Dr Stacey Scriver, NUI Galway, presented this talk on the dynamics of public and private violence on behalf of the Conflict, Humanitarianism and Security research cluster at the 2017 Whitaker Institute Research Day held on the 6th of April 2017.
This document discusses the evolution of domestic violence control measures and techniques. It outlines how views of domestic violence have shifted from considering it a private matter to recognizing it as a serious social issue and criminal offense. Early approaches focused on legal reforms and victim advocacy groups, while more recent strategies emphasize treatment programs and alternative sentencing to reduce incarceration costs and facilitate rehabilitation. The document examines different theories around domestic violence and analyzes how policies and societal views have progressed in recognizing and addressing this issue over time.
Jordanian Men's Experience of Emotional Abuse in Marital Relationships: The R...Rula alsawalqa
Though emotional abuse is one of the worst and most common types of intimate partner violence, it has not been investigated in Arabic literature. Thus, this study explored the prevalence of emotional abuse among married Jordanian men. Furthermore, the moderating roles of marriage length, marriage motivation, age, and area in the path to emotional abuse were investigated. An online survey was conducted using a random sample of Jordanian married men in Amman. A total of 1,003 participants with an average age of 42.51 and a marital relationship duration ranging from 1 to 53 years were selected. The results revealed that isolation was the most prevalent emotional abuse domain, followed by degradation, property damage, and sexual coercion. However, all emotional abuse domains were more prevalent among rural rather than urban men, in both traditional and love marriages. Emotional abuse was higher among men who married for love. Younger men reported experiencing higher emotional abuse levels, which declined with age and increasing marriage length. Further research is required to explore the nature of emotional abuse forms and their underlying reasons among married men, as differences in sociodemographic characteristics could affect the identification and understanding of emotional abuse and contribute to developing an intellectual framework capable of finding solutions for abusive marital relations in the Jordanian context.
This document discusses domestic violence and efforts to address it. Domestic violence is defined as physical, sexual, or emotional abuse between family members and intimate partners. Statistics show that many women experience violence from partners. Efforts focus on legal stakeholders, social workers, and community education and support networks to help victims and prevent future abuse. However, as relationships form through longer dating periods with more secrecy, domestic violence may increase due to greater mistrust between partners. Overall, urgent intervention is needed through societal and individual precautions to address domestic violence.
This document discusses various approaches to addressing domestic violence, including theories of its underlying causes, intervention program structures, and community prevention strategies. Cognitive-behavioral therapy views violence as a learned behavior that can be unlearned through alternative cognitions. The Duluth Model promotes egalitarian relationships and offender accountability. Coordinated community response teams manage victim and offender cases while hosting prevention events. Specialized domestic violence courts and diversion programs aim to reduce recidivism and improve support for victims and offenders.
The document discusses the effects of violent crime on victims and society. It notes that young males aged 16-24 are most likely to be victims, while the elderly are least likely. Victims can experience increased fear and vulnerability. Violent crime also affects communities by increasing rates of PTSD, depression, and perpetration of violence in witnesses. It impacts government services and policies through initiatives aimed at reducing gun, gang and knife crime.
The relationship between university students’ perceptions ofRula alsawalqa
By conducting a set of quantitative surveys, this study aimed to detecting the correlation between Jordanian
University students’ perceptions of terrorism and a variety of demographic variables. The results revealed that
the majority of students viewed terrorism as the most heinous crime, and is never justified, and that terrorists
are hard-core criminals, separatist groups that want to weaken the unity of the country. Therefore, they should
be treated as traitors and punished as they pose a threat to national interest, and the safety and security of
citizens. While a few of student indicated that there are some terrorist activities’ as a repercussion of repressed
needs and the demands of society, it should however be managed and the violations committed by states
against their nationals be confronted with the aim of eliminating injustices to vulnerable citizens. Most
students believe that poverty and material deprivation are of the most prominent causes of terrorism. They
also stress the necessity of providing food security and optimal life for citizens to limit the spread of the
phenomenon of terrorism and achieve societal solidarity to save human lives and stability of communities.
Furthermore, the results confirmed that there are no academic specializations, age, sex, academic level, and
monthly income statistically significant differences in perceptions of the terrorism among university students.
Economic Abuse of Women in Amman, Jordan: A Quantitative StudyRula alsawalqa
This document summarizes research on economic abuse of women. It defines economic abuse and differentiates it from financial abuse. The document reviews literature finding that economic abuse reduces women's productivity, income, and independence by depriving them of access to economic resources and decision making. Economic abuse is associated with other forms of intimate partner violence and can continue after a relationship ends through things like child support. The document then presents a study conducted with 500 married working women in Amman, Jordan that found economic abuse decreased as women's education and length of marriage increased, and was more likely if the husband had a high education or was unemployed. Overall, the study aimed to better understand the relationship between demographic variables and economic abuse of women in Jordan.
This document provides an overview of a paper that will discuss issues with disproportionate minority confinement in the US criminal justice system. It begins with a brief history of the author's experience growing up as a young black man in a low-income urban environment. It then discusses the "Nothing Works" doctrine which hypothesized that rehabilitation programs did not work. It notes high recidivism rates and that minorities are disproportionately represented in the criminal justice system. The paper aims to investigate why rehabilitation programs have failed and why minorities face disproportionate rates of confinement through the author's perspective combining academic study and experience as a law enforcement officer.
This document discusses the evolution of domestic violence control measures and techniques. It outlines how views of domestic violence have shifted from considering it a private matter to recognizing it as a serious social issue and criminal offense. Early approaches focused on legal reforms and victim advocacy groups, while more recent strategies emphasize treatment programs and alternative sentencing to reduce incarceration costs and facilitate rehabilitation. The document examines different theories around domestic violence and analyzes how policies and societal views have progressed in recognizing and addressing this issue over time.
Jordanian Men's Experience of Emotional Abuse in Marital Relationships: The R...Rula alsawalqa
Though emotional abuse is one of the worst and most common types of intimate partner violence, it has not been investigated in Arabic literature. Thus, this study explored the prevalence of emotional abuse among married Jordanian men. Furthermore, the moderating roles of marriage length, marriage motivation, age, and area in the path to emotional abuse were investigated. An online survey was conducted using a random sample of Jordanian married men in Amman. A total of 1,003 participants with an average age of 42.51 and a marital relationship duration ranging from 1 to 53 years were selected. The results revealed that isolation was the most prevalent emotional abuse domain, followed by degradation, property damage, and sexual coercion. However, all emotional abuse domains were more prevalent among rural rather than urban men, in both traditional and love marriages. Emotional abuse was higher among men who married for love. Younger men reported experiencing higher emotional abuse levels, which declined with age and increasing marriage length. Further research is required to explore the nature of emotional abuse forms and their underlying reasons among married men, as differences in sociodemographic characteristics could affect the identification and understanding of emotional abuse and contribute to developing an intellectual framework capable of finding solutions for abusive marital relations in the Jordanian context.
This document discusses domestic violence and efforts to address it. Domestic violence is defined as physical, sexual, or emotional abuse between family members and intimate partners. Statistics show that many women experience violence from partners. Efforts focus on legal stakeholders, social workers, and community education and support networks to help victims and prevent future abuse. However, as relationships form through longer dating periods with more secrecy, domestic violence may increase due to greater mistrust between partners. Overall, urgent intervention is needed through societal and individual precautions to address domestic violence.
This document discusses various approaches to addressing domestic violence, including theories of its underlying causes, intervention program structures, and community prevention strategies. Cognitive-behavioral therapy views violence as a learned behavior that can be unlearned through alternative cognitions. The Duluth Model promotes egalitarian relationships and offender accountability. Coordinated community response teams manage victim and offender cases while hosting prevention events. Specialized domestic violence courts and diversion programs aim to reduce recidivism and improve support for victims and offenders.
The document discusses the effects of violent crime on victims and society. It notes that young males aged 16-24 are most likely to be victims, while the elderly are least likely. Victims can experience increased fear and vulnerability. Violent crime also affects communities by increasing rates of PTSD, depression, and perpetration of violence in witnesses. It impacts government services and policies through initiatives aimed at reducing gun, gang and knife crime.
