The document discusses how violence often occurs between groups that have only minor differences. Freud coined the term "narcissism of minor differences" to describe how communities can be hostile towards those most similar to themselves. Examples are given of the Nuer and Dinka ethnic groups in South Sudan, who share many cultural similarities but also engage in violence against each other. The document argues that violence between groups usually has symbolic meaning and functions, not just instrumental purposes, and must be understood in its proper cultural and historical context.
The Effect of Vehicle theft and hijacking - Dr Jaco BarkhuizenTracker Connect
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The objectives of this study were to gather information in order to provide desired information to the following questions:
- How do victims experience the vehicle hijacking?
- What was the general make-up of the incident?
- What are the financial and physical-emotional consequences of vehicle hijacking?
- What are the social consequences of vehicle hijacking?
- And how does the financial and physical-emotional consequences contribute to the social consequences?
- What common trends can be identified to establish the effect that this crime has had on the social fabric in South Africa?
"Can Civil Society Achieve Civility WITHOUT the Civilian?
Instigation Theory argues that without voluntary approval of the civilian, Civil Society loses its capitalization and morphs from proponent to Observer, or worse, 'Disruptor'."
(Poster Presentation for 4th Annual Celebration of Student Scholarship)
Slideshows about nonviolence and nonviolent resolution of conflicts, economic alternatives, ecology, social change, spirituality : www.irnc.org , Slideshows in english
What is nonviolence ?
Defining nonviolence, clarifying a few concepts, philosophy of nonviolence, stategy of nonviolent action, political nonviolence
Introduction to nonviolence
The Rwandan Genocide: A Crime Against Humanity
Essay on Genocide in Rwanda
Write An Essay On The Rwanda Genocide
Genocide in Rwanda Essay
An Essay On The Rwandan Genocide
Essay On Rwanda Genocide
The Rwanda Genocide Essay
Rwanda Genocide Sociology
Essay On Genocide In Rwanda
Rwanda Genocide Essay
International Response To Rwanda Genocide
Rwandan Genocide Essay
Essay On Rwanda Genocide
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Issues In Rwanda Genocide
Genocide in Rwanda Essay
Causes And Effects Of The Rwandan Genocide
Essay On The Rwanda Genocide
Research Paper On Rwanda Genocide
The Effect of Vehicle theft and hijacking - Dr Jaco BarkhuizenTracker Connect
Â
The objectives of this study were to gather information in order to provide desired information to the following questions:
- How do victims experience the vehicle hijacking?
- What was the general make-up of the incident?
- What are the financial and physical-emotional consequences of vehicle hijacking?
- What are the social consequences of vehicle hijacking?
- And how does the financial and physical-emotional consequences contribute to the social consequences?
- What common trends can be identified to establish the effect that this crime has had on the social fabric in South Africa?
"Can Civil Society Achieve Civility WITHOUT the Civilian?
Instigation Theory argues that without voluntary approval of the civilian, Civil Society loses its capitalization and morphs from proponent to Observer, or worse, 'Disruptor'."
(Poster Presentation for 4th Annual Celebration of Student Scholarship)
Slideshows about nonviolence and nonviolent resolution of conflicts, economic alternatives, ecology, social change, spirituality : www.irnc.org , Slideshows in english
What is nonviolence ?
