropriate design.
That’s just one of the types of situations that have prompted governments to look at regulating for AI and Machine learning is used.
But bias and fairness are not the only areas of concern when looking at regulating autonomous systems.
Countries are looking a lot of different topics.
In my research it seems they are taking generally two kinds of approaches. One that is focused on domain or industry specific regulation.
So for example, limitations on autonomous military systems, how driverless cars fit into road rules, or even the pretty simple things we’ve seen about limiting operations of drones. But several countries are also starting to take a more general approach. And this is where there are quite interesting discussions. Overall, the consensus is that liability is the main focus for near term issues. For example, if autonomous system takes actions that cause damage, would would be responsible for remediation. Would it be the owner, the designer, the system itself?This is where concepts like artificial personhood start to be used. That is, treating a system as its own entity somewhere between and organization and a person.
Beyond that, they also discuss effects of more and more AI and robots being used in business. As more people are replaced by robots it will likely start having an effect on the tax base available for social programs. Especially as they become more needed.
Some of these end up sounding like writing prompts for scifi stories, but they are becoming more realistic topics of discussions for people in government around the world.
So let’s have a look at how some of them are working to address them.
---
UN has had the 5th confrence on Lethal Autonomous Weapons.
I’ve had a look around and it does seem like most countries are only in the very early stages of discussions. And for some, I could find much activity at all. Let’s have a look at Asia first
China is actively focused on developing their AI capability and released their plan for developing as a leader in AI. That plan does mention the need for regulation and guidlines but it doesn’t have much detail on those topics.
Japan presented a proposal for rules governing AI at the 2017 G7 meeting and I expect that to continue to be discussed, but doesn’t seem to be leading to regulation in the near term.
South Korea started developing a ethics charter for robotics in 2007, but there hasn’t been anything new written about it since then.
US is an interesting case in that the new administration has effectively stepped back from their focus on AI, let alone any regulations of it.
The quote from Steve Mnuchin relates to AI displacing people in the workforce, but seems to show their overall lack of interest in the space.
There is work being done in private organizations like the Partnership on AI and the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence and they have developed their own 3 rules of AI.
But it does seem like most of the activity is centered in Europe.
In Estonia, the government has acknowledged the intent to be leader in legislation on AI and is considering creating a legal class for “robot agents” that would sit between a legal entity and property.
Germany has released a code of ethics for autonomous vehicles in Aug 2017 and the government will adopt guidelines for self-driving cars in Germany covering things like prioritizing the value and equality of human life over property or animals. UK has also had a house of commons enquiry into the use of algorithms in public and business decision making.
The EU parliament actually put out a really interesting report that discussed a lot of the implications and topics I mentioned already.
So all of this I’ve covered up to now have been position papers, reports, analysis and that kind of stuff. But has anything actually been enacted so far?
Well I’ve only been able to find on piece of legislation that actually impacts how Machine Learning and AI are able to be used. And that was in the GDPR passed by the EU earlier this year.
It’s the same one that caused all the trouble for the companies relying on subscriptions and mailing lists.
The GDPR contains a couple articles that specifically sets out the rights EU residents have in relation to algorithms and the decisions made about them.
The UK has also mostly adopted the rules set out in the GDPR.
Now, let’s have a look at what the GDPR actually talks about.
There are a couple articles that directly discuss algorithms
In Articles 13-15, those are ones talking about data collected about people, there is clause that requires the company to notify of those people of any algorithms that exist for automated decisions making and how they work.
This has become known as the “right of explanation”. There is currently an active debate in the legal literature about what this actually means and what is required of companies, especially those that use more advanced machine learning algorithms.
The other important article is 22. This one allows an EU resident to not be subject to automated decision making. Although. There are exemptions from this for explicit consent and if it’s required by a government. But even in those cases, the person has the right to request human intervention in the decision and the ability to contest the outcome.
So, what are the implications of these rules.
-----------------
The intrinsic value of explanations tracks a person’s need for free will and control, most familiarly expressed in the desire to avoid living out the plot of a Franz Kafka novel.22
First off, the GDPR is a regulation so it behaves at the level of a national law for all member countries. But what’s interesting, is hat it applies to any company processing EU resident’s data. Irrelevant of where the data is stored or processed. Because of this, even though it’s a EU law, the implications are global. And the penalties are quite steep too. Up to 20mil euros or 4% of global revenue. Whichever is greater. You can imagine what kind of impact this would make to a company like Facebook.
And some people are indeed worried that it would have a major impact on the work being done in companies. The restrictions set out by those articles and other areas of the GDPR could have quite on a effect on areas where automated decision systems are being used today.
These can be found in many of the applications and services we use on a daily basis and are becoming mission critical for some companies and governments.
But let’s bring it back here to NZ. What kinds of things are going on here. Well, first off we have the impact of GDPR on companies dealing with data of EU residents and because NZ companies do tend to operate internationally there could be info in their datasets that would make them responsible of adhering to those the regulations.
There is also work locally to look at how government uses data and algorithms to make decisions.
NZ Stats along with the Privacy Commissioner and Govt Data Stewart has recently released a document about their recommended principle for data analysis. Data.gov has also begun a review of how algorithms are being used across government and the first findings should be published this month.
Through my discussions, I haven’t found any laws that have been proposed yet, but last year, Otago University started a 3 year project to look at how to approach the question of regulation of AI.
With regulations, there is always the concern of stifling innovation. And that could happen to an extent.
But there are also opportunities that may open up because of the new rules.
Since a large focus is on explanabiltity and bias, it could spur research into the expandability of algorithms as well as bias detection and mitigation.
And it seem this would be a good thing to make sure that the models we use can be as fair and appropriate as we expect them to be.
Right to obtain an explanation of decisions made by algorithms and (13-15)
Right to opt out of some algorithmic decisions altogether. (Art 22)
Compliance with this regulation will depend on progress in Explainable AI research, and on uptake of Explainable AI techniques.