The relationship between university students’ perceptions ofRula alsawalqa
By conducting a set of quantitative surveys, this study aimed to detecting the correlation between Jordanian
University students’ perceptions of terrorism and a variety of demographic variables. The results revealed that
the majority of students viewed terrorism as the most heinous crime, and is never justified, and that terrorists
are hard-core criminals, separatist groups that want to weaken the unity of the country. Therefore, they should
be treated as traitors and punished as they pose a threat to national interest, and the safety and security of
citizens. While a few of student indicated that there are some terrorist activities’ as a repercussion of repressed
needs and the demands of society, it should however be managed and the violations committed by states
against their nationals be confronted with the aim of eliminating injustices to vulnerable citizens. Most
students believe that poverty and material deprivation are of the most prominent causes of terrorism. They
also stress the necessity of providing food security and optimal life for citizens to limit the spread of the
phenomenon of terrorism and achieve societal solidarity to save human lives and stability of communities.
Furthermore, the results confirmed that there are no academic specializations, age, sex, academic level, and
monthly income statistically significant differences in perceptions of the terrorism among university students.
Economic Abuse of Women in Amman, Jordan: A Quantitative StudyRula alsawalqa
This document summarizes research on economic abuse of women. It defines economic abuse and differentiates it from financial abuse. The document reviews literature finding that economic abuse reduces women's productivity, income, and independence by depriving them of access to economic resources and decision making. Economic abuse is associated with other forms of intimate partner violence and can continue after a relationship ends through things like child support. The document then presents a study conducted with 500 married working women in Amman, Jordan that found economic abuse decreased as women's education and length of marriage increased, and was more likely if the husband had a high education or was unemployed. Overall, the study aimed to better understand the relationship between demographic variables and economic abuse of women in Jordan.
This document provides an overview of a paper that will discuss issues with disproportionate minority confinement in the US criminal justice system. It begins with a brief history of the author's experience growing up as a young black man in a low-income urban environment. It then discusses the "Nothing Works" doctrine which hypothesized that rehabilitation programs did not work. It notes high recidivism rates and that minorities are disproportionately represented in the criminal justice system. The paper aims to investigate why rehabilitation programs have failed and why minorities face disproportionate rates of confinement through the author's perspective combining academic study and experience as a law enforcement officer.
This document summarizes a research paper on the effect of values systems on attitudes toward interracial marriage. The paper examines how individual and group values systems may impact opinions on interracial marriage and potentially segment people into groups not previously considered. The research aims to study interracial marriage through the lens of social values systems as a way to better understand reported attitudes versus rates of interracial marriage. It reviews literature on assimilation theory and interracial marriage trends. The study proposes to experimentally assess attitudes toward interracial marriage alongside participants' placement on a values system continuum.
Women’s abuse experiences in Jordan: A comparative study using rural and urba...Rula alsawalqa
This study explored the patterns of economic abuse among working married women from rural and urban areas in Jordan, and identified their experiences with other abuses
nterconnected with economic abuse, including psychological, emotional, and physical abuse and
harassment. A quantitative research approach using a descriptive comparative design was
employed. The findings indicated that 55.5% of urban and 44.5% of rural women have
encountered spousal economic abuse in two ways: (1) controlling their economic resources
and managing their financial decisions and (2) exploiting their economic resources. Economic
abuse was found to be intertwined with other forms of abuse; women who faced economic
abuse also endured primarily emotional and psychological abuse, followed by physical abuse
and harassment, as tactics to reinforce economic abuse and maintain control over them. The
most common form of psychological abuse was being made to feel frustrated and neglected
when requesting emotional support, while emotional abuse was typified by resentment and
being told they are inadequate. Physical abuse included partners shaking, slapping, or
throwing objects at them. Both rural and urban women reported being harassed at their
workplace by their partners’ repeated phone calls. In general, urban women faced more
This study explored the patterns of economic abuse among working married women from rural and urban areas in Jordan, and identified their experiences with other abuses interconnected with economic abuse, including psychological, emotional, and physical abuse and harassment. A quantitative research approach using a descriptive comparative design was employed. The findings indicated that 55.5% of urban and 44.5% of rural women have encountered spousal economic abuse in two ways: (1) controlling their economic resources and managing their financial decisions and (2) exploiting their economic resources. Economic abuse was found to be intertwined with other forms of abuse; women who faced economic abuse also endured primarily emotional and psychological abuse, followed by physical abuse and harassment, as tactics to reinforce economic abuse and maintain control over them. The most common form of psychological abuse was being made to feel frustrated and neglected when requesting emotional support, while emotional abuse was typified by resentment and being told they are inadequate. Physical abuse included partners shaking, slapping, or throwing objects at them. Both rural and urban women reported being harassed at their workplace by their partners’ repeated phone calls. In general, urban women faced more economic and other forms of abuse than rural women, especially emotional and physical abuse.
This document discusses violence as a public health issue and provides an overview of key topics from the WHO's 2002 "World Report on Violence". It defines violence, presents a typology that divides violence into self-directed, interpersonal, and collective categories. Risk factors are examined using an ecological model looking at individual, relationship, community, and societal levels. Prevention approaches can target universal, selected, or indicated groups. A public health approach incorporating multi-level interventions is recommended to address the complex and multifaceted nature of violence.
This document summarizes information about victimization from a criminology course. It discusses the social ecology and characteristics of victimizations, as well as theories of victimization. The key points are:
1) Victimization risk varies based on location (e.g. public vs. private), gender, age, social status, and other demographic factors.
2) Theories of victimization like lifestyle theory and routine activities theory suggest victimization risk increases through behaviors like frequenting risky locations, having valuable possessions, and lacking capable guardians.
3) Victimization can cause economic losses, suffering, stress, PTSD and increased risk of anti-social behavior in victims.
- St. Louis has seen increasing rates of homicide over the past 5 years, with young people disproportionately responsible for crime and violence. Homicide offenders and victims are often male, African American, between 17-29 years old, and have a criminal history. These demographics match those of current or former gang members.
- While only 13-18% of homicides are committed by known gang members, gang involvement may be underreported due to definitional issues and the fact that many leave gangs before age 20 but continue criminal behavior.
- The document examines different approaches to defining and understanding gangs and the role of moral panic in shaping anti-gang policies, finding that subjective law enforcement designations can
The Effects of Crime on Individuals as Victims and PerpetratorsDani Cathro
1) Crime can have significant emotional, practical, and financial impacts on victims. Victims often experience shock, fear, anxiety, depression, and changes in beliefs about safety after being victimized.
2) Both short term impacts like trauma and long term issues like PTSD are common in victims and depend on the type and severity of the crime. Ongoing domestic violence or child abuse victims can experience repeated trauma.
3) In addition to emotional effects, many victims face practical problems like repairs, lost wages, medical bills, and higher insurance costs due to the crime. Over 150,000 children in the UK are also affected each year by a parent's imprisonment.
Understanding the Man Box: the link between gender socialization and domestic...Rula alsawalqa
The “Man Box” refers to a rigid set of expectations, perceptions, and behaviors that are considered “manly” and/or a “real man's” behavior, imposed on men by the society, such as superiority, cruelty, emotional suppression, lack of physical intimacy with other men, and expectations of socially aggressive and/or dominant behavior. Gender-based types of aggression and violence are central in the production of dominant heterosexual masculinities and male superiority that impose the dominating and violating behavior on men, and make these behaviors acceptable and naturalized. Therefore, adherence to the Man Box is one of the causes of violence against women, and to the creation and reinforcement of social environments conducive to domestic violence. This study shows how Jordanian males internalize and agree with “Man Box” beliefs and how these meanings affect their lives and behavioral patterns. Perceptions of Jordanian women on these issues were also included in the data collected through a survey distributed to 1,029 participants (525 men and 504 women) who live in Amman, Jordan. The results show that Man Box beliefs still prevail in Jordanian culture, promoted by parents, partners, and acquaintances. A total of 49.9% of the respondents show agreement with Man Box ideas. Jordanian men believe that society imposes rigid masculine gender roles, views on heterosexuality and homophobia, and expectations of aggression and control. Their personal attitudes, however, rejected the dictates of solving their own personal problems without help and fighting back when they were threatened. Most Jordanian women reported personal agreement with Man Box ideals for men, particularly in the areas of self-sufficiency, acting tough, and control, all of which can prevent men from breaking out of the Man Box. Our results also show that life inside the Man Box can impede men's formation of emotionally connected friendships and encourage them to show transgressive emotional behaviors. Furthermore, some men were more probable to violate the Man Box rules, such as being likely to talk to friends about something deeply emotional and feeling comfortable crying in front of them, or continuing to rely primarily on their mothers and romantic partners for emotional support. Additionally, inside the Man Box, men are more likely to experience physical and online bullying and perpetrate verbal and physical bullying; however, they are also more likely to attempt to intervene to stop violence.