Defining nonviolence, clarifying a few concepts, philosophy of nonviolence, stategy of nonviolent action, political nonviolence
Introduction to nonviolence
The Rwandan Genocide: A Crime Against Humanity
Essay on Genocide in Rwanda
Write An Essay On The Rwanda Genocide
Genocide in Rwanda Essay
An Essay On The Rwandan Genocide
Essay On Rwanda Genocide
The Rwanda Genocide Essay
Rwanda Genocide Sociology
Essay On Genocide In Rwanda
Rwanda Genocide Essay
International Response To Rwanda Genocide
Rwandan Genocide Essay
Essay On Rwanda Genocide
Case Study: Rwanda Genocide Essay
Issues In Rwanda Genocide
Genocide in Rwanda Essay
Causes And Effects Of The Rwandan Genocide
Essay On The Rwanda Genocide
Research Paper On Rwanda Genocide
Essay on Genocide in Rwanda
Rwanda Genocide Sociology
Essay On Rwanda Genocide
Genocide in Rwanda Essay
Essay On The Rwanda Genocide
Essay On Genocide In Rwanda
Rwandan Genocide Essay
The Genocide Of The Rwanda Essay
Genocide In Rwanda
The Failure Of Genocide In Rwanda
Causes Of Genocide In Rwanda
Genocide In Rwanda Genocide
Genocide In Rwanda
Genocide In Rwanda
Genocide In Rwanda
Genocide in Rwanda Essay
Rwandan Genocide Analysis
Rwanda Genocide: The Assassination Of Rwanda
War Crimes And Genocide In Rwanda
Genocide in Rwanda: international response
Night Will FallCries from Syria- ComparisonContrast EssayRese.docxpicklesvalery
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Night Will Fall/Cries from Syria
- Comparison/Contrast Essay/Research Paper Assignment - Length: Two-three pages of text, in addition to the following:
Format: MLA-style writing, references, including cover page, in-text citation and correctly formatted reference page. Paper MUST be double spaced, have properly indented paragraphs, be peer-reviewed, spell and grammar checked, etc. IF YOU DO NOT HAVE IN-TEXT CITATION, YOU WILL EARN AN INSTANT âF.â
Due Date: Final, perfected draft due February 12, 2020 (rough draft due February 5th â bring a printed copy to class on this day. The final paper will be electronically submitted through turnitin.com)
âThose who do not remember the past are condemned to repeat it.â George Santayana
Though the Holocaust and the documentary Night Will Fall are disturbing reminders of an atrocity committed against millions of people, as time goes by, it gets easier for many to deny it happened at all, or forget the most important lesson of all: Itâs happening again.
The United Nations uses the following definition to classify acts of genocide: âany of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such: killing members of the group; causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; [and] forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.â
For this assignment, you will be viewing both documentaries in class and will participate in a discussion about the film; you will then be writing a comparison/contrast essay about genocide.
Read the attached briefing and think about it and what you saw in the films. As you can see in the first documentary, the Nazis attempted and very nearly succeeded in efforts to commit an act of genocide against the Jewish people, as well as Gypsies, homosexuals, the mentally retarded and anyone else they believed were âundesirablesâ, or an estimated total of roughly 11,000,000 people killed. This is happening on a smaller scale now in numerous places, including Syria, which has been embroiled in a bitter, bloody civil war for many years, and is on the verge of becoming a full-blown genocide in Myanmar.
Genocides have happened many times in the recent past (Rwanda â approximately 1,000,000 deaths; Cambodia - 3,000,000; Armenia â 1,500,000; Russia -7,500,000; Bosnia Herzegovina â 38,000, etc.) There is, even now in the 21st century, still rampant antisemitism and a rise of violence and hatred against others of many faiths and ethnicities. Consider also the actions of ISIL, Boko Haram, Al Qaeda and other terrorist groups active today as well as current policies to restrict immigration by the current United States political administration and how such policies could conceivably foster hate.
Students wil.
Article
Decolonial Designs: JoseĚ MartÄąĚ,
HoĚĚ ChÄąĚ Minh, and Global
Entanglements
QuyĚnh N. Pha
Ë
m1 and MarÄąĚa JoseĚ MeĚndez1
Abstract
Drawing on the writings of two prominent political thinkers and activists, JoseĚ MartÄąĚ and HoĚĚ ChÄąĚ
Minh, our article foregrounds the imaginative crossings, ethicalâpolitical inspirations, and mutual
learning among the colonized. Although embedded in different histories, both MartÄąĚâs and HoĚĚâs
writings evince an insurgent solidarity with others under colonial enslavement. They evoke con-
ceptions of self-determination and relationality that are strikingly global rather than national or
regional. Going beyond affinities of insurgency, we also investigate critical moments of silence and
effacement in MartÄąĚâs and HoĚĚâs engagement with subaltern groups. In weaving their anticolonial
visions together as well as examining their limitations, we seek to sketch the contours of an
alternative, non-Eurocentric international relations.