Virtual reality has potential to increase empathy and change social perspectives on complex issues like domestic violence. VR experiences allow people to understand others' experiences by embodying avatars in realistic scenarios. This can help overcome simplistic blame of victims and promote consideration of systemic factors contributing to social problems. For impact to scale up, VR experiences must facilitate ongoing discussion that maintains empathy beyond the initial experience. Games may harness social motivations to promote sustained engagement around issues. However, VR also presents challenges like how to ensure diverse perspectives are represented and how fluid identities could impact understanding.
This document discusses institutions of higher education and their response to sexual violence on campus. It begins with an introduction explaining that while access to higher education has increased, colleges still struggle to ensure safety and respect for all students. It then defines sexual violence and notes its high prevalence among college women. The document outlines various negative physical, mental, and academic outcomes for victims and discusses potential causes of sexual violence like gender inequality and the desire for power and control rather than sexual desire. It concludes by calling for continued efforts to prevent sexual violence and create safer learning environments.
A qualitative study to investigate male victims’ experiences of female-perpet...Rula alsawalqa
Battered husband syndrome has not been investigated in an Arab context, despite evidence of a significant increase in violence against men by women. This study investigated male victims’ experiences of female-perpetrated domestic abuse in Jordan using a qualitative exploratory descriptive approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 33 married men from Amman and analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Five themes were identified: 1. causes of domestic abuse against men; 2. types of domestic abuse against men; 3. effects of domestic abuse against men; 4. men’s perception of reducing or stopping abuse by their wives; and 5. abusive wives’ characteristics. Participants experienced psychological, emotional and verbal abuse, coercive control, emotional neglect, and physical violence with varying degrees of severity, which affected both them and their families. Abusive wives used numerous tactics, including sex, children, isolation, and money to enable abuse. Moreover, clan and traditional thinking, societal structures, and norms led participants to divorce, stay in an abusive relationship, or use violence against their wives. The leading causes of abuse against the husband were wives’ neglecting the house, children, appearance, and personal hygiene; wasting money; wives’ family interfering in the couple’s private marital affairs; the wife’s betrayal; and traditional thinking. New perspectives toward domestic abuse in Jordan need to be developed to help us better understand the nature of abuse against men, provide resources and support for them, reduce the prevalence of domestic abuse, and protect Jordanian families.
This document discusses victims and victimization from several perspectives. It begins by defining who is considered a victim and the harms they can experience. Certain groups are at higher risk of victimization due to factors like lifestyle, age, gender, race, social status and repeat victimization. The nature and locations of victimization are also examined. Several theories of victimization are then outlined, including lifestyle theory, routine activity theory, and victim precipitation theory. The roles of suitable targets, lack of guardians, and motivated offenders in allowing crimes of opportunity are also discussed in the context of routine activity theory.
This document outlines a proposed program to prevent sexual violence on a college campus. It begins with introducing the problem of sexual violence on college campuses and defining key terms. It then discusses social and environmental determinants of sexual violence and presents data on prevalence of sexual assault among college students. The target population is identified as college-aged students, particularly women. A needs assessment was conducted through interviews with campus health experts and reviewing campus statistics. The document proposes using this information to develop goals, objectives, and strategies for a prevention program.
The document discusses how violence often occurs between groups that have only minor differences. Freud coined the term "narcissism of minor differences" to describe how communities can be hostile towards those most similar to themselves. Examples are given of the Nuer and Dinka ethnic groups in South Sudan, who share many cultural similarities but also engage in violence against each other. The document argues that violence between groups usually has symbolic meaning and functions, not just instrumental purposes, and must be understood in its proper cultural and historical context.
This document is a presentation on crime, media, and criminology presented by Avijit Sarker Subrata. It discusses how the media depicts crime and influences public perceptions of crime. It notes that the media focuses on violent crimes and stereotypical portrayals of criminals. Research shows the media selects stories based on unusual circumstances, dramatic elements, and involvement of famous people. The media dramatizes crime to sell news and most portrayals are of violent, interpersonal crimes, ignoring white-collar and corporate crimes. This shapes the public's understanding of crime more than personal experiences.
Strain theory argues that people engage in crime due to strain or stress in their lives. They may commit crimes like violence, theft, or drug use to reduce or escape from strain caused by issues like harassment, financial problems, or abusive relationships. Social learning theory claims people learn criminal behavior through association with criminal peers and by being reinforced for criminal acts. Control theory takes a different approach, arguing that people naturally want to satisfy their desires through crime but refrain from it due to controls like rules, monitoring by authority figures, and the threat of sanctions.
The document discusses sexual cultures, risk, and social control in the context of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. It examines how identities have shifted from an "AIDS panic" to a more manageable identity in the post-HAART era. It also explores rational choice models of HIV prevention and their limitations, and recommends increased culturally sensitive education and inclusive policymaking to address issues of criminalization related to HIV transmission.
The document discusses the causes and types of violence. It analyzes violence through four levels - biological/personal, close relationships, community, and societal. Violence is categorized into self-directed, interpersonal, and collective forms. The types of violence include physical, sexual, emotional, psychological, spiritual, and cultural forms. The document concludes that scientific strategies aimed at underlying causes, such as parenting programs, life skills training, and reducing substance abuse, have been effective in preventing violence.
Unit 9 Hall Elizabeth Social Construction EssayElizabeth Hall
This document discusses several social construction theories that are used in criminology to understand criminal behavior such as serial killing. It outlines social structure theory, including social disorganization theory, strain theory, and cultural deviance theory. It also discusses social class theory, social process theory, including social learning theory and neutralization theory. Additionally, it summarizes social control theory and labeling theory. For each theory, it provides examples of how the theory may be applied to understanding the behaviors of specific serial killers.
This document discusses the nature vs. nurture debate around what facilitates male sexual serial murder. It suggests that most researchers believe both genetics and environment during development are factors. Childhood experiences like abuse, isolation, and lack of healthy relationships cause social difficulties and distorted views of relationships and sex. These early experiences interact with predispositions and result in fantasies of violence and revenge emerging during teenage years. By adulthood, failure to achieve needs for power and sex drive some to turn these fantasies into reality through murder. Overall, the document concludes that while genetics play a role, the true facilitators lie more in the negative nurturing environments and experiences during formative years that leave serial killers unable to cope with emotions and society.
Running head ASSIGNMENT 3-ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY .docxtoddr4
Running head: ASSIGNMENT 3-ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 1
ASSIGNMENT 3-ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 9
Assignment 3-Annotated Bibliography
Stephanie Rincon
Professor Terri Klosek
FP6525 | Psychology of the Victim
December 26,2018
Assignment 3-Annotated Bibliography
Introduction
The problem looked into by the paper includes domestic violence victimization. Domestic violence victimization is a serious offense that has for a long time disturbed families, individuals, and the social sectors (Van der Kolk, 2017). Since it touches on family, the most affected individuals comprise of women and children who undergo physical and mental abuse. Most of the known perpetrators of the crime include men who assault their partners. Domestic violence victimization focuses on individuals who are embroiled in a conflict involving a romantic relationship (Anderberg, Rainer, Wadsworth, & Wilson, 2015). Despite having the above factor as a general definition of domestic violence, one has to know that there are several features of domestic violence which are still being discovered while others remain unknown. The discussion looks into women and children as victims who are affected by the crime. It also looks at possible countermeasures to use in dealing with the problem.
Presenting Domestic Violence Victimization and Population (Women and Children)
The presentation occurs through the discussion of the following literature work:
Van der Kolk, B. (2017). Developmental Trauma Disorder: Toward a rational diagnosis for children with complex trauma histories. Psychiatric annals, 35(5), 401-408.
More than 85% of domestic violence victims are women (Van der Kolk, 2017). Those affected falls between the ages of 24 and 25 years. The population of victims includes intimate partners, people sharing a residence, and married couples. Domestic violence victimization affects individuals from diverse ethnicities, socioeconomic backgrounds, ethnicities, and sexual orientation. The connection for domestic violence victimization revolves around the magnitude of trauma it creates on the victims. Victims undergo psychological disturbance since they suffer from the shock that affects them for many years unless they receive the needed attention. Domestic violence victimization occurs on a physical level. It comprises of different abuses that may lead to injury, harm, and damage upon women. Sometimes women fall victims of aggravated physical abuses via deadly weapons used on them to injure them.
García-Moreno, C., Hegarty, K., d'Oliveira, A., Koziol-McLain, J., Colombini, M., & Feder, G. (2015). The health-systems response to violence against women. The Lancet, 385(9977),, 1567-1579.
It is important to note that domestic violence occurs on emotional and psy.
M3A2
by Jennif er Augustus
Submission dat e: 02- Oct- 2017 03:05AM (UT C- 0700)
Submission ID: 855766133
File name: DomesticViolenceAgainstWomen.docx (26.89K)
Word count : 1229Charact er count : 7085
D
Running head: DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGANST WOMEN 1
Domestic Violence Against Women Name
Institution Date
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGANST WOMEN 2
II
Typical IJerpetrator of domestic violence against women
a
Violence against women can be defined as any act of gender -rel ated violen ce that is
likel y to result in or actually results in menta l, se xual, or physical suffering or harm to women including coercion , threats of violent acts or arbitrary depri vation of libert y, whether in private
or public life. In some cases, men are abused by partners (Saili, Mahfo z, Labong, & Putit, 2014). However , domestic violence is in most cases directed toward women. Abusive relationships often involve an imbalance of control and power. The perpetrator uses intimidating , hurtful
beha viors and words to control their partner (Saili Mahfo z, Labong, & Putit, 2014). It might be easy for one to identify domestic viol ence at initial stages . While some relationships tend to be clearly abusive abuse often begins subtly and worsen over time.
Domestic violen ce is about control and power. The perpetrator usua lly wants to dominate the survivor/vict im and wants to secure all the po\ver in the relationship and employs violence to maintain or establish power and authority (Ellsberg , et al., 2015). Perpetrators of domestic violence are often not deranged or sick, but have lea rned, manipulat ive and abusive beha viors and techniques that allow them to control and dominate others and obtain the desired responses (Ellsberg , et al. 2015). In most cases, an abuser will restrict the outlets of a victim , forbidding them from maintaining outside employment family ties and friends . This has an isolating
impact , creating dependenc y and leaving victims with no external support. Perpetrators also limit the options of a survivor by disallowing access to credit cards, checking accoun ts, or other sources of financial independence or mone y.
There is no typical perpetrator of domestic violence against women , but psychologists
have ident ified some characteristics that are common among the perpetrntors (Ellsberg , et al.,
m
2015). Many perpetra tors of domestic violence against women often suffer from low self-esteem ,
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGANST WOMEN 3
and their sense of identity and self is often tied to their partner. Thus, if perpetrators feel the y are somehow losing their victims either through emotional detachment , di vorce , separa tion , or pregnancy (the fear their vic tims will replace love for them with the lo ve for the coup le' s child) , they will lash out (Gracia , 2014). In case victims leave through any of the above-mentioned
methods , perpetrators usua lly feel they are losing their self ...
This document summarizes a research paper on the effect of values systems on attitudes toward interracial marriage. The paper examines how individual and group values systems may impact opinions on interracial marriage and potentially segment people into groups not previously considered. The research aims to study interracial marriage through the lens of social values systems as a way to better understand reported attitudes versus rates of interracial marriage. It reviews literature on assimilation theory and interracial marriage trends. The study proposes to experimentally assess attitudes toward interracial marriage alongside participants' placement on a values system continuum.
Women’s abuse experiences in Jordan: A comparative study using rural and urba...Rula alsawalqa
This study explored the patterns of economic abuse among working married women from rural and urban areas in Jordan, and identified their experiences with other abuses
nterconnected with economic abuse, including psychological, emotional, and physical abuse and
harassment. A quantitative research approach using a descriptive comparative design was
employed. The findings indicated that 55.5% of urban and 44.5% of rural women have
encountered spousal economic abuse in two ways: (1) controlling their economic resources
and managing their financial decisions and (2) exploiting their economic resources. Economic
abuse was found to be intertwined with other forms of abuse; women who faced economic
abuse also endured primarily emotional and psychological abuse, followed by physical abuse
and harassment, as tactics to reinforce economic abuse and maintain control over them. The
most common form of psychological abuse was being made to feel frustrated and neglected
when requesting emotional support, while emotional abuse was typified by resentment and
being told they are inadequate. Physical abuse included partners shaking, slapping, or
throwing objects at them. Both rural and urban women reported being harassed at their
workplace by their partners’ repeated phone calls. In general, urban women faced more
This study explored the patterns of economic abuse among working married women from rural and urban areas in Jordan, and identified their experiences with other abuses interconnected with economic abuse, including psychological, emotional, and physical abuse and harassment. A quantitative research approach using a descriptive comparative design was employed. The findings indicated that 55.5% of urban and 44.5% of rural women have encountered spousal economic abuse in two ways: (1) controlling their economic resources and managing their financial decisions and (2) exploiting their economic resources. Economic abuse was found to be intertwined with other forms of abuse; women who faced economic abuse also endured primarily emotional and psychological abuse, followed by physical abuse and harassment, as tactics to reinforce economic abuse and maintain control over them. The most common form of psychological abuse was being made to feel frustrated and neglected when requesting emotional support, while emotional abuse was typified by resentment and being told they are inadequate. Physical abuse included partners shaking, slapping, or throwing objects at them. Both rural and urban women reported being harassed at their workplace by their partners’ repeated phone calls. In general, urban women faced more economic and other forms of abuse than rural women, especially emotional and physical abuse.
This document discusses violence as a public health issue and provides an overview of key topics from the WHO's 2002 "World Report on Violence". It defines violence, presents a typology that divides violence into self-directed, interpersonal, and collective categories. Risk factors are examined using an ecological model looking at individual, relationship, community, and societal levels. Prevention approaches can target universal, selected, or indicated groups. A public health approach incorporating multi-level interventions is recommended to address the complex and multifaceted nature of violence.
This document summarizes information about victimization from a criminology course. It discusses the social ecology and characteristics of victimizations, as well as theories of victimization. The key points are:
1) Victimization risk varies based on location (e.g. public vs. private), gender, age, social status, and other demographic factors.
2) Theories of victimization like lifestyle theory and routine activities theory suggest victimization risk increases through behaviors like frequenting risky locations, having valuable possessions, and lacking capable guardians.
3) Victimization can cause economic losses, suffering, stress, PTSD and increased risk of anti-social behavior in victims.
- St. Louis has seen increasing rates of homicide over the past 5 years, with young people disproportionately responsible for crime and violence. Homicide offenders and victims are often male, African American, between 17-29 years old, and have a criminal history. These demographics match those of current or former gang members.
- While only 13-18% of homicides are committed by known gang members, gang involvement may be underreported due to definitional issues and the fact that many leave gangs before age 20 but continue criminal behavior.
- The document examines different approaches to defining and understanding gangs and the role of moral panic in shaping anti-gang policies, finding that subjective law enforcement designations can
The Effects of Crime on Individuals as Victims and PerpetratorsDani Cathro
1) Crime can have significant emotional, practical, and financial impacts on victims. Victims often experience shock, fear, anxiety, depression, and changes in beliefs about safety after being victimized.
2) Both short term impacts like trauma and long term issues like PTSD are common in victims and depend on the type and severity of the crime. Ongoing domestic violence or child abuse victims can experience repeated trauma.
3) In addition to emotional effects, many victims face practical problems like repairs, lost wages, medical bills, and higher insurance costs due to the crime. Over 150,000 children in the UK are also affected each year by a parent's imprisonment.