Keywords
decolonization, solidarity, JoseĚ MartÄąĚ, HoĚĚ ChÄąĚ Minh, global political thought, subaltern politics
Global Crossings
In April 1976, affirming Cubaâs commitment to support the armed struggle in Angola, Fidel Castro
observed: âIn Africa, Cuban blood was shed alongside the heroic fighters of Angola, that of the chil-
dren of MartĂ, Maceo and Agramonte, that of those who inherited the international blood of GĂłmez
and el Che Guevara. Those who one day enslaved men and sent them to America, never imagined that
one of those pueblos who received the slaves, would send their combatants to fight for freedom in
Africa.â1 Postcolonial theorists of International Relations (IR) have argued that the discipline of IR
has been predicated on a systematic amnesia of transatlantic slavery and how it constitutively marked
the modern (post-Columbian) world along with the question of race in global politics.2 Castroâs
remembrance of the transatlantic crossing of European slave ships contrasts with such amnesia. But
more importantly for us, he pointed out what was unimaginable for the former enslavers: cross-
oceanic solidarities among the once enslaved. While much of postcolonial literature counters what
Edward Said calls the âconsolidated visionsâ of empire by reminding us of the hybridity and âinter-
twined historiesâ that mutually constitute the metropole and the colony, in this article, we point to
1Department of Political Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Corresponding Author:
QuyĚnh N. Pha
Ë
m, Department of Political Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Email: [email protected]
Alternatives: Global, Local, Political
2015, Vol. 40(2) 156-173
ÂŞ The Author(s) 2015
Reprints and permission:
sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav
DOI: 10.1177/0304375415594059
alt.sagepub.com
http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav
http://alt.sagepub.com
http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1177%2F0304375415594059&domain=pdf&date_stamp=2015-07-15
...
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
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Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
⢠The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
⢠The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate âany matterâ at âany timeâ under House Rule X.
⢠The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
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An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Â
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
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Francesca Gottschalk from the OECDâs Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
2. Social Proximity
We often attribute conflict between individuals and
groups to growing contrasts or cleavages between
them. The larger the economic, cultural and social
differences; the greater the chance for violent
confrontations.
But if we are to consider generating a body of theory
about violence and power, it is hard to ignore that
struggles often take place between communities that
differ very little â or between communities between
which differences have diminished.
History shows us that some of the most bloody and
terrible conflicts are civil wars or âinternecineâ
struggles. The archetypes are the biblical brothers
Cane and Abelâhence the metaphor of fratricide.
3. Freud
⢠Letâs start with Freud, not
with Marx, who believed that
the class struggle necessary
for change in society could
only develop when the
schism between workers and
owners were INCREASED
⢠Freud was one of the first to
recognise the importance of
minor differences.
⢠Freud coined the phrase âthe
narcissism of minor
differences.
4. Freud: The Narcissism of Minor
Differences
The first time Freud discusses the
ânarcissism of minor differencesâ is in
his essay The Taboo of Virginity (1917).
ââŚthis ânarcissism of minor differencesâ, the
hostility which in every human relationship we
see fighting successfully against feelings of
fellowship and overpowering the
commandment that all men should love one
anotherâ
5. Freud continuesâŚ
Some years later, Freud brings this issue
up againâŚ
âOf two neighbouring towns, each is the
otherâs most jealous rival; every little
canton looks down upon the others with
contempt.â also, âthe South German
cannot endure the North German, the
Englishman casts every kind of
aspersion upon the Scot, the Spaniard
despises the Portugueseâ
6. The narcissism of minor differences
⢠Recall Leachâs observation that âThe more
similar the general pattern of two communities,
the more critical will be the significance which is
attached to minor points of reversalâ.
⢠The ethnographic literature on violent conflict in
African societies suggests that violent
confrontations usually take place in close
circles, between close neighbours, friends or
relativesâin short, between peoples who share
many social and cultural features.
⢠Exchange and war can sometimes be seen as
7. The Nuer and the Dinka
NORTHERN NILOTES 100 km.
NORTHERN OTHER
DINKA NUER
LUO
The Nuer are closer, culturally, to the Dinka than
to any other group in the region.
8. The Nuer and the Dinka
The Nuer feel closer to the Dinka than
to other groups of strangers. They
fought together in the SPLA and often
speak of each other as cousins. At the
same time, the Nuer show greater
hostility toward the Dinka than toward
other strangers.
âThe nearer people are to the Nuer in
mode of livelihood, language, and
customs, the more intimately the Nuer
regard them, the more easily they enter
into relations of hostility with them and
the more easily they fuse with
themâŚNuer make war against a people
who have a culture like their ownâ â Evans-
Pritchard.