Understanding the Man Box: the link between gender socialization and domestic...Rula alsawalqa
The “Man Box” refers to a rigid set of expectations, perceptions, and behaviors that are considered “manly” and/or a “real man's” behavior, imposed on men by the society, such as superiority, cruelty, emotional suppression, lack of physical intimacy with other men, and expectations of socially aggressive and/or dominant behavior. Gender-based types of aggression and violence are central in the production of dominant heterosexual masculinities and male superiority that impose the dominating and violating behavior on men, and make these behaviors acceptable and naturalized. Therefore, adherence to the Man Box is one of the causes of violence against women, and to the creation and reinforcement of social environments conducive to domestic violence. This study shows how Jordanian males internalize and agree with “Man Box” beliefs and how these meanings affect their lives and behavioral patterns. Perceptions of Jordanian women on these issues were also included in the data collected through a survey distributed to 1,029 participants (525 men and 504 women) who live in Amman, Jordan. The results show that Man Box beliefs still prevail in Jordanian culture, promoted by parents, partners, and acquaintances. A total of 49.9% of the respondents show agreement with Man Box ideas. Jordanian men believe that society imposes rigid masculine gender roles, views on heterosexuality and homophobia, and expectations of aggression and control. Their personal attitudes, however, rejected the dictates of solving their own personal problems without help and fighting back when they were threatened. Most Jordanian women reported personal agreement with Man Box ideals for men, particularly in the areas of self-sufficiency, acting tough, and control, all of which can prevent men from breaking out of the Man Box. Our results also show that life inside the Man Box can impede men's formation of emotionally connected friendships and encourage them to show transgressive emotional behaviors. Furthermore, some men were more probable to violate the Man Box rules, such as being likely to talk to friends about something deeply emotional and feeling comfortable crying in front of them, or continuing to rely primarily on their mothers and romantic partners for emotional support. Additionally, inside the Man Box, men are more likely to experience physical and online bullying and perpetrate verbal and physical bullying; however, they are also more likely to attempt to intervene to stop violence.
Virtual reality has potential to increase empathy and change social perspectives on complex issues like domestic violence. VR experiences allow people to understand others' experiences by embodying avatars in realistic scenarios. This can help overcome simplistic blame of victims and promote consideration of systemic factors contributing to social problems. For impact to scale up, VR experiences must facilitate ongoing discussion that maintains empathy beyond the initial experience. Games may harness social motivations to promote sustained engagement around issues. However, VR also presents challenges like how to ensure diverse perspectives are represented and how fluid identities could impact understanding.
This document discusses institutions of higher education and their response to sexual violence on campus. It begins with an introduction explaining that while access to higher education has increased, colleges still struggle to ensure safety and respect for all students. It then defines sexual violence and notes its high prevalence among college women. The document outlines various negative physical, mental, and academic outcomes for victims and discusses potential causes of sexual violence like gender inequality and the desire for power and control rather than sexual desire. It concludes by calling for continued efforts to prevent sexual violence and create safer learning environments.
A qualitative study to investigate male victims’ experiences of female-perpet...Rula alsawalqa
Battered husband syndrome has not been investigated in an Arab context, despite evidence of a significant increase in violence against men by women. This study investigated male victims’ experiences of female-perpetrated domestic abuse in Jordan using a qualitative exploratory descriptive approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 33 married men from Amman and analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Five themes were identified: 1. causes of domestic abuse against men; 2. types of domestic abuse against men; 3. effects of domestic abuse against men; 4. men’s perception of reducing or stopping abuse by their wives; and 5. abusive wives’ characteristics. Participants experienced psychological, emotional and verbal abuse, coercive control, emotional neglect, and physical violence with varying degrees of severity, which affected both them and their families. Abusive wives used numerous tactics, including sex, children, isolation, and money to enable abuse. Moreover, clan and traditional thinking, societal structures, and norms led participants to divorce, stay in an abusive relationship, or use violence against their wives. The leading causes of abuse against the husband were wives’ neglecting the house, children, appearance, and personal hygiene; wasting money; wives’ family interfering in the couple’s private marital affairs; the wife’s betrayal; and traditional thinking. New perspectives toward domestic abuse in Jordan need to be developed to help us better understand the nature of abuse against men, provide resources and support for them, reduce the prevalence of domestic abuse, and protect Jordanian families.
This document discusses victims and victimization from several perspectives. It begins by defining who is considered a victim and the harms they can experience. Certain groups are at higher risk of victimization due to factors like lifestyle, age, gender, race, social status and repeat victimization. The nature and locations of victimization are also examined. Several theories of victimization are then outlined, including lifestyle theory, routine activity theory, and victim precipitation theory. The roles of suitable targets, lack of guardians, and motivated offenders in allowing crimes of opportunity are also discussed in the context of routine activity theory.
This document outlines a proposed program to prevent sexual violence on a college campus. It begins with introducing the problem of sexual violence on college campuses and defining key terms. It then discusses social and environmental determinants of sexual violence and presents data on prevalence of sexual assault among college students. The target population is identified as college-aged students, particularly women. A needs assessment was conducted through interviews with campus health experts and reviewing campus statistics. The document proposes using this information to develop goals, objectives, and strategies for a prevention program.
The document discusses how violence often occurs between groups that have only minor differences. Freud coined the term "narcissism of minor differences" to describe how communities can be hostile towards those most similar to themselves. Examples are given of the Nuer and Dinka ethnic groups in South Sudan, who share many cultural similarities but also engage in violence against each other. The document argues that violence between groups usually has symbolic meaning and functions, not just instrumental purposes, and must be understood in its proper cultural and historical context.
This document is a presentation on crime, media, and criminology presented by Avijit Sarker Subrata. It discusses how the media depicts crime and influences public perceptions of crime. It notes that the media focuses on violent crimes and stereotypical portrayals of criminals. Research shows the media selects stories based on unusual circumstances, dramatic elements, and involvement of famous people. The media dramatizes crime to sell news and most portrayals are of violent, interpersonal crimes, ignoring white-collar and corporate crimes. This shapes the public's understanding of crime more than personal experiences.
Strain theory argues that people engage in crime due to strain or stress in their lives. They may commit crimes like violence, theft, or drug use to reduce or escape from strain caused by issues like harassment, financial problems, or abusive relationships. Social learning theory claims people learn criminal behavior through association with criminal peers and by being reinforced for criminal acts. Control theory takes a different approach, arguing that people naturally want to satisfy their desires through crime but refrain from it due to controls like rules, monitoring by authority figures, and the threat of sanctions.
The document discusses sexual cultures, risk, and social control in the context of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. It examines how identities have shifted from an "AIDS panic" to a more manageable identity in the post-HAART era. It also explores rational choice models of HIV prevention and their limitations, and recommends increased culturally sensitive education and inclusive policymaking to address issues of criminalization related to HIV transmission.
The document discusses the causes and types of violence. It analyzes violence through four levels - biological/personal, close relationships, community, and societal. Violence is categorized into self-directed, interpersonal, and collective forms. The types of violence include physical, sexual, emotional, psychological, spiritual, and cultural forms. The document concludes that scientific strategies aimed at underlying causes, such as parenting programs, life skills training, and reducing substance abuse, have been effective in preventing violence.
Unit 9 Hall Elizabeth Social Construction EssayElizabeth Hall
This document discusses several social construction theories that are used in criminology to understand criminal behavior such as serial killing. It outlines social structure theory, including social disorganization theory, strain theory, and cultural deviance theory. It also discusses social class theory, social process theory, including social learning theory and neutralization theory. Additionally, it summarizes social control theory and labeling theory. For each theory, it provides examples of how the theory may be applied to understanding the behaviors of specific serial killers.
This document discusses the nature vs. nurture debate around what facilitates male sexual serial murder. It suggests that most researchers believe both genetics and environment during development are factors. Childhood experiences like abuse, isolation, and lack of healthy relationships cause social difficulties and distorted views of relationships and sex. These early experiences interact with predispositions and result in fantasies of violence and revenge emerging during teenage years. By adulthood, failure to achieve needs for power and sex drive some to turn these fantasies into reality through murder. Overall, the document concludes that while genetics play a role, the true facilitators lie more in the negative nurturing environments and experiences during formative years that leave serial killers unable to cope with emotions and society.
Running head ASSIGNMENT 3-ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY .docxtoddr4
Running head: ASSIGNMENT 3-ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 1
ASSIGNMENT 3-ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 9
Assignment 3-Annotated Bibliography
Stephanie Rincon
Professor Terri Klosek
FP6525 | Psychology of the Victim
December 26,2018
Assignment 3-Annotated Bibliography
Introduction
The problem looked into by the paper includes domestic violence victimization. Domestic violence victimization is a serious offense that has for a long time disturbed families, individuals, and the social sectors (Van der Kolk, 2017). Since it touches on family, the most affected individuals comprise of women and children who undergo physical and mental abuse. Most of the known perpetrators of the crime include men who assault their partners. Domestic violence victimization focuses on individuals who are embroiled in a conflict involving a romantic relationship (Anderberg, Rainer, Wadsworth, & Wilson, 2015). Despite having the above factor as a general definition of domestic violence, one has to know that there are several features of domestic violence which are still being discovered while others remain unknown. The discussion looks into women and children as victims who are affected by the crime. It also looks at possible countermeasures to use in dealing with the problem.
Presenting Domestic Violence Victimization and Population (Women and Children)
The presentation occurs through the discussion of the following literature work:
Van der Kolk, B. (2017). Developmental Trauma Disorder: Toward a rational diagnosis for children with complex trauma histories. Psychiatric annals, 35(5), 401-408.
More than 85% of domestic violence victims are women (Van der Kolk, 2017). Those affected falls between the ages of 24 and 25 years. The population of victims includes intimate partners, people sharing a residence, and married couples. Domestic violence victimization affects individuals from diverse ethnicities, socioeconomic backgrounds, ethnicities, and sexual orientation. The connection for domestic violence victimization revolves around the magnitude of trauma it creates on the victims. Victims undergo psychological disturbance since they suffer from the shock that affects them for many years unless they receive the needed attention. Domestic violence victimization occurs on a physical level. It comprises of different abuses that may lead to injury, harm, and damage upon women. Sometimes women fall victims of aggravated physical abuses via deadly weapons used on them to injure them.
García-Moreno, C., Hegarty, K., d'Oliveira, A., Koziol-McLain, J., Colombini, M., & Feder, G. (2015). The health-systems response to violence against women. The Lancet, 385(9977),, 1567-1579.
It is important to note that domestic violence occurs on emotional and psy.
M3A2
by Jennif er Augustus
Submission dat e: 02- Oct- 2017 03:05AM (UT C- 0700)
Submission ID: 855766133
File name: DomesticViolenceAgainstWomen.docx (26.89K)
Word count : 1229Charact er count : 7085
D
Running head: DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGANST WOMEN 1
Domestic Violence Against Women Name
Institution Date
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGANST WOMEN 2
II
Typical IJerpetrator of domestic violence against women
a
Violence against women can be defined as any act of gender -rel ated violen ce that is
likel y to result in or actually results in menta l, se xual, or physical suffering or harm to women including coercion , threats of violent acts or arbitrary depri vation of libert y, whether in private
or public life. In some cases, men are abused by partners (Saili, Mahfo z, Labong, & Putit, 2014). However , domestic violence is in most cases directed toward women. Abusive relationships often involve an imbalance of control and power. The perpetrator uses intimidating , hurtful
beha viors and words to control their partner (Saili Mahfo z, Labong, & Putit, 2014). It might be easy for one to identify domestic viol ence at initial stages . While some relationships tend to be clearly abusive abuse often begins subtly and worsen over time.
Domestic violen ce is about control and power. The perpetrator usua lly wants to dominate the survivor/vict im and wants to secure all the po\ver in the relationship and employs violence to maintain or establish power and authority (Ellsberg , et al., 2015). Perpetrators of domestic violence are often not deranged or sick, but have lea rned, manipulat ive and abusive beha viors and techniques that allow them to control and dominate others and obtain the desired responses (Ellsberg , et al. 2015). In most cases, an abuser will restrict the outlets of a victim , forbidding them from maintaining outside employment family ties and friends . This has an isolating
impact , creating dependenc y and leaving victims with no external support. Perpetrators also limit the options of a survivor by disallowing access to credit cards, checking accoun ts, or other sources of financial independence or mone y.
There is no typical perpetrator of domestic violence against women , but psychologists
have ident ified some characteristics that are common among the perpetrntors (Ellsberg , et al.,
m
2015). Many perpetra tors of domestic violence against women often suffer from low self-esteem ,
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGANST WOMEN 3
and their sense of identity and self is often tied to their partner. Thus, if perpetrators feel the y are somehow losing their victims either through emotional detachment , di vorce , separa tion , or pregnancy (the fear their vic tims will replace love for them with the lo ve for the coup le' s child) , they will lash out (Gracia , 2014). In case victims leave through any of the above-mentioned
methods , perpetrators usua lly feel they are losing their self ...
1847
American Economic Review 100 (September 2010): 1847–1859
http://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/aer.100.4.1847
Three-quarters of all violence against women is perpetrated by domestic partners, with poor
women disproportionately affected. The estimated costs of domestic violence in terms of medi-
cal care and declines in productivity exceed $5.8 billion annually (Centers for Disease Control
2003). In this paper I examine the impact of the gender wage gap on levels of domestic violence
in the United States. An economic theory of household bargaining that incorporates violence
predicts that increases in a woman’s relative wage increase her bargaining power and lower levels
of violence by improving her outside option. To test the predictions of this theory, I estimate the
impact of the gender wage gap on violence against women by exploiting exogenous changes in
the demand for labor in female dominated industries relative to male dominated ones. I find that
decreases in the wage gap reduce violence against women.
This research addresses a number of limitations in existing work. First, most previous studies
of the relationship between women’s income and domestic violence fail to establish a causal rela-
tionship by failing to account for the potential for omitted variable bias or reverse causality. Even
the handful of papers that do consider this potential endogeneity focus largely on a woman’s own
wage when a household bargaining model suggests both that a woman’s relative wage matters
and that potential, not actual, wages determine bargaining power and levels of violence. Finally,
previous work is based on survey data which are prone to nonrandom underreporting and are not
consistently collected over time.
To overcome these shortcomings, I employ two strategies. First, I develop a new measure of
violence based on administrative data: female hospitalizations for assault. These data represent
an improvement over individual survey data because they do not necessarily rely on self-reports
of violence, are consistently collected over a long period of time, and include the universe of
women in California (roughly 15 million individuals). Second, to overcome the endogeneity of
individual wages and account for the fact that theory predicts that potential, not actual, wages
affect violence, I analyze the impact of the wage gap as a function of local demand for female
and male labor on domestic violence. To do so I take advantage of the fact that certain industries
have traditionally been dominated by women (e.g., services) and others by men (e.g., construc-
tion) to create sex-specific measures of prevailing local wages based on the industrial structure
of the county and statewide wage growth in industries dominant in each county. Constructed in
this way, this measure of the gender wage gap reflects sex-specific labor demand (see Timothy
Bartik 1991; Olivier J. Blanchard and Lawrence F. Katz 1992) not underlying w.
This document discusses domestic violence against women and girls. It provides an overview of the scope and magnitude of the problem globally. Some key points include:
- Domestic violence is perpetrated by intimate partners and family members and includes physical, sexual, and psychological abuse.
- Estimates suggest 20-50% of women worldwide experience physical violence from intimate partners.
- Violence against women occurs throughout their lives, from sex-selective abortions and infanticide of baby girls to abuse as children and adults within their homes and families.
- In addition to the physical and mental health consequences for women and children, domestic violence has significant social and economic costs.
- A coordinated, multi-sectoral approach is needed
Gender based violence is violence directed at women because of their gender and includes intimate partner violence, sexual violence, and other forms of abuse. It stems from unequal power relationships between men and women and violates women's basic human rights. Violence against women occurs in families, workplaces, and communities and is perpetrated by both private individuals and state actors. Globally, high rates of physical and sexual violence have been reported, including 38% of all female murders committed by intimate partners. Consequences for victims include physical injuries as well as increased risks of mental health issues, HIV/AIDS, and complications during childbirth. Addressing the underlying causes of gender inequality, discrimination, and social norms that tolerate violence is key to prevention.
Geographies of domestic violence in rural spaces: Case of rural Nepali commun...IJRTEMJOURNAL
Recognition that past research on domestic violence largely concentrated on urban areas has
helped to generate a body of work focusing specifically on the rural. This work has begun to identify important
characteristics of the experience of intimate partner violence in rural communities and, in particular, to draw
attention to the problems of resourcing and delivering services in support of families and individuals living with
and escaping violence. A key direction of research has been the interrogation of rates of domestic violence in
the comparison of urban, suburban and rural areas. Some studies have extended this comparative approach in
highlighting the prevalence of different forms of violence across types of community. This focus on the rural has
been a welcomed response to academic criticisms of the lack of work on the rationality of space and violence
and to associated calls by geographers to foreground the centrality of space in work on both the experience and
conceptualization of violence. Three remote villages of Bank district of western Nepal has been selected for the
household survey at 90 households. In addition to that, KII and FGD as well as interactive interview with the
local stake holders have also been conducted. Main finding of this research is women in the rural and remote
areas are more likely than women in urban areas to experience domestic and family violence. Similarly, women
living in the rural and remote areas who experience domestic and family violence face specific issues related to
their geographical location and the cultural and social characteristics of living in small communities.