9. Pierre Bourdieu
ÂŤ Ce sont les plus proches qui nous font mal Âť
â Pierre Bourdieu
Bourdieu emphasizes the
importance of minor differences
for the formation and maintenance
of identity and the threat to
identity that comes from what is
closestâŚ
10. Rwanda: The narcissism of minor
differences?
Tutsi and Hutu speak the same
BANTU language, have the same
religion, followed the same cultural
practices (polygyny), eat the same
food, work the same
land, intermarry, etc.
Gravel, who did his work in the
1960s noted that the blurring of
ethnic lines that Maquet had
observed in the early twentieth
century had become even more
pronounced:
âAlthough the social system tends to keep
the poor Tutsi out of poverty, either by
helping them out or making them Hutu, there
are many Tutsi of low rank and low status in
every communityâ
Conversely, well-to-do Hutu could
be âTutsi-isedâ
11. Why such extreme violence?
We can look at the Rwanda crisis purely from an
âinstrumentalâ perspective.
That this event happened for a variety of
reasons:
⢠Colonial and foreign misrepresentations of
ethnic interaction
⢠Drought, ecological change and consequent
government policies
⢠Regional migration
But is this enough?
Surely, we need to find some other way to
account for the shear brutality and application of
terror at such an intimate level: neighbours killing
12. Bourdieuâs Point
Social identity lies
in difference;
difference is
established, reinf
orced and
defended against
what is closestâ
and what is
closest (in several
senses of the
word) represents
13. Violence always has a meaning
⢠The cultural dimensions of violence â its
idiom, discourse and meaning receive little
attention.
⢠Most historians, political scientists and also
anthropologists seem to focus on the
âutilitarianâ or âinstrumentalâ elements of
violence â in terms of means and ends.
⢠Rather than an a priori categorization of
violence as senseless or
irrational, consider it as a form of
14. Violence and its meanings
Anthropologists have found it useful to
distinguish between instrumental or technical
versus ritual, symbolic, communicative
aspects of human behaviour.
Some actions are more laden with meaning
than others. Pulling a bucket of water from
the well or making a pot of coffee are actions
with minimal symbolic import
It would be wrong to ignore the symbolism
embedded in overt acts of violence â both
individual and communal.
15. Violence and its meanings
The use of some kinds of violence must be
understood primarily in terms of symbolic
action
Although violence may have specific ends:
say, the killing of an opponent, we cannot
understand events such as Rwanda or Darfur
solely in these termsâThere are more
efficient ways of destroying opposition.
16. Violence and its meanings
Ritualisation characterises a number of different acts
of violence.
Consider:
⢠The killing of the Ya-Na among the Dagomba in
Ghana
⢠Special names for opponents which serve to remove
moral responsibility for killing fellows: âcockroachesâ
for Tutsi in Rwanda
⢠The targeted use of rape in Darfurian Muslim society
to shame whole communities and families
Violence is a historically developed cultural category
which needs to be understood as something more
than just a means to an end: Violence itself is social
Editor's Notes
AN OUTLINE OF A GENERAL THEORY OF POWER AND VIOLENCE
Consider the American Civil War
CLASS STRUGGLE USUALLY ATTRIBUTED TO MARX
The Taboo of Virginity: People are separated by a taboo of personal isolation and that it is precisely the minor differences between people who are otherwise alike that form the basis of feelings of hostility and strangeness between them.
How have anthropologists dealt with Freudâs observations?The Konkomba and the Dagomba?
OTHER IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS:The Superior numbers of HutuThe presence of the Tutsi army in DRC, then Zaire (READ POTTIER). Migration into Zaire took place, increasing drought and food shortageâŚ. The population that had never had access to BuhakeâŚ. Disagreement with a government that were increasingly ETHNICISING matters.POTTIER / GRAVEL / AND MAQUET ALL DISAGRE ABOUT HOW WIDESPREAD WAS BUHAKEBUT IT IS DIFFICULT TO IGNORE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TWO GROUPS AND THE GRADUAL DISSOLUTION OF HIERARCHY
Here I will ask you to remember what you saw in the movie.
Technical aspects involve expediency, practical reason ------ means and goals.The latter involves meaning: What do these practices say? What do they mean?LOOK AT MALKKI