Geographies of domestic violence in rural spaces: Case of rural Nepali commun...IJRTEMJOURNAL
Recognition that past research on domestic violence largely concentrated on urban areas has
helped to generate a body of work focusing specifically on the rural. This work has begun to identify important
characteristics of the experience of intimate partner violence in rural communities and, in particular, to draw
attention to the problems of resourcing and delivering services in support of families and individuals living with
and escaping violence. A key direction of research has been the interrogation of rates of domestic violence in
the comparison of urban, suburban and rural areas. Some studies have extended this comparative approach in
highlighting the prevalence of different forms of violence across types of community. This focus on the rural has
been a welcomed response to academic criticisms of the lack of work on the rationality of space and violence
and to associated calls by geographers to foreground the centrality of space in work on both the experience and
conceptualization of violence. Three remote villages of Bank district of western Nepal has been selected for the
household survey at 90 households. In addition to that, KII and FGD as well as interactive interview with the
local stake holders have also been conducted. Main finding of this research is women in the rural and remote
areas are more likely than women in urban areas to experience domestic and family violence. Similarly, women
living in the rural and remote areas who experience domestic and family violence face specific issues related to
their geographical location and the cultural and social characteristics of living in small communities.
J of Marriage and Family - 2022 - Torrisi - Young‐age exposure to armed confl...AlJamalMustafaShinda3
This study examines the relationship between exposure to armed conflict during childhood and adolescence and risk of intimate partner violence (IPV) later in life. Using data from Demographic and Health Surveys across four post-Soviet countries, the study finds that women exposed to conflict before age 19 had a higher risk of physical and sexual IPV compared to those not exposed. Exposure during early childhood (ages 0-10) was most strongly associated with increased IPV risk. Additional analyses suggest this relationship may be partly explained by greater exposure to family violence during conflict and changes in attitudes toward IPV among men exposed to conflict in late adolescence (ages 16-19). The findings indicate that exposure to armed conflict during formative years can have long-
Journal of Sociology and Social Work June 2017, Vol. 5, No. TatianaMajor22
This document summarizes a journal article that uses critical race theory to explore differences between African American and Caucasian women who perpetrate intimate partner violence. The study found that African American women in the sample were more likely to score higher on measures of physical conflict and parenting attitudes. The document provides background on intimate partner violence among African American female perpetrators and the use of critical race theory as a framework. It discusses how critical race theory acknowledges the intersections of race, gender, and other factors that influence the experiences of African American women with intimate partner violence.
FINAL META ANALYSIS RESEARCH PAPER SSH405 Domestic Violence and PatriarchyHannah Al Ghareeb
The document discusses intimate partner violence (IPV) against women in patriarchal societies. It notes that IPV is prevalent across cultures and negatively impacts women's physical and mental health. Studies show patriarchal relationship dynamics that emphasize male dominance and traditional gender roles are correlated with higher rates of IPV. Maintaining power and control in relationships through violence may stem from conditioning to fulfill male identities in patriarchal cultures. IPV has broader societal impacts by spreading dysfunctional behaviors and reducing a country's economic productivity and quality of life for women.
The gendered foundations of partner violence and its relationship to HIVHopkinsCFAR
This document discusses the relationship between gender-based violence and HIV. It finds that intimate partner violence (IPV) is the most common form of violence women experience globally. IPV increases women's risk of HIV through multiple pathways, including exposure to higher-risk partners of abusive men, genital trauma from violence increasing susceptibility to infection, and psychological impacts of abuse like PTSD that can influence risk behaviors. While individual, relationship, and community factors all predict violence, the strongest predictors of a population's IPV levels are social norms justifying abuse and gender inequality in areas like ownership rights. Economic development alone does not explain violence levels, but appears to be a marker for related social changes. Addressing underlying gender inequality and social norms is key
Gender Differences in Intimate Partner Violence OutcomesJe.docxhanneloremccaffery
The document summarizes a literature review on gender differences in outcomes of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization. The review finds that while men and women both experience negative physical and mental health effects from IPV, the literature largely shows that women suffer disproportionately and to a greater degree. Specifically, studies have found that women generally experience more injuries, poorer physical health, higher rates of depression/anxiety, greater posttraumatic stress, and larger decreases in relationship satisfaction as a result of IPV compared to men. The review proposes that these gender differences in outcomes may be due to cultural and social factors that typically give men higher status and power over women.
The document discusses several feminist theories and perspectives on understanding gender and violence. It summarizes research that examines the prevalence of intimate partner violence among men and women. One study found that men are more likely than women to inflict injury on their partners. Another study found that dating violence led to various health issues for young women and that they received little support. The document also discusses how radical feminist theory emphasizes the male domination and power over women as central to women's oppression, and that pornography, prostitution, and other issues violate women.
On 19 October 2021, over 500 researchers, practitioners, policymakers and activists from around the world gathered to take stock of what we know about the intersections between
violence against children and violence against women, identify existing knowledge gaps and discuss opportunities to increase coordination across efforts to prevent and respond to both
forms of violence.
This summary presents key takeaways from the event organized by UNICEF Innocenti, in collaboration with the Global Partnership to End Violence, the World Health Organization,
the Sexual Violence Research Initiative and the UK FCDO.
States of Denial: Gendering Policy & Practice in Domestic Abuse and Mental Health Services - Professor Linda McKie, Glasgow Caledonian University - a presentation at A Difficult Alliance? Making Connections between Mental Health and Domestic Violence Research and Practice Agendas on 7 June 2011
This document discusses the link between domestic violence and poverty. It argues that domestic violence, which can take various forms including physical, psychological, emotional, sexual, and economic abuse, keeps victims in a cycle of poverty. Poor women who experience domestic violence have limited opportunities for education and employment, causing them to rely on abusive partners and remain in poverty. Governments spend billions addressing domestic violence through policing, courts, and healthcare, funds that could otherwise help reduce poverty. Breaking this link between domestic violence and poverty requires empowering victims economically and addressing the root causes of abuse.
This document analyzes survey data from over 40 developing countries to understand determinants of radicalism, support for violence, and participation in anti-regime actions. It finds that individuals who feel politically and economically marginalized are more likely to harbor extremist views but less likely to join collective political movements. This potentially explains why marginalized groups are difficult to mobilize in nation-wide movements, despite their attitudes. It also finds that arenas for active political participation are more likely dominated by upper-middle income groups committed to preserving the status quo. Suppressing these forms of participation may push these groups towards more radical preferences. The findings suggest the poor may be caught in a cycle of increasing self-exclusion and marginalization.
1Developmental Predictors of Violent Extremist Attitud.docxdrennanmicah
This document summarizes a study that examines how collective strain and moral/legal neutralization influence violent extremist attitudes in adolescents. The study uses data from Swiss adolescents to test predictions from General Strain Theory. Specifically, it hypothesizes that 1) exposure to collective strain is associated with higher support for violent extremism and 2) the effect of collective strain is amplified when individuals have higher moral disengagement and legal cynicism. The results found that collective strain alone did not predict extremist attitudes, but the interaction of strain and moral/legal neutralization did significantly predict more extremist views.
Similar to 2017.04.06 Dynamics of Public and Private Violence (20)
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Vincenzo MacCarrone, UCD, Explaining the trajectory of collective bargaining in Ireland: 2000-2017 presented at the 6th Annual NERI Labour Market Conference in association with the Whitaker Institute, NUI Galway, 22nd May, 2018.
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The document summarizes medium-term trends in Ireland's labor market from 1998-2017. It finds that while employment doubled over this period, the employment rate remains below other Northern European countries. There was a shift away from industry and agriculture towards healthcare and education. Female labor force participation lags the EU average, and regional employment growth has not significantly favored Dublin. Wage and productivity growth in Ireland has also been comparatively weak. Key barriers to employment include the high cost of childcare and lack of an industrial policy following industry declines. Volatility in employment may be difficult to avoid in small open economies.
Stephen Byrne, A non-employment index for IrelandNUI Galway
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Sinead Pembroke, Living with uncertainty: The social implications of precario...NUI Galway
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Paul MacFlynn, A low skills equilibrium in Northern IrelandNUI Galway
Paul Mac Flynn, NERI, A low skills equilibrium in Northern Ireland presented at the 6th Annual NERI Labour Market Conference in association with the Whitaker Institute, NUI Galway, 22nd May, 2018.
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Dr Nuala Whelan, Maynooth University & Ballymun Job Club, The role of labour market activation in building a healthy workforce: Enhancing well-being for the long-term unemployed through positive psychological interventions presented at the 6th Annual NERI Labour Market Conference in association with the Whitaker Institute, NUI Galway, 22nd May, 2018.
Michéal Collins, and Dr Michelle Maher, Auto enrolmentNUI Galway
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Michael Taft, SIPTU, A new enterprise model: The long march through the market economy presented at the 6th Annual NERI Labour Market Conference in association with the Whitaker Institute, NUI Galway, 22nd May, 2018.
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Karina Doorley, axation, labour force participation and gender equality in Ir...NUI Galway
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Jason Loughrey, Household income volatility in IrelandNUI Galway
Dr Jason Loughrey, Teagasc, Household income volatility in Ireland presented at the 6th Annual NERI Labour Market Conference in association with the Whitaker Institute, NUI Galway, 22nd May, 2018.
Ivan Privalko, What do Workers get from Mobility?NUI Galway
Voluntary job mobility, such as quits and promotions, is assumed to lead to improved wages and working conditions. However, studies have found mixed and inconsistent results regarding the effects of different types of voluntary mobility on objective and subjective work outcomes. This document analyzes data from the British Household Panel Survey to compare the effects of internal voluntary mobility (promotions), external voluntary mobility (quits), and involuntary mobility (demotions, layoffs) on subjective satisfaction and objective pay. It finds that external voluntary mobility most increases subjective satisfaction, while internal voluntary mobility provides the largest objective pay benefits. Voluntary mobility within versus between employers leads to different work rewards.
Helen Johnston, Labour market transitions: barriers and enablersNUI Galway
Dr Helen Johnston, NESC, Labour market transitions: barriers and enablers presented at the 6th Annual NERI Labour Market Conference in association with the Whitaker Institute, NUI Galway, 22nd May, 2018.
Gail Irvine, Carnegie UK Trust, Fulfilling work in Ireland presented at the 6th Annual NERI Labour Market Conference in association with the Whitaker Institute, NUI Galway, 22nd May, 2018.
Frank Walsh, Assessing competing explanations for the decline in trade union ...NUI Galway
Dr Frank Walsh, UCD, Assessing competing explanations for the decline in trade union density in Ireland presented at the 6th Annual NERI Labour Market Conference in association with the Whitaker Institute, NUI Galway, 22nd May, 2018.
Eamon Murphy, An overview of labour market participation in Ireland over the ...NUI Galway
Eamon Murphy, Social Justice Ireland, An overview of labour market participation in Ireland over the last two decades presented at the 6th Annual NERI Labour Market Conference in association with the Whitaker Institute, NUI Galway, 22nd May, 2018.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
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The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
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Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
2017.04.06 Dynamics of Public and Private Violence
1. Dynamics of Public and Private
Violence:
SITUATING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE WITHIN CONFLICT
RESEARCH
STACEY SCRIVER AND NATA DUVVURY,
CENTRE FOR GLOBAL WOMENS’ STUDIES
WHAT WORKS TO PREVENT VIOLENCE: ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COSTS OF VAWG
2. A gap in understanding…
Research into the causes of violent conflict has leaned towards greed or grievance
approaches.
Largely gender blind.
More recently some researchers have looked at relationship between gender inequality
and likelihood of intra or inter-state conflict.
Empirical evidence finds that:
states with higher levels of social, economic and political gender equality are less likely to rely
on military force to settle external of internal disputes (Capriolig, 2005; Hudson et al. 2008;
Ekvall, 2016).
modernisation predicts conflict in low income countries; but wealth does not have a
demonstrable pacifying effect, other than that of increased gender equality (Melander 2005:
711).
regardless of overall levels of gender equality, people with gender equitable beliefs and
attitudes are more supportive of peaceful approaches to conflict than those with traditionally
gender normative attitudes (Tessler and Warriner 1997)
norms and attitudes toward gender equality, rather than behavioural and demographic
factors alone, are associated with levels of political and socioeconomic gender equality,
absence or presence of armed conflict, and level of general peacefulness (Ekvall, 2016)
3. Explaining the relationship between
gender inequality and conflict
Thus, strong evidence that gender equality is associated with more
peaceful states.
But, explanations for this relationship remain contested.
Three, non-exclusive, primary explanations:
1. Gender inequality results in states being ‘primed for violence’ due to
patriarchal structural conditions.
2. Hegemonic masculinity that associates violence with power
3. Women are inherently more peaceful and thus in more equal states, where
women have greater representation in state, less likely to choose violent
means of conflict resolution.
Empirical evidence offers little support for this explanation
4. Linking public and private violence
Explanatory potential among combination of the structural explanations for
gender inequality and higher rates of conflict and role of hegemonic
masculinity in legitimising violence as a means of asserting power and
settling disputes.
Violence against women is both an expression of structural inequality and
intrinsically connected to hegemonic masculinity.
Domestic violence/IPV most pervasive form of violence in the world.
Yet, domestic violence has not been considered as a potential contributor, via
gender inequality, to instability and conflict.
= a gap in conflict research.
5. What we know about the relationship between DV
and Violent conflict
To date, no empirical research evidence of the relationship between intrapersonal gender
based violence against women and levels of violent conflict
But, ‘If gendered violence can be undermined at its taproot—domestic violence within the home—
the effects… should cascade outward to affect many social phenomena, including state security
and behaviour’ (Hudson et.al. 2008).
Evidence supports the link between
Witnessing violence in the home, particularly against mother, and perpetration of violence towards
men and women, including violence with weapons, participation in gang violence and in sexual
violence (alone and in groups) (e.g. Fulu, et.al. 2014; Carvalho and Soares, 2016; Gerard 2014)
Clear link between youth homicide and witnessing DV (Heide, 2003; Gerard, 2014)
Strong link between perpetration of DV and mass shootings in US between 2009-2015 – in 57%
of incidents a partner/spouse was also killed and 16% of all shooters had a previous DV charge.
experience, including witnessing of, domestic violence impacts on boys’ and young men’s
expectations surrounding masculinity, and may lead to an association of masculinity with violence
(Holligan and Deuchar 2015).
Evidence to support that being witness to DV shapes attitudes and norms that increases
tolerance for the use of violence to assert power and/or resolve conflicts.
6. Developing understanding of the pathways through which
DV is connected to gender inequality and violent conflict.
Theoretical foundations:
Ecological frameworks
Connect ontological, micro, meso and macro
social levels
Addition of chronological element to traditional
frameworks to better understand process over
time.
Socialisation process
Primary socialisation – the family
Secondary socialisation – education, peer
group, media, religion etc…
WHO, 2017: http://www.who.int/violenceprevention/approach/ecology/en/
8. Contribution of the model
highlights how domestic violence and inequality, across the elements of
chronology and sites of socialisation, influence the development of norms
and attitudes that contribute both to gender inequality and to the
normalisation of violence to settle disputes.
aims to demonstrate that violence against women/IPV/GBV in the home is
an important factor in fully understanding contributors to violent conflict and
the undermining of peace-fostering.
Engages with conflict research to make an intervention in the agenda –
that domestic violence matters, and thus to encourage further empirical
research to test this hypothesis
Points towards potential avenues for interventions to challenge cyclical
relationship between public and private violence and, ultimately, to reduce
violence and conflict, between states, within states and within the home.
9. Contribution of the What Works to Prevent
Violence: Economic and Social Costs analysis
In the current DFID project we will be able to test aspects of this model
using the data collected from over 9000 individuals across Ghana,
Pakistan and South Sudan.
Using this data we will:
Explore the links between violence in the home and community level security
and safety
Conduct comparative analysis of Ghana and South Sudan in terms of
prevalence of partner violence and links to broader structural inequality in both
countries
Assess the impact of IPV on women’s engagement in politics and public
participation
10. Thank you.
PRESENTATION BASED ON PAPER, ‘WHY DOMESTIC VIOLENCE MATTERS TO PEACE
AND CONFLICT RESEARCHERS’, SCRIVER, S., BALLANTINE, C. AND DUVVURY, N.
FUNDING FOR THIS WORK: DEPARTMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT UK.
WHAT WORKS TO PREVENT VIOLENCE: ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COSTS OF VAWG